CN115011354A - Farmland soil conditioner and preparation method and application thereof - Google Patents
Farmland soil conditioner and preparation method and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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- slag powder
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- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 35
- 239000003516 soil conditioner Substances 0.000 title description 12
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 132
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 77
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 71
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 63
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 41
- 239000010902 straw Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 239000003607 modifier Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 230000000813 microbial effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 235000008733 Citrus aurantifolia Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 235000011941 Tilia x europaea Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 239000004571 lime Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000003415 peat Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 229960000892 attapulgite Drugs 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 229910052625 palygorskite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 9
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- 239000008107 starch Substances 0.000 claims description 65
- 235000019698 starch Nutrition 0.000 claims description 65
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 48
- UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron oxide Chemical compound [Fe]=O UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 36
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical compound O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 36
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 31
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 26
- 239000004115 Sodium Silicate Substances 0.000 claims description 25
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- 229910052911 sodium silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 25
- ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium oxide Chemical compound [Ca]=O ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 24
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- AXCZMVOFGPJBDE-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium dihydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Ca+2] AXCZMVOFGPJBDE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 6
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- 235000011116 calcium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
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- PKDBCJSWQUOKDO-UHFFFAOYSA-M 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].C1=CC=CC=C1C(N=[N+]1C=2C=CC=CC=2)=NN1C1=CC=CC=C1 PKDBCJSWQUOKDO-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
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- KMUONIBRACKNSN-UHFFFAOYSA-N potassium dichromate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-][Cr](=O)(=O)O[Cr]([O-])(=O)=O KMUONIBRACKNSN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- LWFUFLREGJMOIZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3,5-dinitrosalicylic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC([N+]([O-])=O)=CC([N+]([O-])=O)=C1O LWFUFLREGJMOIZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000186361 Actinobacteria <class> Species 0.000 description 1
- USFZMSVCRYTOJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium acetate Chemical compound N.CC(O)=O USFZMSVCRYTOJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005695 Ammonium acetate Substances 0.000 description 1
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical group [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 102000016938 Catalase Human genes 0.000 description 1
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- WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-GASJEMHNSA-N Glucose Natural products OC[C@H]1OC(O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-GASJEMHNSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000007696 Kjeldahl method Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 241001453382 Nitrosomonadales Species 0.000 description 1
- ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phenol Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC=C1 ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 102000004160 Phosphoric Monoester Hydrolases Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108090000608 Phosphoric Monoester Hydrolases Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101710184309 Probable sucrose-6-phosphate hydrolase Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 239000005708 Sodium hypochlorite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 102400000472 Sucrase Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 101710112652 Sucrose-6-phosphate hydrolase Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 108010046334 Urease Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 241000607479 Yersinia pestis Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940043376 ammonium acetate Drugs 0.000 description 1
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- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 1
- TYJOJLOWRIQYQM-UHFFFAOYSA-L disodium;phenyl phosphate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]P([O-])(=O)OC1=CC=CC=C1 TYJOJLOWRIQYQM-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000008103 glucose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001385 heavy metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000000713 high-energy ball milling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003864 humus Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002440 industrial waste Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000011073 invertase Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000003973 irrigation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002262 irrigation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000021049 nutrient content Nutrition 0.000 description 1
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- 238000007873 sieving Methods 0.000 description 1
- -1 sodium bicarbonate molybdenum antimony Chemical compound 0.000 description 1
- NESLWCLHZZISNB-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium phenolate Chemical compound [Na+].[O-]C1=CC=CC=C1 NESLWCLHZZISNB-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000002688 soil aggregate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 244000000000 soil microbiome Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000002195 synergetic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000002221 trityl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C([H])C([H])=C1C([*])(C1=C(C(=C(C(=C1[H])[H])[H])[H])[H])C1=C([H])C([H])=C([H])C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 1
- 235000013311 vegetables Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000009333 weeding Methods 0.000 description 1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K17/00—Soil-conditioning materials or soil-stabilising materials
- C09K17/40—Soil-conditioning materials or soil-stabilising materials containing mixtures of inorganic and organic compounds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05D—INORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C; FERTILISERS PRODUCING CARBON DIOXIDE
- C05D3/00—Calcareous fertilisers
- C05D3/02—Calcareous fertilisers from limestone, calcium carbonate, calcium hydrate, slaked lime, calcium oxide, waste calcium products
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/80—Soil conditioners
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K2101/00—Agricultural use
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K2109/00—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE pH regulation
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/20—Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions in agriculture, e.g. CO2
- Y02P60/21—Dinitrogen oxide [N2O], e.g. using aquaponics, hydroponics or efficiency measures
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Fertilizers (AREA)
- Soil Conditioners And Soil-Stabilizing Materials (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a modifier for farmland soil and a preparation method and application thereof, belonging to the technical field of agricultural soil conditioning. The modifier is prepared from the following raw materials in percentage by weight: 10-20% of slag powder, 10-15% of peat, 5-10% of straw biochar, 1-5% of potassium humate, 1-3% of alkaline lime, 3-5% of a composite water-retaining agent, 0.5-3.5% of an activated microbial agent and the balance of attapulgite, wherein the weight percentage is 100%. The invention takes blast furnace slag as a raw material, is assisted by a composite water-retaining agent, a microbial agent and the like, reduces the use of limestone, has convenient use and small application amount, can continuously and effectively regulate the physical and chemical properties of soil, improves the enzyme activity and increases the number of beneficial microorganisms. Greatly reduces the application cost of farmers, promotes the absorption and utilization of nutrient substances by crops, improves the planting efficiency, realizes the high-efficiency improvement of farmland soil while increasing the yield and the efficiency, and achieves two purposes at one stroke.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of agricultural soil conditioning, and particularly relates to a modifier for farmland soil, and a preparation method and application thereof.
Background
In recent years, the agricultural planting industry has developed rapidly. Crop food is in great demand, so that a great amount of fertilizer is applied to promote the growth of the crop food, and excessive fertilization causes a series of soil environment problems. Research shows that excessive fertilization and inconsistent nutrient application proportion are main factors which cause increasingly severe problems of soil acidification, hardening, salinization, soil microbial habitat damage and the like, and barrier factors of the soil are important factors for limiting the yield and the quality of grains. Therefore, how to effectively improve the soil quality to improve the soil productivity becomes a problem which needs to be solved urgently in the current vegetable planting.
Soil acidification refers to H in soil under natural and man-made conditions + And Al 3+ The phenomenon that the quantity is increased and the pH value of the soil is reduced is one of the manifestation forms of soil degradation. The pH value of most of acid soil is less than or equal to 5.5. The acidification of the soil can not only reduce the effectiveness of the fertilizer, but also improve Al in the soil 3+ And the activity of heavy metals, so that the activity of soil microorganisms is reduced, the yield of crops is reduced, the quality of the crops is reduced, and the sustainable development of agriculture is restricted.
The application of soil conditioners is one of the important measures to repair soil deterioration. The existing research shows that the soil conditioner can effectively improve physical, chemical and biological properties of soil and reduce the content of exchangeable aluminum in the soil. Currently, the improvement of acid-barrier soils is mainly achieved by applying the traditional soil conditioner quicklime.
The disadvantages of this method are mainly: if the quicklime is unevenly applied, the quicklime can directly contact plant spores to influence the rate of emergence or cannot emerge, and if the quicklime is directly contacted with plant roots, seedlings are burnt and roots are rotten; the solubility of quicklime is low, the mobility of the quicklime on a soil profile is slow, the soil hardening can be caused by applying the quicklime in a large amount or for a long time, and the crop yield reduction can be caused by the imbalance of elements such as calcium, potassium, magnesium and the like in the soil; excessive application of quicklime reduces the absolute soil moisture content, resulting in water shortage for plants, a phenomenon commonly known as lime "seedling burning"; in the initial stage of mixing quicklime into soil, the pH index of the soil can be rapidly increased, and the biological properties of the soil are destroyed.
The current commercial soil conditioner has the defects of unstable action effect, unsatisfactory regulation effect, single function, high price and the like, and greatly limits the practical application of the soil conditioner.
Therefore, how to develop an environment-friendly and efficient soil conditioner is a research hotspot in the technical field of soil conditioning at present, the soil conditioner can improve the physical and chemical properties of soil, regulate the biological properties of the soil, improve the ecological activity of the soil and promote the sustainable and cyclic utilization of the soil.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems of the soil conditioner in the prior art, the invention provides an efficient and environment-friendly acid soil conditioner, which can improve the pH value of soil and the quantity of soil aggregates and improve the activity of soil enzyme and the quantity of microorganisms.
In order to achieve the technical purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
the modifier for farmland soil is prepared from the following raw materials in percentage by weight: 10-20% of slag powder, 10-15% of peat, 5-10% of straw biochar, 1-5% of potassium humate, 1-3% of alkaline lime, 3-5% of a composite water-retaining agent, 0.5-3.5% of an activated microbial agent and the balance of attapulgite, wherein the weight percentage is 100%.
Preferably, the preparation method of the slag powder comprises the following steps: and (2) calcining the blast furnace slag powder in a muffle furnace at the temperature of 800-1000 ℃ for 1-2h, cooling to room temperature, adding the material into a sodium silicate aqueous solution for wet ball milling, controlling the discharge granularity to be less than 500 meshes, and then drying in vacuum to obtain the slag powder.
More preferably, the mass concentration of the sodium silicate aqueous solution is 40-50%; the solid-liquid ratio of the material to the sodium silicate aqueous solution is 10 g: 100 ml.
Preferably, the straw biochar is obtained by carrying out anaerobic pyrolysis carbonization on plant straws.
Preferably, the alkaline lime is one or a mixture of dolomite, quick lime or hydrated lime.
Preferably, the preparation method of the composite water-retaining agent comprises the following steps:
(1) dispersing 5-10g of cassava starch in 50ml of deionized water, and heating at 50-80 ℃ for 1-2h for gelatinization; cooling the gelatinized starch at 4 ℃ for 24h, and freeze-drying to obtain the gelatinized starch;
(2) preparing sodium hydroxide, gelatinized starch, cellulose and water into a mixed solution according to the mass ratio of 3:5:5:10, mixing and mechanically stirring for 1-3h at-5-0 ℃ and 1000-.
More preferably, the cellulose is obtained by purifying wood or straw serving as a raw material through a chemical method.
Preferably, the activated microbial agent comprises magnetic nano iron oxide particles, yeast powder and bacillus subtilis powder which are mixed according to the mass ratio of 0.5-1:1: 1.
More preferably, the magnetic nano iron oxide particles are iron oxide nanoparticles with a diameter of 2-3 nm.
A preparation method of a modifier for farmland soil comprises the following preparation steps:
(1) preparing slag powder: placing the blast furnace slag powder into a muffle furnace to be calcined for 1-2h at the temperature of 800-1000 ℃, cooling to room temperature, then adding the material into a sodium silicate aqueous solution to carry out wet ball milling, controlling the particle size of the discharged material to be less than 500 meshes, and then drying the discharged material in vacuum to obtain the slag powder;
(2) preparing a composite water-retaining agent: dispersing 5-10g of cassava starch in 50ml of deionized water, and heating at 50-80 ℃ for 1-2h for gelatinization; cooling the gelatinized starch at 4 ℃ for 24 hours, and freeze-drying to obtain the gelatinized starch; preparing sodium hydroxide, gelatinized starch, cellulose and water into a mixed solution according to the mass ratio of 3:5:5:10, mixing and mechanically stirring for 1-3h at-5-0 ℃ and 1000-;
(3) weighing the raw materials according to the weight percentage, uniformly mixing, grinding, granulating and drying to obtain the modifier for farmland soil.
The application of the modifier for farmland soil is characterized in that the modifier for farmland soil is applied to soil in a base fertilizer mode when in use, and the application amount is 20-50 kg/mu.
Each of the raw materials of the present invention is commercially available.
The single limestone raw material is used for conditioning the acid soil, the effect is obvious in a short time, but the effect is unstable, the action time is short, the organic matter of the soil is reduced after long-term use, the enzyme activity is reduced, beneficial microorganisms are reduced, and the like, and the problem of soil acidification cannot be effectively improved.
Therefore, on the one hand, on the premise of reducing the use amount of the alkaline lime and ensuring the rapid adjustment of the physical and chemical properties of the soil, on the other hand, the adjustment effect is prolonged, the physical and chemical properties and the ecological activity of the soil are continuously improved, and the method is a key point for realizing the sustainable development of agriculture.
Based on the purposes, the high-energy ball-milling slag powder activated by the sodium silicate is utilized for secondary utilization of industrial waste slag, more importantly, the slag powder with small particle size can effectively reduce the dissolution resistance and the dissolution difficulty of alkaline substances, and the slag powder activated by the sodium silicate improves the calcium dissolution efficiency and the alkali dissolution performance, so that the content of exchangeable aluminum in acid soil is reduced, and the effect of adjusting the pH value and the calcium content of the soil is realized.
The invention adds peat and straw biochar. Peat is made up of the residues of swamp plants, which cannot be completely decomposed and piled up under the anaerobic condition of high water content. Contains a large amount of water and plant residues, humus and a part of minerals which are not completely decomposed. The fertilizer is applied to soil, so that the soil nutrition level can be enriched. The straw biochar is a carbon-rich substance generated by anaerobic treatment of straw substances at high temperature, has larger specific surface area and porosity, and can increase the number and variety of microorganisms, increase the number of ammonia oxidizing bacteria and enhance the nitrification of soil when being added into the soil.
In addition, the potassium humate is applied to the soil, on one hand, rich potassium elements can be provided, on the other hand, a weak acid buffer system can be formed, and the continuous adjustment capability of the soil pH value is realized.
In order to improve the biological activity of soil, the invention adds a composite water-retaining agent and an activated microbial agent. According to the invention, gelatinized starch is used as a raw material, and cellulose is mixed and modified in an alkaline environment to form a gel substance with an interpenetrating network structure, which has a strong water retention effect, and a loose and porous structure can fix and adsorb microbial agents and other nutritional and functional substances to promote the gel substance to continuously exert the effect, so that the addition amount is greatly reduced, the cost is reduced, and the efficiency is improved.
And for the microbial agent, magnetic iron oxide particles are adopted for activation, the magnetic iron oxide can well disperse and adsorb microorganisms, and meanwhile, the microbial agent loaded with the magnetic iron oxide is very easy to adsorb in a pore structure of the composite water-retaining agent, so that the water-retaining agent provides a certain protection effect for the microbial agent, and the microbial agent can continuously release bioactive substances, and the two are cooperated to jointly improve the soil bioactivity level.
Advantageous effects
The farmland soil modifier takes blast furnace slag as a raw material, is supplemented with a composite water-retaining agent, a microbial agent and the like, reduces the use of limestone, is used as a base fertilizer, is convenient to use and small in application amount, can continuously and effectively regulate the physical and chemical properties of soil, improves the enzyme activity and increases the number of beneficial microorganisms. Greatly reduces the application cost of farmers, promotes the absorption and utilization of nutrient substances by crops, improves the planting efficiency, realizes the high-efficiency improvement of farmland soil while increasing the yield and the efficiency, achieves two purposes by one, realizes the sustainable development of agriculture, and has wide economic benefit and social benefit.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a graph showing the results of the soil rhizosphere microorganism test conducted in example 3 of the present invention and in comparative examples 1 to 3.
Detailed Description
The technical solution of the present invention is further described below with reference to specific embodiments, but is not limited thereto.
Example 1
The modifier for farmland soil is prepared from the following raw materials in percentage by weight: 10% of slag powder, 10% of peat, 5% of straw biochar, 1% of potassium humate, 1% of alkaline lime, 3% of composite water-retaining agent, 0.5% of activated microbial agent and the balance of attapulgite, wherein the weight percentage is 100%.
The preparation method of the slag powder comprises the following steps: and (2) putting the blast furnace slag powder into a muffle furnace, calcining for 1h at 800 ℃, cooling to room temperature, adding the material into a sodium silicate aqueous solution, carrying out wet ball milling, controlling the discharge granularity to be less than 500 meshes, and then drying in vacuum to obtain the slag powder.
The mass concentration of the sodium silicate aqueous solution is 40 percent.
The straw biochar is obtained by carrying out anaerobic pyrolysis carbonization on plant straws.
The alkaline lime is dolomite.
The preparation method of the composite water-retaining agent comprises the following steps:
(1) dispersing 5g of cassava starch in 50ml of deionized water, and heating at 50 ℃ for 1h for gelatinization; cooling the gelatinized starch at 4 ℃ for 24h, and freeze-drying to obtain the gelatinized starch;
(2) preparing sodium hydroxide, gelatinized starch, cellulose and water into a mixed solution according to the mass ratio of 3:5:5:10, mixing and mechanically stirring for 1h at the temperature of-5 ℃ and at 1000r/min, and then carrying out vacuum freeze drying to obtain the composite water-retaining agent.
The cellulose is obtained by taking wood or straw as a raw material and purifying the raw material by a chemical method.
The activated microbial agent comprises magnetic nano iron oxide particles, yeast powder and bacillus subtilis powder which are mixed according to the mass ratio of 0.5:1: 1.
The magnetic nano iron oxide particles are iron oxide nano particles with the diameter of 2-3 nm.
A preparation method of a modifier for farmland soil comprises the following preparation steps:
(1) preparing slag powder: placing blast furnace slag powder into a muffle furnace, calcining for 1h at 800 ℃, cooling to room temperature, adding the material into a sodium silicate aqueous solution, carrying out wet ball milling, controlling the particle size of discharged materials to be less than 500 meshes, and then drying in vacuum to obtain slag powder;
(2) preparing a composite water-retaining agent: dispersing 5g of cassava starch in 50ml of deionized water, and heating at 50 ℃ for 1h for gelatinization;
cooling the gelatinized starch at 4 ℃ for 24h, and freeze-drying to obtain the gelatinized starch; preparing sodium hydroxide, gelatinized starch, cellulose and water into a mixed solution according to the mass ratio of 3:5:5:10, mixing and mechanically stirring for 1h at the temperature of-5 ℃ and at the speed of 1000r/min, and then carrying out vacuum freeze drying to obtain the composite water-retaining agent;
(3) weighing the raw materials according to the weight percentage, uniformly mixing, grinding, granulating and drying to obtain the modifier for farmland soil.
The application of the amendment for farmland soil is characterized in that the amendment for farmland soil is applied to soil in a base fertilizer mode when in use, and the application amount is 20-50 kg/mu.
Example 2
The modifier for farmland soil is prepared from the following raw materials in percentage by weight: 15% of slag powder, 10% of peat, 8% of straw biochar, 3% of potassium humate, 2% of alkaline lime, 4% of a composite water-retaining agent, 2% of an activated microbial agent and the balance of attapulgite, wherein the weight percentage is 100%.
The preparation method of the slag powder comprises the following steps: and (2) putting the blast furnace slag powder into a muffle furnace, calcining for 2h at 800 ℃, cooling to room temperature, adding the material into a sodium silicate aqueous solution, carrying out wet ball milling, controlling the discharge granularity to be less than 500 meshes, and then drying in vacuum to obtain the slag powder.
The mass concentration of the sodium silicate aqueous solution is 40 percent.
The straw biochar is obtained by carrying out anaerobic pyrolysis carbonization on plant straws.
The alkaline lime is quicklime.
The preparation method of the composite water-retaining agent comprises the following steps:
(1) 8g of cassava starch is dispersed in 50ml of deionized water and heated at 60 ℃ for 2h for gelatinization; cooling the gelatinized starch at 4 ℃ for 24h, and freeze-drying to obtain the gelatinized starch;
(2) preparing sodium hydroxide, gelatinized starch, cellulose and water into a mixed solution according to the mass ratio of 3:5:5:10, mixing and mechanically stirring for 2 hours at the temperature of minus 5 ℃ at 2000r/min, and then carrying out vacuum freeze drying to obtain the composite water-retaining agent.
The cellulose is obtained by taking wood or straw as a raw material and purifying the raw material by a chemical method.
The activated microbial agent comprises magnetic nano iron oxide particles, yeast powder and bacillus subtilis powder which are mixed according to the mass ratio of 0.6:1: 1.
More preferably, the magnetic nano iron oxide particles are iron oxide nanoparticles with a diameter of 2-3 nm.
A preparation method of a modifier for farmland soil comprises the following preparation steps:
(1) preparing slag powder: placing blast furnace slag powder into a muffle furnace, calcining for 2 hours at 800 ℃, cooling to room temperature, adding the material into a sodium silicate aqueous solution, carrying out wet ball milling, controlling the particle size of discharged materials to be less than 500 meshes, and then drying in vacuum to obtain slag powder;
(2) preparing a composite water-retaining agent: 8g of cassava starch is dispersed in 50ml of deionized water and heated at 60 ℃ for 2h for gelatinization;
cooling the gelatinized starch at 4 ℃ for 24h, and freeze-drying to obtain the gelatinized starch; preparing sodium hydroxide, gelatinized starch, cellulose and water into a mixed solution according to the mass ratio of 3:5:5:10, mixing and mechanically stirring for 2 hours at the temperature of minus 5 ℃ at 2000r/min, and then carrying out vacuum freeze drying to obtain the composite water-retaining agent;
(3) weighing the raw materials according to the weight percentage, uniformly mixing, grinding, granulating and drying to obtain the modifier for farmland soil.
The application of the amendment for farmland soil is characterized in that the amendment for farmland soil is applied to soil in a base fertilizer mode when in use, and the application amount is 20-50 kg/mu.
Example 3
The modifier for farmland soil is prepared from the following raw materials in percentage by weight: 20% of slag powder, 15% of peat, 10% of straw biochar, 5% of potassium humate, 3% of alkaline lime, 5% of a composite water-retaining agent, 3.5% of an activated microbial agent and the balance of attapulgite, wherein the percentages are 100% by weight.
The preparation method of the slag powder comprises the following steps: and (2) calcining the blast furnace slag powder in a muffle furnace at 1000 ℃ for 2h, cooling to room temperature, adding the material into a sodium silicate aqueous solution for wet ball milling, controlling the discharge granularity to be less than 500 meshes, and then drying in vacuum to obtain the slag powder.
The mass concentration of the sodium silicate aqueous solution is 50 percent.
The straw biochar is obtained by carrying out anaerobic pyrolysis carbonization on plant straws.
The alkaline lime is hydrated lime.
The preparation method of the composite water-retaining agent comprises the following steps:
(1) dispersing 10g of cassava starch in 50ml of deionized water, and heating at 80 ℃ for 2h for gelatinization; cooling the gelatinized starch at 4 ℃ for 24h, and freeze-drying to obtain the gelatinized starch;
(2) preparing sodium hydroxide, gelatinized starch, cellulose and water into a mixed solution according to the mass ratio of 3:5:5:10, mixing and mechanically stirring for 3 hours at the temperature of 0 ℃ and at the speed of 2000r/min, and then carrying out vacuum freeze drying to obtain the composite water-retaining agent.
The cellulose is obtained by taking wood or straw as a raw material and purifying the raw material by a chemical method.
The activated microbial agent comprises magnetic nano iron oxide particles, yeast powder and bacillus subtilis powder which are mixed according to the mass ratio of 1:1: 1.
The magnetic nano iron oxide particles are iron oxide nano particles with the diameter of 2-3 nm.
A preparation method of a modifier for farmland soil comprises the following preparation steps:
(1) preparing slag powder: putting blast furnace slag powder into a muffle furnace, calcining for 2h at 1000 ℃, cooling to room temperature, adding the material into a sodium silicate aqueous solution, carrying out wet ball milling, controlling the particle size of discharged materials to be less than 500 meshes, and then drying in vacuum to obtain slag powder;
(2) preparing a composite water-retaining agent: dispersing 10g of cassava starch in 50ml of deionized water, and heating at 80 ℃ for 2h for gelatinization; cooling the gelatinized starch at 4 ℃ for 24 hours, and freeze-drying to obtain the gelatinized starch; preparing sodium hydroxide, gelatinized starch, cellulose and water into a mixed solution according to the mass ratio of 3:5:5:10, mixing and mechanically stirring for 3 hours at the temperature of 0 ℃ and at the speed of 2000r/min, and then carrying out vacuum freeze drying to obtain a composite water-retaining agent;
(3) weighing the raw materials according to the weight percentage, uniformly mixing, grinding, granulating and drying to obtain the modifier for farmland soil.
The application of the amendment for farmland soil is characterized in that the amendment for farmland soil is applied to soil in a base fertilizer mode when in use, and the application amount is 20-50 kg/mu.
Comparative example 1
The modifier for farmland soil is prepared from the following raw materials in percentage by weight: 20% of slag powder, 15% of peat, 10% of straw biochar, 5% of potassium humate, 3% of alkaline lime, 5% of water-retaining agent, 3.5% of activated microbial agent and the balance of attapulgite, wherein the weight percentage is 100%.
The preparation method of the slag powder comprises the following steps: and (2) calcining the blast furnace slag powder in a muffle furnace at 1000 ℃ for 2h, cooling to room temperature, adding water into the material for wet ball milling, controlling the discharge granularity to be less than 500 meshes, and then drying in vacuum to obtain the slag powder.
The straw biochar is obtained by carrying out anaerobic pyrolysis carbonization on plant straws.
The alkaline lime is hydrated lime.
The preparation method of the composite water-retaining agent comprises the following steps:
(1) dispersing 10g of cassava starch in 50ml of deionized water, and heating at 80 ℃ for 2h for gelatinization; cooling the gelatinized starch at 4 ℃ for 24h, and freeze-drying to obtain the gelatinized starch;
(2) preparing sodium hydroxide, gelatinized starch, cellulose and water into a mixed solution according to the mass ratio of 3:5:5:10, mixing and mechanically stirring for 3 hours at the temperature of 0 ℃ and at the speed of 2000r/min, and then carrying out vacuum freeze drying to obtain the composite water-retaining agent.
The cellulose is obtained by taking wood or straw as a raw material and purifying the raw material by a chemical method.
The activated microbial agent comprises magnetic nano iron oxide particles, yeast powder and bacillus subtilis powder which are mixed according to the mass ratio of 1:1: 1.
The magnetic nano iron oxide particles are iron oxide nano particles with the diameter of 2-3 nm.
A preparation method of a modifier for farmland soil comprises the following preparation steps:
(1) preparing slag powder: putting blast furnace slag powder into a muffle furnace, calcining for 2h at 1000 ℃, cooling to room temperature, adding the material into a sodium silicate aqueous solution, carrying out wet ball milling, controlling the particle size of discharged materials to be less than 500 meshes, and then drying in vacuum to obtain slag powder;
(2) preparing a composite water-retaining agent: dispersing 10g of cassava starch in 50ml of deionized water, and heating at 80 ℃ for 2h for gelatinization; cooling the gelatinized starch at 4 ℃ for 24h, and freeze-drying to obtain the gelatinized starch; preparing sodium hydroxide, gelatinized starch, cellulose and water into a mixed solution according to the mass ratio of 3:5:5:10, mixing and mechanically stirring for 3 hours at the temperature of 0 ℃ and at the speed of 2000r/min, and then carrying out vacuum freeze drying to obtain a composite water-retaining agent;
(3) weighing the raw materials according to the weight percentage, uniformly mixing, grinding, granulating and drying to obtain the modifier for farmland soil.
The application of the amendment for farmland soil is characterized in that the amendment for farmland soil is applied to soil in a base fertilizer mode when in use, and the application amount is 20-50 kg/mu.
The comparative example was carried out in the same manner as in example 3 except that the activation of the sodium silicate solution of slag powder was not carried out.
Comparative example 2
The modifier for farmland soil is prepared from the following raw materials in percentage by weight: 20% of slag powder, 15% of peat, 10% of straw biochar, 5% of potassium humate, 3% of alkaline lime, 5% of composite water-retaining agent, 3.5% of activated microbial agent and the balance of attapulgite, wherein the weight percentage is 100%.
The preparation method of the slag powder comprises the following steps: and (2) calcining the blast furnace slag powder in a muffle furnace at 1000 ℃ for 2h, cooling to room temperature, adding the material into a sodium silicate aqueous solution for wet ball milling, controlling the discharge granularity to be less than 500 meshes, and then drying in vacuum to obtain the slag powder.
The mass concentration of the sodium silicate aqueous solution is 50 percent.
The straw biochar is obtained by carrying out anaerobic pyrolysis carbonization on plant straws.
The alkaline lime is hydrated lime.
The preparation method of the composite water-retaining agent comprises the following steps:
(1) dispersing 10g of cassava starch in 50ml of deionized water, and heating at 80 ℃ for 2h for gelatinization; cooling the gelatinized starch at 4 ℃ for 24 hours, and freeze-drying to obtain the gelatinized starch;
(2) preparing sodium hydroxide, gelatinized starch and water into a mixed solution according to the mass ratio of 3:5:10, mixing and mechanically stirring for 3 hours at the temperature of 0 ℃ and at the speed of 2000r/min, and then carrying out vacuum freeze drying to obtain the composite water-retaining agent.
The activated microbial agent comprises magnetic nano iron oxide particles, yeast powder and bacillus subtilis powder which are mixed according to the mass ratio of 1:1: 1.
The magnetic nano iron oxide particles are iron oxide nano particles with the diameter of 2-3 nm.
A preparation method of a modifier for farmland soil comprises the following preparation steps:
(1) preparing slag powder: putting blast furnace slag powder into a muffle furnace, calcining for 2h at 1000 ℃, cooling to room temperature, adding the material into a sodium silicate aqueous solution, carrying out wet ball milling, controlling the particle size of discharged materials to be less than 500 meshes, and then drying in vacuum to obtain slag powder;
(2) preparing a composite water-retaining agent: dispersing 10g of cassava starch in 50ml of deionized water, and heating at 80 ℃ for 2h for gelatinization; cooling the gelatinized starch at 4 ℃ for 24h, and freeze-drying to obtain the gelatinized starch; preparing sodium hydroxide, gelatinized starch and water into a mixed solution according to the mass ratio of 3:5:10, mixing and mechanically stirring for 3 hours at the temperature of 0 ℃ and at the speed of 2000r/min, and then carrying out vacuum freeze drying to obtain a composite water-retaining agent;
(3) weighing the raw materials according to the weight percentage, uniformly mixing, grinding, granulating and drying to obtain the modifier for farmland soil.
The application of the modifier for farmland soil is characterized in that the modifier for farmland soil is applied to soil in a base fertilizer mode when in use, and the application amount is 20-50 kg/mu.
The comparative example is the same as example 3 except that the composite water-retaining agent is modified without using cellulose.
Comparative example 3
The modifier for farmland soil is prepared from the following raw materials in percentage by weight: 20% of slag powder, 15% of peat, 10% of straw biochar, 5% of potassium humate, 3% of alkaline lime, 5% of water-retaining agent, 3.5% of microbial agent and the balance of attapulgite, wherein the weight percentage is 100%.
The preparation method of the slag powder comprises the following steps: and (2) calcining the blast furnace slag powder in a muffle furnace at 1000 ℃ for 2h, cooling to room temperature, adding the material into a sodium silicate aqueous solution for wet ball milling, controlling the discharge granularity to be less than 500 meshes, and then drying in vacuum to obtain the slag powder.
The mass concentration of the sodium silicate aqueous solution is 50 percent.
The straw biochar is obtained by carrying out anaerobic pyrolysis carbonization on plant straws.
The alkaline lime is hydrated lime.
The preparation method of the composite water-retaining agent comprises the following steps:
(1) dispersing 10g of cassava starch in 50ml of deionized water, and heating at 80 ℃ for 2h for gelatinization; cooling the gelatinized starch at 4 ℃ for 24h, and freeze-drying to obtain the gelatinized starch;
(2) preparing sodium hydroxide, gelatinized starch, cellulose and water into a mixed solution according to the mass ratio of 3:5:5:10, mixing and mechanically stirring for 3 hours at the temperature of 0 ℃ and at the speed of 2000r/min, and then carrying out vacuum freeze drying to obtain the composite water-retaining agent.
The cellulose is obtained by taking wood or straw as a raw material and purifying the raw material by a chemical method.
The microbial agent comprises yeast powder and bacillus subtilis powder which are mixed according to the mass ratio of 1: 1.
A preparation method of a modifier for farmland soil comprises the following preparation steps:
(1) preparing slag powder: putting blast furnace slag powder into a muffle furnace, calcining for 2h at 1000 ℃, cooling to room temperature, adding the material into a sodium silicate aqueous solution, carrying out wet ball milling, controlling the particle size of discharged materials to be less than 500 meshes, and then drying in vacuum to obtain slag powder;
(2) preparing a composite water-retaining agent: dispersing 10g of cassava starch in 50ml of deionized water, and heating at 80 ℃ for 2h for gelatinization;
cooling the gelatinized starch at 4 ℃ for 24h, and freeze-drying to obtain the gelatinized starch; preparing sodium hydroxide, gelatinized starch, cellulose and water into a mixed solution according to the mass ratio of 3:5:5:10, mixing and mechanically stirring for 3 hours at the temperature of 0 ℃ and at the speed of 2000r/min, and then carrying out vacuum freeze drying to obtain a composite water-retaining agent;
(3) weighing the raw materials according to the weight percentage, uniformly mixing, grinding, granulating and drying to obtain the modifier for farmland soil.
The application of the modifier for farmland soil is characterized in that the modifier for farmland soil is applied to soil in a base fertilizer mode when in use, and the application amount is 20-50 kg/mu.
The comparative example is the same as example 3 except that the microbial agent is activated without adding magnetic iron oxide.
Performance testing
The test varieties are as follows: wheat (Jimai 262)
Test time: year 2020, 11 months to 2021, 6 months
The experimental site: shandong province Linshu county agricultural planting demonstration base
Experiment design: the experiment consisted of 6 treatments (examples 1-3 and comparative examples 1-3), each of which was repeated 3 times, with 18 cells randomly distributed, each cell having an area of 60m 2 The land capability is uniform among small plants, and the field management measures such as irrigation, weeding, pest control and the like are consistent among treatment rooms. According to the fertilization habit of local farmers, all the treated compound fertilizers are subjected to basal application according to 50 kg/mu. Each group of soil conditioner is applied according to 20 kg/mu of base.
The test method comprises the following steps:
after harvesting, selecting a place with relatively uniform growth vigor in each cell, taking a region with the length of 2m and the width of 1m as a sampling point, taking 5 points in each cell, counting the spike number and the spike grain number, calculating the thousand grain weight according to the grain number, and calculating the theoretical yield according to a wheat yield calculation formula. In the jointing stage and the harvesting stage of wheat, taking plough layer soil of 0-20 cm by each cell according to an S-shaped sampling method, uniformly mixing, airing, grinding and sieving to prepare for measuring the enzyme activity and the nutrient content of soil; taking rhizosphere soil from each cell according to an S-shaped sampling method, taking back the rhizosphere soil, and putting the rhizosphere soil into a refrigerator for measuring the microbial quantity of the soil.
And (3) measuring the rhizosphere soil bacteria number and the actinomycetes number by adopting a plate colony counting method. The soil alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen adopts an alkaline hydrolysis diffusion method; the total nitrogen adopts a Kjeldahl method; sodium bicarbonate molybdenum antimony is adopted as available phosphorus by an anti-colorimetric method; the quick-acting potassium adopts an ammonium acetate flame photometer method, and the organic matter adopts a potassium dichromate volumetric method; urease adopts phenol-sodium hypochlorite colorimetry, namely 1g of NH in soil after 24 hours 3 -mass of N (mg); catalase is titrated by 0.1mol/L KMnO consumed by 1g soil after 24h 4 Expressed in mL (37 ℃); the sucrase adopts 3, 5-dinitrosalicylic acid colorimetric method, which is expressed by the mass (mg) of glucose contained in 1g of soil after 24 hours; the soil neutral phosphatase is measured by adopting a disodium phenyl phosphate colorimetric method, wherein the mass (mg) of phenol released by 1g of soil after 24 hours is converted into phosphorus (P); the soil dehydrogenase was measured by triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC) method, and expressed as the mass (. mu.g) of triphenylmethyl wax (TPF) formed in 1g of soil after 24 hours.
TABLE 1 wheat planting test results
TABLE 2 soil physicochemical Properties and enzyme Activity test results
As can be seen from the data in tables 1-2, the soil physicochemical properties are obviously improved and the biological enzyme activity improvement effect is obvious in the test group applying the soil conditioner of the embodiment, and the improvement of the enzyme activity indicates that the soil properties are effectively and stably improved. The comparative examples 1 to 3 with the changed preparation process and method still have certain improvement effect on soil, but the improvement effect is obviously inferior to that of the examples, because the comparative example 1 modified by sodium silicate, the comparative example 2 modified by cellulose and the microbial agent not modified by magnetic nano iron oxide are lacked, the regulation effect of mineral powder is reduced, the water retention effect of the composite water-retaining agent is weakened, the fixing and protecting effect on microorganisms is reduced, and the synergistic effect disappears, so the improvement effect of soil is reduced. As can also be seen from the rhizosphere microorganism influence diagram in FIG. 1, the biological activity of the soil can be effectively improved in the embodiment 3 of the invention, and the improvement of the biological activity is an important mark for continuously and effectively improving the soil.
It should be noted that the above-mentioned embodiments are only some of the preferred modes for implementing the invention, and not all of them. Obviously, all other embodiments obtained by persons of ordinary skill in the art based on the above-mentioned embodiments of the present invention without any creative effort shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. The conditioner for farmland soil is characterized by comprising the following raw materials in percentage by weight: 10-20% of slag powder, 10-15% of peat, 5-10% of straw biochar, 1-5% of potassium humate, 1-3% of alkaline lime, 3-5% of a composite water-retaining agent, 0.5-3.5% of an activated microbial agent and the balance of attapulgite, wherein the weight percentage is 100%.
2. An improver for farmland soil as claimed in claim 1, wherein the slag powder is prepared by a method comprising: and (2) calcining the blast furnace slag powder in a muffle furnace at the temperature of 800-1000 ℃ for 1-2h, cooling to room temperature, adding the material into a sodium silicate aqueous solution for wet ball milling, controlling the discharge granularity to be less than 500 meshes, and then drying in vacuum to obtain the slag powder.
3. An improver for farmland soil as claimed in claim 1, wherein said straw biochar is obtained by anaerobic pyrolysis carbonization of plant straw.
4. An improver for farmland soil as claimed in claim 1, wherein the soda lime is one or a mixture of dolomite, quicklime or hydrated lime.
5. An improver for farmland soil as claimed in claim 1, wherein the preparation method of said composite water-retaining agent is:
(1) dispersing 5-10g of cassava starch in 50ml of deionized water, and heating at 50-80 ℃ for 1-2h for gelatinization; cooling the gelatinized starch at 4 ℃ for 24h, and freeze-drying to obtain the gelatinized starch;
(2) preparing sodium hydroxide, gelatinized starch, cellulose and water into a mixed solution according to the mass ratio of 3:5:5:10, mixing and mechanically stirring for 1-3h at-5-0 ℃ and 1000-.
6. An improver for farmland soil as claimed in claim 5, wherein said cellulose is obtained by chemical purification from wood or straw as a raw material.
7. The improver for farmland soil as claimed in claim 1, wherein the activated microbial agent comprises magnetic nano iron oxide particles, yeast powder and bacillus subtilis powder mixed in a mass ratio of 0.5-1:1: 1.
8. A method for producing a conditioner for agricultural soil according to any one of claims 1 to 7, comprising the steps of:
(1) preparing slag powder: putting blast furnace slag powder into a muffle furnace, calcining for 1-2h at the temperature of 800-;
(2) preparing a composite water-retaining agent: dispersing 5-10g of cassava starch in 50ml of deionized water, and heating at 50-80 ℃ for 1-2h for gelatinization; cooling the gelatinized starch at 4 ℃ for 24h, and freeze-drying to obtain the gelatinized starch; preparing sodium hydroxide, gelatinized starch, cellulose and water into a mixed solution according to the mass ratio of 3:5:5:10, mixing and mechanically stirring for 1-3h at-5-0 ℃ and 1000-;
(3) weighing the raw materials according to the weight percentage, uniformly mixing, grinding, granulating and drying to obtain the modifier for farmland soil.
9. The use of an improver for farmland soil as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 7, which is applied to the soil in the form of a base fertilizer at an application rate of 20 to 50 kg/mu in use.
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| Title |
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| （英）JOHN L.PROVIS，: "废弃物农用功能化理论与技术", 中国建材工业出版社, pages: 109 - 172 * |
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