CN115010511B - Light functional ceramic tile and preparation method and application thereof - Google Patents
Light functional ceramic tile and preparation method and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of architectural ceramics, and discloses a light functional ceramic tile and a preparation method and application thereof, wherein the light functional ceramic tile comprises the following raw material components in parts by weight: 50-70 parts of red mud; 1-10 parts of activated red mud; 2-10 parts of coal powder; 10-30 parts of volcanic mud; 5-18 parts of a fluxing agent; the activating raw materials of the activated red mud comprise starch, acid solution and alkali solution. The invention takes solid waste red mud as a main raw material and activated red mud as a mesoporous humidity regulator; red mud, coal powder and starch are used as pore-forming agents; volcanic mud is a porous reinforcing agent; and introduces fluxing agent to reduce the firing temperature, so as to realize the preparation of the light functional ceramic tile under the low temperature condition, and the flexural strength reaches 15.1-18.5MPa; the apparent porosity reaches 42.1-59.7%, and the 24h moisture absorption is 305.6-403.2g/m 2 The moisture release rate is 282.5-362.9g/m 2 Has excellent air humidity control function.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of architectural ceramics, and particularly relates to a light functional ceramic tile, and a preparation method and application thereof.
Background
Red mud is solid waste slag generated in the aluminum smelting industry, and is difficult to be recycled because the red mud contains a large amount of alkali metals and transition metals, has strong basicity and radioactivity. According to statistics, 0.7-1.5 tons of red mud is additionally generated for each 1 ton of alumina produced. And the amount of red mud generated by the bauxite ore decreases. Currently, worldwide red mud reserves have exceeded 30 million tons and are growing at a rate of 1.2 million tons per year. At present, alumina factories at home and abroad mainly stack red mud in yards, build dams and deposit by a wet method, and return the solution for reuse after natural sedimentation and separation. The method can produce a large amount of waste alkali liquor which can permeate into nearby soil to cause soil alkalization and swampiness and pollute surface and underground water sources. Therefore, the reasonable treatment and utilization of the red mud are very important.
Meanwhile, the ceramic industry faces the risks of increasingly reduced high-quality raw materials and increasing raw material cost, and alternative raw materials are urgently needed to be searched. Because the red mud has huge reserves and is rich in alumina and silicon oxide which are basic raw materials for preparing ceramic materials, the red mud becomes a potential raw material for preparing ceramics. The humidity-adjusting ceramic tile in the building ceramic absorbs and releases water vapor through the capillary condensation and the de-condensation of a large number of nano-scale holes (2-50 nm) in a matrix, and plays a role in adjusting indoor humidity. In the prior art, when the red mud is used for preparing the porous ceramic material, the firing temperature of the porous ceramic material is usually over 1000 ℃, so that the pore channels with the humidity regulating function and the pore diameter within the range of 2-50nm in the ceramic matrix are blocked by the glass phase formed at high temperature, and the prepared ceramic material has no function of regulating the air humidity. Although the firing temperature of the porous ceramic material prepared by partially utilizing the red mud is lower than 1000 ℃, a large amount of low-temperature fluxing agent is added into the formula of the porous ceramic material, so that the glass phase is too much, nano micropores in a blank are blocked, and the ceramic matrix also does not have the air humidity conditioning function.
Therefore, the research and development of the ceramic tile which takes the red mud as the main raw material and has the light weight and the air humidity conditioning function are urgently needed.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a light-weight functional ceramic tile and a preparation method and application thereof, which are used for solving one or more technical problems in the prior art and at least providing a beneficial selection or creation condition.
In order to overcome the technical problems, the invention provides a light functional ceramic tile in a first aspect.
Specifically, the light functional ceramic tile comprises the following raw material components in parts by weight:
the activating raw materials of the activated red mud comprise starch, acid solution and alkali solution.
The invention takes the red mud as the main raw material, the activated red mud is added as the mesoporous humidity control agent, the red mud, the coal powder and the starch are used as the pore-forming agents, the fluxing agent is introduced to reduce the firing temperature, the raw materials are optimized and reasonably compounded, the preparation of the light functional ceramic tile under the low temperature condition (750-900 ℃) is realized, the phenomenon that the pore channel is blocked by the glass phase formed at the high temperature (above 1000 ℃) is effectively avoided, the prepared product not only has better mechanical property, but also has developed mesoporous pores inside the product, the macropores are in a three-dimensional communication state, the pore size distribution is uniform, the pore size is adjustable, and the excellent air humidity control function is realized.
Specifically, the main chemical component of the red mud is SiO 2 、Al 2 O 3 、Fe 2 O 3 MgO and CaO, which are composed of minerals such as silicate and calcite. The red mud of the invention mainly has the following two functions: firstly, silicate minerals in the red mud contain a large amount of Al/Fe/Mg/Ca elements which can be etched by acid, and ions are dissolved out from a silicate crystal structure to form mesoporous channels in situ, so that the formed activated red mud has an air humidity control function; secondly, calcite in the red mud is decomposed at high temperature, carbon dioxide generated by decomposition overflows when the ceramic tile is fired, and through-hole channels are formed in the ceramic tile to provide a transportation channel for water vapor adsorption and separation, so that the humidity adjusting capacity of the through-hole channels in the light-weight functional ceramic tile is effectively exerted.
The activation raw materials of the activated red mud comprise starch, acid solution and alkali solution, when slurry consisting of the starch and the red mud is acidified, calcite material phase in the red mud reacts with the acid solution to generate carbon dioxide gas, a loose hole structure is formed in the structure of the red mud, al/Fe/Mg/Ca ions in a grid structure and amorphous substance in silicic acid minerals in the red mud are dissolved out in the acidification process, and a large number of mesoporous pore channels are formed in situ in the framework of the silicate; simultaneously, straight chain or branched chain units formed by starch in the acidized liquid enter a formed pore channel structure, and highly dispersed aluminum hydroxide and ferric hydroxide precipitates are formed on the surface of the straight chain or branched chain starch in the process of neutralizing the alkali solution, so that the obtained activated red mud has high specific surface area(>400m 2 /g) and rich nano-scale hole structures, thereby having high-efficiency humidity regulating function.
Volcanic mud is a loose deposit of fine-grained debris formed by volcanic eruption, and is a porous material composed of phases of nontronite, cristobalite, quartz, calcite and the like and having a nanoporous structure. Wherein the nontronite is an iron-containing montmorillonite, belongs to clay minerals composed of layered silicate structures, and has good plasticity, thereby being beneficial to increasing the strength of a blank and improving the humidity regulating function of a product.
Meanwhile, when the pulverized coal is fired, pores left in situ can form a light green body, and gas generated during firing is decomposed to form a communicated through hole structure in the green body. The fluxing agent can be melted at low temperature, low-temperature firing is realized, the light functional ceramic tile can obtain higher strength at lower temperature, and components in the activated red mud can be effectively prevented from being melted at high temperature to block mesoporous channels (2-50 nm) in the product, so that the air humidity conditioning function of the light functional ceramic tile is further ensured.
As a further improvement of the above scheme, the red mud comprises the following chemical components in percentage by weight: siO 2 2 21.4-24.7％、Al 2 O 3 4.6-7.6％、Fe 2 O 3 9.2-11.2％、TiO 2 1.9-3.9％、CaO 36.2-42.2％、MgO 0.3-1.3％、K 2 O0.2-0.4％、Na 2 0.2 to 0.8 percent of O and 13.7 to 19.7 percent of loss on ignition.
As a further improvement of the scheme, the average particle size of the red mud is less than 10 μm.
As a further improvement of the above scheme, the chemical composition of the volcanic mud is as follows by weight percent: siO 2 2 65-68％、Al 2 O 3 11-13％、Fe 2 O 3 0.2-0.8％、TiO 2 0.01-0.05％、CaO 1-2％、MgO 1.5-2.5％、K 2 O 1.5-2.5％、Na 2 O2-4% and loss on ignition 12.5-14%.
As a further improvement of the above scheme, the preparation method of the activated red mud comprises the following steps:
(1) Carrying out wet ball milling on the red mud, starch and water to obtain mixed slurry;
(2) Adding an acid solution into the mixed slurry prepared in the step (1), heating for the first time, carrying out water bath ultrasonic treatment for the first time, heating for the second time, and carrying out hydrothermal reaction to obtain acidified slurry;
(3) Adding an alkali solution into the acidified slurry prepared in the step (2) to neutralize until the pH value is 8-9, and performing second water bath ultrasonic treatment to obtain neutralized slurry;
(4) Filtering the precipitate in the slurry prepared in the step (3), washing with water, separating the precipitate until the pH value is 7.0 +/-0.3, and obtaining a washing precipitate;
(5) And (5) drying the washing precipitate prepared in the step (4) to constant weight to obtain the activated red mud.
As a further improvement of the above scheme, the mixed slurry comprises the following components in parts by weight: 20-30 parts of red mud, 0.1-5 parts of starch and 65-75 parts of water.
As a further improvement of the scheme, in the step (1), the fineness of the mixed slurry is that the mixed slurry passes through a 250-mesh sieve and the residual is less than 0.1 percent.
As a further improvement of the scheme, in the step (2), the acid solution is 2-6mol/L hydrochloric acid.
As a further improvement of the above scheme, in the step (2), the mass ratio of the mixed slurry to the acid solution is 5: (4-6).
As a further improvement of the scheme, in the step (2), the temperature is raised to 70-85 ℃ for the first time, and the time of the first water bath ultrasonic treatment is 0.5-2 hours.
As a further improvement of the scheme, in the step (2), the temperature is raised to 100-150 ℃ for the second time, and the duration of the hydrothermal reaction is 0.1-24 hours.
As a further improvement of the above scheme, in the step (3), the alkali solution is 15-28wt% of ammonia water.
As a further improvement of the scheme, in the step (3), the temperature of the second water bath ultrasonic treatment is 70-85 ℃ and the time duration is 0.5-2 hours.
As a further improvement of the scheme, in the step (4), the drying temperature is 100-200 ℃.
As a further improvement of the above, the fluxing agent comprises borax.
The second aspect of the invention provides a preparation method of a light-weight functional ceramic tile.
Specifically, the preparation method of the light functional ceramic tile comprises the following steps:
after carrying out wet ball milling on the raw materials, drying, granulating, ageing, pressing and forming, drying and sintering to obtain the light functional ceramic tile; the sintering temperature is 750-900 ℃.
As a further improvement of the scheme, 0.5-3wt% of dispersant is additionally added during the wet ball milling.
Preferably, the dispersing agent is at least one selected from sodium phosphate, sodium hexametaphosphate, sodium tripolyphosphate and sodium polyacrylate.
As a further improvement of the scheme, the wet ball milling time is 0.5-5 hours, and the fineness of the slurry after ball milling is less than 0.1wt% after passing through a 250-mesh sieve.
As a further improvement of the above scheme, the moisture content of the powder obtained after drying and granulating is 6-10wt%.
As a further improvement of the above scheme, the particle size distribution of the powder obtained after drying and granulating is as follows: the grain with more than 20 meshes is less than or equal to 1 percent, the grain with more than 40 percent is less than or equal to 60 percent, and the grain with less than 100 meshes is less than or equal to 4.5 percent. The particle size distribution of the powder is controlled, which is beneficial to improving the density of the green body after compression molding, thereby improving the green body strength.
As a further improvement of the scheme, the pressure of the compression molding is 5-30MPa.
The third aspect of the invention provides application of the light-weight functional ceramic tile.
In particular to application of the light functional ceramic tile in building interior walls or building exterior walls. The light functional ceramic tile is applied to the inner wall or the outer wall of a building, and can endow the ceramic tile product with the functions of heat insulation, heat preservation, flame retardance, air humidity regulation and the like.
Compared with the prior art, the technical scheme of the invention at least has the following technical effects or advantages:
(1) The invention takes solid waste red mud as a main raw material, and prepares the light functional ceramic tile by adding a certain amount of activated red mud, volcanic mud, coal powder and fluxing agent. Red mud activated by starch, acid solution and alkali solution is used as a mesoporous conditioning agent; red mud, coal powder and starch are used as pore-forming agents; volcanic mud is a porous reinforcing agent; and a fluxing agent is introduced to reduce the firing temperature, and the light functional ceramic tile is prepared at a low temperature by preferably and reasonably compounding the raw materials, so that the phenomenon that the pore channels are blocked by glass phase formed at a high temperature is effectively avoided. The prepared product has better mechanical property, and the rupture strength of the product reaches 15.1-18.5MPa; the mesoporous pores in the product are developed, the macropores are in a three-dimensional connected state, the pore size distribution is uniform, the porosity is adjustable, the apparent porosity reaches 42.1-59.7%, and the 24-hour moisture absorption amount is 305.6-403.2g/m 2 The moisture release rate is 282.5-362.9g/m 2 Has excellent air humidity control function.
(2) The invention uses the low-quality solid waste red mud, volcanic mud and coal ash to partially replace common ceramic raw materials, thereby improving the resource utilization rate and reducing the emission of solid waste; the production cost is reduced, the environment is protected, and a green development way is provided for the effective treatment of the red mud.
(3) According to the invention, starch is introduced into the pores of the activated red mud, and gas generated by oxidation of the starch in the pores rushes open the glass liquid phase layer covered on the surfaces of the pore passages during high-temperature sintering, so that the mesoporous pores are not blocked by liquid phase to influence the humidity regulation performance, and the air humidity regulation function of the product is further improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a scanning electron microscope image of the cold field of the lightweight functional ceramic tile of example 1;
FIG. 2 is a scanning electron microscope image of a cold field of the lightweight functional ceramic tile of comparative example 1;
fig. 3 is a graph of pore size distribution of the activated red mud prepared in example 1.
Detailed Description
The present invention is specifically described below with reference to examples in order to facilitate understanding of the present invention by those skilled in the art. It should be particularly noted that the examples are given solely for the purpose of illustration and are not to be construed as limitations on the scope of the invention, as non-essential improvements and modifications to the invention may occur to those skilled in the art, which fall within the scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims. Meanwhile, the raw materials mentioned below are not specified and are all commercial products; the process steps or preparation methods not mentioned in detail are all process steps or preparation methods known to the person skilled in the art.
Example 1
A light functional ceramic tile comprises the following raw material components in parts by weight:
wherein: the red mud comprises the following chemical components in percentage by weight: siO 2 2 22.4％、Al 2 O 3 5.3％、Fe 2 O 3 10.8％、TiO 2 2.9％、CaO 38.4％、MgO 0.8％、K 2 O 0.3％、Na 2 0.5 percent of O and 18.6 percent of loss on ignition.
The volcanic mud comprises the following chemical components in percentage by weight: siO 2 2 67.3％、Al 2 O 3 12.1％、Fe 2 O 3 0.5％、TiO 2 0.03％、CaO 1.4％、MgO 1.8％、K 2 O 1.9％、Na 2 O2.3 percent and loss on ignition 12.67 percent.
The preparation method of the activated red mud comprises the following steps:
(1) Mixing the red mud, the starch and the water according to a mass ratio of 30;
(2) Adding a hydrochloric acid solution with the concentration of 6mol/L into the mixed slurry prepared in the step (1), wherein the mass ratio of the mixed slurry to the hydrochloric acid is 1:1, ultrasonically acidifying for 2 hours at 70 ℃ in a water bath, pouring the slurry into a hydrothermal reaction kettle, and reacting for 2 hours at 150 ℃ to obtain acidified slurry;
(3) Adding 28 mass percent of ammonia water into the acidified slurry prepared in the step (2) while stirring the acidified slurry to neutralize the acidified slurry to a pH value of 9, and then carrying out ultrasonic treatment on the neutralized slurry for 2 hours under the condition of a water bath at 85 ℃ to obtain neutralized slurry;
(4) Filtering the precipitate in the neutralization slurry prepared in the step (3), and washing the precipitate to 7.0 by using clear water to obtain a washing precipitate;
(5) And (4) drying the water-washed precipitate prepared in the step (4) at 110 ℃ to constant weight to obtain the activated red mud of the embodiment.
A preparation method of a light functional ceramic tile comprises the following steps:
(1) Weighing the raw materials according to the raw material components of the light functional ceramic tile, adding 1 part of sodium polyacrylate and 100 parts of water, mixing, and performing ball milling for 3 hours to obtain slurry with the fineness of 250 meshes and the screen residue of 0.05%;
(2) Drying and granulating the slurry prepared in the step (1), wherein the water content of the granulated powder is 10%, and the grain composition is as follows: the grain with more than 20 meshes is less than or equal to 1 percent, the grain with more than 40 percent is less than or equal to 60 percent and the grain with less than 100 meshes is less than or equal to 4.5 percent, and the obtained granular powder is pressed and molded under the pressure of 15MPa and then dried to obtain a green body;
(3) And (3) heating the green body prepared by the ceramic (2) from normal temperature to 850 ℃ at the heating rate of 15 ℃/min, sintering at 850 ℃, and keeping the temperature for 30min to obtain the light functional ceramic tile.
Example 2
A light functional ceramic tile comprises the following raw material components in parts by weight:
wherein: the red mud comprises the following chemical components in percentage by weight: siO 2 2 24.7％、Al 2 O 3 4.6％、Fe 2 O 3 9.2％、TiO 2 3.9％、CaO 36.2％、MgO 1.3％、K 2 O 0.4％、Na 2 0.8 percent of O and 18.9 percent of loss on ignition.
The volcanic mud comprises the following chemical components in percentage by weight: siO 2 2 68％、Al 2 O 3 13％、Fe 2 O 3 0.2％、TiO 2 0.01％、CaO 1.0％、MgO 1.5％、K 2 O 1.5％、Na 2 O2.1 percent and loss on ignition 12.69 percent.
The preparation method of the activated red mud comprises the following steps:
(1) Mixing red mud, starch and water according to a mass ratio of 20;
(2) Adding a hydrochloric acid solution with the concentration of 4mol/L into the mixed slurry prepared in the step (1), wherein the mass ratio of the mixed slurry to the hydrochloric acid is 5:4, ultrasonically acidifying for 0.5 hour under the water bath condition of 80 ℃, pouring the slurry into a hydrothermal reaction kettle, and reacting for 24 hours under the condition of 100 ℃ to obtain acidified slurry;
(3) Adding ammonia water with the mass fraction of 15% into the acidified slurry prepared in the step (2) while stirring the acidified slurry to neutralize the acidified slurry to a pH value of 8, and then carrying out ultrasonic treatment on the neutralized slurry for 1 hour under the water bath condition of 75 ℃ to obtain neutralized slurry;
(4) Filtering the precipitate in the neutralization slurry prepared in the step (3), and washing the precipitate to 7.3 with clear water to obtain a washing precipitate;
(5) And (5) drying the washing precipitate prepared in the step (4) at 110 ℃ to constant weight to obtain the activated red mud of the embodiment.
A preparation method of a light functional ceramic tile comprises the following steps:
(1) Weighing the raw materials according to the raw material components of the light functional ceramic tile, adding 0.5 part of sodium acrylate and 65 parts of water, mixing, and performing ball milling for 5 hours to obtain slurry with the fineness of 250 meshes and the screen residue of 0.05 percent;
(2) Drying and granulating the slurry prepared in the step (1), wherein the water content of the granulated powder is 8%, and the grain composition is as follows: more than 20 meshes of particles are less than or equal to 1 percent, more than 40 percent and less than or equal to 40 meshes of particles are less than or equal to 60 percent, and less than 100 meshes of particles are less than or equal to 4.5 percent, and the obtained particle powder is pressed and molded under the pressure of 30MPa and then dried to obtain a green body;
(3) And (3) heating the green body prepared from the ceramic (2) from normal temperature to 950 ℃ at the heating rate of 20 ℃/min, sintering at 950 ℃, and keeping the temperature for 30min to obtain the light functional ceramic tile.
Example 3
A light functional ceramic tile comprises the following raw material components in parts by weight:
wherein: the red mud comprises the following chemical components in percentage by weight: siO 2 2 21.4％、Al 2 O 3 7.6％、Fe 2 O 3 11.2％、TiO 2 1.9％、CaO 36.4％、MgO 1.2％、K 2 O 0.3％、Na 2 0.2 percent of O and 19.8 percent of loss on ignition.
The volcanic mud comprises the following chemical components in percentage by weight: siO 2 2 65.0％、Al 2 O 3 11.1％、Fe 2 O 3 0.8％、TiO 2 0.05％、CaO 1.9％、MgO 2.4％、K 2 O 2.4％、Na 2 3.9 percent of O and 12.45 percent of loss on ignition.
The preparation method of the activated red mud comprises the following steps:
(1) Mixing the red mud, starch and water according to a mass ratio of 25.1;
(2) Adding a hydrochloric acid solution with the concentration of 2mol/L into the mixed slurry prepared in the step (1), wherein the mass ratio of the mixed slurry to the hydrochloric acid is 5:6, ultrasonically acidifying for 1.5 hours under the condition of a water bath at the temperature of 85 ℃, pouring the slurry into a hydrothermal reaction kettle, and reacting for 0.1 hour at the temperature of 125 ℃ to obtain acidified slurry;
(3) While stirring the acidified slurry prepared in the step (2), adding 23% by mass of ammonia water to neutralize the acidified slurry until the pH value is 8.5, and then ultrasonically treating the neutralized slurry for 0.5 hour under the water bath condition of 70 ℃ to obtain neutralized slurry;
(4) Filtering the precipitate in the neutralization slurry prepared in the step (3), and washing the precipitate to 6.7 by using clear water to obtain a washing precipitate;
(5) And (4) drying the water-washed precipitate prepared in the step (4) at 110 ℃ to constant weight to obtain the activated red mud of the embodiment.
A preparation method of a light functional ceramic tile comprises the following steps:
(1) Weighing the raw materials according to the raw material components of the light functional ceramic tile, adding 3 parts of sodium hexametaphosphate and 150 parts of water, mixing, and performing ball milling for 5 hours to obtain slurry with the fineness of 250 meshes and the screen residue of 0.05 percent;
(2) Drying and granulating the slurry prepared in the step (1), wherein the granulated powder has a water content of 8%, and the grain composition is as follows: the grain with more than 20 meshes is less than or equal to 1 percent, the grain with more than 40 percent is less than or equal to 60 percent and the grain with less than 100 meshes is less than or equal to 4.5 percent, and the obtained granular powder is pressed and molded under the pressure of 30MPa and then dried to obtain a green body;
(3) And (3) heating the green body prepared from the ceramic (2) from normal temperature to 750 ℃ at the heating rate of 20 ℃/min, sintering at 750 ℃, and preserving heat for 30min to obtain the light functional ceramic tile.
Comparative example 1
Comparative example 1 differs from example 1 only in that: the raw material components of the light functional ceramic tile in comparative example 1 are not added with the activated red mud, and the types and the addition amounts of other raw materials, the activated red mud and the preparation method of the light functional ceramic tile are the same as those in example 1.
Comparative example 2
Comparative example 2 differs from example 1 only in that: the activated red mud of the comparative example 2 is prepared without adding starch, and the types and the addition amounts of other raw materials and the preparation method of the light functional ceramic tile are the same as those of the example 1.
Comparative example 3
Comparative example 3 differs from example 1 only in that: the raw material components of the light functional ceramic tile of the comparative example 3 adopt the same amount of clay to replace volcanic mud, and the types and the addition amounts of other raw materials, the activated red mud and the preparation method of the light functional ceramic tile are the same as those of the embodiment 1.
Comparative example 4
Comparative example 4 differs from example 1 only in that: the raw material components of the light functional ceramic tile of the comparative example 4 adopt the same amount of potassium feldspar to replace borax, and the types and the addition amounts of other raw materials, the activated red mud and the preparation method of the light functional ceramic tile are the same as those of the example 1.
Comparative example 5
Comparative example 5 differs from example 1 only in that: the raw material components of the light functional ceramic tile of the comparative example 5 are not added with coal dust, and the types and addition amounts of other raw materials, the activated red mud and the preparation method of the light functional ceramic tile are the same as those of the example 1.
Performance testing
1. Microstructure and pore size distribution
FIG. 1 is an SEM image of a lightweight functional ceramic tile prepared in example 1, and it can be seen from FIG. 1 that a large number of interconnected pores are present in the product, and the pore diameter is in the mesoporous range of 2-50 nm.
FIG. 2 is an SEM image of a lightweight functional ceramic tile prepared in comparative example 1, and it can be seen from FIG. 2 that the diameter of the holes inside the product is significantly larger than that of example 1, and the ratio of mesopores of 2-50nm is significantly smaller than that of example 1.
Meanwhile, the pore structures in fig. 1 and 2 are three-dimensional connected structures.
Fig. 3 is a graph of the pore size distribution of the activated red mud prepared in example 1, wherein: the abscissa pore width represents the pore diameter; the ordinate pore volume represents the pore volume. As can be seen from FIG. 3, the pore size distribution of the activated red mud is mainly centered at 3-10nm.
2. Product performance
The samples of the lightweight functional ceramic tiles prepared in examples 1 to 3 and comparative examples 1 to 5 were subjected to density, apparent porosity, average flexural strength and moisture absorption and release tests. Wherein: the density and the apparent porosity are tested according to GB/T3810.3-2016 ceramic tile test method part 3, determination of water absorption, apparent porosity, apparent relative density and volume weight; the average flexural strength is tested according to GB T3810.4-2016 ceramic tile test method part 4 determination of modulus of rupture and breaking strength; the moisture absorption and desorption capacity is tested according to JC/T2002-2009 test method for moisture absorption and desorption performance of building materials, and the test results are shown in Table 1.
Table 1: comparison of Properties of lightweight functional ceramic tiles of examples 1-3 and comparative examples 1-5
As can be seen from Table 1: the products prepared in the examples 1 to 3 have good average flexural strength and moisture absorption and release capacity, and have good mechanical properties and humidity conditioning functions. In comparative examples 1 to 5, the raw materials of example 1 were not added or other raw materials with similar raw material components were used instead of the raw materials of the present invention, and the products could not have both good mechanical properties and humidity control functions.
It will be obvious to those skilled in the art that many simple deductions or substitutions can be made without inventive work without departing from the spirit of the invention. Therefore, simple modifications to the present invention by those skilled in the art according to the present disclosure should be within the scope of the present invention. The above embodiments are preferred embodiments of the present invention, and all similar processes and equivalent variations to those of the present invention should fall within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. The light functional ceramic tile is characterized by comprising the following raw material components in parts by weight:
the activating raw materials of the activated red mud comprise starch, acid solution and alkali solution; the fluxing agent comprises borax;
the preparation method of the activated red mud comprises the following steps:
(1) Adding water into red mud and starch, and performing wet ball milling to obtain mixed slurry;
(2) Adding an acid solution into the mixed slurry prepared in the step (1), heating for the first time, carrying out water bath ultrasonic treatment for the first time, heating for the second time, and carrying out hydrothermal reaction to obtain acidified slurry;
(3) Adding an alkali solution into the acidified slurry prepared in the step (2), neutralizing until the pH value is 8-9, and performing second water bath ultrasonic treatment to obtain neutralized slurry;
(4) Filtering the precipitate in the neutralization slurry prepared in the step (3), washing with water, separating the precipitate until the pH value is 7.0 +/-0.3, and obtaining a washing precipitate;
(5) And (5) drying the water-washed precipitate prepared in the step (4) to constant weight to obtain the activated red mud.
2. The light-weight functional ceramic tile according to claim 1, wherein the chemical composition of the red mud is, in weight percent: siO 2 2 21.4-24.7％、Al 2 O 3 4.6-7.6％、Fe 2 O 3 9.2-11.2％、TiO 2 1.9-3.9％、CaO 36.2-42.2％、MgO 0.3-1.3％、K 2 O 0.2-0.4％、Na 2 0.2 to 0.8 percent of O and 13.7 to 19.7 percent of loss on ignition.
3. The lightweight functional ceramic tile as claimed in claim 1, wherein the chemical composition of the volcanic mud is, in weight percent: siO 2 2 65-68％、Al 2 O 3 11-13％、Fe 2 O 3 0.2-0.8％、TiO 2 0.01-0.05％、CaO 1-2％、MgO 1.5-2.5％、K 2 O 1.5-2.5％、Na 2 O2-4% and loss on ignition 12.5-14%.
4. The lightweight functional ceramic tile as claimed in claim 1, wherein the mixed slurry comprises, in parts by weight: 20-30 parts of red mud, 0.1-5 parts of starch and 65-75 parts of water.
5. The lightweight functional ceramic tile as claimed in claim 1, wherein in step (2), the acid solution is 2-6mol/L hydrochloric acid; the mass ratio of the mixed slurry to the acid solution is 5: (4-6); the first heating is carried out to 70-85 ℃, and the time of the first water bath ultrasonic treatment is 0.5-2 hours; the temperature is raised to 100-150 ℃ for the second time, and the duration of the hydrothermal reaction is 0.1-24 hours.
6. The lightweight functional ceramic tile as claimed in claim 1, wherein in step (3), the alkali solution is 15-28wt% ammonia water; the temperature of the second water bath ultrasonic treatment is 70-85 ℃, and the time duration is 0.5-2 hours; in the step (4), the drying temperature is 100-200 ℃.
7. The method for preparing the light-weight functional ceramic tile as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized by comprising the following steps:
after carrying out wet ball milling on the raw materials, drying, granulating, ageing, press forming, drying and sintering to obtain the light functional ceramic tile; the sintering temperature is 750-900 ℃.
8. Use of the lightweight functional ceramic tile according to any one of claims 1 to 6 in building interior walls or building exterior walls.
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| CN104045374A (en) * | 2014-06-26 | 2014-09-17 | 刘海锋 | Red mud porous material |
| CN107572920A (en) * | 2017-09-19 | 2018-01-12 | 南宁沃森生态生物科技有限公司 | A kind of red mud ground polymers foamed building block and preparation method thereof |
| CN108359435A (en) * | 2018-02-06 | 2018-08-03 | 西南石油大学 | A kind of anchorage liquid prepared using red mud, slag and rejected well drilling liquid |
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| CN110857251A (en) * | 2018-08-22 | 2020-03-03 | 中国科学院过程工程研究所 | Preparation method of fly ash-based heat-insulating foamed ceramic |
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| CN114163256B (en) * | 2021-11-16 | 2022-12-23 | 山东大学 | Porous capsule noise reduction and sound insulation material and preparation method and application thereof |
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| CN111747696A (en) * | 2020-07-09 | 2020-10-09 | 中国科学院武汉岩土力学研究所 | Geopolymer concrete based on household garbage incineration slag and red mud and preparation method thereof |
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