CN101980048B - Space Debris Ground-Based Radar System Based on Antenna Array Technology - Google Patents
Space Debris Ground-Based Radar System Based on Antenna Array Technology Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明提供了一种基于天线组阵的空间碎片地基雷达系统，包括信号发射部分、信号接收部分以及频率和时统模块。信号发射部分包括信号发生源、数字波束形成器、相位同步电路、多个上变频器、多个功率放大器以及发射天线阵。发射天线阵为多个发射天线单元沿东西方向分布的一维天线阵，每一发射天线单元均用于将经过对应的功率放大器放大的信号发射到空间碎片。信号接收部分包括接收天线阵、多个低噪声放大器、多个下变频器、多个模/数转换器、空间碎片精测模块、空间碎片普测模块以及数据后处理交互模块。接收天线阵为多个接收天线单元按平面排列的二维天线阵，用于接收空间碎片反射回的信号。
The invention provides a space debris ground-based radar system based on an antenna array, which includes a signal transmitting part, a signal receiving part, and a frequency and time system module. The signal transmitting part includes a signal generating source, a digital beamformer, a phase synchronization circuit, multiple up-converters, multiple power amplifiers and a transmitting antenna array. The transmitting antenna array is a one-dimensional antenna array in which multiple transmitting antenna units are distributed along the east-west direction, and each transmitting antenna unit is used to transmit a signal amplified by a corresponding power amplifier to space debris. The signal receiving part includes a receiving antenna array, multiple low-noise amplifiers, multiple down-converters, multiple analog-to-digital converters, space debris precise measurement module, space debris general measurement module and data post-processing interaction module. The receiving antenna array is a two-dimensional antenna array in which a plurality of receiving antenna units are arranged in a plane, and is used for receiving signals reflected by space debris.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to field of space technology, relate in particular to space junk ground based detection technology.
Background technology
From nineteen fifty-seven the first in the world artificial satellite emission so far, mankind's space-ward have launched nearly 6000 spacecrafts.At present, the Earth's orbit target that is surpassed 10cm by the customary diameter of following the tracks of surpasses 10000, and wherein only having an appointment 6% is useful load, and all the other are space junk entirely.Space junk is the product of human space operation; Comprising fragment that spray, the discards in carrying out the space mission process, the collision between the space object of the rocket rocket body of finishing the work and satellite body, rocket produce etc., is the primary pollution source of space environment.The existence of space junk is seriously threatening the safety of spacecraft in orbit; They directly change the surface property of spacecraft with the impact energy of spacecraft; Cause surface device damage, cause the Space Vehicle System fault, the normal operation of spacecraft is brought great harm.
Frequent day by day along with solar-system operation, the space has become the field of country and interest group's sharp fight, and space weaponization is the inevitable outcome of this field contention.For the threat of reply, must carry out comprehensive monitoring to all extraterrestrial targets that comprise space junk from space.
Measurement to space junk is divided into ground measurement and space-based measurement.Current, Small and Medium Sized (less than 10cm) space junk is mainly measured with space-based, and large scale space junk (greater than 10cm) then relies on the ground measuring method.Ground is measured and is divided into ground radar detection and ground optical detection again.Optical detection background on high is dark, and target receives under the condition of solar light irradiation carries out, and receives the constraint of meteorological condition, and the visual field is less, and the angle measurement ability is only arranged; Radar is as active probe equipment, and the spatial domain that may observe is big has all weather operations advantage, be in the main mode surveyed of low rail space junk.
Statistics to the space junk detection data shows; Size all appears at the orbit altitude about 900km greater than the distribution density peak value of 1cm space junk; This type fragment is the most serious to the threat of spacecraft flight safety, and the size of these fragments and orbit altitude are also just in size and distance range that the ground radar can be surveyed simultaneously.Present technology is mainly carried out tracking and monitoring to the fragment of diameter more than 10 centimetres, has only the U.S. and Russia to have the ability it is all monitored in the world.Therefore, the ground radar detection of research space junk---especially the space junk of diameter 1 to 10 cm size---has important use and is worth and realistic meaning.
In order further to study the space junk Detection Techniques special-purpose ground radar fragment detecting devices is provided; The present invention proposes; Attach most importance to low earth zone; The main equipment that construction is made up of optical telescope and precision tracking radar with the preliminary ground monitoring net of the common formation of other cooperative equipment, begins to take shape the detectivity of 10cm Low Earth Orbit space junk.According to above-mentioned target,, carry out the research of novel ground The radar exploration technique with the ground radar detection that advances space junk.
Large Phased Array Radar, fence and big machinery tracking radar etc. are mainly adopted in the observation of at present external space junk; Multiple goal general survey that these equipment all need very high radio-frequency emission power and higher construction and maintenance cost, and are difficult to implementation space fragment simultaneously---especially the space junk of diameter 1 to 10 cm size---and/or accurate station-keeping ability.
Summary of the invention
Be difficult to the multiple goal general survey of implementation space fragment simultaneously and/or accurate location to existing space fragment tradition ground radar, and need very high radio-frequency emission power and the higher construction and the shortcoming of maintenance cost.The present invention proposes a kind of new space junk ground radar detection scheme based on the antenna array technology.
The present invention receives two big systems by signal emission and signal and forms.Based on the reception of the space junk radar system of antenna array and the mode that emitting antenna all adopts a large amount of medium and small antenna arrays.In order to improve the general survey efficient of space junk, emitting antenna adopts the one dimension antenna array of east-west direction distribution, and this distribution mode has guaranteed to transmit and had the wave beam that north and south is wide, thing is narrow.Receiving antenna adopts the planar antenna array of sub-circular, and emitting antenna can be used as receiving antenna simultaneously and carries out Data Receiving.Certainly, the planar antenna array that receiving antenna array can have any shape, the planar antenna array of sub-circular is most preferred.For enlarging the hunting zone, all antenna elements all have the mechanical scanning function.
The mode of antenna array is adopted in signal emission of the present invention.Utilize before the emission of each antenna digital beam signal frequency with the time system module frequency marking that provides realize the synchronous of phase place with phase locking circuit, form the phase value that device provides each signal demand to adjust by digital beam.That is, digital beam forms device and is calculated as the phase place of needed each antenna of antenna array wave beam that forms expection and the weighted value of amplitude, thus each the antenna digital beam signal that obtains expecting.Phase locking circuit realization phase-locking need be proofreaied and correct the phase differential between each antenna digital beam signal, and phase correction adopts and proofreaies and correct the method that combines with correction in real time in advance.Proofread and correct the satellite mainly utilize known accurate track or stronger radio source as signal source in advance, measure the time delay and the phase differential of each antenna, confirm the exact position of antenna through signal correction.Timing is selected the signal source of different directions as far as possible, wants the inconsistent error that causes of compensating signal source frequency and radar frequency simultaneously.Because the lobe broad of individual antenna; The real-time correction of phase place can utilize can observe known accurate track satellite or than the reflected signal of large space fragment as beacon; The SUMPLE related algorithm synthetic through signal calculates phase differential each other, and real-time proofreaies and correct each antenna digital beam signal.For proofread and correct experiment in advance, system does not transmit, and adopts the stronger Syncom of signal as signal source antenna time delay and phase differential to be measured.
Signal of the present invention receives the mode that adopts antenna array.The space junk reflected signal that each antenna receives utilizes the antenna array technology that signal is synthesized after power amplification, down coversion and mould/number conversion, the general survey and/or the accurate measurement of the mode implementation space fragment that combines through range finding and angle measurement.The data of antenna array are synthetic to adopt three kinds of methods, and the one, directly utilize digital beam to form technology and confirm time delay and phase differential between antenna, the signal of specific direction is received.The 2nd, confirm time delay and phase differential through the method for signal correction, synthesize again after the signal alignment, what this method application was the widest is the SUMPLE algorithm.The 3rd, through the arrival direction of MUSIC direction-finding method picked up signal, so to carry out signal synthetic utilizing digital beam to form technology again.Above-mentioned three kinds of methods respectively have relative merits; First method is a kind of blind detection method; Promptly utilize known aerial position and observed ray, the time delay that realizes signal through Calculation Method is with the phase place adjustment and carry out signal and synthesize, and the method need not carried out related operation; Calculated amount is minimum, but need scan or concurrent operation just can realize the detection to signal.Second method needs the individual correlator of N (antenna receives the receiving antenna unit number in the battle array), time delay and phase differential between each antenna digital beam signal of acquisition that can be real-time when utilizing the SUMPLE related algorithm.The third method can degree of precision the arrival direction of estimation multiple signals, but need the autocorrelation matrix of computing array signal, calculated amount is maximum.The present invention is directed to the different observation mode of space junk and select corresponding method, general survey model selection first method, accurate measurement model selection second method or the third method, wherein preferred second method.
Beneficial effect of the present invention: the space junk ground radar based on the antenna array technology that the present invention proposes has multiple goal general survey and/or accurate station-keeping ability simultaneously; Compare with the single antenna radar with traditional phased-array radar, have higher detection accuracy (especially can survey the space junk of 1 to 10 centimetre of diameter), greater flexibility and easy extendability, lower single-antenna transmission power and lower construction and maintenance cost.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the space junk ground radar system structural representation that the present invention is based on antenna array;
Fig. 2 is the reception/launching antenna array synoptic diagram that the present invention is based on the space junk ground radar system of antenna array;
Fig. 3 is a space junk general survey antenna array wave beam synoptic diagram of the present invention;
Fig. 4 is the SUMPLE signal synthesis system synoptic diagram in the space junk accurate measurement module of the present invention.
Embodiment
Specify each related detailed problem in the technical scheme of the present invention below in conjunction with accompanying drawing.Be to be noted that described embodiment only is intended to be convenient to understanding of the present invention, and it is not played any qualification effect.
Fig. 1 is the space junk ground radar system structural representation that the present invention is based on antenna array.Radar system comprises that signal emission and signal receive the two large divisions.Signal emission part forms device, phase locking circuit, upconverter, power amplifier and launching antenna array etc. by signal generating source, digital beam and forms.Signal receive section is made up of receiving antenna array, isolator, LNA (low noise amplifier), low-converter, ADC (A/D converter), space junk accurate measurement module, space junk general survey module and Data Post interactive module etc.Wherein, signal emission and signal receive two large divisions's shared frequency and the time module of uniting.
As shown in Figure 1, said signal emission part comprises: signal generating source is used to produce signal; Digital beam forms device, is used to be calculated as the phase place of needed each antenna of antenna array wave beam that forms expection and the weighted value of amplitude, thus each the antenna digital beam signal that obtains expecting; Phase locking circuit; Thereby the digital beam phase difference between signals of said each antenna is proofreaied and correct to obtain the phase-locking that calibrated signal makes signal, and these phase differential are to be caused by the inconsistent of performance, cable length and electromagnetic wave transmission path of hardware device usually; It is high-frequency signal that a plurality of upconverter, each upconverter all are used to make calibrated signal frequency conversion; A plurality of power amplifiers, each power amplifier all carries out power amplification to resulting high-frequency signal; And launching antenna array, it is the one dimension antenna array that a plurality of transmission antenna unit distribute along east-west direction, each transmission antenna unit all is used for being transmitted into space junk through corresponding power amplifier amplifying signal.Signal receive section comprises: receiving antenna array, and it is the two-dimensional antenna battle array of a plurality of receiving antennas unit by planar alignment, is used to receive the signal of space junk reflected back; A plurality of low noise amplifiers, each low noise amplifier all are used to amplify the signal that corresponding receiving antenna unit receives; A plurality of low-converters, each low-converter all are used for down-converting to intermediate-freuqncy signal through corresponding low noise amplifier amplifying signal; A plurality of A/D converters, each A/D converter all are used for converting the intermediate-freuqncy signal that the low-converter from correspondence obtains into digital signal; Space junk accurate measurement module; Adopt the SUMPLE composition algorithm or on the basis of Modified MUSIC direction finding, the digital signal that obtains from a plurality of A/D converters is carried out signal synthetic obtaining the multichannel composite signal, and utilize the multichannel composite signal that is obtained to carry out multiple target tracking, accurately survey rail; Space junk general survey module, digital beam forms and signal is synthetic handles with acquisition multichannel composite signal to carrying out from the digital signal of a plurality of A/D converters acquisitions, and the multichannel composite signal that utilization is obtained carries out multiple goal Doppler range rate measurement, angle measurement; And the Data Post interactive module, be used for the data of space junk general survey module and/or space junk accurate measurement module output are carried out aftertreatment and carried out alternately with equipment beyond the said ground radar system.Frequency and time system module are that said phase locking circuit, said upconverter, said low-converter and said A/D converter provide frequency marking and temporal information; After before each transmission antenna unit transmits, receiving signal with each receiving antenna unit, utilize frequency with the time frequency marking that provides of system module and phase locking circuit realization signal phase synchronous.
It should be appreciated by those skilled in the art that as required ground radar system of the present invention can only comprise space junk general survey module or space junk accurate measurement module, also can comprise this two.When not carrying out the space junk general survey, transmission antenna unit needn't be arranged as the one dimension antenna array that distributes along east-west direction, and can be the antenna array of other direction and shape.And; A lot of modules in said signal emission part and the signal receive section can be replaced or omit, and for example, signal generating source can form device with digital beam and form a digital beam signal generation source; Perhaps as required or actual conditions, can omit low noise amplifier.And; A certain or several kinds of devices that frequency and time system module can be merely in said phase locking circuit, said upconverter, said low-converter and the said A/D converter provide frequency marking and temporal information; Promptly; When the local oscillator of some device has sufficiently high frequency stability, need not frequency marking and temporal information be provided for these devices.
Also show isolator among Fig. 1, when transmission antenna unit also was used as the receiving antenna unit, isolator was used to the Signal Spacing that the signal that sends to transmission antenna unit and transmission antenna unit receive is opened.Certainly, isolator is also inessential, those skilled in the art will know that multiple mode makes the Signal Spacing of transmission antenna unit transmitting-receiving.
Native system receives and emitting antenna all adopts a large amount of middle miniature antennas (antenna aperture is 5 meters to 30 meters) to organize the mode of battle array; Adopt this technological advantage to be: (1) is compared with the single antenna radar with traditional phased-array radar, can have bigger visual angle, very low single-antenna transmission power, better extensibility and lower construction and maintenance cost based on the ground radar of antenna array technology; (2) can improve detection range and the detectivity that strengthens little space junk greatly; (3) adopt in miniature antenna compare with big antenna, have more performance, stronger work robustness, lower expenditure of construction and better plan dirigibility; (4) have wideer lobe, be easy to realize simultaneously multiple goal general survey and/or accurate station-keeping ability space junk.
The emissive power of supposing each emitting antenna is P
s,, be that the signal power that the unit area at d place receives does apart from antenna array then perpendicular to transmit direction
In the formula, N is the antenna element quantity of launching antenna array, and G is an antenna gain.Can find out that from following formula the received power of signal and number of transmission antennas N square are directly proportional, so adopt up launching antenna array, can reduce single-antenna transmission power greatly, and can greatly improve detection range and the detectivity that strengthens little space junk.
Fig. 2 is the space junk ground radar transmit-receive antenna battle array synoptic diagram that the present invention is based on antenna array.Among the figure, the one dimension antenna array that emitting antenna adopts east-west direction to distribute, receiving antenna array can be the planar antenna array of arbitrary shape, is preferably the planar antenna array of sub-circular, emitting antenna can be used as receiving antenna simultaneously and carries out Data Receiving.Said a plurality of emitting antenna is used to receive the signal of space junk reflected back also as the part of said a plurality of receiving antennas.Fig. 2 is merely synoptic diagram, and the concrete layout of antenna array does not receive this figure restriction.
Antenna uplink group battle array technology and antenna element method for correcting phase
Because up battle array is a thinned array, realize the in the same way stack of each antenna digital beam signal in the far-field region, time delay and phase accuracy during to emission have very high requirement.
At present; Antenna uplink group battle array technology is mainly used in the survey of deep space up-link; Can't utilize the detector forward signal to carry out real-time phase place correction to transmitting owing to the remote long time delay of deep space communication; So can only utilize prior measurement to carry out phase correction, but prove that through a large amount of research up group of battle array has higher performance.
Compare with survey of deep space, the uplink antenna group battle array of space junk radar has bigger practical advantages.Because detection range is short, upward signal is behind reflection objects such as space junk or satellite, and that utilizes that phase differential between each receiving antenna can be real-time carries out the phase place correction to transmitting.
Utilize before the emission of each antenna digital beam signal frequency with the time system module frequency marking that provides realize the synchronous of phase place with phase locking circuit, form the phase value that device provides each signal demand to adjust by digital beam.Wherein, frequency and time system module are utilized the very high hydrogen clock equipment of stability, for frequency converter and capture card (ADC) provide frequency standard.
Phase correction adopts in advance and proofreaies and correct, proofreaies and correct in real time or proofread and correct in advance and proofread and correct in real time the method that combines.Proofread and correct the satellite mainly utilize known accurate track or stronger radio source as signal source in advance, measure the time delay and the phase differential of each antenna, measure the exact position of confirming antenna through repeatedly (being generally more than ten times) through signal correction.Timing is selected the signal source of different directions as far as possible, wants the inconsistent error that causes of compensating signal source frequency and radar frequency simultaneously.
Because the lobe broad of individual antenna; The real-time correction of phase place can utilize can observe known accurate track satellite or than the reflected signal of large space fragment as beacon; The SUMPLE related algorithm synthetic through signal calculates phase differential each other, in real time each antenna digital beam signal proofreaied and correct.
For proofread and correct experiment in advance, system does not transmit, and adopts the stronger Syncom of signal as signal source antenna time delay and phase differential to be measured.
Antenna array data receiving system signal synthesis method
Because the reflected signal of the space junk that single antenna receives is very faint, need the signal of each unit in the receiving antenna array be synthesized.
Take all factors into consideration the relative merits of various synthetic methods, in the accurate measurement of space junk, select the SUMPLE composition algorithm as antenna array Data Receiving synthetic method, Modified MUSIC is as assisted synthesizing method.In addition, it all is well known by persons skilled in the art on the basis of Modified MUSIC direction finding, carrying out signal synthetic, will omit the detailed description to it at this.
Antenna array SUMPLE signal synthesis system synoptic diagram is as shown in Figure 4.The intermediate-freuqncy signal that each antenna receives is after sampling; Obtain time delay, phase differential and weighting amplitude through digital correlator; After each way word signal carried out adjustment of time delay, phase place and amplitude weighting, obtain composite signal and be sent to receiver and carry out subsequent treatment such as demodulation via signal synthesizer.Wherein, the phase difference estimation of signal adopts the SUMPLE related algorithm.SUMPLE signal synthesis system shown in Fig. 4 is the part of the space junk accurate measurement module of Fig. 1, and space junk accurate measurement module can comprise that one or more signal synthesizers obtain multichannel composite signal (when multichannel is followed the tracks of).Among Fig. 4, it is synthetic that the signal that each signal synthesizer receives all antenna receiving elements carries out signal.Particularly; Space junk accurate measurement module also comprises respectively and the corresponding a plurality of time delays in each receiving antenna unit and phase adjusting module, a plurality of correlator, a plurality of subtracter and a signal synthesizer; Utilize the SUMPLE composition algorithm when said space junk accurate measurement module and carry out signal when synthetic; Each time delay and phase adjusting module are all carried out time delay and phase place adjustment for the digital signal that receives from corresponding A/D converter; And adjusted signal is sent to signal synthesizer, and to carry out signal synthetic, thus signal synthesizer output composite signal, simultaneously with composite signal as a reference signal output to said a plurality of subtracter; Simultaneously, adjusted signal is sent to said a plurality of subtracter, thereby obtain a plurality of differences of reference signal and the adjusted signal in every road; Make the adjusted signal in every road and each difference carry out simple crosscorrelation respectively through correlator, obtain the time delay in next moment and the adjusted value of phase place.
The distribution optimization of the antenna element of antenna array and beam-forming method
Because the ground radar is a thinned array, the wave beam of transmitting-receiving battle array is easy to generate bigger secondary lobe, need the distribution and the beam shaping of unit be optimized.The phase error that is caused by atmospheric wave will increase with the increase of distance between the unit, and (＜1km) phase fluctuation is correlated with in short distance.Therefore,, satisfying under the condition of not blocking mutually the position distribution of the antenna element compactness of should trying one's best in order to obtain the synthetic performance of optimum signal.And on the other hand, the angular resolution of antenna array is directly related with the spacing between the unit, and the big more resolution of spacing is then high more, and the detection accuracy of space junk is then high more.Distribution is optimized to antenna so need take all factors into consideration.
The wave beam of antenna array not only distributes with cell position has direct relation, can also be optimized through adjustment signal weighting value.
Space junk general survey and accurate measurement pattern and algorithm
Because launching antenna array is transmeridional one dimension antenna array, its wave beam is fan-shaped that thing is narrow, north and south is wide, and the receiving antenna wave beam is as shown in Figure 3 near a circle.When space junk was carried out general survey, receiving antenna array adopted beam scanning or receives the signal parallel tupe.Scan pattern be wave beam with receiving antenna array along the launching beam fast moving, utilize real-time composite signal that target is surveyed.Parallel processing mode is that the wave beam of receiving antenna array is in one line according to pattern shown in Figure 3, and parallel generation multichannel composite signal carries out target detection to each road composite signal simultaneously.
When space junk was accurately tested, receiving antenna array adopted the SUMPLE composition algorithm or on the basis of Modified MUSIC direction finding, carries out signal and synthesize.According to the relevant time delay that obtains and the accurate direction of phase difference calculating space junk; Carry out relevantly to composite signal with transmitting, space junk is found range and Doppler range rate measurement.Simultaneously, the track of space junk is predicted that the digital beam during the control emission forms module and realizes target is followed the tracks of.
For enlarging observation and following range, each antenna has the mechanical rotation function of two-freedom simultaneously.
The distribution optimization of the antenna element of antenna array and beam-forming method
For reducing the antenna array sidelobe level, transmit and receive array and all adopt non-uniform Distribution.Comprehensive various factors distributes to antenna array and is optimized, and can adopt genetic algorithm.
On the basis of antenna distribution optimization,, wave beam is further optimized through changing the restore one's right value factor of each antenna digital beam signal in the dual-mode antenna battle array.
The distribution optimization of the antenna element of antenna array and beam-forming method mainly adopt emulation mode to verify.
The selection of the system that transmits and frequency
For improving the measuring accuracy and the antijamming capability of system, the present invention will adopt the carrier (boc) modulated signals of pseudo-code spread spectrum.Use the pseudo-code spread-spectrum modulation technique, can make system of the present invention obtain more performance at anti-interference, when accurately surveying and aspect such as range finding.
System of the present invention will adopt two kinds of pseudo-random codes, and a kind of bigness scale distance that is used for is regarded as thick sign indicating number; A kind ofly in addition be used for precise distance measurement, be regarded as smart sign indicating number.The code check of thick sign indicating number, smart sign indicating number can be about 1Mbps and 10Mbps respectively.
Frequency of operation is one of most important parameter of ground space junk radar.Radar maximum detectable range and measuring accuracy improve with the rising of look-in frequency.From the scattering area (RCS) of space junk and the relation of frequency, be the space junk of 10cm for equivalent diameter, when frequency during greater than 1GHz, its RCS is very little with the variation fluctuation of frequency, can be similar to think constant.And the too high observation visual angle that can reduce radar of frequency, the general survey efficient of reduction space junk, atmospheric attenuation also has certain restrictive function to the selection of frequency simultaneously.
Space junk detection system of the present invention is less to the restriction of frequency, and according to different needs, carrier frequency can freely be chosen as frequency ranges such as UHF, L, S, C and X.
Preferably, the present invention will adopt the working method of two carrier frequency C1, C2.Using double frequency is to proofread and correct for the additional time delay that ionosphere is produced carries out double frequency.Each carrier frequency C1, C2 can select the arbitrary frequency range in UHF, L, S, C and X frequency range.Preferably, the frequency of carrier frequency C1, C2 is apart from should be big (should greater than 100MHz), and it is better that then the result is corrected in ionosphere.
Technical Analysis of the present invention
The main gordian technique of the present invention is antenna uplink group battle array technology and downgoing signal synthetic technology.
Antenna uplink group battle array technical Analysis
The time delay of each antenna digital beam signal of the present invention and phase place need very high alignment accuracy, otherwise can reduce the signal power density on the surface of space junk.But the adjustment of the phase place of each uplink signal must be accomplished on ground.This adjustment need be considered the instability that caused by the up-link electronic equipment, and the troposphere changes the interference that causes.So antenna uplink group battle array technology is the gordian technique that influences system
Antenna uplink group battle array technology successful Application in survey of deep space.Can't utilize the detector forward signal to carry out real-time phase place correction to transmitting owing to the remote long time delay of deep space communication; So can only utilize prior measurement to carry out phase correction, but prove that through a large amount of research and experiment up group of battle array has higher performance.
Compare with survey of deep space; Because detection range is short; Upward signal utilizes the phase differential between each receiving antenna to carry out the phase place correction to transmitting in real time behind reflection objects such as space junk or satellite, thereby the uplink antenna group battle array of space junk radar more is prone to realize than survey of deep space.
The downgoing signal synthetic technology is analyzed
The signal of space junk reflection is generally very faint, need synthesize the signal of each antenna just can carry out identification of targets and further handle, so the synthetic technology of feeble signal is another gordian technique of the present invention.
The aerial signal synthetic technology successfully is used for the Data Receiving task of survey of deep space, and becomes the developing direction of U.S.'s deep space net (DSN).DSN had built up first entire spectrum group array 1 system in 1996, was used for supporting the Galileo task.Calendar year 2001, this puts into operation the second cover entire spectrum group array 1 system at gold.It is the follow-up system of Galileo task, is called entire spectrum battle array (FSPA) system.Relevant and complex functionality uses field programmable gate array (FPGA) technology, is undertaken by hardware real-time.
At present, building and the antenna array planning to build mainly contains a square kilometre battle array, Allan telescope, DSN large-sized array and up-link battle array.The DSN large-sized array is the group battle array that the JPL research miniature antenna that to adopt hundreds of diameters be 6～15m carries out.It will be that the prototype system of 2 times of 70m antenna apertures begins from total bore, in following 10 to 15 years, realize the final system of imagination, 100 times of under the condition of fund permission, can make prototype.In this system, each antenna radio-frequency signal downconverts to 0.5～1GHz, and delivers to the center processing district through optical fiber link.
Detectivity analysis based on the technological space junk ground radar of antenna array
In order to verify said detectivity based on the technological space junk ground radar of antenna array; As an example; Select 10,20 or 50 surface antennas as the emission battle array, antenna aperture is 5 or 10 meters, and the antenna of 100 identical bores is as receiving battle array; To analyzing based on the detectivity of the technological space junk ground radar of antenna array, the result is as shown in table 1.Can find out that when the emitting antenna bore is 5 meters, number of transmission antennas is 10, when emissive power is 10kW, can realize 10cm diameter space fragment is reached farthest the detection range of 1208.0km; When the emitting antenna bore is 10 meters, number of transmission antennas is 20, when emissive power is 10kW, can realize 1cm diameter space fragment is reached farthest the detection range of 1080.5km.Explanation can obtain very high detection performance with lower single-antenna transmission power based on the space junk ground radar system of antenna array technology.
Table 1 is based on the performance evaluation of the space junk ground radar of antenna array technology
More than combine accompanying drawing that the present invention is described in detail; But it is pointed out that to be merely the preferred embodiments of the present invention described in the instructions, be not limited to the present invention; For a person skilled in the art, the present invention can have various changes and variation.All within spirit of the present invention and principle, any modification of being done, be equal to replacement, improvement etc., all should be included within the claim scope of the present invention.
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