CN115005451A - Method for extracting soluble dietary fiber from bean dregs - Google Patents
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- CN115005451A CN115005451A CN202210695147.1A CN202210695147A CN115005451A CN 115005451 A CN115005451 A CN 115005451A CN 202210695147 A CN202210695147 A CN 202210695147A CN 115005451 A CN115005451 A CN 115005451A
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 39
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- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 33
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Images
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
- A23L33/00—Modifying nutritive qualities of foods; Dietetic products; Preparation or treatment thereof
- A23L33/20—Reducing nutritive value; Dietetic products with reduced nutritive value
- A23L33/21—Addition of substantially indigestible substances, e.g. dietary fibres
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23V—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO FOODS, FOODSTUFFS OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES AND LACTIC OR PROPIONIC ACID BACTERIA USED IN FOODSTUFFS OR FOOD PREPARATION
- A23V2002/00—Food compositions, function of food ingredients or processes for food or foodstuffs
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/80—Food processing, e.g. use of renewable energies or variable speed drives in handling, conveying or stacking
- Y02P60/87—Re-use of by-products of food processing for fodder production
Abstract
The invention discloses a method for extracting dietary fiber, in particular relates to a method for extracting soluble dietary fiber from bean dregs, and belongs to the technical field of deep processing of agricultural and sideline products. A method for extracting soluble dietary fiber from bean dregs comprises the following steps: sterilizing bean dregs, fermenting the sterilized bean dregs, adding water into the fermented bean dregs according to the solid-liquid mass ratio of 1:10, stirring to obtain bean dreg liquid, and performing ultrasonic treatment, water extraction, concentration, alcohol precipitation and drying on the obtained bean dreg liquid to obtain the soluble dietary fiber. The extraction method has the characteristics of high extraction rate, low cost, no environmental pollution and simple and convenient operation.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a method for extracting dietary fiber, in particular to a method for extracting soluble dietary fiber from bean dregs, which belongs to the technical field of deep processing of agricultural and sideline products.
Background
In recent years, with the development of soybean planting industry in China, the processing industry using soybeans as raw materials is rapidly developed. The main by-products of these industries are okara, only a small fraction of which is recycled and the majority discarded. Thus not only wasting a large amount of resources but also causing environmental pollution. The bean dregs contain a large amount of nutrient substances, and the dry bean dregs contain 8-11% of fat, 19-23% of protein, 50-70% of dietary fiber and other rich nutrient substances such as soybean isoflavone and the like. Among them, soybean dietary fiber has various health effects, and is called "seventh nutrient" by nutritionists, following proteins, fats, carbohydrates, moisture, minerals, and vitamins. At present, the extraction of dietary fiber from bean dregs has received attention worldwide.
Dietary fiber can be classified into Insoluble Dietary Fiber (IDF), which is a dietary fiber insoluble in hot water, including cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin and resistant starch, and Soluble Dietary Fiber (SDF) according to its solubility characteristics. SDF refers to dietary fiber that is soluble in warm or hot water and can be precipitated with 4 volumes of 95% ethanol, such as pectin, oligosaccharides, dextran, and galactose.
At present, the methods for extracting the soluble dietary fiber mainly comprise a physical method, a chemical method and a biological method. The physical methods mainly comprise methods such as superfine grinding, ultrasound, microwave and the like, and have the advantages of simple and convenient operation and no pollution, but the structure of the dietary fiber is easy to damage; the chemical method mainly comprises a direct water extraction method, an acid method and an alkali method, the chemical extraction method is simple, but the acid method has low extraction rate, and the acid and the alkali easily cause environmental pollution; the biological method mainly comprises an enzyme method and a fermentation method, the reaction of the biological method is mild and pollution-free, but the price of an enzyme preparation is higher, and the operation of the fermentation method is more complex. The methods all have the technical problem of low extraction rate.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provides a method for extracting soluble dietary fiber from bean dregs, which has the characteristics of high extraction rate, low cost, no environmental pollution and simple and convenient operation.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention is realized by the following technical scheme, and the method for extracting the soluble dietary fiber from the bean dregs comprises the following steps: sterilizing bean dregs, fermenting the sterilized bean dregs, adding water into the fermented bean dregs according to the solid-liquid mass ratio of 1:10, stirring to obtain bean dreg liquid, and performing ultrasonic treatment, water extraction, concentration, alcohol precipitation and drying on the obtained bean dreg liquid to obtain the soluble dietary fiber.
Preferably, the fermentation treatment comprises the following steps: and (3) cooling the sterilized bean dregs to room temperature, inoculating aspergillus oryzae according to the proportion of 0.03-0.05% of the mass of the bean dregs, uniformly stirring, culturing the inoculated bean dregs in an incubator at 32 ℃ for 48-60h, taking out and sterilizing to obtain the fermented bean dregs.
Preferably, the fermentation inoculation amount is 0.03%, and the culture time is 60 h.
Preferably, the sterilization treatment is to sterilize the bean dregs in autoclave at 121 deg.C for 15-20 min.
Preferably, the ultrasound comprises the following specific steps: the bean dreg liquid is placed in an ultrasonic cleaning pool, the ultrasonic time is 20-40min, the ultrasonic frequency is 30-80kHz, and the ultrasonic power is 120-.
Preferably, the ultrasonic frequency is 40kHz, the ultrasonic power is 200W, and the ultrasonic time is 25 min.
Preferably, the water extraction comprises the following steps: putting the bean dreg liquid after ultrasonic treatment into a water bath kettle at the temperature of 80 ℃ for water bath for 1 h.
Preferably, the above-mentioned concentration steps are as follows: and (3) filtering the solid after water extraction to obtain clear liquid, and performing rotary evaporation concentration on the clear liquid at the temperature of 60 ℃ to obtain concentrated solution.
Preferably, the alcohol precipitation and drying steps are as follows: adding 95% ethanol at 60 deg.C into the concentrated solution at a volume ratio of ethanol to concentrated solution of 4:1, precipitating, centrifuging at 8000rmp for 25min, and collecting the lower layer solid.
Preferably, the drying step is to dry the lower solid in hot air at 50 ℃ to constant weight to obtain the soluble dietary fiber.
The invention has the characteristics and beneficial effects that: the invention inoculates aspergillus oryzae on the bean dregs according to a certain proportion for fermentation, adds water into the fermented bean dregs for ultrasonic treatment, and obtains the soluble dietary fiber by water extraction, filtration, concentration, alcohol precipitation and drying of the bean dregs. The treatment method provided by the invention is used for fermenting and ultrasonically treating the bean dregs, hydrolyzing the bean dregs by using protease, cellulase and the like generated by growth and secretion of aspergillus oryzae, combining the ultrasonic action to convert insoluble dietary fibers into soluble dietary fibers, settling the dietary fibers by using an alcohol precipitation method, and separating and drying by using centrifugation to obtain the soluble dietary fibers. The extraction method has the characteristics of high extraction rate, low cost, no environmental pollution and simple and convenient operation.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is an infrared spectrum of four extracted soluble dietary fibers.
In the drawings: kb is the SDF extracted in comparative example 1, fj is the SDF extracted in comparative example 2, cs is the SDF extractable in comparative example 3, lh is the SDF extracted in example 1.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is further described in detail below with reference to examples. It should be understood that the examples described herein are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the present invention.
In the following examples, unless otherwise specified, all the methods were carried out in a conventional manner or at normal temperature.
Example 1
A method for extracting soluble dietary fiber from bean dregs comprises the following steps: sterilizing bean dregs in an autoclave at 121 ℃ for 20min, cooling the sterilized bean dregs to room temperature, inoculating aspergillus oryzae according to the proportion of 0.03 percent of the mass of the bean dregs, uniformly stirring, culturing the inoculated bean dregs in an incubator at 32 ℃ for 60h, taking out the bean dregs, sterilizing in the autoclave at 121 ℃ for 20min to obtain fermented bean dregs, adding water into the fermented bean dregs according to the solid-liquid mass ratio of 1:10, stirring to obtain bean dreg liquid, placing the bean dreg liquid in an ultrasonic cleaning pool, carrying out ultrasonic treatment for 25min, carrying out ultrasonic frequency of 40kHz and ultrasonic power of 200W, placing the bean dreg liquid after ultrasonic treatment in a water bath at 80 ℃ for 1h, carrying out water extraction, filtering the solid after water extraction, reserving clear liquid, carrying out rotary evaporation concentration on the clear liquid at 60 ℃ to obtain concentrated liquid, adding 95 percent ethanol at 60 ℃ into the concentrated liquid according to the volume ratio of 4:1, carrying out precipitation, centrifuging at 8000rmp for 25min, separating to obtain lower layer solid, and drying in hot air at 50 deg.C to constant weight to obtain soluble dietary fiber. The extraction rate was 18.06%.
Example 2
A method for extracting soluble dietary fiber from bean dregs comprises the following steps: sterilizing bean dregs in a 121 ℃ autoclave for 15min, cooling the sterilized bean dregs to room temperature, inoculating aspergillus oryzae according to the proportion of 0.04 percent of the mass of the bean dregs, uniformly stirring, culturing the inoculated bean dregs in an incubator at 32 ℃ for 55h, taking out the bean dregs, sterilizing in the 121 ℃ autoclave for 15min to obtain fermented bean dregs, adding water into the fermented bean dregs according to the solid-liquid mass ratio of 1:10, stirring to obtain bean dreg liquid, placing the bean dreg liquid in an ultrasonic cleaning pool, carrying out ultrasonic treatment for 30min, the ultrasonic frequency is 59kHz and the ultrasonic power is 160W, placing the bean dreg liquid after ultrasonic treatment in a water bath kettle at 80 ℃ for 1h, carrying out water extraction, filtering the solid, reserving clear liquid, carrying out rotary evaporation and concentration on the clear liquid at 60 ℃ to obtain concentrated liquid, adding 95 percent ethanol at 60 ℃ into the concentrated liquid according to the volume ratio of 4:1, carrying out precipitation, centrifuging at 8000rmp for 25min, separating to obtain lower layer solid, and drying in hot air at 50 deg.C to constant weight to obtain soluble dietary fiber. The extraction rate was 16.57%.
Example 3
A method for extracting soluble dietary fiber from bean dregs comprises the following steps: sterilizing bean dregs in a 121 ℃ autoclave for 18min, cooling the sterilized bean dregs to room temperature, inoculating aspergillus oryzae according to the proportion of 0.03 percent of the mass of the bean dregs, uniformly stirring, culturing the inoculated bean dregs in an incubator at 32 ℃ for 50h, taking out the bean dregs, sterilizing in the 121 ℃ autoclave for 18min to obtain fermented bean dregs, adding water into the fermented bean dregs according to the solid-liquid mass ratio of 1:10, stirring to obtain bean dreg liquid, placing the bean dreg liquid in an ultrasonic cleaning pool, carrying out ultrasonic treatment for 20min, carrying out ultrasonic frequency of 80kHz and ultrasonic power of 180W, placing the bean dreg liquid after ultrasonic treatment in a water bath at 80 ℃ for 1h, carrying out water extraction, filtering the solid after water extraction, reserving clear liquid, carrying out rotary evaporation concentration on the clear liquid at 60 ℃ to obtain concentrated liquid, adding 95 percent ethanol at 60 ℃ into the concentrated liquid according to the volume ratio of 4:1, carrying out precipitation, centrifuging at 8000rmp for 25min, collecting lower layer solid, and drying in hot air at 50 deg.C to constant weight to obtain soluble dietary fiber. The extraction rate was 14.57%.
Example 4
A method for extracting soluble dietary fiber from bean dregs comprises the following steps: sterilizing bean dregs in an autoclave at 121 ℃ for 20min, cooling the sterilized bean dregs to room temperature, inoculating aspergillus oryzae according to the proportion of 0.04 percent of the mass of the bean dregs, uniformly stirring, culturing the inoculated bean dregs in an incubator at 32 ℃ for 48h, taking out the bean dregs, sterilizing in the autoclave at 121 ℃ for 20min to obtain fermented bean dregs, adding water into the fermented bean dregs according to the solid-liquid mass ratio of 1:10, stirring to obtain bean dreg liquid, placing the bean dreg liquid in an ultrasonic cleaning pool, carrying out ultrasonic treatment for 25min, carrying out ultrasonic frequency of 30kHz and ultrasonic power of 200W, placing the bean dreg liquid after ultrasonic treatment in a water bath at 80 ℃ for 1h, carrying out water extraction, filtering the solid after water extraction, reserving clear liquid, carrying out rotary evaporation concentration on the clear liquid at 60 ℃ to obtain concentrated liquid, adding 95 percent ethanol at 60 ℃ into the concentrated liquid according to the volume ratio of 4:1, carrying out precipitation, centrifuging at 8000rmp for 25min, separating to obtain lower layer solid, and drying in hot air at 50 deg.C to constant weight to obtain soluble dietary fiber. The extraction rate was 13.98%.
Example 5
A method for extracting soluble dietary fiber from bean dregs comprises the following steps: sterilizing bean dregs in an autoclave at 121 ℃ for 17min, cooling the sterilized bean dregs to room temperature, inoculating aspergillus oryzae according to the proportion of 0.05 percent of the mass of the bean dregs, uniformly stirring, culturing the inoculated bean dregs in an incubator at 32 ℃ for 49h, taking out the bean dregs, sterilizing in the autoclave at 121 ℃ for 17min to obtain fermented bean dregs, adding water into the fermented bean dregs according to the solid-liquid mass ratio of 1:10, stirring to obtain bean dreg liquid, placing the bean dreg liquid in an ultrasonic cleaning pool, carrying out ultrasonic treatment for 40min, carrying out ultrasonic frequency of 70kHz and ultrasonic power of 120W, placing the bean dreg liquid after ultrasonic treatment in a water bath at 80 ℃ for 1h, carrying out water extraction, filtering the solid after water extraction, reserving clear liquid, carrying out rotary evaporation concentration on the clear liquid at 60 ℃ to obtain concentrated liquid, adding 95 percent ethanol at 60 ℃ into the concentrated liquid according to the volume ratio of 4:1, carrying out precipitation, centrifuging at 8000rmp for 25min, collecting lower layer solid, drying in hot air at 50 deg.C to constant weight to obtain soluble dietary fiber with extraction rate of 15.99%.
Comparative example 1
Adding water into the bean dregs according to the solid-to-liquid ratio of 1:10, and carrying out water extraction on the water-added sample in a water bath at 80 ℃ for 1 h. And carrying out solid-liquid separation on the water-extracted sample after suction filtration, and taking clear liquid. Rotary evaporating at 60 deg.C to concentrate to a certain amount, precipitating with four times volume of 60 deg.C 95% ethanol, centrifuging at 8000r/min for 25min, discarding supernatant, and hot air drying the precipitate at 50 deg.C to constant weight to obtain 5.86% extract.
Comparative example 2
Sterilizing bean dregs for 20min at 121 ℃, inoculating aspergillus oryzae, and selecting the following parameters: the addition amount is 0.03%, the fermentation time is 60h, and the fermentation temperature is 32 ℃. Sterilizing the bean dreg sample obtained after fermentation at 121 ℃ for 20min, adding water according to the solid-to-liquid ratio of 1:10, and carrying out water extraction on the sample after water is added. And carrying out solid-liquid separation on the water-extracted sample after suction filtration, and taking clear liquid. Rotary evaporating at 60 deg.C to concentrate to a certain amount, precipitating with four times volume of 60 deg.C 95% ethanol, centrifuging at 8000r/min for 25min, discarding supernatant, and hot air drying the precipitate at 50 deg.C to constant weight to obtain 10.32% extract.
Comparative example 3
Adding water into the bean dregs according to the solid-liquid ratio of 1:10, and carrying out ultrasonic treatment on a sample after the water is added, wherein the selected parameters are as follows: the ultrasonic time is 30min, the ultrasonic frequency is 40kHz, and the ultrasonic power is 200W. The sonicated samples were subjected to water extraction in a water bath at 80 ℃ for 1 h. And carrying out solid-liquid separation on the water-extracted sample after suction filtration, and taking clear liquid. Rotary evaporating at 60 deg.C to concentrate to a certain amount, precipitating with four times volume of 60 deg.C 95% ethanol, centrifuging at 8000r/min for 25min, discarding supernatant, and hot air drying the precipitate at 50 deg.C to constant weight to obtain 11.36% extract.
Test examples
Soluble dietary fiber powder extracted from four bean dregs in example 1 and comparative examples 1, 2 and 3 is mixed with potassium bromide powder according to the mass ratio of 1:100 and then is placed into an infrared spectrometer for observation, and the result is shown in figure 1. As can be seen from the results shown in FIG. 1, 3200- -1 The peak width is increased, which indicates that more hydrogen bonds are generated, and the fermentation and the ultrasonic effect destroy the structure of insoluble dietary fiber and increase the content of soluble dietary fiber.
Claims (10)
1. A method for extracting soluble dietary fiber from bean dregs is characterized by comprising the following steps: sterilizing bean dregs, fermenting the sterilized bean dregs, adding water into the fermented bean dregs according to the solid-liquid mass ratio of 1:10, stirring to obtain bean dreg liquid, and performing ultrasonic treatment, water extraction, concentration, alcohol precipitation and drying on the obtained bean dreg liquid to obtain the soluble dietary fiber.
2. The method for extracting soluble dietary fiber from bean dregs according to claim 1, characterized in that the fermentation process comprises the following steps: and (3) cooling the sterilized bean dregs to room temperature, inoculating aspergillus oryzae according to the proportion of 0.03-0.05% of the mass of the bean dregs, uniformly stirring, culturing the inoculated bean dregs in an incubator at 32 ℃ for 48-60h, taking out and sterilizing to obtain the fermented bean dregs.
3. The method for extracting soluble dietary fiber from bean dregs of claim 2, wherein the fermentation inoculation amount is 0.03%, and the culture time is 60 h.
4. The method for extracting soluble dietary fiber from bean dregs as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein the sterilization treatment is sterilizing the bean dregs in autoclave at 121 ℃ for 15-20 min.
5. The method for extracting soluble dietary fiber from bean dregs according to claim 1, characterized in that the ultrasound comprises the following steps: the bean dreg liquid is placed in an ultrasonic cleaning pool, the ultrasonic time is 20-40min, the ultrasonic frequency is 30-80kHz, and the ultrasonic power is 120-200W.
6. The method for extracting soluble dietary fiber from bean dregs according to claim 5, characterized in that the ultrasonic frequency is 40kHz, the ultrasonic power is 200W, and the ultrasonic time is 25 min.
7. The method for extracting soluble dietary fiber from bean dregs according to claim 1, characterized in that the water extraction comprises the following steps: and putting the bean dreg liquid after ultrasonic treatment into a water bath kettle at the temperature of 80 ℃ for 1 hour.
8. The method for extracting soluble dietary fiber from bean dregs according to claim 1, characterized in that the concentration comprises the following steps: and (3) filtering the solid after water extraction to obtain clear liquid, and performing rotary evaporation concentration on the clear liquid at the temperature of 60 ℃ to obtain concentrated solution.
9. The method for extracting soluble dietary fiber from bean dregs as claimed in claim 1, wherein the alcohol precipitation and drying steps are as follows: adding 95% ethanol at 60 deg.C into the concentrated solution at a volume ratio of ethanol to concentrated solution of 4:1, precipitating, centrifuging at 8000rmp for 25min, and collecting the lower layer solid.
10. The method for extracting soluble dietary fiber from bean dregs as claimed in claim 7, wherein the drying step is to dry the lower solid layer in hot wind at 50 ℃ to constant weight to obtain the soluble dietary fiber.
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| CN115944092A (en) * | 2022-12-30 | 2023-04-11 | 广东海洋大学 | Method for preparing sargassum soluble dietary fiber through fermentation |
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