CN104597467A - Method and device for GNSS-R (global navigation satellite system-reflection) detection based on phased arrays - Google Patents

Method and device for GNSS-R (global navigation satellite system-reflection) detection based on phased arrays Download PDF

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CN104597467A
CN104597467A CN201510057939.6A CN201510057939A CN104597467A CN 104597467 A CN104597467 A CN 104597467A CN 201510057939 A CN201510057939 A CN 201510057939A CN 104597467 A CN104597467 A CN 104597467A
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gnss
radio
aerial array
handed
mode
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CN104597467B (en
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周勃
姚崇斌
吴小丹
化宁
秦瑾
冯剑锋
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Shanghai Aerospace Measurement Control Communication Institute
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Shanghai Aerospace Measurement Control Communication Institute
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    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01SRADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S13/00Systems using the reflection or reradiation of radio waves, e.g. radar systems; Analogous systems using reflection or reradiation of waves whose nature or wavelength is irrelevant or unspecified
    • G01S13/02Systems using reflection of radio waves, e.g. primary radar systems; Analogous systems
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01SRADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S19/00Satellite radio beacon positioning systems; Determining position, velocity or attitude using signals transmitted by such systems
    • G01S19/01Satellite radio beacon positioning systems transmitting time-stamped messages, e.g. GPS [Global Positioning System], GLONASS [Global Orbiting Navigation Satellite System] or GALILEO
    • G01S19/13Receivers
    • G01S19/35Constructional details or hardware or software details of the signal processing chain
    • G01S19/36Constructional details or hardware or software details of the signal processing chain relating to the receiver frond end
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01SRADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S7/00Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00
    • G01S7/02Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00 of systems according to group G01S13/00
    • G01S7/35Details of non-pulse systems
    • G01S7/352Receivers

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Radar, Positioning & Navigation (AREA)
  • Remote Sensing (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Radar Systems Or Details Thereof (AREA)
  • Variable-Direction Aerials And Aerial Arrays (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a method and a device for GNSS-R (global navigation satellite system-reflection) detection based on phased arrays. The device comprises a two-sided phased-array antenna and a Doppler delay mapping receiver. The two-sided phased-array antenna comprises a left-handed antenna array, a right-handed antenna array and a radio-frequency front end, the left-handed antenna array and the right-handed antenna array are in back-to-back arrangement, and the radio-frequency front end is mounted between the left-handed antenna array and the right-handed antenna array. The Doppler delay mapping receiver consists of a multi-channel radio-frequency receiving unit and a correlator unit. The two-sided phased-array antenna receives signals and sends the signals to the Doppler delay mapping receiver for processing. The method includes: arranging the two-sided phased-array antenna and the Doppler delay mapping receiver, enabling the Doppler delay mapping receiver to complete navigational satellite selection and specular reflection point predication according to setups, and sending beam pointing control orders to the two-sided phased-array antenna to enable beams to point towards required angles. The method and the device for GNSS-R detection based on the phased arrays have the advantages that coverage of a plurality of seal surfaces can be realized, swath is broadened, and temporal resolution is increased.

Description

A kind of GNSS-R sniffer based on phased array and method
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of sniffer, particularly a kind of GNSS-R sniffer based on phased array and method.
Background technology
Nowadays, GNSS technology has been deep into the various aspects of national defense applications, economical production and daily life.The application and research utilizing the signal of GNSS satellite sea surface reflection to carry out ocean dynamical environment detection is also more and more caused to the concern of people.GNSS-R(Global Navigation Satellite System-Reflection) remote sensing technology utilizes Navsat L-band signal, with bank base, aviation or Space-borne, receive and process ocean, land or target echo, the technology of realization character elements recognition or target detection is one of domestic and international remote sensing and field of navigation technology study hotspot.The final goal of this technical research carries out space-borne observation, Global coverage is realized by the networking of many stars, utilize the reflected signal of GNSS Navsat to carry out ocean dynamical environment detection to ocean, be mainly used in the aspects such as ocean Wind-field Retrieval, the measurement of mesoscale sea level height, sea ice detection.
GNSS-R technology adopts multistatic sonar forward scattering pattern to detect.GNSS satellite transmits as right-handed circular polarization, after surface scattering, signal intensity attenuation and signal polarity upset, in left-hand circular polarization.Therefore, GNSS-R ocean dynamical environment detection instrument needs use two slave antenna, and a pair is the dextrorotation antenna to sky, receives GNSS direct signal; Another pair is left-handed antenna over the ground, receives GNSS reflected signal.At spaceborne height, sea return is faint, and high-gain aerial need be adopted to receive reflected signal.At present, mostly adopt airborne fixed beam GNSS-R remote sensing equipment to carry out the research of Oceanic remote sensing, airborne GNSS-R detection instrument generally uses broad beam antenna to carry out pushing away sweeping, and receives sea return; At spaceborne height, sea return is faint, and high-gain aerial need be adopted to receive reflected signal.High-gain aerial wave beam is narrower, and employing pushes away the mode of sweeping and can only receive substar region mirror signal, and coverage is less, but adopts multi-beam phased array antenna, can cover, expand swath, improve temporal resolution multiple water area.
Summary of the invention
The present invention is directed to above-mentioned problems of the prior art, a kind of GNSS-R sniffer based on phased array and method are proposed, it adopts multi-beam phased array antenna, can cover multiple water area, expand swath, improve temporal resolution, solve the problem that wave beam is narrow, coverage is little of spaceborne height-finding technique.
For solving the problems of the technologies described above, the present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions:
The invention provides a kind of GNSS-R sniffer based on phased array, it comprises: two-sided phased array antenna, Doppler delay Mapping Receiver.Described two-sided phased array antenna comprises left-handed aerial array, dextrorotation aerial array and radio-frequency front-end, described left-handed aerial array and described dextrorotation aerial array are mode back-to-back, and described radio-frequency front-end is installed in the middle of described left-handed aerial array and described dextrorotation aerial array; Described Doppler delay Mapping Receiver comprises multi-channel radio frequency receiving element and correlator unit; Wherein: described dextrorotation aerial array is for receiving GNSS direct signal, described left-handed aerial array is for receiving GNSS reflected signal, and described radio-frequency front-end processes for the direct signal to described dextrorotation aerial array and described left-handed antenna array receiver, reflected signal; Described multi-channel radio frequency receiving element receives direct signal, the reflected signal that described two-sided phased array antenna transmission comes, it is processed, form direct projection intermediate-freuqncy signal, reflection intermediate-freuqncy signal, described correlator unit receives described direct projection intermediate-freuqncy signal, reflection intermediate-freuqncy signal, it is processed, exports related power.
The present invention adopts the two-sided phased array antenna of multi-beam to be controlled by controlling antenna wave beam to point, can cover, expand swath, improve temporal resolution multiple water area; Phased array antenna is modular design, and the expansion for antenna provides conveniently, when needs improve antenna gain, when expanding antenna array, only need be designed by antenna sub-module and expand it.
Preferably, a described left-handed aerial array and described dextrorotation aerial array corresponding described radio-frequency front-end respectively, is provided with dividing plate between two described radio-frequency front-ends.
Preferably, the integrated radio-frequency front-end of described radio-frequency front-end, be arranged between described left-handed aerial array and described dextrorotation aerial array, described integrated radio-frequency front end comprises: multi-way receiving module, driver, beam-controller and feeding network; Wherein: described multi-way receiving module is installed on the rear end of the antenna element of described left-handed aerial array and described dextrorotation aerial array; Described feeding network is connected with described multi-way receiving module, described driver and described beam-controller.Radio-frequency front-end adopts integrated design, and integrated level is high, size is little, low in energy consumption, lightweight; It is arranged at the centre of two aerial arrays, can save space, reduces the height of antenna.
Preferably, described feeding network is the comprehensive feeding network of multilayer.Existing feeding network when signal syntheses, the lower general employing radio frequency cable network of frequency, its shortcoming is to require that cable length is completely the same, when port number is more, network is complicated, and number of cables is more, amplitude, phase equalization are difficult to ensure, debugging, test job amount is large; Realize by making low-frequency cable for distribution and control signal, for distribution and control signal quantity more time, easily make mistakes.The present invention adopts the feeding network of multilayered printed plate structure, and structure is simple, debugging is easy, and amplitude-phase consistance is high, and Electro Magnetic Compatibility and stability are also relatively good.
Preferably, also comprise calibration source, described correlator unit produces control signal and carries out Corrective control to described calibration source, and described calibration source produces calibration source signal, measures inter-channel level, phase equalization; Described radio-frequency front-end receives described calibration source signal, produces inter-channel level, phase equalization measurement result by correlator unit; Described correlator unit, according to inter-channel level, phase equalization measurement result, calculates corresponding inter-channel level, phase compensation, feeds back to described radio-frequency front-end.Adopt correcting mode in-orbit, effectively can correct the inter-channel level phase place brought due to temperature impact and the reason such as component aging inconsistent, the detection accuracy of raising sniffer.
Preferably, the mode of operation of described sniffer comprises detection mode and correction mode two kinds selection.
Preferably, the control model of described sniffer comprises remote control mode and autonomous mode two kinds selection.
Preferably, the beam dispath mode of described sniffer comprises multi-beam work and single beam work two kinds selection.
Preferably, the measurement pattern of described sniffer comprises survey height mode and surveys the two kinds of selections of wind pattern.
Preferably, the navigational system of described sniffer comprises gps system single mode operation, BD system single mode operation and GPS+BD dual-mode of operation three kinds selection.
Sniffer of the present invention can need according to different environment and detection the combination carrying out various modes, improves the practicality of sniffer, makes it be applicable to various different environment.
The present invention also provides a kind of GNSS-R detection method realized based on phased array, comprises the following steps: S111: mode arranges left-handed aerial array and dextrorotation aerial array back-to-back;
S112: radio-frequency front-end is installed in the middle of described left-handed aerial array and described dextrorotation aerial array, forms two-sided phased array antenna;
S113: described two-sided phased array antenna and Doppler delay are mapped machine and is connected;
S114: the correlator unit of described Doppler's Mapping Receiver is finished the work way choice, completes selection and the mirror-reflection point prediction of Navsat, produce beam point steering instruction according to navigator fix information;
S115: radio-frequency front-end receives described beam point steering signal, by angle needed for controlling antenna wave beam to point, just can detect;
Wherein: described working method comprise in mode of operation, detection mode, beam dispath mode, measurement pattern and navigational system one or more.
Compared to prior art, the present invention has the following advantages:
(1) the GNSS-R sniffer based on phased array provided by the invention adopts multi-beam phased array antenna, is controlled, can cover, expand swath, improve temporal resolution multiple water area by controlling antenna wave beam to point;
(2) radio-frequency front-end of the present invention adopts integrated design, the amplification of collection microwave signal, hyperchannel Beam synthesis, antenna direction beam-control code calculate and join phase, multiple beam switch gating, amplitude-phase Concordance is integrated, and level of integrated system is high, size is little, low in energy consumption, lightweight;
(3) the present invention adopts correcting mode in-orbit, can reduce, because the inter-channel level phase place that temperature affects and component aging brings is inconsistent, to improve detection accuracy;
(4) feeding network of the present invention is the comprehensive feeding network of multilayer board, compares and uses existing cable system to carry out feed, structure is simple, debugging easily, the amplitude-phase consistance of power combing, Electro Magnetic Compatibility and stability are relatively good.
(5) phased array antenna that the present invention adopts is modular design, and when needs improve antenna gain, when expanding antenna array, realize by design splicing antenna sub-module, therefore, its extendability is strong.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, embodiments of the present invention are described further:
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of the GNSS-R sniffer based on phased array antenna of embodiments of the invention 1;
Fig. 2 is the structural representation of the integrated phased array antenna of embodiments of the invention 2;
Fig. 3 is the structural representation of the GNSS-R sniffer based on phased array antenna of embodiments of the invention 3;
Fig. 4 is the workflow diagram of realization of the present invention based on the GNSS-R detection method of phased array antenna;
Fig. 5 is the workflow diagram that the correlator unit of embodiments of the invention 5 carries out mode combinations.
The two-sided phased array antenna of label declaration: 1-, the left-handed aerial array of 11-, 12-dextrorotation aerial array, 13-radio-frequency front-end, 14-dividing plate, 131-multi-way receiving module, 132-driver, 133-beam-controller, 134-feeding network, 2-Doppler delay Mapping Receiver, 21-multi-channel radio frequency receiving element, 22-correlator unit, 3-calibration source.
Embodiment
Elaborate to embodiments of the invention below, the present embodiment is implemented under premised on technical solution of the present invention, give detailed embodiment and concrete operating process, but protection scope of the present invention is not limited to following embodiment.
embodiment 1:
The present embodiment describes the GNSS-R sniffer based on phased array antenna of the present invention in detail, and its structure as shown in Figure 1, comprises two-sided phased array antenna 1 and Doppler delay Mapping Receiver 2.Two-sided phased array antenna 1 comprises left-handed aerial array 11, dextrorotation aerial array 12 and radio-frequency front-end 13, left-handed aerial array 11 is installed back-to-back with dextrorotation aerial array 12, radio-frequency front-end 13 is installed between left-handed aerial array 11 and dextrorotation aerial array 12, left-handed aerial array 11 is provided with dividing plate 14 between a corresponding radio-frequency front-end 13, two radio-frequency front-ends 13 respectively with dextrorotation aerial array 12; Doppler delay Mapping Receiver 2 comprises multi-channel radio frequency receiving element 21 and correlator unit 22; Wherein: left-handed aerial array 11 is for receiving GNSS reflected signal, dextrorotation aerial array 12 is for receiving GNSS direct signal, and radio-frequency front-end 13 amplifies for the reflected signal to left-handed aerial array 11 and dextrorotation aerial array 12 reception, direct signal, synthesizes; Multi-channel radio frequency receiving element 21 receives direct signal, reflected signal after the next process of two-sided phased array antenna 1 transmission, channel separation, frequency conversion, amplification are carried out to it, form direct projection intermediate-freuqncy signal, reflection intermediate-freuqncy signal, correlator unit 22 receives multi-channel radio frequency receiving element 21 and transmits direct projection intermediate-freuqncy signal, the reflection intermediate-freuqncy signal come, it is gathered and computing cross-correlation, exports the time delay related power of one dimension or the delay-Doppler related power of two dimension.
embodiment 2:
The present embodiment is on the basis of embodiment, and describe radio-frequency front-end 13 in detail, as shown in Figure 2, this radio-frequency front-end 13 is the integrated design, and comprises multi-way receiving module 131, driver 132, beam-controller 133 and feeding network 134.Each antenna element rear end of left-handed aerial array 11 and dextrorotation aerial array 12 connects a multi-way receiving module 131, left-handed aerial array 11 and dextrorotation aerial array 12 corresponding beam-controller 132, driver 133 and a feeding network 134 respectively, multi-way receiving module 131, beam-controller 132 and driver 133 are connected with feeding network 134 respectively.
The feeding network 134 of the present embodiment is multilayered printed plate structure, by carrying out layout after Computer Simulation, uses the one-shot forming of multilayered printed version process technology, integrates microwave power synthesis, controls for distribution and signal.Compare use cable system, structure is simple, and easily, the amplitude-phase consistance of power combing is high, and Electro Magnetic Compatibility and stability are also relatively good in debugging.
In the present embodiment, radio-frequency front-end 13 is arranged between left-handed aerial array 11 and dextrorotation aerial array 12, can save space, reduces the height of antenna.
embodiment 3:
The present invention is on the basis of embodiment 2, adds calibration source 3, and correlator unit 22 produces control signal and carries out Corrective control to calibration source 3, and calibration source 3 produces calibration source signal, measures inter-channel level, phase equalization; Multi-way receiving module 131 receives calibration source signal; Correlator unit 22 produces inter-channel level, phase equalization measurement result; Correlator unit 22 is according to inter-channel level, phase equalization measurement result, calculate corresponding inter-channel level, phase compensation, feed back to beam-controller 132, inter-channel level phase place is compensated, it adopts correcting mode in-orbit, effectively can solve the problem that the inter-channel level phase place that causes due to temperature impact and the reason such as component aging is inconsistent, improve detection accuracy.
embodiment 4:
The present embodiment describes the GNSS-R detection method based on phased array of the present invention in detail, comprises the following steps:
S111: left-handed aerial array and dextrorotation aerial array are set back-to-back;
S112: radio-frequency front-end is installed between described left-handed aerial array and described dextrorotation aerial array, forms two-sided phased array antenna;
S113: described two-sided phased array antenna and Doppler delay are mapped machine and is connected;
S114: the correlator unit of described Doppler's Mapping Receiver completes the various combination of multiple-working mode, completes selection and the mirror-reflection point prediction of Navsat according to navigator fix information, produce beam point steering signal;
S115: the beam-controller 133 of radio-frequency front-end 13 receives described beam point steering signal, forward required beam position angle to, N number of wave beam of dextrorotation aerial array 11 aims at N number of different GNSS satellite, N number of wave beam of left-handed aerial array 12 aims at the sea specular reflection point of the GNSS satellite pointed by wave beam of dextrorotation aerial array respectively, detect, the Navsat direct signal that Doppler delay Mapping Receiver receiving antenna exports and sea return, carry out relevant treatment to it.
Wherein: correlator unit 22 pairs of working methods are selected, and comprise the selection to mode of operation, control model, beam dispath mode, measurement pattern and navigational system and combination.In the present embodiment, mode of operation can have detection mode and correction mode two kinds selection, control model can have remote control mode and autonomous mode two kinds selection, beam dispath mode can have multi-beam work and single beam work two kinds selection, measurement pattern can have to be surveyed height mode and surveys the two kinds of selections of wind pattern, and navigational system can have gps system single mode operation, BD single mode operation and GPS+BD dual-mode of operation three kinds selection.Correlator unit 22 can carry out different selections and combination to above-mentioned working method.
embodiment 5:
The present embodiment describes the workflow that a kind of correlator unit 22 pairs of working methods are selected and combined in detail, and its process flow diagram as shown in Figure 4.
First carry out the selection of control model, it is the judgement by telecommand, if it is selects remote control mode, if otherwise select autonomous mode;
When for autonomous mode, then carry out the selection of detection mode, it is by carrying out regular calibration judgement, is if it is started shooting by calibration source, corrects, then return the selection to control mode to system; If otherwise select to survey height mode, then select multi-beam work, finish the work way choice and combination, detect;
When for remote control mode, then carry out the selection of detection mode, it is judged by system compensation, if it is started shooting by calibration source, correct, then return the selection to control mode to system; If otherwise carried out the selection of navigational system, then carry out the selection of measurement pattern, formulate and select star strategy, finally carry out beam dispath way choice, finish the work way choice and combination, would detect.
Just provide the example of a working mode selection and combination herein, in different embodiment, can be different to the order of various working mode selection, also can limit one or more working methods wherein as required, be defined as specifically a certain, need not select.
Disclosed herein is only the preferred embodiments of the present invention, and this instructions is chosen and specifically described these embodiments, and being to explain principle of the present invention and practical application better, is not limitation of the invention.The modifications and variations that any those skilled in the art do within the scope of instructions, all should drop in scope that the present invention protects.

Claims (11)

1., based on a GNSS-R sniffer for phased array, it is characterized in that, comprising:
Two-sided phased array antenna, it comprises left-handed aerial array, dextrorotation aerial array and radio-frequency front-end, described left-handed aerial array and described dextrorotation aerial array are mode back-to-back, and described radio-frequency front-end is installed between described left-handed aerial array and described dextrorotation aerial array;
Described dextrorotation aerial array is for receiving GNSS direct signal, described left-handed aerial array is for receiving GNSS reflected signal, and described radio-frequency front-end processes for the direct signal to described dextrorotation aerial array and described left-handed antenna array receiver, reflected signal;
Doppler delay Mapping Receiver, it comprises multi-channel radio frequency receiving element and correlator unit; Wherein:
Described multi-channel radio frequency receiving element receives direct signal, the reflected signal that described two-sided phased array antenna transmission comes, it is processed, form direct projection intermediate-freuqncy signal, reflection intermediate-freuqncy signal, described correlator unit receives described direct projection intermediate-freuqncy signal, reflection intermediate-freuqncy signal, it is processed, exports related power.
2. the GNSS-R sniffer based on phased array according to claim 1, is characterized in that, a described left-handed aerial array and described dextrorotation aerial array corresponding described radio-frequency front-end respectively, is provided with dividing plate between two described radio-frequency front-ends.
3. the GNSS-R sniffer based on phased array according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, the integrated radio-frequency front-end of described radio-frequency front-end, be arranged between described left-handed aerial array and described dextrorotation aerial array, described integrated radio-frequency front end comprises: multi-way receiving module, driver, beam-controller and feeding network; Wherein:
Described multi-way receiving module is installed on the rear end of the antenna element of described left-handed aerial array and described dextrorotation aerial array;
Described feeding network is connected with described multi-way receiving module, described driver and described beam-controller.
4. the GNSS-R sniffer based on phased array according to claim 3, is characterized in that, described feeding network is the comprehensive feeding network of multilayer.
5. the GNSS-R sniffer based on phased array according to claim 1, is characterized in that, also comprise calibration source;
Described correlator unit produces control signal and carries out Corrective control to described calibration source, and described calibration source produces calibration source signal;
Described radio-frequency front-end receives described calibration source signal, is measured inter-channel level, phase equalization by correlator unit, produces inter-channel level, phase equalization measurement result;
Described correlator unit, according to inter-channel level, phase equalization measurement result, calculates corresponding inter-channel level, phase compensation, feeds back to described radio-frequency front-end.
6. the GNSS-R sniffer based on phased array according to claim 5, is characterized in that, the mode of operation of described sniffer comprises detection mode and correction mode two kinds selection.
7. the GNSS-R sniffer based on phased array according to claim 1, is characterized in that, the control model of described sniffer comprises remote control mode and autonomous mode two kinds selection.
8. the GNSS-R sniffer based on phased array according to claim 1, is characterized in that, the beam dispath mode of described sniffer comprises multi-beam work and single beam work two kinds selection.
9. the GNSS-R sniffer based on phased array according to claim 1, is characterized in that, the measurement pattern of described sniffer comprises to be surveyed height mode and surveys the two kinds of selections of wind pattern.
10. the GNSS-R sniffer based on phased array according to claim 1, is characterized in that, the navigational system of described sniffer comprises gps system single mode operation, BD system single mode operation and GPS+BD dual-mode of operation three kinds selection.
11. 1 kinds of GNSS-R detection methods realized based on phased array, is characterized in that, comprise the following steps:
S111: mode arranges left-handed aerial array and dextrorotation aerial array back-to-back;
S112: radio-frequency front-end is installed in the middle of described left-handed aerial array and described dextrorotation aerial array, forms two-sided phased array antenna;
S113: described two-sided phased array antenna and Doppler delay are mapped machine and is connected;
S114: the correlator unit of described Doppler's Mapping Receiver is finished the work way choice, completes selection and the mirror-reflection point prediction of Navsat, produce beam point steering signal according to navigator fix information;
S115: described radio-frequency front-end receives described beam point steering signal, by angle needed for controlling antenna wave beam to point;
Wherein: described working method comprise in mode of operation, detection mode, beam dispath mode, measurement pattern and navigational system one or more.
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