CN115009037B - 一种电动汽车辅助驾驶节能控制系统的控制方法 - Google Patents
一种电动汽车辅助驾驶节能控制系统的控制方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种电动汽车辅助驾驶节能控制系统及控制方法,电动汽车辅助驾驶节能控制系统包括:外部感知传感器,所述外部感知传感器用于采集车辆外部环境数据;内部感知传感器,所述内部感知传感器用于采集驾驶员信息;辅助驾驶控制器ADS,所述辅助驾驶控制器用于将外部感知传感器和内部感知传感器采集到的车辆外部环境数据及驾驶员信息进行处理;整车控制器VCU,所述整车控制器用于接收辅助驾驶控制器发送的外部环境及车辆行人信息进行处理,并向辅助驾驶节能控制系统中的各个模块发送控制指令。本发明提供了一种电动汽车辅助驾驶节能控制系统及控制方法,用于在车辆辅助驾驶功能开启后,优化能量回收功能,将能量回收起到节能以及变相提高车辆续驶里程的能力。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种电动汽车辅助驾驶节能控制系统的控制方法。
背景技术
电动汽车市场占有率越来越高,辅助驾驶的电动汽车也慢慢成为主流,目前带有辅助驾驶功能的电动汽车的能量回收策略仍然延续了非辅助驾驶汽车的能量回收策略,甚至有些车辆在辅助驾驶功能开启后,关闭能量回收功能或者将能量回收功能降到最低。
现有产品中,电动汽车在辅助驾驶功能开启后,能量回收利用率低,不利于电动汽车的推广和发展,有些车辆甚至在部分辅助驾驶功能开启后,关闭了能量回收功能,造成了资源浪费及车辆续驶里程降低等问题。
发明内容
本发明所要解决的技术问题是,克服现有技术的不足,本发明提供了一种电动汽车辅助驾驶节能控制系统的控制方法,用于在车辆辅助驾驶功能开启后,优化能量回收功能,将能量回收起到节能以及变相提高车辆续驶里程的能力。
为了解决上述技术问题,本发明的技术方案是:
本发明一方面提供一种电动汽车辅助驾驶节能控制系统,它包括:
外部感知传感器,所述外部感知传感器用于采集车辆外部环境数据;
内部感知传感器,所述内部感知传感器用于采集驾驶员信息;
辅助驾驶控制器ADS,所述辅助驾驶控制器用于将外部感知传感器和内部感知传感器采集到的车辆外部环境数据及驾驶员信息进行处理;
整车控制器VCU,所述整车控制器用于接收辅助驾驶控制器发送的外部环境及车辆行人信息进行处理,并向辅助驾驶节能控制系统中的各个模块发送控制指令;
液压制动系统,所述液压制动系统用于利用液压对车辆进行制动;
电机控制器MCU,所述电机控制器用于接收整车控制器的扭矩请求,驱动电机工作,进行电能回收;
动力电池,所述动力电池用于为车辆提供动力,并存储回收的电能;
电池管理系统BMS,所述电池管理系统用于监控动力电池状态,采集电流信息。
进一步,所述车辆外部环境数据包括行人数据、车道线数据和前方车辆数据。
本发明另一方面提供一种电动汽车辅助驾驶节能控制系统的控制方法,它包括:
步骤S1、车辆上电启动初始化完成,判断车辆是否进入辅助驾驶模式AD_Model,若进入辅助驾驶模式AD_Model,则进入步骤S2;若车辆未进入辅助驾驶模式AD_Model,则所有能量回收按照原定策略进行;
步骤S2、当车辆进入辅助驾驶模式后,辅助驾驶控制器ADS根据外部感知传感器采集到的车辆外部环境数据进行识别分类,感知车辆外部环境情况并进行判断,将判断出的车辆外部环境情况信息传送至整车控制器VCU;
步骤S3、车辆进入辅助驾驶模式后,辅助驾驶控制器ADS根据内部感知传感器采集的驾驶员信息得到第一制动力分配影响系数a1,动力电池管理系统BMS根据采集到的电压及电流信息得到第二制动力分配影响系数a2,并将第一制动力分配影响系数a1和第二制动力分配影响系数a2发送至整车控制器VCU;
步骤S4、整车控制器VCU接收到辅助驾驶控制器ADS发送的第一制动力分配影响系数a1和电池管理系统BMS发送的第二制动力分配影响系数a2,通过多项式拟合得到请求制动力f,所述请求制动力f的表达式为:
f=a1*f液压+a2*f电机;
其中,f液压和f电机为原制动力分配中制动力map的信息;
步骤S5、在辅助驾驶模式下,辅助驾驶控制器ADS检测车辆外部环境信息是否需要制动;当需要制动时,整车控制器VCU根据需求车速计算响应请求,并根据制动力影响权重系数,进行制动力分配;当不需要制动时,整车控制器VCU根据车辆信息和外部路面信息进行滑行能量回收。
进一步,,所述步骤S3具体包括如下步骤:
步骤S31、车辆进入辅助驾驶模式后,辅助驾驶控制器ADS根据内部感知传感器采集的驾驶员信息,判断驾驶员的年龄、性别及精神状态进行感知融合分类,得到第一制动力分配影响系数a1,并将第一制动力分配影响系数a1发送至整车控制器VCU;
步骤S32、车辆进入辅助驾驶模式后,动力电池管理系统BMS根据车辆行驶状态,通过采集到的电压及电流信息判断驾驶员驾驶习惯及路况平顺性信息,拟合得到第二制动力分配影响系数a2,并将第二制动力分配影响系数a2发送至整车控制器VCU。
进一步,所述第一制动力分配影响系数a1∈[0,1]。
进一步,所述第二制动力分配影响系数a2∈[0,1]。
进一步,所述步骤S5具体包括如下步骤:
步骤S51、在辅助驾驶模式下,辅助驾驶控制器ADS检测车辆外部环境信息需要进行制动时,辅助驾驶控制器ADS将需要的需求车速发送至整车控制器VCU,整车控制器VCU根据需求车速计算制动响应请求,并根据制动力影响权重系数,进行液压制动和电机制动的分配;
步骤S52、在辅助驾驶模式下,辅助驾驶控制器ADS检测车辆外部环境信息不需要制动时,辅助驾驶控制器ADS根据车辆信息和外部路面信息进行滑行能量回收,由整车控制器VCU根据辅助驾驶控制器ADS的信息以及动力电池管理系统BMS的信息进行判断后,向电机控制器MCU发送电机制动请求,进行滑行能量回收。
进一步,所述步骤S52中进行滑行能量回收的前提是:根据电池管理系统BMS检测到的动力电池剩余电量SOC进行判断。
进一步,所述动力电池剩余电量SOC的判断策略为:
当动力电池剩余电量SOC≥95%时,不进行制动能量回收,即第二制动力分配影响系数a2=0;
当80%≤动力电池剩余电量SOC<95%时,允许进行制约性制动能量回收,即第二制动力分配影响系数a2为(0.6~0.8);
当动力电池剩余电量SOC<80%时,允许制动能量回收,第二制动力分配影响系数a2根据实际权重进行选择。
采用了上述技术方案,本发明首先判断是否进入辅助驾驶功能,当驾驶员确认进入辅助驾驶环境后,利用车内感知传感器采集到的驾驶员信息,利用辅助驾驶控制器ADS进行计算得到驾驶员影响系数,通过电池管理系统BMS采集到的车辆驾驶过程中电流及电压变化确认车辆状态系数,拟合得到制动力分配公式,根据不同情况下车辆行驶状态,分配给电机控制器MCU端的制动力,进行能量回收。本发明在电动汽车辅助驾驶情况下,通过优化能量回收功能,在不影响车辆驾驶性的前提下提高能量回收能力,本发明通过软件进行优化控制,不增加任何硬件,能够达到成本可控。
附图说明
图1为本发明的电动汽车辅助驾驶节能控制系统的原理框图;
图2为本发明的电动汽车辅助驾驶节能控制系统的控制方法的流程图;
图3为本发明的动力电池剩余电量SOC的判断策略的流程图。
具体实施方式
为了使本发明的内容更容易被清楚地理解,下面根据具体实施例并结合附图,对本发明作进一步详细的说明。
实施例一
如图1所示,本实施例提供一种电动汽车辅助驾驶节能控制系统,它包括:
外部感知传感器,外部感知传感器用于采集车辆外部环境数据,车辆外部环境数据包括行人数据、车道线数据和前方车辆数据;
内部感知传感器,内部感知传感器用于采集驾驶员信息;
辅助驾驶控制器ADS,辅助驾驶控制器用于将外部感知传感器和内部感知传感器采集到的车辆外部环境数据及驾驶员信息进行处理;
整车控制器VCU,整车控制器作为电动汽车的大脑,整车控制器用于接收辅助驾驶控制器发送的外部环境及车辆行人信息进行处理,并向辅助驾驶节能控制系统中的各个模块发送控制指令;
液压制动系统,液压制动系统用于利用液压对车辆进行制动;
电机控制器MCU,电机控制器用于接收整车控制器的扭矩请求,驱动电机工作,进行电能回收;
动力电池,动力电池用于为车辆提供动力,并存储回收的电能;
电池管理系统BMS,电池管理系统用于监控动力电池状态,采集电流信息。
本实施例的电动汽车辅助驾驶节能控制系统,首先利用辅助驾驶控制器ADS处理感知传感器采集到的外部及内部环境数据,分析是否进入辅助驾驶功能,当驾驶员确认进入辅助驾驶环境后,利用车内感知传感器采集到的驾驶员信息,利用辅助驾驶控制器ADS进行计算得到驾驶员影响系数,及电池管理系统BMS采集到的车辆驾驶过程中电流及电压变化,确认车辆状态系数,最终发给整车控制器VCU根据驾驶员影响系数及车辆状态系数拟合得到制动力分配公式,最终根据不同情况下车辆行驶状态,分配给电机控制器MCU端的制动力,进行能量回收。
实施例二
如图2所示,本实施例提供一种电动汽车辅助驾驶节能控制系统的控制方法,它包括:
步骤S1、车辆上电启动初始化完成,车辆无任何相关故障,车辆状态OK。判断车辆是否进入辅助驾驶模式AD_Model,若进入辅助驾驶模式AD_Model,则进入步骤S2;若车辆未进入辅助驾驶模式AD_Model,则所有能量回收按照原定的非辅助驾驶模式下的策略进行;
步骤S2、当车辆进入辅助驾驶模式后,辅助驾驶控制器ADS根据外部感知传感器采集到的车辆外部环境数据进行识别分类,感知车辆外部环境情况并进行判断,将判断出的车辆外部环境情况信息传送至整车控制器VCU;
步骤S3、车辆进入辅助驾驶模式后,辅助驾驶控制器ADS根据内部感知传感器采集的驾驶员信息得到第一制动力分配影响系数a1,动力电池管理系统BMS根据采集到的电压及电流信息得到第二制动力分配影响系数a2,并将第一制动力分配影响系数a1和第二制动力分配影响系数a2发送至整车控制器VCU;
步骤S4、整车控制器VCU接收到辅助驾驶控制器ADS发送的第一制动力分配影响系数a1和电池管理系统BMS发送的第二制动力分配影响系数a2,通过多项式拟合得到请求制动力f,请求制动力f的表达式为:
f=a1*f液压+a2*f电机;
其中,f液压和f电机为原制动力分配中制动力map的信息;
步骤S5、在辅助驾驶模式下,辅助驾驶控制器ADS检测车辆外部环境信息是否需要制动;当需要制动时,整车控制器VCU根据需求车速计算响应请求,并根据制动力影响权重系数,进行制动力分配;当不需要制动时,整车控制器VCU根据车辆信息和外部路面信息进行滑行能量回收。
具体地,步骤S3具体包括如下步骤:
步骤S31、车辆进入辅助驾驶模式后,辅助驾驶控制器ADS根据内部感知传感器采集的驾驶员信息,判断驾驶员的年龄、性别及精神状态进行感知融合分类,得到第一制动力分配影响系数a1,并将第一制动力分配影响系数a1发送至整车控制器VCU,其中,第一制动力分配影响系数a1∈[0,1];
步骤S32、车辆进入辅助驾驶模式后,动力电池管理系统BMS根据车辆行驶状态,通过采集到的电压及电流信息判断驾驶员驾驶习惯及路况平顺性信息,拟合得到第二制动力分配影响系数a2,并将第二制动力分配影响系数a2发送至整车控制器VCU,其中,第二制动力分配影响系数a2∈[0,1]。
具体地,步骤S5具体包括如下步骤:
步骤S51、在辅助驾驶模式下,辅助驾驶控制器ADS检测车辆外部环境信息需要进行制动时,辅助驾驶控制器ADS将需要的需求车速发送至整车控制器VCU,整车控制器VCU根据需求车速计算制动响应请求,并根据制动力影响权重系数,进行液压制动和电机制动的合理分配,同步提升汽车续驶里程,起到节能的效果;
步骤S52、在辅助驾驶模式下,辅助驾驶控制器ADS检测车辆外部环境信息不需要制动时,辅助驾驶控制器ADS根据车辆信息和外部路面信息进行滑行能量回收,由整车控制器VCU根据辅助驾驶控制器ADS的信息以及动力电池管理系统BMS的信息进行判断后,向电机控制器MCU发送电机制动请求,电动汽车在非制动情况下,也会有能量回收,这种能量回收叫做滑行能量回收,即为在驾驶员未踩刹车的情况下,电机发送滑行能量回收的制动请求,此处所指的制动是请求非人为的,进行滑行能量回收,同步提升汽车续驶里程,起到节能的效果。此处的电机无制动,举例来说,即为电机正向加速提供正扭矩,需要制动时,提供负扭矩。
另外,为了保护动力电池,防止过充影响动力电池寿命及电池安全,步骤S52中进行滑行能量回收的前提是:根据电池管理系统BMS检测到的动力电池剩余电量SOC进行判断。
具体地,如图3所示,动力电池剩余电量SOC的判断策略为:
当动力电池剩余电量SOC≥95%时,为了防止动力电池过充,不进行制动能量回收,即第二制动力分配影响系数a2=0;
当80%≤动力电池剩余电量SOC<95%时,允许进行制约性制动能量回收,即第二制动力分配影响系数a2为(0.6~0.8);
当动力电池剩余电量SOC<80%时,允许制动能量回收,第二制动力分配影响系数a2根据实际权重进行选择。
以上所述的具体实施例,对本发明解决的技术问题、技术方案和有益效果进行了进一步详细说明,所应理解的是,以上所述仅为本发明的具体实施例而已,并不用于限制本发明,凡在本发明的精神和原则之内,所做的任何修改、等同替换、改进等,均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims (7)
1.一种电动汽车辅助驾驶节能控制系统的控制方法,其特征在于,它包括:
所述电动汽车辅助驾驶节能控制系统包括:
外部感知传感器,所述外部感知传感器用于采集车辆外部环境数据;
内部感知传感器,所述内部感知传感器用于采集驾驶员信息;
辅助驾驶控制器ADS,所述辅助驾驶控制器用于将外部感知传感器和内部感知传感器采集到的车辆外部环境数据及驾驶员信息进行处理;
整车控制器VCU,所述整车控制器用于接收辅助驾驶控制器发送的外部环境及车辆行人信息进行处理,并向辅助驾驶节能控制系统中的各个模块发送控制指令;
液压制动系统,所述液压制动系统用于利用液压对车辆进行制动;
电机控制器MCU,所述电机控制器用于接收整车控制器的扭矩请求,驱动电机工作,进行电能回收;
动力电池,所述动力电池用于为车辆提供动力,并存储回收的电能;
电池管理系统BMS,所述电池管理系统用于监控动力电池状态,采集电流信息;
所述车辆外部环境数据包括行人数据、车道线数据和前方车辆数据;
所述电动汽车辅助驾驶节能控制系统的控制方法包括:
步骤S1、车辆上电启动初始化完成,判断车辆是否进入辅助驾驶模式AD_Model,若进入辅助驾驶模式AD_Model,则进入步骤S2;若车辆未进入辅助驾驶模式AD_Model,则所有能量回收按照原定策略进行;
步骤S2、当车辆进入辅助驾驶模式后,辅助驾驶控制器ADS根据外部感知传感器采集到的车辆外部环境数据进行识别分类,感知车辆外部环境情况并进行判断,将判断出的车辆外部环境情况信息传送至整车控制器VCU;
步骤S3、当车辆进入辅助驾驶模式后,辅助驾驶控制器ADS根据内部感知传感器采集的驾驶员信息得到第一制动力分配影响系数a1,动力电池管理系统BMS根据采集到的电压及电流信息得到第二制动力分配影响系数a2,并将第一制动力分配影响系数a1和第二制动力分配影响系数a2发送至整车控制器VCU;
步骤S4、整车控制器VCU接收到辅助驾驶控制器ADS发送的第一制动力分配影响系数a1和电池管理系统BMS发送的第二制动力分配影响系数a2,通过多项式拟合得到请求制动力f,所述请求制动力f的表达式为:
f=a1*f液压+a2*f电机;
其中,f液压和f电机为原制动力分配中制动力map的信息;
步骤S5、在辅助驾驶模式下,辅助驾驶控制器ADS检测车辆外部环境信息是否需要制动;当需要制动时,整车控制器VCU根据需求车速计算响应请求,并根据制动力影响权重系数,进行制动力分配;当不需要制动时,整车控制器VCU根据车辆信息和外部路面信息进行滑行能量回收。
2.根据权利要求1所述的控制方法,其特征在于,所述步骤S3具体包括如下步骤:
步骤S31、车辆进入辅助驾驶模式后,辅助驾驶控制器ADS根据内部感知传感器采集的驾驶员信息,判断驾驶员的年龄、性别及精神状态进行感知融合分类,得到第一制动力分配影响系数a1,并将第一制动力分配影响系数a1发送至整车控制器VCU;
步骤S32、车辆进入辅助驾驶模式后,动力电池管理系统BMS根据车辆行驶状态,通过采集到的电压及电流信息判断驾驶员驾驶习惯及路况平顺性信息,拟合得到第二制动力分配影响系数a2,并将第二制动力分配影响系数a2发送至整车控制器VCU。
3.根据权利要求2所述的控制方法,其特征在于:所述第一制动力分配影响系数a1∈[0,1]。
4.根据权利要求2所述的控制方法,其特征在于:所述第二制动力分配影响系数a2∈[0,1]。
5.根据权利要求1所述的控制方法,其特征在于,所述步骤S5具体包括如下步骤:
步骤S51、在辅助驾驶模式下,辅助驾驶控制器ADS检测车辆外部环境信息需要进行制动时,辅助驾驶控制器ADS将需要的需求车速发送至整车控制器VCU,整车控制器VCU根据需求车速计算制动响应请求,并根据制动力影响权重系数,进行液压制动和电机制动的分配;
步骤S52、在辅助驾驶模式下,辅助驾驶控制器ADS检测车辆外部环境信息不需要制动时,辅助驾驶控制器ADS根据车辆信息和外部路面信息进行滑行能量回收,由整车控制器VCU根据辅助驾驶控制器ADS的信息以及动力电池管理系统BMS的信息进行判断后,向电机控制器MCU发送电机制动请求,进行滑行能量回收。
6.根据权利要求5所述的控制方法,其特征在于,所述步骤S52中进行滑行能量回收的前提是:根据电池管理系统BMS检测到的动力电池剩余电量SOC进行判断。
7.根据权利要求6所述的控制方法,其特征在于,所述动力电池剩余电量SOC的判断策略为:
当动力电池剩余电量SOC≥95%时,不进行制动能量回收,即第二制动力分配影响系数a2=0;
当80%≤动力电池剩余电量SOC<95%时,允许进行制约性制动能量回收,即第二制动力分配影响系数a2为(0.6~0.8);
当动力电池剩余电量SOC<80%时,允许制动能量回收,第二制动力分配影响系数a2根据实际权重进行选择。
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