CN115944092A - Method for preparing sargassum soluble dietary fiber through fermentation - Google Patents
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 42
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/80—Food processing, e.g. use of renewable energies or variable speed drives in handling, conveying or stacking
- Y02P60/87—Re-use of by-products of food processing for fodder production
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of food biology, and relates to a method for preparing gulfweed soluble dietary fibers by fermentation, in particular to a method for preparing soluble dietary fibers by fermenting gulfweed with aspergillus oryzae liquid. The method adopts microorganism fermentation method, utilizes the glycosidic bond of IDF capable of producing cellulase to decompose insoluble dietary fiber in Aspergillus oryzae fermentation to generate small molecular polysaccharide, reduces IDF content, effectively improves yield of SDF, and removes protein, starch and other components in raw materials by protease and amylase produced during fermentation to obtain high purity SDF. The method has the advantages of simple operation, safety, no pollution, low production cost, and applicability to industrial production, and the prepared sargassum soluble dietary fiber is safe and reliable.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of food biology, and relates to a method for preparing gulfweed soluble dietary fibers by fermentation, in particular to a method for preparing soluble dietary fibers by fermenting gulfweed with aspergillus oryzae liquid.
Background
Dietary fibres of the "seventh group of nutrients" have received a lot of attention at present. Dietary Fiber (DF) is a carbohydrate that is not digested and absorbed by the small intestine and regulates the intestinal flora. DF is classified into Soluble Dietary Fiber (SDF) and Insoluble Dietary Fiber (IDF) according to its solubility in water. SDF can be fermented in large intestine to produce short chain fatty acid, and intake of appropriate amount of SDF can reduce incidence of various metabolic diseases. While the addition of SDF to food products provides better texture and mouthfeel, the addition of IDF can adversely affect the color, texture, flavor, and taste of the food product. Therefore, the content of soluble components in DF is increased, which is helpful for preparing high-quality dietary fiber.
Gulfweed (sargassum) is a marine plant of brown algae, is quite abundant in China, naturally grows near the coast, is mainly distributed in coastal areas such as Guangdong and Hainan. It is rich in seaweed gel, cellulose, hemicellulose, vitamins and minerals, contains dietary fiber (dry weight) up to 33-75%, and is a good raw material for producing high-activity dietary fiber. At present, only a small part of the gulfweed is used as a raw material for feed, algae gel, beverage and medical industry, so the gulfweed is not developed and utilized comprehensively.
At present, most of the production processes for extracting dietary fibers from gulfweed are chemical processes, for example, the production process for extracting dietary fibers from gulfweed in patent CN1166319C is a chemical process, and the production process comprises the steps of bleaching with sodium hypochlorite, bleaching with sodium hypochlorite after acid and alkali treatment, dehydrating, drying and crushing to obtain powdery insoluble dietary fibers. Patent CN103734749A method for extracting dietary fiber from sargassum is also a chemical process, in the preparation process, sodium chlorate solution and hydrochloric acid solution are used for bleaching and filtering, and sodium thiosulfate solution is added for dechlorination. In addition, there is also a method of extracting dietary fiber from enzyme-treated sargassum, which employs a combination of enzyme treatment and chemistry, such as "study of dietary fiber extraction from enzyme-treated sargassum [ J ] Chen group, food information and technology 2004, stage 003", which discloses the best process covering enzymatic hydrolysis, digestion, bleaching and functional activation.
Although the preparation technology utilizes the soluble dietary fiber and the insoluble dietary fiber of the gulfweed, solves the problem of the output of residues in the gulfweed processing, improves the utilization value of the gulfweed, the preparation process uses chemical reagents containing chlorine and the like to cause environmental pollution, if the gulfweed is used for high-quality dietary fiber, potential food safety hazards exist, the preparation process is complex to operate, the total yield of the gulfweed dietary fiber reaches about 27.9 percent to the maximum extent, and the yield and the purity of the prepared Soluble Dietary Fiber (SDF) are low. Therefore, in order to solve the technical problems of complex preparation technology, low yield, low purity and the like of the sargassum soluble dietary fiber, the Soluble Dietary Fiber (SDF) in the sargassum dietary fiber is further developed, and meanwhile, the sargassum dietary fiber with higher safety is also imperative.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problems and processes of complex preparation technology, low yield, low purity and the like of the soluble dietary fiber of the gulfweed in the prior art, and simultaneously solve the problems of environmental pollution and food safety caused by adopting chemical reagents such as chlorine and the like for digestion and bleaching in the prior art.
Further, the invention provides a method for preparing gulfweed soluble dietary fiber by fermentation, and particularly relates to a method for preparing soluble dietary fiber by fermenting gulfweed with aspergillus oryzae liquid.
The method for preparing the gulfweed soluble dietary fiber by fermentation provided by the invention comprises the following steps:
1) Preparing an aspergillus oryzae solid slant culture medium: taking Aspergillus oryzae and storing in PDA slant culture medium for later use;
2) Activating strains: inoculating spores in the stored aspergillus oryzae slant into a PDA slant culture medium, and culturing at 25-35 ℃ for 2-5 days until hyphae grow over the whole slant;
3) Preparation of an aspergillus oryzae spore suspension: washing activated Aspergillus oryzae slant with sterile water, filtering mycelium with 3-6 layers of filter paper, adding sterile water to obtain spore suspension with concentration of 1 × 10 6 CFU/mL；
4) Preparation of fermentation culture solution: adding the aspergillus oryzae spore suspension into a fermentation culture medium according to the inoculum size of 6-12%, uniformly mixing and stirring, and fermenting for 5d under the conditions of 25-35 ℃ and 120-200 r/min to obtain a fermentation culture solution;
5) Preparing gulfweed soluble dietary fiber: sterilizing the fermentation culture solution at 121 ℃ for 10-25 min, cooling, adjusting the fermentation culture solution, adding high temperature resistant alpha-amylase in water bath at 95 ℃ for 25-35 min, adding papain in water bath at 60 ℃ for reacting for 2h, and inactivating enzyme in boiling water bath for 10min for later use; centrifuging at 5000r/min for 10min, collecting supernatant, adding 4 times volume of 95% ethanol, standing at 4 deg.C overnight, centrifuging at 5000r/min for 10min, collecting precipitate, and freeze drying to obtain Sargassum soluble dietary fiber.
Specifically, the components of the PDA slant culture medium in the step 1) are as follows: 400 parts of potato, 40 parts of glucose, 40 parts of agar, 10 parts of peptone, 6 parts of monopotassium phosphate and 3 parts of magnesium sulfate.
Specifically, the specific configuration method of the PDA slant culture medium in the step 1) comprises the following steps: cutting potatoes into blocks, boiling the potato blocks in boiling water for 30min, filtering the potato blocks with gauze, taking filtrate, supplementing water to 1000mL, adding agar, uniformly mixing, adding glucose, peptone, potassium dihydrogen phosphate and magnesium sulfate while the potato blocks are hot, subpackaging the test tubes while the potato blocks are hot, adding a culture medium with the volume of about 1/3 of the test tube into each test tube, sealing the test tubes with plugs, sterilizing the test tubes at 115 ℃ for 15min, placing the test tubes on an inclined plane for cooling for later use after sterilization, placing the culture medium in an incubator at 28 ℃ for observation for 3d before inoculation, and using the culture medium without infectious microbes.
Specifically, the fermentation medium in the step 3) comprises the following components: 1500-2500 parts of sargassum powder, 20-30 parts of magnesium sulfate heptahydrate, 20-30 parts of monopotassium phosphate, 350-385 parts of ammonium sulfate, 120-130 parts of potassium chloride, 20-30 parts of calcium chloride and 20000-30000 parts of sterile water.
More specifically, the fermentation medium in the step 3) comprises the following components: 2000 parts of sargassum powder, 25 parts of magnesium sulfate heptahydrate, 25 parts of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 375 parts of ammonium sulfate, 125 parts of potassium chloride, 25 parts of calcium chloride and 25000 parts of sterile water.
Specifically, the fermentation medium in the step 3) is prepared by: weighing sargassum powder, magnesium sulfate heptahydrate, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, ammonium sulfate, potassium chloride and calcium chloride, adding sterile water for dissolving, stirring uniformly, sterilizing at 110-120 ℃ for 15min, and cooling for later use.
Specifically, the preparation method of the sargassum powder in the step 3) comprises the following steps: drying Sargassum at 65 deg.C or below until water content is less than 8%, pulverizing, and sieving with 60-100 mesh sieve.
More specifically, the preparation method of the sargassum powder in the steps comprises the following steps: drying gulfweed at 55-65 deg.C, pulverizing and sieving with 60-100 mesh sieve.
Specifically, the PDA slant culture medium in the step 1) comprises the following components: 400 parts of potato, 40 parts of glucose, 40 parts of agar, 10 parts of peptone, 6 parts of monopotassium phosphate and 3 parts of magnesium sulfate.
Specifically, the specific preparation method of the PDA slant culture medium in the step 1) comprises the following steps: cutting potatoes into blocks, boiling the potatoes in boiling water for 30min, filtering the potatoes with gauze, taking filtrate, adding water to the 5 times of the potatoes, adding agar, uniformly mixing, adding glucose, peptone, potassium dihydrogen phosphate and magnesium sulfate while the filtrate is hot, subpackaging the mixture into test tubes while the filtrate is hot, adding about 1/3 volume of culture medium into each test tube, sealing the test tubes with plugs, sterilizing the test tubes at 115 ℃ for 15min, placing the test tubes on an inclined plane for cooling for later use after sterilization, placing the culture medium in a 28 ℃ incubator for observation for 3d before inoculation, and using the culture medium without infectious microbes.
Specifically, the fermentation medium in the step 3) comprises the following components in parts by mass: 320-480 parts of sargassum powder, 4-6 parts of magnesium sulfate heptahydrate, 4-6 parts of monopotassium phosphate, 60-90 parts of ammonium sulfate, 20-30 parts of potassium chloride and 1-3 parts of calcium chloride.
More specifically, the fermentation medium in the step 3) comprises the following components in parts by mass: 400 parts of sargassum powder, 5 parts of magnesium sulfate heptahydrate, 5 parts of monopotassium phosphate, 75 parts of ammonium sulfate, 25 parts of potassium chloride and 1 part of calcium chloride.
Specifically, the feed-liquid ratio of the sargassum powder to the sterile water in the fermentation medium in the step 3) is 1.
Specifically, the feed-liquid ratio of the sargassum powder to the sterile water in the fermentation medium in the step 3) is 1.
Specifically, the sargassum powder is prepared by drying sargassum at 50 deg.C or below until the water content is less than 8%, pulverizing, and sieving with 60-100 mesh sieve.
Specifically, the fermentation medium in the step 3) is prepared by: weighing sargassum powder, magnesium sulfate heptahydrate, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, ammonium sulfate, potassium chloride and calcium chloride, adding sterile water, stirring uniformly, sterilizing at 110-120 ℃ for 15min, and cooling for later use.
The action mechanism of the process of the invention is that the cellulase which can be generated in the aspergillus oryzae fermentation is utilized to decompose the glycosidic bond of the insoluble dietary fiber IDF to generate micromolecular polysaccharide, the content of the insoluble dietary fiber IDF is reduced, the yield of the soluble dietary fiber SDF is effectively improved, and the protease and the amylase which are generated in the fermentation process remove the components such as protein, starch and the like in the raw materials to obtain the high-purity soluble dietary fiber SDF.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects or advantages:
1) The invention takes the sargassum as the raw material, the soluble dietary fiber of the sargassum is prepared by liquid fermentation, compared with the unfermented sargassum soluble dietary fiber, the yield of the soluble dietary fiber of the sargassum can be improved by 2.3 to 2.8 times by fermentation, the invention utilizes a large amount of cellulase produced in the fermentation process of aspergillus oryzae to promote the content of the soluble dietary fiber to be increased, and the purity of the soluble dietary fiber is improved.
2) The method for preparing soluble dietary fiber from gulfweed has the advantages of low preparation cost, high purity of the obtained gulfweed soluble dietary fiber, safety and reliability.
3) The method for preparing the soluble dietary fiber from the gulfweed is simple in operation, the raw materials of the culture medium used in the process are easy to obtain and are non-toxic, the whole preparation process is safe and pollution-free, the production cost is low, and the method is suitable for industrial production.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a graph comparing the yields of soluble dietary fiber from Sargassum produced by different methods. Wherein AO, AN, SW in FIG. 1 are respectively:
AO is the yield of soluble dietary fiber prepared by Aspergillus oryzae fermentation;
AN is the yield of soluble dietary fiber prepared by fermenting Aspergillus niger;
SW is the yield of the dietary fiber of the non-fermented gulfweed, namely the SDF content of the gulfweed.
FIG. 2 is a graph showing the molecular weight distribution of soluble dietary fiber of Sargassum prepared by different methods. Wherein ANS, AOS, SWS in FIG. 2 are respectively:
ANS is a molecular weight distribution diagram of the soluble dietary fiber obtained by fermenting the Aspergillus niger;
AOS is a molecular weight distribution map of soluble dietary fibers obtained by Aspergillus oryzae fermentation;
the SWS is a molecular weight distribution diagram of the gulfweed soluble dietary fiber without fermentation treatment.
Detailed Description
Specific embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the following examples. It is to be understood that these examples are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, which is defined by the appended claims, as may be amended or modified based upon the breadth to which they are applied.
The experimental methods and the detection methods described in the following examples are all conventional methods unless otherwise specified; the reagents and materials are commercially available, unless otherwise specified.
Wherein: aspergillus oryzae (Aspergillus oryzae) ATCC42149 was purchased from Guangdong collection of microorganisms; aspergillus niger (Aspergillus niger) CICC2475 was purchased from China center for Industrial culture Collection of microorganisms.
Example 1
The embodiment provides a method for preparing gulfweed soluble dietary fiber by fermentation, wherein a strain is an aspergillus oryzae strain, the feed-liquid ratio of gulfweed powder to sterile water in a fermentation medium is 1. Preparing a mould solid slant culture medium: preparing an aspergillus oryzae solid slant culture medium: taking Aspergillus oryzae and storing in PDA slant culture medium for later use;
the components of the PDA slant culture medium are as follows: 200g of potato, 20g of glucose, 20g of agar, 5g of peptone, 3g of monopotassium phosphate, 1.5g of magnesium sulfate and 1000mL of water, and the pH is natural. Cutting 200g of potatoes into blocks, boiling the potato blocks in boiling water for 30min, filtering the potato blocks with gauze, taking filtrate, supplementing water to 1000mL, adding 20g of agar, uniformly mixing, adding 20g of glucose, 5g of peptone, 3g of monopotassium phosphate and 1.5g of magnesium sulfate while the potato blocks are hot, subpackaging the mixture into test tubes while the potato blocks are hot, adding about 1/3 volume of a culture medium into each test tube, sealing the test tubes by adding plugs, sterilizing the test tubes at 115 ℃ for 15min, placing the test tubes on an inclined plane after sterilization, cooling the test tubes for standby, placing the culture medium in an incubator at 28 ℃ for 3d before inoculation, and using the culture medium without mixed bacteria.
Activating strains: spores are taken from the stored aspergillus strain slant and inoculated into PDA slant culture medium, and the whole slant can be overgrown after 3 days at 28 ℃.
Preparation of spore suspension: washing activated Aspergillus oryzae slant with sterile water, filtering with 4-layer filter paper to obtain spore suspension with concentration of 1 × 10 6 CFU/mL
Preparation of a fermentation medium: sargassum powder 2g, magnesium sulfate heptahydrate 0.025g, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 0.025g, ammonium sulfate 0.0375g, potassium chloride 0.0125g, calcium chloride 0.025g, water 25mL, sterilizing at 115 deg.C for 15min, and cooling for use.
Preparation of fermentation culture solution: adding the spore suspension into a fermentation culture medium with the inoculation amount of 8%, mixing and stirring uniformly, and fermenting at 28 ℃,150r/min for 5d to obtain a fermentation culture solution.
Preparing soluble dietary fiber of aspergillus oryzae fermented gulfweed: sterilizing the fermentation culture solution at 121 deg.C for 15min, cooling, adjusting the fermentation culture solution, sequentially adding high temperature resistant alpha-amylase at 95 deg.C in water bath for 30min, adding papain at 60 deg.C for reaction for 2h, and inactivating enzyme in boiling water bath for 10 min; centrifuging at 5000r/min for 10min, collecting supernatant, adding 4 times volume of 95% ethanol, standing at 4 deg.C overnight, centrifuging at 5000r/min for 10min, collecting precipitate, and freeze drying to obtain Sargassum soluble dietary fiber 0.38g/g.
Preparing gulfweed soluble dietary fiber: sterilizing the fermentation culture solution at 121 deg.C for 15min, cooling, adjusting the fermentation culture solution, sequentially adding high temperature resistant alpha-amylase at 95 deg.C in water bath for 30min, adding papain at 60 deg.C for reaction for 2h, and inactivating enzyme in boiling water bath for 10 min; centrifuging at 5000r/min for 10min, collecting supernatant, adding 4 times volume of 95% ethanol, standing at 4 deg.C overnight, centrifuging at 5000r/min for 10min, collecting precipitate, and lyophilizing to obtain Sargassum soluble dietary fiber 0.09g/g.
The calculation shows that the yield of the soluble dietary fiber obtained by the fermentation treatment of aspergillus oryzae is 36.96%, and the yield of the soluble dietary fiber obtained by the fermentation treatment can be increased by 3.42 times compared with that obtained by the non-fermentation treatment.
Example 2
This example provides a method for the fermentative preparation of soluble dietary fiber from sargassum, wherein the inoculum size is 6% different from that of example 1.
Preparation of fermentation culture solution: adding the spore suspension into a fermentation culture medium according to the inoculation amount of 6%, mixing and stirring uniformly, and fermenting for 5d at the temperature of 28 ℃ and at the speed of 150r/min to obtain a fermentation culture solution.
Other preparation steps and dosage are the same as those of example 1, and are not described herein.
The yield of the above-mentioned fermented soluble dietary fiber was calculated to be increased by 3.21 times compared to that obtained without fermentation.
Example 3
This example provides a process for the fermentative preparation of soluble dietary fiber from sargassum, with an inoculum size of 12% different from that of example 1.
Preparation of fermentation culture solution: adding the spore suspension into a fermentation culture medium by 12 percent of inoculum size, mixing and stirring uniformly, and fermenting at 28 ℃ for 5d at 150r/min to obtain a fermentation culture solution.
Other preparation steps and dosage are the same as those of example 1, and are not described herein.
It was calculated that the yield of soluble dietary fiber after the fermentation treatment with aspergillus oryzae could be increased by 3.32 times compared to the unfermented one.
Example 4
This example provides a method for preparing soluble dietary fiber from sargassum by fermentation, wherein the feed-liquid ratio of sargassum powder to sterile water in the fermentation medium is 1.
Preparation of a fermentation medium: sargassum powder 2g, magnesium sulfate heptahydrate 0.025g, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 0.025g, ammonium sulfate 0.0375g, potassium chloride 0.0125g, calcium chloride 0.025g, water 2 mL, sterilizing at 115 deg.C for 15min, and cooling.
Other preparation steps and amounts are the same as example 1, and are not repeated herein.
The yield of the soluble dietary fiber after the fermentation treatment by aspergillus oryzae was calculated to be increased by 3.28 times compared with that of the non-fermented dietary fiber.
Example 5
This example provides a method for preparing soluble dietary fiber from sargassum by fermentation, wherein the feed-liquid ratio of sargassum powder to sterile water in the fermentation medium is 1.
Preparation of a fermentation medium: sargassum powder 2g, magnesium sulfate heptahydrate 0.025g, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 0.025g, ammonium sulfate 0.0375g, potassium chloride 0.0125g, calcium chloride 0.025g, water 30mL, sterilizing at 115 deg.C for 15min, and cooling for use.
Other preparation steps are the same as example 1, and are not described herein.
It was calculated that the yield of soluble dietary fiber after the fermentation treatment with aspergillus oryzae as described above could be increased by 3.36 times compared to the unfermented one.
Example 6
The embodiment provides a method for preparing gulfweed soluble dietary fiber by fermentation, wherein a strain is aspergillus niger, the feed-liquid ratio of gulfweed powder to sterile water in a fermentation medium is 1
Preparing a mould solid slant culture medium: preparing an Aspergillus niger solid slant culture medium: storing the aspergillus niger strains in a PDA slant culture medium for later use;
the components of the PDA slant culture medium are as follows: 200g of potato, 20g of glucose, 20g of agar, 5g of peptone, 3g of monopotassium phosphate, 1.5g of magnesium sulfate and 1000mL of water, and the pH is natural. Cutting 200g of potatoes into blocks, boiling the potato blocks in boiling water for 30min, filtering the potato blocks with gauze, taking filtrate, supplementing water to 1000mL, adding 20g of agar, uniformly mixing, adding 20g of glucose, 5g of peptone, 3g of monopotassium phosphate and 1.5g of magnesium sulfate while the potato blocks are hot, subpackaging the mixture into test tubes while the potato blocks are hot, adding about 1/3 volume of a culture medium into each test tube, sealing the test tubes by adding plugs, sterilizing the test tubes at 115 ℃ for 15min, placing the test tubes on an inclined plane after sterilization, cooling the test tubes for standby, placing the culture medium in an incubator at 28 ℃ for 3d before inoculation, and using the culture medium without mixed bacteria.
Activating strains: inoculating a certain amount of spores from the stored aspergillus niger strain slant into a PDA slant culture medium, and growing the whole slant at 28 ℃ for 3 days.
Preparation of spore suspension: the activated Aspergillus niger inclined plane is washed by sterile water, hyphae are filtered by 4 layers of filter paper, and the concentration of the prepared spore suspension is adjusted to be 1 multiplied by 106CFU/mL.
Preparation of a fermentation medium: sargassum powder 2g, magnesium sulfate heptahydrate 0.025g, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 0.025g, ammonium sulfate 0.0375g, potassium chloride 0.0125g, calcium chloride 0.025g, water 25mL, sterilizing at 115 deg.C for 15min, and cooling for use.
Preparation of fermentation culture solution: adding the spore suspension into a fermentation culture medium with the inoculation amount of 8%, mixing and stirring uniformly, and fermenting at 28 ℃,150r/min for 5d to obtain a fermentation culture solution.
Preparation of aspergillus niger fermented gulfweed soluble dietary fiber: sterilizing the fermentation culture solution at 121 deg.C for 15min, cooling, adjusting the fermentation culture solution, sequentially adding high temperature resistant alpha-amylase at 95 deg.C in water bath for 30min, adding papain at 60 deg.C for reaction for 2h, and inactivating enzyme in boiling water bath for 10 min; centrifuging at 5000r/min for 10min, collecting supernatant, adding 4 times volume of 95% ethanol, standing at 4 deg.C overnight, centrifuging at 5000r/min for 10min to obtain precipitate, and freeze drying to obtain Sargassum soluble dietary fiber 0.3064g/g
Preparing gulfweed soluble dietary fiber: sterilizing the fermentation culture solution at 121 deg.C for 15min, cooling, adjusting the fermentation culture solution, sequentially adding high temperature resistant alpha-amylase at 95 deg.C in water bath for 30min, adding papain at 60 deg.C for reaction for 2h, and inactivating enzyme in boiling water bath for 10 min; centrifuging at 5000r/min for 10min, collecting supernatant, adding 4 times volume of 95% ethanol, standing at 4 deg.C overnight, centrifuging at 5000r/min for 10min, collecting precipitate, and freeze drying to obtain Sargassum soluble dietary fiber 0.08g/g.
The yield of the soluble dietary fiber after the fermentation treatment by the aspergillus niger can be increased by 2.83 times compared with that of the soluble dietary fiber without fermentation by calculation.
Example 7
This example studies the effect of fermentation and non-fermentation, different feed-to-liquid ratios, different strains and different strain concentrations on the yield of soluble dietary fiber from sargassum in the preparation process of soluble dietary fiber from sargassum.
1. Experimental methods
Set up 7 experimental groups, which are:
experimental group 1 a soluble dietary fiber of gulfweed was obtained according to the preparation method of example 1;
experimental group 2 sargassum soluble dietary fiber was obtained according to the preparation method of example 2;
experimental group 3 sargassum soluble dietary fiber was obtained according to the preparation method of example 3;
experimental group 4 sargassum soluble dietary fiber was obtained according to the preparation method of example 4;
experimental group 5 sargassum soluble dietary fiber was obtained according to the preparation method of example 5;
experimental group 6 sargassum soluble dietary fiber was obtained according to the preparation method of example 6;
experimental group 7 soluble dietary fiber of sargassum in unfermented sargassum.
Compared with the experimental group 1, the experimental group 2 and the experimental group 3, the inoculation amount has no change under other conditions, and the influence on the yield of the soluble dietary fiber prepared by aspergillus oryzae fermentation is avoided;
compared with the experimental group 1, the experimental group 4 and the experimental group 5, the influence of the feed liquid ratio on the yield of the gulfweed soluble dietary fiber prepared by fermenting aspergillus oryzae is kept under other conditions;
compared with the experimental group 1 and the experimental group 6, under other conditions, the influence of different strains on the yield of the sargassum soluble dietary fiber prepared by fermentation is not changed;
compared with the experimental group 1, the experimental group 6 and the experimental group 7, the influence of fermentation and non-fermentation on the yield of the prepared sargassum soluble dietary fiber is avoided under other conditions;
and collecting samples of the gulfweed soluble dietary fibers prepared by each experimental group, and determining the content and the purity of the soluble dietary fiber SDF.
2. Determination of soluble dietary fiber SDF content
Adopting a method of GB/T500988-2014 'national food safety standard-dietary fiber determination in food', carrying out 3 times of parallel experiments, taking an average value, and calculating the yield of the gulfweed soluble dietary fiber SDF according to the following formula:
SDF yield% = (M) 2 -M 1 ) /(M. (1-moisture%)). 100%
In the formula: m 1 The mass/g of the filter paper is dried to be constant; m is a group of 2 Drying the filter paper to constant mass/g after alcohol precipitation; m is the dry mass/g of the dried gulfweed.
3. Determination of soluble dietary fiber SDF purity
The molecular weights of different SDFs were determined by high performance gel permeation chromatography, the determination method was: the molecular weight distribution of SDF was determined by high performance gel permeation chromatography and an Agilent1260HPLC system equipped with an UltrahydrogelTM-100 column (300mm 7.8mm), refractive index detector and UV detector, with the mobile phase being ultrapure water to which 0.02 (w/w,%) NaN was added as the mobile phase in the present study 3 Dextran T standard (M) was used w: 10kDa,40kDa,70kDa,500kDa, 2000kDa) and glucose. The samples and standards (1 mg/ml) dissolved in the flow were passed through a 0.22 μm membrane filter and then re-injected into the chromatography system. The molecular weight of the SDF of the samples was assessed by the respective retention times and the corresponding response values mAU of the standards.
4. Results of the experiment
The SDF content and yield of the gulfweed soluble dietary fiber prepared by each experimental group are shown in table 1; wherein the soluble diet yield of unfermented gulfweed and unfermented gulfweed obtained after fermentation of Aspergillus oryzae and Aspergillus niger is compared with that of unfermented gulfweed under the conditions of fermentation at 28 deg.C and 150r/min for 5 days, as shown in FIG. 1; the molecular weight distribution of the non-fermented gulfweed and non-fermented gulfweed obtained after fermentation with Aspergillus oryzae and Aspergillus niger is shown in FIG. 2.
TABLE 1 SDF content and yield table for the preparation of soluble dietary fiber from Sargassum
| Sample set | M(g) | Moisture (%) | SDF yield (%) |
| Experimental group 1 | 2.0009 | 6.1％ | 39.60％ |
| Experimental group 2 | 2.0003 | 6.4％ | 37.72％ |
| Experimental group 3 | 2.0006 | 6.2％ | 38.71％ |
| Experimental group 4 | 2.0006 | 6.3％ | 38.35％ |
| Experimental group 5 | 2.0006 | 6.4％ | 39.07％ |
| Experimental group 6 | 2.0008 | 5.8％ | 34.32％ |
| Experimental group 7 | 2.0001 | 7.4％ | 8.96％ |
5. Analysis of Experimental results
(1) As can be seen from Table 1, the gulfweed soluble dietary fiber preparation process has certain influence on the gulfweed soluble dietary fiber yield due to higher fermentation ratio than unfermented, different feed-liquid ratios, different strains and different strain concentrations, wherein the feed-liquid ratio of the gulfweed powder to the sterile water in the fermentation medium is 1.
(2) As can be seen from FIG. 1, under the conditions of fermentation at 28 ℃ and 150r/min for 5d, the yield of the gulfweed soluble diet obtained by Aspergillus oryzae fermentation is 0.330 +/-0.0396 g/g, the yield of the gulfweed soluble diet obtained by Aspergillus niger fermentation is 0.260 +/-0.0484 g/g, the yield of the gulfweed soluble diet obtained by Aspergillus oryzae fermentation is the highest, and the yield of the gulfweed soluble diet obtained by the fermentation of both strains is significantly higher than the yield of the unfermented gulfweed soluble dietary fiber by 0.0800 +/-0.0100 g/g.
(3) As can be seen from FIG. 2, there are several peaks in the unfermented soluble dietary fiber of Sargassum, which indicates that the unfermented soluble dietary fiber of Sargassum has a low purity and a molecular weight of more than 150kDa, and the soluble dietary fiber of Sargassum obtained by Aspergillus oryzae fermentation and Aspergillus niger fermentation has only one peak, and the molecular weights are about 6.3kDa and 39.4kDa, respectively. The method proves that the gulfweed soluble dietary fiber obtained by fermenting aspergillus niger and aspergillus oryzae is remarkably improved in purity, and the soluble dietary fiber obtained by fermenting aspergillus oryzae is lower in molecular weight and higher in purity.
In conclusion, the method for preparing soluble dietary fiber by fermenting sargassum with aspergillus oryzae liquid can obviously improve the yield and the purity of the sargassum soluble dietary fiber.
The foregoing illustrates and describes the principles, general features, and advantages of the present invention. It should be understood by those skilled in the art that the above embodiments do not limit the present invention in any way, and all technical solutions obtained by using equivalents or equivalent changes fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. A method for preparing sargassum soluble dietary fiber by fermentation is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) Preparing an aspergillus oryzae solid slant culture medium: taking Aspergillus oryzae and storing in PDA slant culture medium for later use;
2) Activating strains: inoculating spores in the stored aspergillus oryzae slant to a PDA slant culture medium, and culturing at 25-35 ℃ for 2-5 days until hyphae grow over the whole slant;
3) Preparation of aspergillus oryzae spore suspension: washing activated Aspergillus oryzae slant with sterile water, filtering mycelium with 3-6 layers of filter paper, adding sterile water to obtain spore suspension with concentration of 1 × 10 6 CFU/mL；
4) Preparation of fermentation culture solution: adding the aspergillus oryzae spore suspension into a fermentation culture medium according to the inoculum size of 6-12%, uniformly mixing and stirring, and fermenting for 5d under the conditions of 25-35 ℃ and 120-200 r/min to obtain a fermentation culture solution;
5) Preparing gulfweed soluble dietary fiber: sterilizing the fermentation culture solution at 121 ℃ for 10-25 min, cooling, adjusting the fermentation culture solution, adding high temperature resistant alpha-amylase at 95 ℃ in water bath for 25-35 min, adding papain at 60 ℃ for reacting for 2h, and inactivating enzyme in boiling water bath for 10min for later use; centrifuging at 5000r/min for 10min, collecting supernatant, adding 4 times volume of 95% ethanol, standing at 4 deg.C overnight, centrifuging at 5000r/min for 10min, collecting precipitate, and freeze drying to obtain Sargassum soluble dietary fiber.
2. The method for preparing soluble dietary fiber of Sargassum according to claim 1, wherein the PDA slant culture medium in step 1) comprises: 400 parts of potato, 40 parts of glucose, 40 parts of agar, 10 parts of peptone, 6 parts of monopotassium phosphate and 3 parts of magnesium sulfate.
3. The method for preparing soluble dietary fiber of Sargassum according to claim 1, wherein the PDA slant culture medium in step 1) is prepared by: cutting potatoes into pieces, boiling the potato pieces in boiling water for 30min, filtering the potato pieces with gauze, taking filtrate, adding 5 times of water into the potato pieces, adding agar, uniformly mixing, adding glucose, peptone, potassium dihydrogen phosphate and magnesium sulfate while the potato pieces are hot, subpackaging the obtained mixture into test tubes while the potato pieces are hot, adding a culture medium with the volume of about 1/3 into each test tube, sealing by adding a plug, sterilizing at 115 ℃ for 15min, placing the test tubes on an inclined plane after sterilization, cooling for later use, placing the culture medium in an incubator at 28 ℃ for 3d before inoculation, and using the culture medium without mixed bacteria.
4. The method for preparing soluble dietary fiber of Sargassum according to claim 1, wherein the fermentation medium in step 3) comprises the following components by mass: 320-480 parts of sargassum powder, 4-6 parts of magnesium sulfate heptahydrate, 4-6 parts of monopotassium phosphate, 60-90 parts of ammonium sulfate, 20-30 parts of potassium chloride and 1-3 parts of calcium chloride.
5. The method for preparing soluble dietary fiber of sargassum as claimed in claim 1, wherein the fermentation medium in step 3) comprises the following components in parts by mass: 400 parts of sargassum powder, 5 parts of magnesium sulfate heptahydrate, 5 parts of monopotassium phosphate, 75 parts of ammonium sulfate, 25 parts of potassium chloride and 1 part of calcium chloride.
6. The method for preparing soluble dietary fiber of Sargassum according to claim 1, wherein the ratio of Sargassum powder to sterilized water in the fermentation medium in step 3) is 1.
7. The method for preparing soluble dietary fiber of Sargassum according to claim 1, wherein the ratio of Sargassum powder to sterilized water in the fermentation medium in step 3) is 1.
8. The sargassum powder of claims 4-7, wherein the sargassum powder is prepared by drying sargassum at a temperature below 50 ℃ until the water content is less than 8%, pulverizing, and sieving with a 60-100 mesh sieve.
9. The method for preparing soluble dietary fiber of Sargassum according to claim 1, wherein the fermentation medium in step 3) is prepared as follows: weighing sargassum powder, magnesium sulfate heptahydrate, monopotassium phosphate, ammonium sulfate, potassium chloride and calcium chloride, adding sterile water, stirring uniformly, sterilizing for 15min at 110-120 ℃, and cooling for later use.
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