CN114163256B

CN114163256B - Porous capsule noise reduction and sound insulation material and preparation method and application thereof

Info

Publication number: CN114163256B
Application number: CN202111354916.3A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 周勇; 张健; 左志武; 李召峰; 王川; 于婷婷; 栗剑; 惠冰; 王凯; 陈朋; 张宁; 张文俊; 孟祥龙; 付建村; 马士杰
Original assignee: Shandong University; Shandong High Speed Group Co Ltd; Shandong Transportation Institute
Current assignee: Shandong University; Shandong High Speed Group Co Ltd; Shandong Transportation Institute
Priority date: 2021-11-16
Filing date: 2021-11-16
Publication date: 2022-12-23
Anticipated expiration: 2041-11-16
Also published as: CN114163256A

Abstract

The invention discloses a preparation method and application of a porous capsule noise reduction and sound insulation material, which comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 5-55 parts of red mud, 0-50 parts of other solid wastes, 10-60 parts of alkali activator, 3-10 parts of foaming agent, 0.5-2 parts of foam stabilizer, 1-5 parts of fiber and 0-2 parts of retarder, wherein the water-to-gel ratio is 0.5-0.8; the foaming agent is selected from an animal protein foaming agent, a plant protein foaming agent, an FP type foaming agent or an AB composite foaming agent. The porous capsule body noise reduction and sound insulation material is a light material formed by preparing foaming agent solution into foam by a physical method, mixing and stirring the foam with a cementing material, water, an admixture, an additive and the like according to a certain proportion and hardening through a physical and chemical action. The composite material has the advantages of light weight, high strength, adjustable strength and density, good fluidity, sound absorption and insulation, heat preservation and insulation, energy absorption and shock resistance and the like, and has wide application prospect.

Description

Porous capsule noise reduction and sound insulation material and preparation method and application thereof

Technical Field

The invention relates to a preparation method of a noise-reducing sound-insulating material, in particular to a preparation method and application of a porous capsule noise-reducing sound-insulating material.

Background

The statements herein merely provide background information related to the present disclosure and may not necessarily constitute prior art.

In recent years, with the rapid development of economic society and the deep promotion of the strategy implementation of 'strong traffic countries', the highway mileage is more and more, and the traffic noise environment can bring anxiety and dysphoric mood to the driver, influence the attention and the reaction speed of the driver and increase the potential safety hazard of driving. In addition, automobiles, trains, high-speed trains, subways and the like are gradually increased, the running speed of the trains is gradually increased, the noise pollution is more and more serious, and the life and the work of people in units such as surrounding residential areas, hospitals, schools and the like are seriously influenced. The people are easy to be tired and vexed even hearing deficiency, cardiovascular diseases, digestive system diseases and the like are caused when the people are in a noise environment for a long time. The traditional sound absorption barriers on roads mainly comprise glass sound barriers, concrete sound barriers, metal sound barriers, PVC (polyvinyl chloride) plate sound barriers and the like. The glass sound barrier and the concrete sound barrier have low sound absorption coefficient and poor sound absorption performance, the metal sound barrier has high cost, metal is easy to rust, and the PVC plate sound barrier only insulates sound and does not absorb sound. In order to improve the health and life quality of people, the treatment of noise pollution is more urgent, and higher requirements are put on noise control materials.

Disclosure of Invention

Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention aims to provide a preparation method and application of a porous capsule noise-reducing and sound-insulating material. The porous capsule noise-reducing and sound-insulating material is a light material formed by preparing foaming agent solution into foam by a physical method, mixing and stirring the foam with a cementing material, water, an admixture, an additive and the like according to a certain proportion, and hardening through a physical and chemical action. The composite material has the advantages of light weight, high strength, adjustable strength and density, good fluidity, sound absorption and insulation, heat preservation and insulation, energy absorption and shock resistance and the like, and has wide application prospect.

In order to achieve the purpose, the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:

in a first aspect, a porous capsule noise reduction and sound insulation material is provided, which is composed of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 5-55 parts of red mud, 0-50 parts of other solid wastes, 10-60 parts of alkali activator, 3-10 parts of foaming agent, 0.5-2 parts of foam stabilizer, 1-5 parts of fiber and 0-2 parts of retarder, wherein the water-to-glue ratio is 0.5-0.8;

the foaming agent is selected from an animal protein foaming agent, a plant protein foaming agent, an FP type foaming agent (such as an FP-186 type foaming agent) or an AB composite foaming agent;

the AB composite foaming agent is prepared by mixing a rosin soap foaming agent and an AES foaming agent; specifically, the foaming agent is prepared by mixing 50% of rosin soap foaming agent and 50% of AES foaming agent.

In some embodiments, the red mud is any one of a sintered process red mud, a bayer process red mud, or a combined process red mud. And can be selected according to working conditions.

In some embodiments, the other solid waste is selected from a mixture of one or more of fly ash, granulated blast furnace slag powder, desulfurized gypsum, coal gangue, silica fume, industrial waste, industrial tailings, or lime.

Further, the fly ash is F-grade fly ash or C-grade fly ash;

or the mineral powder is S75 grade mineral powder, S95 grade mineral powder or S105 grade mineral powder;

or the industrial waste residue is steel slag, phosphorous slag, manganese slag or calcium silicate slag;

or the industrial tailings are copper tailings, iron tailings, phosphorus tailings or tungsten tailings.

Further, other solid wastes are coal ash or/and mineral powder.

Furthermore, the fineness of other solid wastes is that the screen residue of a square-hole screen with the fineness of 45 mu m is less than 12 percent.

In some embodiments, the alkali activator is selected from cement, sodium hydroxide, water glass, potassium hydroxide, or potassium silicate.

Further, the modulus of the water glass is 0.5M-3.5M.

In some embodiments, the cement is selected from portland cement, aluminate cement, sulphoaluminate cement, or aluminoferrite cement.

In some embodiments, the foam stabilizer is selected from calcium stearate, cellulose ethers, polyacrylamides, gelatin, xanthan gum, polyvinyl amine (PVAm), high temperature resistant water soluble polymers (HP), amphiphilic polymers, hydrophobically associative polymers, or rice pulp.

In some embodiments, the fibers are selected from polyethylene fibers, polypropylene fibers, polyvinyl alcohol fibers, carbon fibers, basalt fibers, glass fibers, rubber fibers, PVA fibers, or wood flour fibers.

Further, the fibers are selected from carbon fibers, polyethylene fibers, polypropylene fibers or polyvinyl alcohol fibers.

In some embodiments, the set retarder is selected from citric acids, phosphates, lignosulfonates, or zinc salts.

In a second aspect, a method for preparing the porous capsule noise-reducing and sound-insulating material is provided, which comprises the following steps:

uniformly mixing red mud, other solid wastes, an alkali activator, a foam stabilizer, fibers, a retarder and water in proportion to obtain slurry;

mixing a foaming agent and water for foaming;

and injecting foam into the slurry, uniformly mixing, injecting, molding and maintaining to obtain the porous capsule noise reduction and sound insulation material.

In some embodiments, the slurry is prepared by mixing the components for 60 to 240 seconds.

In some embodiments, the foam is prepared with a blowing agent to water mass ratio of 1.

In some embodiments, the foam is mixed with the slurry for a period of 90 to 240 seconds.

In a third aspect, the invention provides an application of the porous capsule body noise reduction and sound insulation material in preparation of a sound absorption barrier.

The beneficial effects achieved by one or more of the embodiments of the invention described above are as follows:

1. the multi-source solid wastes are used as raw materials, so that the problems of high cost and high energy consumption in the preparation process of the traditional cement-based bubble light soil using cement as the raw material are solved.

2. The red mud in the raw materials is industrial solid waste discharged during the extraction of alumina in the aluminum production industry, the discharge amount is up to millions of tons every year, and a large amount of land is occupied in the stacking process, and soil pollution and underground water pollution are caused. The invention can solve the problem of solid waste stockpiling by utilizing a large amount of red mud, and the red mud has small particle size and micro-aggregate effect; is rich in silicon aluminum elements and has the potential of preparing gelled materials.

3. Mineral powder in other solid wastes of the raw material can exist in the bubble light soil sound-absorbing material in the form of fine aggregate, so that the pore structure is improved, the pore diameter is refined and homogenized, and the impermeability, freeze-thaw resistance and durability are improved; the hydration heat is reduced, the segregation and the bleeding are reduced, and the temperature shrinkage crack is reduced; can resist the corrosion of sulfate and is suitable for public works exposed for a long time. The gypsum in other solid wastes of the raw material has a microporous structure and heating dehydration property, so that the gypsum has excellent sound insulation, heat insulation and fire resistance.

4. Based on the concept of multi-source solid waste synergy, the defect of poor performance of single solid waste is optimized, and various performances of the porous capsule noise reduction and sound insulation material are improved.

5. Compared with a chemical foaming agent, the physical foaming agent can be used for preparing more uniform and fine foam, the generation rate and the generation amount of the foam can be better controlled, the doping amount of the foam can be better controlled, and the sound absorption performance, the density and the compressive strength of the porous capsule noise reduction and sound insulation material can be better controlled.

6. The preparation process is simple, the first is that the equipment is simple, and only a foaming machine and a stirrer are needed; and secondly, the curing is simple, the curing can be carried out at normal temperature, and high-temperature curing and steam-pressure curing are not needed.

Detailed Description

It is to be understood that the following detailed description is exemplary and is intended to provide further explanation of the invention as claimed. Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs.

Example 1

1) Taking 30 parts of Bayer process red mud, 30 parts of S95-grade mineral powder, 15 parts of F-type fly ash, 15 parts of 3.3M sodium silicate, 6 parts of FP-186 type foaming agent, 1.5 parts of calcium stearate and 2.5 parts of polyethylene fiber, wherein the water-to-gel ratio is 0.65;

2) Pouring the Bayer process red mud, the S95-grade mineral powder, the F-class fly ash, the 3.3M sodium silicate, the calcium stearate, the polyethylene fibers and water (the water-to-gel ratio is 0.65) into a stirrer, and stirring for 90S to obtain slurry;

3) Mixing an FP-186 type foaming agent and water according to the ratio of 1: diluting the mixture according to the proportion of 60 to prepare a diluent, and pressurizing the diluent by a foaming machine to prepare bubbles;

4) And (3) conveying the foam into a stirrer, stirring for 90s, pouring the foam into a mould for forming, removing the mould after 48h, covering the foam with a plastic film, and testing various performances of the porous capsule noise-reducing and sound-insulating material after putting the foam into a standard curing room for curing for 28 days.

Example 2

1) Taking 40 parts of Bayer process red mud, 40 parts of P.O 42.5 ordinary portland cement, 10 parts of desulfurized gypsum, 5.5 parts of FP-186 type foaming agent, 1.5 parts of calcium stearate, 2.5 parts of polyethylene fiber and 0.5 part of phosphate retarder, wherein the water-to-gel ratio is 0.75;

2) Pouring the Bayer process red mud, the P.O 42.5 ordinary portland cement, the desulfurized gypsum, the calcium stearate, the polyethylene fibers, the phosphate retarder and water (the water-cement ratio is 0.75) into a stirrer and stirring for 90 seconds to obtain slurry;

3) Mixing an FP-186 type foaming agent and water according to the ratio of 1: diluting the mixture according to the proportion of 40 to prepare a diluent, and pressurizing the diluent by a foaming machine to prepare bubbles;

4) And (3) conveying the foam into a stirrer, stirring for 60 seconds, pouring the foam into a mould for forming, removing the mould after 48 hours, covering with a plastic film, and curing in a standard curing room for 28 days to test various performances of the porous capsule noise-reducing and sound-insulating material.

Example 3

1) Taking 36 parts of Bayer process red mud, 55 parts of P.O 42.5 ordinary portland cement, 5.3 parts of FP-186 type foaming agent, 1.2 parts of hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose ether and 2.5 parts of polyethylene fiber, wherein the water-to-gel ratio is 0.6;

2) Pouring the Bayer process red mud, the P.O 42.5 ordinary portland cement, the hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose ether, the polyethylene fibers and water (the water-to-gel ratio is 0.6) into a stirrer and stirring for 90s to obtain slurry;

Example 4

1) Taking 40 parts of Bayer process red mud, 30 parts of P.O 42.5 ordinary portland cement, 20 parts of F-type fly ash, 5 parts of FP-186 type foaming agent, 1 part of hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose ether, 2 parts of polyethylene fiber and 2 parts of polyvinyl alcohol fiber, wherein the water-to-gel ratio is 0.6;

2) Pouring the Bayer process red mud, the P.O 42.5 ordinary portland cement, the F-type fly ash, the hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose ether, the polyethylene fibers, the polyvinyl alcohol fibers and water (the water-to-gel ratio is 0.6) into a stirrer and stirring for 90s to obtain slurry;

4) And (3) conveying the foam into a stirrer, stirring for 90s, pouring into a mould for forming, removing the mould after 48h, covering with a plastic film, and curing in a standard curing room for 28 days to test various performances of the porous capsule noise-reducing and sound-insulating material.

Example 5

The foaming agent of FP-186 type in example 3 was replaced with an animal hair foaming agent, and the procedure was otherwise the same as in example 3.

Example 6

The foaming agent FP-186 in the example 3 is replaced by the plant tea saponin foaming agent, and the rest is the same as the example 3.

Example 7

The FP-186 type foaming agent of example 3 was replaced with an AB composite foaming agent (prepared by mixing 50% of rosin soap foaming agent and 50% of AES foaming agent), and the procedure was otherwise the same as in example 3.

Comparative example 1

The FP-186 type foaming agent in example 3 was replaced with hydrogen peroxide, and the rest was the same as in example 3.

Comparative example 2

The polyethylene fiber in example 3 was omitted, and the procedure was otherwise the same as in example 3.

Comparative example 3

The material composition is as follows: 3 parts of solid sodium silicate (m = 2.0), 30 parts of slag, 40 parts of red mud, 12 parts of fly ash, 0.15 part of calcium stearate and 14.85 parts of hydrogen peroxide foaming agent with the mass concentration of 10%.

The above formula is prepared by the following method:

(1) Firstly, adding solid water glass powder, slag and a foam stabilizer into a stirrer in a certain proportion in no sequence, and then uniformly mixing by using a gravity-free stirrer at a rotating speed of 60r/min for 20min to obtain an excitation material;

(2) Stirring at a rotating speed of 60r/min, adding the red mud and water into a stirrer in proportion, stirring for 15min, uniformly mixing, adding the foaming agent into the stirrer in proportion, stirring for 3min, pouring into a mold after stirring, and maintaining for 5 hours at normal temperature;

(3) Cutting the hardened red mud porous material into required sizes, feeding the red mud porous material into an autoclave, and curing the red mud porous material for 10 hours under the pressure of 0.8MPa to obtain a finished product.

Comparative example 4

A sound absorption material comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 60.76 percent of granulated blast furnace slag, 14.7 percent of water glass, 23.28 percent of water, 0.36 percent of hydrogen peroxide, 0.06 percent of potassium permanganate, 0.73 percent of calcium stearate and 0.11 percent of polypropylene fiber;

the preparation method comprises the following steps:

s1, pouring the granulated blast furnace slag and the calcium stearate powder into a stirrer according to a proportion, stirring for 3min, and uniformly mixing;

s2, mixing water glass, potassium permanganate and water according to a ratio, uniformly stirring to form a solution, pouring the obtained solution into the powder obtained in the step S1, and fully stirring for 45S to prepare slurry;

s3, mixing and stirring the polypropylene fibers and the slurry obtained in the step S2 for 15S according to the proportion, and then adding hydrogen peroxide into the mixture within 5S and fully stirring the mixture for 10S to prepare foamed slurry;

s4, pouring the foaming slurry prepared in the step S3 into a test mold, demolding after molding for 24 hours, and placing the demolded test piece into a standard curing room for curing for 28 days;

and S5, punching the test piece cured in the step S4 (the hole depth is 10mm, the hole diameter is 8mm, the hole interval is 15mm, the punching rate is 16%, and the material thickness is 60 mm) to obtain the sound absorption material.

The materials obtained in examples 1 to 7 and comparative examples 1 to 4 were subjected to the performance test, and the results are shown in Table 1 below.

TABLE 1 Properties of porous capsule noise reduction and sound insulation Material

From table 1, it can be seen that the physical foaming agent is better than the chemical foaming agent in example 3 than in comparative example 1 in controlling the amount of the foam to control the compressive strength and sound absorption coefficient of the noise reduction and sound insulation material. Example 3 compared with comparative example 2, polyethylene fibers were incorporated, and the fibers had an effect of inhibiting cracking of the sound-insulating and noise-reducing material, thereby improving the properties thereof. The foam of comparative example 3 was prepared by high-speed stirring using a stirrer, and the preparation method had poor stability compared to the foam prepared by pressurization using a foaming machine, thereby affecting various properties of the sound-insulating and noise-reducing material. The comparative example 4 is doped with potassium permanganate and reacts with hydrogen peroxide to generate gas, so that the foaming effect is achieved, compared with the method of singly doping hydrogen peroxide, the performance of the foam is improved, and compared with the comparative example 1, the performance of the noise reduction and sound insulation material is improved.

The porous capsule noise-reducing and sound-insulating material prepared by the invention has higher compressive strength and sound-absorbing coefficient under different densities, has good sound-absorbing effect, and can be used as a noise-reducing and sound-insulating material.

The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention, and various modifications and changes may be made by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. The utility model provides a noise reduction and sound insulation material of porous utricule which characterized in that: the composition is characterized by comprising the following raw materials in parts by weight: 5-55 parts of red mud, 0-50 parts of other solid wastes, 10-60 parts of alkali activator, 3-10 parts of foaming agent, 0.5-2 parts of foam stabilizer, 1-5 parts of fiber and 0-2 parts of retarder, wherein the water-to-glue ratio is 0.5-0.8;

the foaming agent is selected from FP type foaming agents;

other solid wastes are coal ash or/and mineral powder;

the fly ash is F-grade fly ash or C-grade fly ash;

the fineness of other solid wastes is that the screen residue of a square-hole screen with the fineness of 45 mu m is less than 12 percent;

the alkali activator is selected from cement, sodium hydroxide, water glass, potassium hydroxide or potassium silicate;

the modulus of the water glass is 0.5M-3.5M;

the weight part of other solid wastes is not 0;

the weight part of the retarder is not 0.

2. The cellular bladder noise reduction and sound insulation material of claim 1, wherein: the red mud is any one of sintering process red mud, bayer process red mud or combination process red mud.

3. The cellular bladder noise reduction and sound insulation material of claim 1, wherein: the cement is selected from portland cement, aluminate cement, sulphoaluminate cement or ferro-aluminate cement;

the foam stabilizer is selected from calcium stearate, cellulose ether, polyacrylamide, gelatin, xanthan gum and polyvinyl amine.

4. The cellular bladder noise reduction and sound insulation material of claim 1, wherein: the fiber is selected from carbon fiber, polyethylene fiber, polypropylene fiber or polyvinyl alcohol fiber;

the retarder is selected from citric acid, phosphate, lignosulfonate or zinc salt.

5. The method for preparing the porous capsule body noise reduction and sound insulation material of any one of claims 1 to 4, which is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:

mixing a foaming agent and water for foaming;

6. The method for preparing the porous capsule noise-reducing and sound-insulating material according to claim 5, wherein the method comprises the following steps: and when the slurry is prepared, the components are mixed and stirred for 60-240s.

7. The method for preparing the porous capsule noise-reducing and sound-insulating material according to claim 5, wherein the method comprises the following steps: when the foam is prepared, the mass ratio of the foaming agent to water is 1;

mixing the foam and the slurry for 90-240s.

8. Use of the cellular bladder noise reduction and sound insulation material of any one of claims 1 to 4 in the manufacture of sound absorbing barriers.