CN101980048A - Antenna array forming technology-based ground-based radar system for space debris - Google Patents
Antenna array forming technology-based ground-based radar system for space debris Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides an antenna array forming technology-based ground-based radar system for space debris, which comprises a signal emitting part, a signal receiving part and a frequency and time unified signal board, wherein the signal emitting part comprises a signal generating source, a digital beam former, a phase synchronous circuit, a plurality of up-converters, a plurality of power amplifiers and an emitting antenna array; the emitting antenna array is a one-dimensional antenna array consisting of a plurality of emitting antennas along the east and west direction; each emitting antenna is used for emitting a signal amplified by a corresponding power amplifier to the space debris; the signal receiving part comprises a receiving antenna array, a plurality of low noise amplifiers, a plurality of down-converters, a plurality of analog-to-digital converters, a space debris accurate measurement module, a space debris common measurement module and a data postprocessing interaction module; and the receiving antenna array is a two-dimensional antenna array consisting of a plurality of receiving antennas arranged according to a plane, and is used for receiving signals reflected by the space debris.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to field of space technology, relate in particular to space junk ground based detection technology.
Background technology
From nineteen fifty-seven the first in the world artificial satellite emission so far, mankind's space-ward have launched nearly 6000 spacecrafts.At present, the Earth's orbit target that is surpassed 10cm by the customary diameter of following the tracks of surpasses 10000, and wherein only having an appointment 6% is useful load, and all the other are space junk entirely.Space junk is the product of human space operation, comprising fragment that injection thing, the discards in carrying out the space mission process, the collision between the space object of the rocket rocket body of finishing the work and satellite body, rocket produce etc., is the primary pollution source of space environment.The existence of space junk is seriously threatening the safety of spacecraft in orbit, the impact energy of they and spacecraft directly changes the surface property of spacecraft, cause surface device damage, cause the Space Vehicle System fault, the normal operation of spacecraft is brought great harm.
Frequent day by day along with solar-system operation, the space has become the field of country and interest group's sharp fight, and space weaponization is the inevitable outcome of this field contention.For the threat of reply, must carry out comprehensive monitoring to all extraterrestrial targets that comprise space junk from space.
Measurement to space junk is divided into ground measurement and space-based measurement.Current, Small and Medium Sized (less than 10cm) space junk is mainly measured with space-based, and large scale space junk (greater than 10cm) then relies on the ground measuring method.Ground is measured and is divided into ground radar detection and ground optical detection again.Optical detection is the background dark on high, and target is subjected to carrying out under the condition of solar light irradiation, and is subjected to the constraint of meteorological condition, and the visual field is less, and the angle measurement ability is only arranged; Radar is as active probe equipment, and the spatial domain that may observe is big has all weather operations advantage, be in the main mode surveyed of low rail space junk.
Statistics to the space junk detection data shows, size all appears at orbit altitude about 900km greater than the distribution density peak value of 1cm space junk, this class fragment is the most serious to the threat of spacecraft flight safety, and the size of these fragments and orbit altitude are also just in size and distance range that the ground radar can be surveyed simultaneously.Present technology is mainly carried out tracking and monitoring to the fragment of diameter more than 10 centimetres, has only the U.S. and Russia to have the ability it is all monitored in the world.Therefore, the ground radar detection of research space junk---especially the space junk of diameter 1 to 10 cm size---has important use and is worth and realistic meaning.
Provide special-purpose ground radar fragment detecting devices in order further to study the space junk Detection Techniques, the present invention proposes, attach most importance to low earth zone, the main equipment that construction is made up of optical telescope and precision tracking radar, with the preliminary ground monitoring net of the common formation of other cooperative equipment, begin to take shape the detectivity of 10cm Low Earth Orbit space junk.According to above-mentioned target,, carry out the research of novel ground The radar exploration technique with advancing the ground radar detection of space junk.
Large Phased Array Radar, fence and big machinery tracking radar etc. are mainly adopted in the observation of at present external space junk, multiple goal general survey that these equipment all need very high radio-frequency emission power and higher construction and maintenance cost, and are difficult to implementation space fragment simultaneously---especially the space junk of diameter 1 to 10 cm size---and/or accurate station-keeping ability.
Summary of the invention
Be difficult to the multiple goal general survey of implementation space fragment simultaneously and/or accurate location at existing space fragment tradition ground radar, and need very high radio-frequency emission power and the higher construction and the shortcoming of maintenance cost.The present invention proposes a kind of new space junk ground radar detection scheme based on the antenna array technology.
The present invention receives two big systems by signal emission and signal and forms.Based on the reception of the space junk radar system of antenna array and the mode that emitting antenna all adopts a large amount of medium and small antenna arrays.In order to improve the general survey efficient of space junk, emitting antenna adopts the one dimension antenna array of east-west direction distribution, and this distribution mode has guaranteed to transmit and had the wave beam that north and south is wide, thing is narrow.Receiving antenna adopts the planar antenna array of sub-circular, and emitting antenna can be used as receiving antenna simultaneously and carries out Data Receiving.Certainly, the planar antenna array that receiving antenna array can have any shape, the planar antenna array of sub-circular is most preferred.For enlarging the hunting zone, all antenna elements all have the mechanical scanning function.
The mode of antenna array is adopted in signal emission of the present invention.Utilize before the emission of each antenna digital beam signal frequency and the time frequency marking that provides of system module and phase locking circuit realize phase place synchronously, forms the phase value that device provides each signal demand adjustment by digital beam.That is, digital beam forms device and is calculated as the phase place of needed each antenna of antenna array wave beam that forms expection and the weighted value of amplitude, thus each the antenna digital beam signal that obtains expecting.Phase locking circuit realization phase-locking need be proofreaied and correct the phase differential between each antenna digital beam signal, and phase correction adopts and proofreaies and correct the method that combines with correction in real time in advance.Proofread and correct the satellite mainly utilize known accurate track or stronger radio source as signal source in advance, measure the time delay and the phase differential of each antenna, determine the exact position of antenna by signal correction.Timing is selected the signal source of different directions as far as possible, wants the inconsistent error that causes of compensating signal source frequency and radar frequency simultaneously.Because the lobe broad of individual antenna, the real-time correction of phase place can utilize can observe known accurate track satellite or than the reflected signal of large space fragment as beacon, by the synthetic SUMPLE related algorithm calculating phase differential each other of signal, real-time proofreaies and correct each antenna digital beam signal.For proofread and correct experiment in advance, system does not transmit, and adopts the stronger Syncom of signal as signal source antenna time delay and phase differential to be measured.
Signal of the present invention receives the mode that adopts antenna array.The space junk reflected signal that each antenna receives utilizes the antenna array technology that signal is synthesized after power amplification, down coversion and mould/number conversion, the general survey and/or the accurate measurement of the mode implementation space fragment that combines by range finding and angle measurement.The data of antenna array are synthetic to adopt three kinds of methods, and the one, directly utilize digital beam formation technology to determine time delay and phase differential between antenna, the signal of specific direction is received.The 2nd, determine time delay and phase differential by the method for signal correction, synthesize again after the signal alignment, what this method was most widely used is the SUMPLE algorithm.The 3rd, by the arrival direction of MUSIC direction-finding method picked up signal, so in that to utilize digital beam formation technology to carry out signal more synthetic.Above-mentioned three kinds of methods respectively have relative merits, first method is a kind of blind detection method, promptly utilize known aerial position and observed ray, realize the time delay and the phase place adjustment of signal and carry out signal synthetic by Calculation Method, the method does not need to carry out related operation, calculated amount is minimum, but need scan or concurrent operation just can realize detection to signal.Second method needs the individual correlator of N (antenna receives the receiving antenna unit number in the battle array), time delay and phase differential between each antenna digital beam signal of acquisition that can be real-time when utilizing the SUMPLE related algorithm.The third method can degree of precision the arrival direction of estimation multiple signals, but need the autocorrelation matrix of computing array signal, the calculated amount maximum.The present invention is directed to the different observation mode of space junk and select corresponding method, general survey model selection first method, accurate measurement model selection second method or the third method, wherein preferred second method.
Beneficial effect of the present invention: the space junk ground radar based on the antenna array technology that the present invention proposes has multiple goal general survey and/or accurate station-keeping ability simultaneously; Compare with the single antenna radar with traditional phased-array radar, have higher detection accuracy (especially can survey the space junk of 1 to 10 centimetre of diameter), greater flexibility and easily extendability, lower single-antenna transmission power and lower construction and maintenance cost.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the space junk ground radar system structural representation that the present invention is based on antenna array;
Fig. 2 is the reception/launching antenna array synoptic diagram that the present invention is based on the space junk ground radar system of antenna array;
Fig. 3 is a space junk general survey antenna array wave beam synoptic diagram of the present invention;
Fig. 4 is the SUMPLE signal synthesis system synoptic diagram in the space junk accurate measurement module of the present invention.
Embodiment
Describe each related detailed problem in the technical solution of the present invention in detail below in conjunction with accompanying drawing.Be to be noted that described embodiment only is intended to be convenient to the understanding of the present invention, and it is not played any qualification effect.
Fig. 1 is the space junk ground radar system structural representation that the present invention is based on antenna array.Radar system comprises that signal emission and signal receive the two large divisions.Signal emission part forms device, phase locking circuit, upconverter, power amplifier and launching antenna array etc. by signal generating source, digital beam and forms.Signal receive section is made up of receiving antenna array, isolator, LNA (low noise amplifier), low-converter, ADC (A/D converter), space junk accurate measurement module, space junk general survey module and Data Post interactive module etc.Wherein, signal emission and signal receive two large divisions's shared frequency and the time module of uniting.
As shown in Figure 1, described signal emission part comprises: signal generating source is used to produce signal; Digital beam forms device, is used to be calculated as the phase place of needed each antenna of antenna array wave beam that forms expection and the weighted value of amplitude, thus each the antenna digital beam signal that obtains expecting; Phase locking circuit, thereby the digital beam phase difference between signals of described each antenna is proofreaied and correct to obtain the phase-locking that calibrated signal makes signal, and these phase differential are to be caused by the inconsistent of performance, cable length and electromagnetic wave transmission path of hardware device usually; It is high-frequency signal that a plurality of upconverter, each upconverter all are used to make calibrated signal frequency conversion; A plurality of power amplifiers, each power amplifier all carries out power amplification to resulting high-frequency signal; And launching antenna array, it is the one dimension antenna array that a plurality of transmission antenna unit distribute along east-west direction, each transmission antenna unit all is used for and will be transmitted into space junk through corresponding power amplifier amplifying signal.Signal receive section comprises: receiving antenna array, and it is the two-dimensional antenna battle array of a plurality of receiving antennas unit by planar alignment, is used to receive the signal of space junk reflected back; A plurality of low noise amplifiers, each low noise amplifier all are used to amplify the signal that corresponding receiving antenna unit receives; A plurality of low-converters, each low-converter all are used for and will down-convert to intermediate-freuqncy signal through corresponding low noise amplifier amplifying signal; A plurality of A/D converters, each A/D converter all are used for the intermediate-freuqncy signal that the low-converter from correspondence obtains is converted to digital signal; Space junk accurate measurement module, adopt the SUMPLE composition algorithm or on the basis of Modified MUSIC direction finding, the digital signal that obtains from a plurality of A/D converters is carried out signal synthetic obtaining the multichannel composite signal, and utilize the multichannel composite signal that is obtained to carry out multiple target tracking, accurately survey rail; Space junk general survey module, digital beam forms and signal is synthetic handles with acquisition multichannel composite signal to carrying out from the digital signal of a plurality of A/D converters acquisitions, and the multichannel composite signal that utilization is obtained carries out multiple goal Doppler range rate measurement, angle measurement; And the Data Post interactive module, be used for the data of space junk general survey module and/or space junk accurate measurement module output are carried out aftertreatment and carried out alternately with equipment beyond the described ground radar system.Frequency and time system module provide frequency marking and temporal information for described phase locking circuit, described upconverter, described low-converter and described A/D converter, before each transmission antenna unit transmits and after each receiving antenna unit received signal, utilize frequency marking that frequency and time system module provide and phase locking circuit realize signal phase synchronously.
It should be appreciated by those skilled in the art that as required ground radar system of the present invention can only comprise space junk general survey module or space junk accurate measurement module, also can comprise these two.When not carrying out the space junk general survey, transmission antenna unit needn't be arranged as the one dimension antenna array that distributes along east-west direction, and can be the antenna array of other direction and shape.And, a lot of modules in described signal emission part and the signal receive section can be replaced or be omitted, and for example, signal generating source can form device with digital beam and form a digital beam signal source takes place, perhaps as required or actual conditions, can omit low noise amplifier.And, frequency and time system module can only provide frequency marking and temporal information for a certain or several devices in described phase locking circuit, described upconverter, described low-converter and the described A/D converter, promptly, when the local oscillator of some device has sufficiently high frequency stability, need not provide frequency marking and temporal information for these devices.
Also show isolator among Fig. 1, when transmission antenna unit also was used as the receiving antenna unit, isolator was used to open sending to the signal of transmission antenna unit and Signal Spacing that transmission antenna unit receives.Certainly, isolator is also inessential, those skilled in the art will know that multiple mode makes the Signal Spacing of transmission antenna unit transmitting-receiving.
Native system receives and emitting antenna all adopts a large amount of middle miniature antennas (antenna aperture is 5 meters to 30 meters) to organize the mode of battle array, adopt the advantage of this technology to be: (1) is compared with the single antenna radar with traditional phased-array radar, can have bigger visual angle, very low single-antenna transmission power, better extensibility and lower construction and maintenance cost based on the ground radar of antenna array technology; (2) can improve detection range and the detectivity that strengthens little space junk greatly; (3) adopt in miniature antenna compare with big antenna, have more performance, stronger work robustness, lower expenditure of construction and better plan dirigibility; (4) have wideer lobe, be easy to realize simultaneously the multiple goal general survey of space junk and/or accurate station-keeping ability.
The emissive power of supposing each emitting antenna is P
s,, be that the signal power that the unit area at d place receives is apart from antenna array then perpendicular to transmit direction
In the formula, N is the antenna element quantity of launching antenna array, and G is an antenna gain.As can be seen from the above equation, the received power of signal and number of transmission antennas N square are directly proportional, so adopt up launching antenna array, can reduce single-antenna transmission power greatly, and can greatly improve detection range and strengthen the detectivity of little space junk.
Fig. 2 is the space junk ground radar transmit-receive antenna battle array synoptic diagram that the present invention is based on antenna array.Among the figure, the one dimension antenna array that emitting antenna adopts east-west direction to distribute, receiving antenna array can be the planar antenna array of arbitrary shape, is preferably the planar antenna array of sub-circular, emitting antenna can be used as receiving antenna simultaneously and carries out Data Receiving.Described a plurality of emitting antenna is used to receive the signal of space junk reflected back also as the part of described a plurality of receiving antennas.Fig. 2 only is a synoptic diagram, and the concrete layout of antenna array is not limited by this figure.
Antenna uplink group battle array technology and antenna element method for correcting phase
Because up battle array is a thinned array, realize the in the same way stack of each antenna digital beam signal in the far-field region, time delay and phase accuracy during to emission have very high requirement.
At present, antenna uplink group battle array technology is mainly used in the survey of deep space up-link, can't utilize the detector forward signal to carry out real-time phase place correction to transmitting owing to the remote long time delay of deep space communication, so can only utilize prior measurement to carry out phase correction, but prove that through a large amount of research up group of battle array has higher performance.
Compare with survey of deep space, the uplink antenna group battle array of space junk radar has bigger practical advantages.Because detection range is short, upward signal is after the reflection of objects such as space junk or satellite, and that utilizes that phase differential between each receiving antenna can be real-time carries out the phase place correction to transmitting.
Utilize before the emission of each antenna digital beam signal frequency and the time frequency marking that provides of system module and phase locking circuit realize phase place synchronously, forms the phase value that device provides each signal demand adjustment by digital beam.Wherein, frequency and time system module are utilized the very high hydrogen clock equipment of stability, for frequency converter and capture card (ADC) provide frequency standard.
Phase correction adopts in advance and proofreaies and correct, proofreaies and correct in real time or proofread and correct in advance and proofread and correct in real time the method that combines.Proofread and correct the satellite mainly utilize known accurate track or stronger radio source as signal source in advance, measure the time delay and the phase differential of each antenna, measure the exact position of determining antenna through repeatedly (being generally more than ten times) by signal correction.Timing is selected the signal source of different directions as far as possible, wants the inconsistent error that causes of compensating signal source frequency and radar frequency simultaneously.
Because the lobe broad of individual antenna, the real-time correction of phase place can utilize can observe known accurate track satellite or than the reflected signal of large space fragment as beacon, by the synthetic SUMPLE related algorithm calculating phase differential each other of signal, in real time each antenna digital beam signal is proofreaied and correct.
For proofread and correct experiment in advance, system does not transmit, and adopts the stronger Syncom of signal as signal source antenna time delay and phase differential to be measured.
Antenna array data receiving system signal synthesis method
Because the reflected signal of the space junk that single antenna receives is very faint, need the signal of each unit in the receiving antenna array be synthesized.
Take all factors into consideration the relative merits of various synthetic methods, in the accurate measurement of space junk, select the SUMPLE composition algorithm as antenna array Data Receiving synthetic method, Modified MUSIC is as assisted synthesizing method.In addition, it all is well known by persons skilled in the art carrying out signal synthetic on the basis of Modified MUSIC direction finding, will omit detailed description thereof at this.
Antenna array SUMPLE signal synthesis system synoptic diagram as shown in Figure 4.The intermediate-freuqncy signal that each antenna receives is after sampling, obtain time delay, phase differential and weighting amplitude by digital correlator, after each way word signal carried out time delay, phase place adjustment and amplitude weighting, obtain composite signal and be sent to receiver and carry out subsequent treatment such as demodulation via signal synthesizer.Wherein, the phase difference estimation of signal adopts the SUMPLE related algorithm.SUMPLE signal synthesis system shown in Fig. 4 is the part of the space junk accurate measurement module of Fig. 1, and space junk accurate measurement module can comprise that one or more signal synthesizers obtain multichannel composite signal (when multichannel is followed the tracks of).Among Fig. 4, it is synthetic that the signal that each signal synthesizer receives all antenna receiving elements carries out signal.Particularly, space junk accurate measurement module also comprises respectively and corresponding a plurality of time delays in each receiving antenna unit and phase adjusting module, a plurality of correlators, a plurality of subtracters and a signal synthesizer, utilize the SUMPLE composition algorithm when described space junk accurate measurement module and carry out signal when synthetic, each time delay and phase adjusting module are all carried out time delay and phase place adjustment for the digital signal that receives from corresponding A/D converter, and adjusted signal is sent to signal synthesizer, and to carry out signal synthetic, thereby signal synthesizer output composite signal outputs to described a plurality of subtracter with composite signal as the reference signal simultaneously; Simultaneously, adjusted signal is sent to described a plurality of subtracter, thereby obtain a plurality of differences of reference signal and the adjusted signal in every road; Make the adjusted signal in every road and each difference carry out simple crosscorrelation respectively by correlator, obtain the time delay in next moment and the adjusted value of phase place.
The distribution optimization of the antenna element of antenna array and beam-forming method
Because the ground radar is a thinned array, the wave beam of transmitting-receiving battle array is easy to generate bigger secondary lobe, need the distribution and the beam shaping of unit be optimized.The phase error that is caused by atmospheric wave will increase with the increase of distance between the unit, and (＜1km) phase fluctuation is correlated with in short distance.Therefore,, satisfying under the condition of not blocking mutually the position distribution of the antenna element compactness of should trying one's best in order to obtain the synthetic performance of optimum signal.And on the other hand, the angular resolution of antenna array is directly related with the spacing between the unit, and the big more resolution of spacing is then high more, and the detection accuracy of space junk is then high more.Distribution is optimized to antenna so need take all factors into consideration.
The wave beam of antenna array not only distributes with cell position direct relation, can also be optimized by adjusting the signal weighting value.
Space junk general survey and accurate measurement pattern and algorithm
Because launching antenna array is transmeridional one dimension antenna array, its wave beam is fan-shaped that thing is narrow, north and south is wide, and the receiving antenna wave beam is near a circle, as shown in Figure 3.When space junk was carried out general survey, receiving antenna array adopted beam scanning or received signal parallel processing mode.Scan pattern be wave beam with receiving antenna array along the launching beam fast moving, utilize real-time composite signal that target is surveyed.Parallel processing mode is that the wave beam of receiving antenna array is in one line according to pattern shown in Figure 3, and parallel generation multichannel composite signal carries out target detection to each road composite signal simultaneously.
When space junk was accurately tested, receiving antenna array adopted the SUMPLE composition algorithm or carries out signal and synthesize on the basis of Modified MUSIC direction finding.According to the relevant time delay that obtains and the accurate direction of phase difference calculating space junk; Carry out relevantly to composite signal with transmitting, space junk is found range and Doppler range rate measurement.Simultaneously, the track of space junk is predicted that the digital beam during the control emission forms module and realizes target is followed the tracks of.
For enlarging observation and following range, each antenna has the mechanical rotation function of two-freedom simultaneously.
The distribution optimization of the antenna element of antenna array and beam-forming method
For reducing the antenna array sidelobe level, transmit and receive array and all adopt non-uniform Distribution.Comprehensive various factors distributes to antenna array and is optimized, and can adopt genetic algorithm.
On the basis of antenna distribution optimization,, wave beam is further optimized by changing the restore one's right value factor of each antenna digital beam signal in the dual-mode antenna battle array.
The distribution optimization of the antenna element of antenna array and beam-forming method mainly adopt emulation mode to verify.
The selection of the system that transmits and frequency
For improving the measuring accuracy and the antijamming capability of system, the present invention will adopt the carrier (boc) modulated signals of pseudo-code spread spectrum.Use the pseudo-code spread-spectrum modulation technique, can make system of the present invention obtain more performance at anti-interference, when accurately surveying and aspect such as range finding.
System of the present invention will adopt two kinds of pseudo-random codes, and a kind of bigness scale distance that is used for is considered as thick sign indicating number; Another is used for precise distance measurement, is considered as smart sign indicating number.The code check of thick sign indicating number, smart sign indicating number can be about 1Mbps and 10Mbps respectively.
Frequency of operation is one of most important parameter of ground space junk radar.Radar maximum detectable range and measuring accuracy improve with the rising of look-in frequency.From the scattering area (RCS) of space junk and the relation of frequency, be the space junk of 10cm for equivalent diameter, when frequency during greater than 1GHz, its RCS is very little with the variation fluctuation of frequency, can be similar to think constant.And the too high observation visual angle that can reduce radar of frequency, the general survey efficient of reduction space junk, atmospheric attenuation also has certain restrictive function to the selection of frequency simultaneously.
Space junk detection system of the present invention is less to the restriction of frequency, and according to different needs, carrier frequency can freely be chosen as frequency ranges such as UHF, L, S, C and X.
Preferably, the present invention will adopt the working method of two carrier frequency C1, C2.Using double frequency is to proofread and correct for the additional time delay that ionosphere is produced carries out double frequency.Each carrier frequency C1, C2 can select the arbitrary frequency range in UHF, L, S, C and X frequency range.Preferably, the frequency of carrier frequency C1, C2 is apart from should be big (should greater than 100MHz), and it is better that then the result is corrected in ionosphere.
The technology of the present invention is analyzed
The main gordian technique of the present invention is antenna uplink group battle array technology and downgoing signal synthetic technology.
Antenna uplink group battle array technical Analysis
The time delay of each antenna digital beam signal of the present invention and phase place need very high alignment accuracy, otherwise can reduce the signal power density on the surface of space junk.But the phase place adjustment of each uplink signal must be finished on ground.This adjustment need be considered the instability that caused by the up-link electronic equipment, and the troposphere changes the interference that causes.So antenna uplink group battle array technology is the gordian technique that influences system
Antenna uplink group battle array technology successful Application in survey of deep space.Can't utilize the detector forward signal to carry out real-time phase place correction to transmitting owing to the remote long time delay of deep space communication, so can only utilize prior measurement to carry out phase correction, but prove that through a large amount of research and experiment up group of battle array has higher performance.
Compare with survey of deep space, because detection range is short, upward signal utilize the phase differential between each receiving antenna to carry out the phase place correction to transmitting in real time, thereby the uplink antenna group battle array of space junk radar is than the easier realization of survey of deep space after the reflection of objects such as space junk or satellite.
The downgoing signal synthetic technology is analyzed
The signal of space junk reflection is generally very faint, need synthesize the signal of each antenna and just can carry out identification of targets and further processing, so the synthetic technology of feeble signal is another gordian technique of the present invention.
The aerial signal synthetic technology successfully is used for the Data Receiving task of survey of deep space, and becomes the developing direction of U.S.'s deep space net (DSN).DSN had built up first entire spectrum group array 1 system in 1996, was used for supporting the Galileo task.Calendar year 2001, this puts into operation the second cover entire spectrum group array 1 system at gold.It is the follow-up system of Galileo task, is called entire spectrum battle array (FSPA) system.Relevant and complex functionality uses field programmable gate array (FPGA) technology, is carried out in real time by hardware.
At present, building and the antenna array planning to build mainly contains a square kilometre battle array, Allan telescope, DSN large-sized array and up-link battle array.The DSN large-sized array is the group battle array that the JPL research miniature antenna that to adopt hundreds of diameters be 6～15m carries out.It will be the prototype system of 2 times of 70m antenna apertures from total bore, realize the final system of imagination in following 10 to 15 years, 100 times of can make prototype under the condition of fund permission.In this system, each antenna radio-frequency signal downconverts to 0.5～1GHz, and delivers to the center processing district through optical fiber link.
Detectivity analysis based on the space junk ground radar of antenna array technology
In order to verify the detectivity of described space junk ground radar based on the antenna array technology, as an example, select 10,20 or 50 surface antennas as the emission battle array, antenna aperture is 5 or 10 meters, the antenna of 100 identical bores is as receiving battle array, detectivity based on the space junk ground radar of antenna array technology is analyzed, and the result is as shown in table 1.As can be seen, when the emitting antenna bore is 5 meters, number of transmission antennas is 10, when emissive power is 10kW, can realize 10cm diameter space fragment is reached farthest the detection range of 1208.0km; When the emitting antenna bore is 10 meters, number of transmission antennas is 20, when emissive power is 10kW, can realize 1cm diameter space fragment is reached farthest the detection range of 1080.5km.Explanation can obtain very high detection performance with lower single-antenna transmission power based on the space junk ground radar system of antenna array technology.
Table 1 is based on the performance evaluation of the space junk ground radar of antenna array technology
Below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings the present invention is described in detail, but it is pointed out that only to be the preferred embodiments of the present invention described in the instructions, be not limited to the present invention, for a person skilled in the art, the present invention can have various changes and variation.Within the spirit and principles in the present invention all, any modification of being done, be equal to replacement, improvement etc., all should be included within the claim scope of the present invention.
Claims (17)
1. space junk ground radar system based on antenna array comprises:
Signal emission part, it comprises launching antenna array, and this launching antenna array is the one dimension antenna array that a plurality of transmission antenna unit distribute along east-west direction, and this signal emission part is transmitted into space junk with signal by this launching antenna array; And
Signal receive section, it comprises receiving antenna array, and this receiving antenna array is the two-dimensional antenna battle array of a plurality of receiving antennas unit by planar alignment, and this signal receive section receives the signal of space junk reflected back by this receiving antenna array and carries out signal and synthesize,
Wherein, described signal receive section also comprises space junk general survey module, its signal that described signal receive section is received carries out digital beam formation and signal synthesizes processing with acquisition multichannel composite signal, and utilizes the multichannel composite signal that is obtained to carry out multiple goal Doppler range rate measurement, angle measurement.
2. space junk ground radar system according to claim 1, wherein said signal receive section also comprises space junk accurate measurement module, it adopts the SUMPLE composition algorithm or on the basis of Modified MUSIC direction finding the signal of space junk reflected back is synthesized obtaining the multichannel composite signal, and utilizes the multichannel composite signal that is obtained to carry out multiple target tracking, accurately survey rail.
3. space junk ground radar system according to claim 1 and 2, wherein said signal emission part also comprises:
Signal generating source is used to produce signal;
Digital beam forms device, is used to be calculated as the phase place of needed each antenna of antenna array wave beam that forms expection and the weighted value of amplitude, thus each the antenna digital beam signal that obtains expecting;
Phase locking circuit, thus the phase differential between described each antenna digital beam signal is proofreaied and correct to obtain the phase-locking that calibrated signal makes signal;
It is high-frequency signal that a plurality of upconverter, each upconverter all are used to make calibrated signal frequency conversion; And
A plurality of power amplifiers, each power amplifier all carry out power amplification and will be provided to each transmission antenna unit through the signal of power amplification resulting high-frequency signal.
4. space junk ground radar system according to claim 1 and 2, wherein said signal receive section comprises:
A plurality of low noise amplifiers, each low noise amplifier all are used to amplify the signal that corresponding receiving antenna unit receives;
A plurality of low-converters, each low-converter all are used for and will down-convert to intermediate-freuqncy signal through corresponding low noise amplifier amplifying signal;
A plurality of A/D converters, each A/D converter all are used for the intermediate-freuqncy signal that the low-converter from correspondence obtains is converted to digital signal, and this digital signal is offered space junk general survey module and/or space junk accurate measurement module; And
The Data Post interactive module is used for the data of space junk general survey module and/or space junk accurate measurement module output are carried out aftertreatment and carried out alternately with equipment beyond the described ground radar system.
5. space junk ground radar system according to claim 1 and 2, wherein said signal receive section comprises frequency and time system module, it provides frequency marking and temporal information for described signal emission part and described signal receive section, before each transmission antenna unit transmits and after each receiving antenna unit received signal, utilize frequency marking that frequency and time system module provide and phase locking circuit realize signal phase synchronously.
6. space junk ground radar system according to claim 1 and 2, wherein receiving antenna array is the planar antenna array of sub-circular.
7. space junk ground radar system according to claim 1 and 2, wherein said a plurality of transmission antenna unit are used to receive the signal of space junk reflected back also as the part of described a plurality of receiving antennas unit.
8. space junk ground radar system according to claim 4, wherein space junk accurate measurement module also comprises respectively and corresponding a plurality of time delays in each receiving antenna unit and phase adjusting module, a plurality of correlators, a plurality of subtracters and a signal synthesizer, utilize the SUMPLE composition algorithm when described space junk accurate measurement module and carry out signal when synthetic, each time delay and phase adjusting module are all carried out time delay and phase place adjustment for the digital signal that receives from corresponding A/D converter, and adjusted signal is sent to signal synthesizer, and to carry out signal synthetic, thereby signal synthesizer output composite signal outputs to described a plurality of subtracter with composite signal as the reference signal simultaneously; Simultaneously, adjusted signal is sent to described a plurality of subtracter, thereby obtain a plurality of differences of reference signal and the adjusted signal in every road; Make the adjusted signal in every road and each difference carry out simple crosscorrelation respectively by correlator, obtain the time delay in next moment and the adjusted value of phase place.
9. space junk ground radar system according to claim 3, wherein work as described phase locking circuit the phase differential between each antenna digital beam signal is carried out timing in advance, described space junk ground radar system utilizes the satellite of known accurate track or stronger radio source as signal source, measure the time delay and the phase differential of each antenna by signal correction, to determine the exact position of antenna.
10. space junk ground radar system according to claim 9, when described phase locking circuit carries out timing in advance to the phase differential between each antenna digital beam signal, described space junk ground radar system is selected the signal source of different directions as far as possible, simultaneously compensating signal source frequency and the inconsistent error that causes of described transmission antenna unit frequency.
11. space junk ground radar system according to claim 9, described space junk ground radar system is except proofread and correct the phase differential between described each antenna digital beam signal in advance, also described phase differential is proofreaied and correct in real time, when described phase locking circuit carries out real-time timing to the phase differential between the digital beam signal, the known accurate track that the utilization of described space junk ground radar system can observe satellite or than the reflected signal of large space fragment as beacon, by the SUMPLE composition algorithm calculating digital beam signal of space junk accurate measurement module and the phase differential between the described beacon, in real time each antenna digital beam signal is proofreaied and correct.
12. space junk ground radar system according to claim 5, wherein said frequency and time system module are hydrogen clock equipment.
13. space junk ground radar system according to claim 1 and 2, wherein said a plurality of transmission antenna unit and described a plurality of receiving antennas unit all have the mechanical rotation function of two-freedom.
14. space junk ground radar system according to claim 1 and 2, all right and wrong are equally distributed for wherein said a plurality of transmission antenna unit and described a plurality of receiving antennas unit.
15. space junk ground radar system according to claim 1 and 2, the carrier frequency of wherein said a plurality of transmission antenna unit is selected the arbitrary frequency range in UHF, L, S, C and X frequency range.
16. space junk ground radar system according to claim 1 and 2, wherein said a plurality of transmission antenna unit adopt two kinds of carrier frequencies respectively, and wherein each carrier frequency is selected the arbitrary frequency range in UHF, L, S, C and X frequency range.
17. space junk ground radar system according to claim 16, the frequency distance of wherein said two kinds of carrier frequencies is greater than 100MHz.
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