CN115005073B - Open autumn dendrobium stem sowing method based on dining paper towel - Google Patents
Open autumn dendrobium stem sowing method based on dining paper towel Download PDFInfo
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- 238000009331 sowing Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 100
- 241001523681 Dendrobium Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 24
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 22
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 97
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 73
- 230000001502 supplementing effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 41
- 240000004638 Dendrobium nobile Species 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 241000026010 Dendrobium candidum Species 0.000 claims description 25
- 238000009423 ventilation Methods 0.000 claims description 22
- 235000015872 dietary supplement Nutrition 0.000 claims description 18
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000000022 bacteriostatic agent Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000010899 nucleation Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 235000016709 nutrition Nutrition 0.000 claims description 10
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000035764 nutrition Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 claims description 6
- 241000233866 Fungi Species 0.000 claims description 5
- 241000736285 Sphagnum Species 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000003242 anti bacterial agent Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000007790 scraping Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000007226 seed germination Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000005708 Sodium hypochlorite Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- SUKJFIGYRHOWBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium hypochlorite Chemical compound [Na+].Cl[O-] SUKJFIGYRHOWBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000009736 wetting Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 238000009395 breeding Methods 0.000 abstract description 16
- 230000001488 breeding effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 16
- 241000894006 Bacteria Species 0.000 description 8
- 241000233855 Orchidaceae Species 0.000 description 6
- 244000005700 microbiome Species 0.000 description 6
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 6
- 230000004083 survival effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000005286 illumination Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 3
- 235000013399 edible fruits Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 238000009396 hybridization Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000000644 propagated effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000001954 sterilising effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000013589 supplement Substances 0.000 description 3
- 241000732800 Cymbidium Species 0.000 description 2
- 240000002292 Psychopsis papilio Species 0.000 description 2
- WZLMXYBCAZZIRQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N [N].[P].[K] Chemical compound [N].[P].[K] WZLMXYBCAZZIRQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000001963 growth medium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012216 screening Methods 0.000 description 2
- 241000282817 Bovidae Species 0.000 description 1
- 240000007576 Dendrobium bigibbum Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000000844 anti-bacterial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003899 bactericide agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012136 culture method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003020 moisturizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000010152 pollination Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012883 rooting culture medium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000010153 self-pollination Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G31/00—Soilless cultivation, e.g. hydroponics
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G7/00—Botany in general
- A01G7/04—Electric or magnetic or acoustic treatment of plants for promoting growth
- A01G7/045—Electric or magnetic or acoustic treatment of plants for promoting growth with electric lighting
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/20—Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions in agriculture, e.g. CO2
- Y02P60/21—Dinitrogen oxide [N2O], e.g. using aquaponics, hydroponics or efficiency measures
Abstract
The invention belongs to the field of plant cultivation, and relates to an open planting method of dendrobium nobile based on dining paper towels, which is characterized in that stacked napkins are used as cultivation beds for planting, the stacked napkins are placed in transparent sealing bags, measures of light supplementing, water supplementing, nutrient supplementing, bacteriostasis and the like are adopted, IBA is utilized to promote rooting of seedlings, and the seedlings are transplanted to plug trays for seedling cultivation. The invention is based on an open and non-sterile environment condition, and can solve the problem that the dendrobium cannot sprout or normally develop into plants in the non-sterile environment of the dendrobium without a tissue culture room or a sterile culture environment under the condition that only a small amount of offspring of the dendrobium are needed to be bred but a large amount of offspring are not needed to be bred, changes the existing sterile sowing breeding mode, has the characteristics of simplicity, low cost, easiness in operation and the like, meets the small sowing requirement of the dendrobium under the general condition, and is suitable for the hybrid seed selection sowing and the primordial seed selfing sowing of the dendrobium.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of plant cultivation, and relates to an open planting method of dendrobium candidum, in particular to a non-sterile planting method of dendrobium candidum on a dining paper towel by taking the dining paper towel as a cultivation cushion layer.
Background
The Dendrobium (Dendrobium spp.) is also called as herba Dendrobii, perennial epiphyte, which is a generic name of plants of the genus Dendrobium (Dendrobium Swartz, abbreviated as Den.) of the family Orchidaceae, and is called as "four ocean orchid" together with butterfly orchid, kate orchid and cymbidium.
The autumn dendrobium is evergreen dendrobium, and mainly refers to a butterfly dendrobium group, a antelope dendrobium group and a hybrid between the two groups. The dendrobium nobile is a great variety of flowers, has long cut flower vase period, is not only an important cut flower variety in orchid, but also an important ornamental potted flower, and is considered to be the most promising commercial variety of cymbidium, after being a continuous butterfly orchid.
The new varieties of the original seed dendrobium candidum and the hybrid dendrobium candidum are dominant force on the market, and can basically meet the demands of most orchid fan groups on the market. As the original seed dendrobium nobile is bred through multi-generation self-pollination in nature, the characteristics are stable, the flower type and flower color are self-forming, the characteristics are strong, the demand of fan groups is small, the technical requirement is high, the period is long, and the cost is high when the tissue culture technology is adopted to breed offspring. Although the hybrid autumn dendrobium can be subjected to mass propagation by adopting a tissue culture technology after the variety with good characters is selected, the F1 generation seeds obtained by hybridization are subjected to small-scale propagation in the screening of the early-stage character variety, and the screening of good single plants can be performed according to the characters of the offspring after the seedlings are grown. Therefore, the seed sowing and breeding are needed for the dendrobium nobile which is a primary seed or the dendrobium nobile which is a hybrid seed.
As with other orchids, the seed of autumn dendrobium has no endosperm, needs to provide nutrition by symbiotic bacteria to grow, is difficult to germinate in natural environment, and has very low reproduction efficiency. At present, in commercial production (breeding of original dendrobium candidum) and scientific research (breeding of hybrid varieties), the breeding of dendrobium candidum seeds often needs to be carried out in a sterile environment in a sterile sowing mode, a space relatively isolated from the outside needs to be established, a sterilizing pot, an ultra-clean bench, a tissue culture frame and facilities such as an air conditioner and a lighting lamp are arranged, investment, operation and maintenance costs are quite high, the quantity of dendrobium candidum seedlings is less, and production cost is high. Moreover, the mature time of the fruit pods after pollination of different autumn dendrobium varieties is different from 3 to 6 months, and the like, and the air temperature in different seasons is different, so that the mature time of the fruit pods is often difficult to accurately judge, and once the fruit pods are mature and cracked and are exposed in the air, bacteria pollution is easy to occur, and aseptic sowing cannot be performed.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide an open sowing method of dendrobium nobile based on dining paper, which aims at solving the problems that dendrobium nobile is not germinated or can not normally develop into plants in a non-sterile environment (open condition) without a tissue culture room or without a sterile culture environment under the premise that only a small amount of offspring of dendrobium nobile is needed to be propagated but a large amount of offspring are not needed to be propagated (such as the breeding process of the offspring of the original dendrobium nobile and the hybridization breeding process of the dendrobium nobile), changes the existing sowing and breeding mode, realizes the requirement of small amount of sowing and sprouting, has the characteristics of simplicity, low cost, easiness in operation and the like, and is suitable for dendrobium nobile hybridization breeding sowing and native seed selfing sowing.
The invention adopts the technical scheme that:
an open sowing method of dendrobium nobile based on dining paper towel comprises sowing, putting into a sealing pocket and a plastic box for moisturizing, applying bacteriostat and water-soluble fertilizer, and the like, and the specific steps are as follows:
1. sowing seeds
Taking 6-10 layers of napkins as a cultivation bed (the number of layers of the commercial napkins is three, four and the like, and the napkins can be overlapped according to requirements, so that the total number of layers is 6-10); the cultivation bed is prepared into a plurality of cultivation beds according to the quantity of sowing, and then sowing is carried out:
A. cutting the harvested mature pods of the dendrobium nobile, directly sowing a layer of seeds on the cultivation bed, concentrating the seed distribution in the middle of the cultivation bed, and continuously sowing redundant seeds on other cultivation beds;
B. dropping clear water on a cultivation bed with seeds sown, and wetting the whole sowing range with clear water;
C. the seeding surface is upward, the cultivation bed is horizontally placed in a transparent sealing pocket slightly larger than the cultivation bed, the opening is sealed by 4/5, 1/5 of ventilation is reserved, and the cultivation bed is placed at the indoor position with scattered sunlight, so that the seeding step is completed;
2. protocorm and young seedling nutrition growth culture stage
After 5-7 days of sowing, the seeds on the cultivation bed start to germinate, and then light supplementing, water supplementing, nutrient supplementing and bacteriostasis measures are carried out;
A. light supplementing
After the seeds germinate, using a 5w LED bulb as a light source, and placing the bulb at a height of 20-30 cm above a sealing bag for light supplementing, wherein the light irradiation time is 10-14 h per day;
B. moisture and nutrient
When the water mark radius of the cultivation bed is smaller than 1/5 of the sowing radius and the water drops on the inner wall of the sealing bag are reduced, water is supplemented (water is supplemented) 3-4 times per week, and the water supplementing times are specifically adjusted according to the humidity of air; nutrient supplementation is carried out after sowing for two weeks, and nutrient solution is supplemented for 1 time every week;
C. antibacterial agent
From the second week of seed germination, dripping a bacteriostatic agent solution on a sowing area of a cultivation bed in the sealing bag to uniformly infiltrate the liquid medicine into the whole sowing area, and applying for 1-2 times per week;
D. replacement of cultivation beds
The cultivation bed is replaced for 1 time for 3 to 4 weeks, and the replacement steps are as follows: dripping a few drops of clean water to wet the surface of the new cultivation bed; taking out the sowing cultivation bed in the sealing pocket, slightly scraping off the dendrobium candidum seedling protocorms, and uniformly placing the dendrobium candidum seedling protocorms on the surface of the new cultivation bed; putting the new cultivation bed in a sealing bag horizontally, supplementing water, sealing the sealing bag to 4/5, and keeping 1/5 ventilation;
E. replacement of culture vessel
When the protocorm is cultured for 2-3 months and the individual is slightly bigger and leaves grow out to become seedlings, a transparent plastic culture box is selected, napkin paper is spread at the bottom of the culture box, the dendrobium candidum seedlings are transferred into the transparent culture box for culture, a cover is covered, and 3-5 ventilation holes are reserved on the cover; continuing to maintain the water and nutrient supplement and the application of the bacteriostatic agent;
3. rooting culture stage of young seedlings
Dripping 0.05-0.1 mg/L IBA into the culture box when the autumn dendrobium seedlings grow to 0.5cm high, and applying 2-3 times per month to promote the seedlings to root; in the rooting culture stage, water and nutrient supplement and bacteriostatic agent application are maintained.
4. Transplanting
Transplanting the seedlings to a plug tray for seedling culture when the roots of the seedlings grow to 0.5cm in length: wrapping the dendrobium nobile seedlings with sphagnum, temporarily planting the dendrobium nobile seedlings in the plug, then placing the plug in a greenhouse with a sunshade rate of 65-75%, supplementing 1 time of water every 3-4 days, and applying water-soluble fertilizer with a proportion of 2000 times of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium of 20:20 for 3-4 times per month.
The water supplementing method comprises the following specific steps: keeping the sealing bag flat, opening the sealing bag, and dripping 3-4 drops of clear water in the sowing range of the cultivation bed; sealing the seal to 4/5 place, leaving 1/5 of ventilation and discharging excessive water, thus finishing water supplementing.
The specific steps of nutrient supplement are as follows: a water-soluble fertilizer with the proportion of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium being 20:20:20 is selected, diluted 5000 times as nutrient solution and placed in a bottle for standby; keeping the sealing bag flat, opening the sealing bag, and dripping 3-4 drops of nutrient solution in the sowing range of the cultivation bed; sealing the seal to 4/5 place, leaving 1/5 of ventilation and discharging excessive water, thus completing nutrient supplement.
The bactericide is plant-cultivating agent, sodium hypochlorite, qingjunyi or Yipelong. The use concentration is according to the conventional use concentration or the recommendation of the manufacturer.
The invention is based on a autumn dendrobium seeding method under open and non-sterile environment conditions, and aims at solving the problems that the autumn dendrobium is not germinated or can not normally develop into plants under the non-sterile environment (open condition) without a tissue culture room or without a sterile culture environment under the conditions that only a small quantity of the autumn dendrobium offspring (1000-2000 plants) are needed to be bred and a large quantity of offspring (more than tens of thousands of plants) are not needed to be bred, and the invention meets the small quantity of seeding requirements of the autumn dendrobium under the common conditions without a tissue culture room or a sterile culture environment, changes the existing sterile seeding breeding mode, does not need to construct a sterile environment, does not need to purchase a sterilizing pot, an ultra-clean bench, a tissue culture frame, an air conditioner and an illumination lamp, saves a large quantity of electricity cost of operation, has the characteristics of simplicity, low cost, easiness in operation and the like, and is suitable for the hybrid seed sowing of the autumn dendrobium and the self-bred primary seed sowing under the common conditions.
Detailed Description
The following describes the embodiments of the present invention in further detail with reference to examples. The following examples are illustrative of the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention. The experimental methods in the following examples, in which specific conditions are not noted, are generally according to conventional conditions or conditions suggested by manufacturers.
The following are examples, each of which is repeated three times, and each data is averaged.
Example 1
1. Sowing seeds
4 layers of napkins are purchased in the market (the napkins are required to have good flexibility, are not easy to decompose when meeting water and are kept relatively intact), 2 napkins are stacked, the total layers of the napkins are 8 layers, and the napkins are cut to be length multiplied by width multiplied by 105mm to be used as cultivation beds; the cultivation bed is prepared into a plurality of cultivation beds according to the quantity of sowing, and then sowing is carried out:
A. cutting the harvested mature pods of the dendrobium nobile, directly sowing a layer of seeds on the cultivation beds without repeated sowing, concentrating the seed distribution in the range of 80mm in diameter, and continuously sowing redundant seeds on other cultivation beds.
B. The clear water is dripped on the seed sowing bed by the rubber head dropper, the whole sowing range is wetted by the clear water, and excessive water is not needed.
C. The seeding surface is upward, the cultivation bed is horizontally placed in a transparent sealing pocket with the thickness of 100mm multiplied by 150mm, the opening is sealed by 4/5, 1/5 ventilation is reserved, and the cultivation bed is placed at the indoor position with scattered sunlight, so that the seeding step is completed.
2. Protocorm and young seedling nutrition growth culture stage
The seeds which are mature in growth can germinate quickly under the condition of moisture, and the seeds on the cultivation bed start to germinate after sowing for about 5-7 days, so that the green chips appear on the cultivation bed; can be used for supplementing light, water, nutrient and bacteria.
A. Light supplementing
After the seeds germinate, in order to make up for the shortage of indoor light, a 5w LED bulb is selected as a light source, and the light is supplemented at the height of 30 above the sealing bag, wherein the illumination time is 12 hours per day;
B. moisture and nutrient
Judging whether water is needed to be supplemented according to the watermark range of the cultivation bed in the sealing bag and the water drops on the inner wall of the sealing bag. In general, when the watermark radius of the cultivation bed is smaller than 1/5 of the sowing radius and the water drops on the inner wall of the sealing bag are reduced, the water is needed to be supplemented, and the specific steps are as follows: firstly keeping the sealing bag flat, opening the sealing, and dripping 3-4 drops of clear water in the sowing range of the cultivation bed by using a rubber head dropper; sealing the seal to 4/5 place, leaving 1/5 of ventilation and discharging excessive water, thus finishing water supplementing. The water is replenished 3 times per week, and the water replenishing times are specifically adjusted according to the humidity of the air. Nutrient supplement is carried out after sowing for two weeks, and the concrete method comprises the following steps: a ternary water-soluble fertilizer with the ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium being 20:20:20 is selected, diluted 5000 times as nutrient solution and placed in a bottle for standby; nutrient solution is sucked by a rubber head dropper and is dripped on a sowing area of a cultivation bed in the sealing bag (the detailed steps are the same as the water supplement). The nutrient solution was supplemented 1 time per week.
C. Antibacterial agent
In order to inhibit the growth of microorganisms such as fungi and bacteria, 0.25% of 'plant culture agent' solution is dripped on a sowing area of a cultivation bed in a sealing bag from the second week of seed germination by using a rubber head dropper, so that the liquid medicine uniformly infiltrates the whole sowing area, and the application time of the bacteriostatic agent can be properly increased if the microorganism growth is too fast for 2 times per week.
D. Replacement of cultivation beds
The cultivation bed can gradually change color and be damaged after the use time is too long, and the cultivation bed is replaced for 1 time in 3 weeks, and the replacement steps are as follows: dripping a few drops of clean water by using a rubber head dropper to wet the surface of a new cultivation bed; taking out the sowing cultivation bed in the sealing pocket, slightly scraping off the dendrobium candidum seedling protocorms, and uniformly placing the dendrobium candidum seedling protocorms on the surface of a new cultivation bed (the new cultivation bed can be additionally used under the condition of excessive quantity of protocorms); putting the new cultivation bed in the sealing bag horizontally, supplementing water, sealing the sealing bag to 4/5, and keeping 1/5 ventilation.
E. Replacement of culture vessel
When the protocorm is cultured for 2-3 months and the individual is slightly bigger and leaves grow out to become seedlings, a transparent plastic culture box is selected, napkin paper is spread at the bottom of the culture box, the dendrobium candidum seedlings are transferred into the transparent culture box for culture, and a cover is covered (5 ventilation holes are reserved on the cover); continuing to maintain the water and nutrient supplement and the application of the bacteriostatic agent;
3. rooting culture stage of young seedlings
And (5) when the dendrobium candidum seedlings grow to the height of 0.5cm, entering a rooting culture stage. Dripping 0.05mg/L IBA into the culture box, and applying 3 times per month to promote the rooting of the seedlings; in the rooting culture stage, water and nutrient supplement and bacteriostatic agent application are maintained. The rooting culture stage of the whole dendrobium nobile seedlings generally lasts about 2 months.
4. Transplanting
Transplanting the seedlings to a plug tray for seedling culture when the roots of the seedlings grow to 0.5cm in length: wrapping the dendrobium nobile seedlings with sphagnum, temporarily planting in the plug, placing the plug in a greenhouse with a sunshade rate of 70%, supplementing water 1 time every 4 days, and applying water-soluble fertilizer with a nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium ratio of 20:20:20 2000 times a month for 3 times.
Example two
1. Sowing seeds
3 layers of napkins (with good flexibility, difficult decomposition when meeting water and relatively good maintenance) are purchased in the market, 2 napkins are stacked to ensure that the total layer number is 6, and the napkins are cut to be length multiplied by width multiplied by 105mm to be used as cultivation beds; the cultivation bed is prepared into a plurality of cultivation beds according to the quantity of sowing, and then sowing is carried out:
A. cutting the harvested mature pods of the dendrobium nobile, directly sowing a layer of seeds on the cultivation beds without repeated sowing, concentrating the seed distribution in the range of 80mm in diameter, and continuously sowing redundant seeds on other cultivation beds.
B. The clear water is dripped on the seed sowing bed by the rubber head dropper, the whole sowing range is wetted by the clear water, and excessive water is not needed.
C. The seeding surface is upward, the cultivation bed is horizontally placed in a transparent sealing pocket with the thickness of 100mm multiplied by 150mm, the opening is sealed by 4/5, 1/5 ventilation is reserved, and the cultivation bed is placed at the indoor position with scattered sunlight, so that the seeding step is completed.
2. Protocorm and young seedling nutrition growth culture stage
The seeds which are mature in growth can germinate quickly under the condition of moisture, and the seeds on the cultivation bed start to germinate after sowing for about 5-7 days, so that the green chips appear on the cultivation bed; can be used for supplementing light, water, nutrient and bacteria.
A. Light supplementing
After the seeds germinate, in order to make up for the shortage of indoor light, a 5w LED bulb is selected as a light source, and the light is supplemented at the height of 25 above the sealing bag, wherein the illumination time is 10 hours per day;
B. moisture and nutrient
Judging whether water is needed to be supplemented according to the watermark range of the cultivation bed in the sealing bag and the water drops on the inner wall of the sealing bag. In general, when the watermark radius of the cultivation bed is smaller than 1/5 of the sowing radius and the water drops on the inner wall of the sealing bag are reduced, the water is needed to be supplemented, and the specific steps are as follows: firstly keeping the sealing bag flat, opening the sealing, and dripping 3-4 drops of clear water in the sowing range of the cultivation bed by using a rubber head dropper; sealing the seal to 4/5 place, leaving 1/5 of ventilation and discharging excessive water, thus finishing water supplementing. The water is replenished 3 times per week, and the water replenishing times are specifically adjusted according to the humidity of the air. Nutrient supplement is carried out after sowing for two weeks, and the concrete method comprises the following steps: a ternary water-soluble fertilizer with the ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium being 20:20:20 is selected, diluted 5000 times as nutrient solution and placed in a bottle for standby; nutrient solution is sucked by a rubber head dropper and is dripped on a sowing area of a cultivation bed in the sealing bag (the detailed steps are the same as the water supplement). The nutrient solution was supplemented 1 time per week.
C. Antibacterial agent
In order to inhibit the growth of microorganisms such as fungi and bacteria, 0.01% sodium hypochlorite solution is dripped into a sowing area of a cultivation bed in a sealing bag from the second week of seed germination by using a rubber head dropper, so that the liquid medicine uniformly infiltrates the whole sowing area, and the application time of the bacteriostatic agent can be properly increased if the microorganism growth is too fast for 1 time per week.
D. Replacement of cultivation beds
The cultivation bed can gradually change color and be damaged after the use time is too long, and the cultivation bed is replaced for 1 time in 4 weeks, and the replacement steps are as follows: dripping a few drops of clean water by using a rubber head dropper to wet the surface of a new cultivation bed; taking out the sowing cultivation bed in the sealing pocket, slightly scraping off the dendrobium candidum seedling protocorms, and uniformly placing the dendrobium candidum seedling protocorms on the surface of a new cultivation bed (the new cultivation bed can be additionally used under the condition of excessive quantity of protocorms); putting the new cultivation bed in the sealing bag horizontally, supplementing water, sealing the sealing bag to 4/5, and keeping 1/5 ventilation.
E. Replacement of culture vessel
When the protocorm is cultured for 2-3 months and the individual is slightly bigger and leaves grow out to become seedlings, a transparent plastic culture box is selected, napkin paper is spread at the bottom of the culture box, the dendrobium candidum seedlings are transferred into the transparent culture box for culture, and a cover is covered (3 ventilation holes are reserved on the cover); continuing to maintain the water and nutrient supplement and the application of the bacteriostatic agent;
3. rooting culture stage of young seedlings
And (5) when the dendrobium candidum seedlings grow to the height of 0.5cm, entering a rooting culture stage. Dripping 0.1mg/L IBA into the culture box, and applying for 2 times per month to promote rooting of the seedlings; in the rooting culture stage, water and nutrient supplement and bacteriostatic agent application are maintained. The rooting culture stage of the whole dendrobium nobile seedlings generally lasts about 2 months.
4. Transplanting
Transplanting the seedlings to a plug tray for seedling culture when the roots of the seedlings grow to 0.5cm in length: wrapping the dendrobium nobile seedlings with sphagnum, temporarily planting in the plug, placing the plug in a greenhouse with 65% sunshade rate, supplementing 1 time of water every 3 days, and applying water-soluble fertilizer with 2000 times of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in a ratio of 20:20:20 for 4 times each month.
Example III
1. Sowing seeds
3 layers of napkins are purchased in the market (the napkins are required to have good flexibility, are not easy to decompose when meeting water and are kept relatively intact), 3 napkins are stacked, the total layer number is 9, and the napkins are cut to be length multiplied by width multiplied by 105mm to be used as cultivation beds; the cultivation bed is prepared into a plurality of cultivation beds according to the quantity of sowing, and then sowing is carried out:
A. cutting the harvested mature pods of the dendrobium nobile, directly sowing a layer of seeds on the cultivation beds without repeated sowing, concentrating the seed distribution in the range of 80mm in diameter, and continuously sowing redundant seeds on other cultivation beds.
B. The clear water is dripped on the seed sowing bed by the rubber head dropper, the whole sowing range is wetted by the clear water, and excessive water is not needed.
C. The seeding surface is upward, the cultivation bed is horizontally placed in a transparent sealing pocket with the thickness of 100mm multiplied by 150mm, the opening is sealed by 4/5, 1/5 ventilation is reserved, and the cultivation bed is placed at the indoor position with scattered sunlight, so that the seeding step is completed.
2. Protocorm and young seedling nutrition growth culture stage
The seeds which are mature in growth can germinate quickly under the condition of moisture, and the seeds on the cultivation bed start to germinate after sowing for about 5-7 days, so that the green chips appear on the cultivation bed; can be used for supplementing light, water, nutrient and bacteria.
A. Light supplementing
After the seeds germinate, in order to make up for the shortage of indoor light, a 5w LED bulb is selected as a light source, and the light is supplemented at the height of 30 above the sealing bag, wherein the illumination time is 14 hours per day;
B. moisture and nutrient
Judging whether water is needed to be supplemented according to the watermark range of the cultivation bed in the sealing bag and the water drops on the inner wall of the sealing bag. In general, when the watermark radius of the cultivation bed is smaller than 1/5 of the sowing radius and the water drops on the inner wall of the sealing bag are reduced, the water is needed to be supplemented, and the specific steps are as follows: firstly keeping the sealing bag flat, opening the sealing, and dripping 3-4 drops of clear water in the sowing range of the cultivation bed by using a rubber head dropper; sealing the seal to 4/5 place, leaving 1/5 of ventilation and discharging excessive water, thus finishing water supplementing. The water is replenished 4 times per week, and the water replenishing times are specifically adjusted according to the humidity of the air. Nutrient supplement is carried out after sowing for two weeks, and the concrete method comprises the following steps: a ternary water-soluble fertilizer with the ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium being 20:20:20 is selected, diluted 5000 times as nutrient solution and placed in a bottle for standby; nutrient solution is sucked by a rubber head dropper and is dripped on a sowing area of a cultivation bed in the sealing bag (the detailed steps are the same as the water supplement). The nutrient solution was supplemented 1 time per week.
C. Antibacterial agent
In order to inhibit the growth of microorganisms such as fungi and bacteria, 0.15% of clear fungus solution is dripped on a sowing area of a cultivation bed in a sealing bag from the second week of seed germination by using a rubber head dropper, so that the liquid medicine uniformly infiltrates the whole sowing area, and the application time of the bacteriostatic agent can be properly increased if the microorganism growth is too fast for 1 time per week.
D. Replacement of cultivation beds
The cultivation bed can gradually change color and be damaged after the use time is too long, and the cultivation bed is replaced for 1 time in 3 weeks, and the replacement steps are as follows: dripping a few drops of clean water by using a rubber head dropper to wet the surface of a new cultivation bed; taking out the sowing cultivation bed in the sealing pocket, slightly scraping off the dendrobium candidum seedling protocorms, and uniformly placing the dendrobium candidum seedling protocorms on the surface of a new cultivation bed (the new cultivation bed can be additionally used under the condition of excessive quantity of protocorms); putting the new cultivation bed in the sealing bag horizontally, supplementing water, sealing the sealing bag to 4/5, and keeping 1/5 ventilation.
E. Replacement of culture vessel
When the protocorm is cultured for 2-3 months and the individual is slightly bigger and leaves grow out to become seedlings, a transparent plastic culture box is selected, napkin paper is spread at the bottom of the culture box, the dendrobium candidum seedlings are transferred into the transparent culture box for culture, and a cover is covered (5 ventilation holes are reserved on the cover); continuing to maintain the water and nutrient supplement and the application of the bacteriostatic agent;
3. rooting culture stage of young seedlings
And (5) when the dendrobium candidum seedlings grow to the height of 0.5cm, entering a rooting culture stage. Dripping 0.08mg/L IBA into the culture box, and applying 3 times per month to promote rooting of the seedlings; in the rooting culture stage, water and nutrient supplement and bacteriostatic agent application are maintained. The rooting culture stage of the whole dendrobium nobile seedlings generally lasts about 2 months.
4. Transplanting
Transplanting the seedlings to a plug tray for seedling culture when the roots of the seedlings grow to 0.5cm in length: wrapping the dendrobium nobile seedlings with sphagnum, temporarily planting in the plug, placing the plug in a greenhouse with a sunshade rate of 75%, supplementing water 1 time every 4 days, and applying water-soluble fertilizer with a nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium ratio of 20:20:20 2000 times a month for 3 times. Comparison test:
taking mature and uncracked pods of dendrobium nobile, and cleaning the pods with clear water. Sterilizing in an ultra-clean bench, cutting the pod, and placing the seeds in the pod into bottled seeding culture medium (1/2 MS culture medium); sealing the culture bottle after sowing seeds, and placing the culture bottle in a tissue culture room for culture; after 2 months, the seedling is continuously grown in nutrition for 4-6 months (1 time in the middle of growth according to the situation), and then the seedling is changed into rooting culture medium for 2 months to obtain rooting seedlings, and transplanting is carried out. The sterile seeding and breeding are used as a control example, and the method is repeated three times.
And (3) observing the sowing and breeding processes of the embodiment and the comparative example, observing the conditions of the protocorm and the plantlet nutrition growth culture process, the plantlet rooting process and the transplanting process, recording the plantlet number, the root seedling number and the transplanting survival number, calculating the seed pollution rate, the plantlet pollution rate and the transplanting survival rate, and taking the average value of all the data. The results are shown in tables 1 and 2.
TABLE 1 nutritional growth and culture conditions of the dendrobium nobile protocorms and seedlings
* The number of seeds is determined according to the unit area (1 cm 2 ) Is calculated as density x total area, the initial seed number is set to 10000 grains for comparison.
Table 2 transplanting conditions of dendrobium nobile seedlings
| Project | Number of transplanted rooting seedlings | Number of survival of rooting seedlings | Survival rate of |
| Example 1 | 2500 strain | 2363 strain | 94.5％ |
| Example two | 2500 strain | 2295 strain | 91.8％ |
| Example III | 2500 strain | 2315 strain | 92.6％ |
| Comparative example | 2500 strain | 2191 strain | 87.6％ |
According to the culture results of the nutritional growth of the dendrobium nobile protocorms and the seedlings, the stacked napkins are used as the culture beds, under the premise that the offspring do not need to be propagated in a large scale, measures such as light supplementing, water supplementing, nutrient supplementing and bacteriostasis are adopted, sowing and breeding are carried out under a non-sterile environment (open condition), the emergence rate can reach 20-30%, the transplanting survival rate of rooting seedlings can reach more than 90%, the requirements of commercial production (breeding of the dendrobium nobile as a primary seed) and scientific research (breeding of a hybrid variety) can be met, the operation steps are simple, the cost is low, and the culture method is suitable for sowing in autumn dendrobium nobile hybrid breeding and selfing sowing.
The foregoing is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that several modifications and variations can be made without departing from the technical principle of the present invention, and these modifications and variations should also be regarded as the scope of the invention.
Claims (2)
1. An open sowing method of dendrobium nobile based on dining paper towel is characterized by comprising the following specific steps:
1) Sowing seeds
Taking 6-10 layers of napkins as a cultivation bed, and then sowing:
A. cutting the harvested mature pods of the dendrobium nobile, directly sowing a layer of seeds on the cultivation bed, concentrating the seed distribution in the middle of the cultivation bed, and continuously sowing redundant seeds on other cultivation beds;
B. dropping clear water on a cultivation bed with seeds sown, and wetting the whole sowing range with clear water;
C. the seeding surface is upward, the cultivation bed is horizontally placed in a transparent sealing pocket slightly larger than the cultivation bed, the opening is sealed by 4/5, 1/5 of ventilation is reserved, and the cultivation bed is placed at a position with scattered sunlight indoors to finish the seeding step;
2) Protocorm and young seedling nutrition growth culture stage
After 5-7 days of sowing, the seeds on the cultivation bed start to germinate, and then light supplementing, water supplementing, nutrient supplementing and bacteriostasis measures are carried out;
A. light supplementing
After the seeds germinate, using a 5w LED bulb as a light source, and placing the bulb at a height of 20-30 cm above a sealing bag for light supplementing, wherein the light irradiation time is 10-14 h per day;
B. moisture and nutrient
When the water mark radius of the cultivation bed is smaller than 1/5 of the sowing radius and the water drops on the inner wall of the sealing bag are reduced, water is supplemented for 3-4 times per week; nutrient supplementation is carried out after sowing for two weeks, and nutrient solution is supplemented for 1 time every week;
C. antibacterial agent
From the second week of seed germination, a bacteriostatic agent solution is dripped on a sowing area of a cultivation bed in the sealing bag, so that the liquid medicine uniformly infiltrates the whole sowing area, and the application is carried out for 1 to 2 times per week;
D. replacement of cultivation beds
The cultivation bed is replaced for 1 time for 3 to 4 weeks, and the replacement steps are as follows: dripping a few drops of clean water to wet the surface of the new cultivation bed; taking out the sowing cultivation bed in the sealing pocket, slightly scraping off the dendrobium candidum seedling protocorms, and uniformly placing the dendrobium candidum seedling protocorms on the surface of the new cultivation bed; putting the new cultivation bed in a sealing bag horizontally, supplementing water, sealing the sealing bag to 4/5, and keeping 1/5 ventilation;
E. replacement of culture vessel
When the protocorm is cultured for 2-3 months and the individual is slightly bigger and leaves grow out to become seedlings, a transparent plastic culture box is selected, napkin paper is spread at the bottom of the culture box, the dendrobium candidum seedlings are transferred into the transparent culture box for culture, a cover is covered, and 3-5 ventilation holes are reserved on the cover; continuing to maintain the water and nutrient supplement and the application of the bacteriostatic agent;
3) Rooting culture stage of young seedlings
Dripping 0.05-0.1 mg/L IBA into the culture box when the autumn dendrobium seedlings grow to 0.5cm high, and applying 2-3 times per month to promote the seedlings to root; in the rooting culture stage, water and nutrient supplement and bacteriostatic agent application are maintained;
4) Transplanting
Transplanting the seedlings to a plug tray for seedling culture when the roots of the seedlings grow to 0.5cm in length: wrapping the dendrobium nobile seedlings with sphagnum, performing temporary planting in a plug, then placing the plug in a greenhouse with a sunshade rate of 65-75%, supplementing 1 time of water every 3-4 days, and applying a water-soluble fertilizer with a proportion of 2000 times of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium of 20:20 for 3-4 times per month;
the water supplementing method comprises the following specific steps: keeping the sealing bag flat, opening the sealing bag, and dripping 3-4 drops of clear water in the sowing range of the cultivation bed; sealing the seal to 4/5 parts, reserving 1/5 of ventilation and discharging redundant water to finish water supplementing;
the nutrient supplementing steps are as follows: a water-soluble fertilizer with the proportion of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium being 20:20:20 is selected, diluted 5000 times as nutrient solution and placed in a bottle for standby; keeping the sealing bag flat, opening the sealing bag, and dripping 3-4 drops of nutrient solution in the sowing range of the cultivation bed; sealing the seal to 4/5 place, leaving 1/5 of ventilation and discharging excessive water, thus completing nutrient supplement.
2. The open sowing method of dendrobium nobile based on dining paper towel according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: the bacteriostat is plant peling, sodium hypochlorite, clear fungus or beneficial peuron.
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