CN115005011A - 一种适用于红托竹荪的无伤化病虫害防治量产方法 - Google Patents

一种适用于红托竹荪的无伤化病虫害防治量产方法 Download PDF

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CN115005011A
CN115005011A CN202210816820.2A CN202210816820A CN115005011A CN 115005011 A CN115005011 A CN 115005011A CN 202210816820 A CN202210816820 A CN 202210816820A CN 115005011 A CN115005011 A CN 115005011A
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soil
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planting
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陈桐杰
陈光贤
阳旭
于渊
陈桐龙
周芬
王庆勇
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Guizhou Cultivation Home Industrial Co ltd
Guizhou Meiweixian Bamboo Fungus Industry Co ltd
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Guizhou Meiweixian Bamboo Fungus Industry Co ltd
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种适用于红托竹荪的无伤化病虫害防治量产方法，所述的方法包括种植前土壤处理步骤和种植时用药处理步骤；所述的种植前土壤处理步骤包括A类杀虫剂和A类杀菌剂；所述的种植时用药处理步骤包括B类杀虫剂和B类杀菌剂；所述的种植前土壤处理步骤和种植时用药处理步骤均包括二次稀释法。本发明通过多年来大量的药物对比试验，总结出了红托竹荪生产的整套病虫害防治方案，可解决行业内红托竹荪种植时土壤处理药物效果差、药物选择不正确、施用方式不规范导致红托竹荪产量低、不稳定等问题。

Description

一种适用于红托竹荪的无伤化病虫害防治量产方法
技术领域
本发明属于红托竹荪栽培技术领域，尤其是涉及一种适用于红托竹荪的无伤化病虫害防治量产方法技术领域。
背景技术
近年来，红托竹荪发展日趋加速；由于红托竹荪是一种真菌，曲霉、毛霉、根霉等各种杂菌经常出现，白蚂蚁、红蜘蛛等各种虫害也时常发生。但行业内为防治此类病虫害，所使用的药物层出不穷，具有杂、乱、繁多的特点，使用时甚至多种药剂多管齐下却仍不能起到很好地防治效果。据调查每个红托竹荪的企业在针对病虫害防治时使用的药剂大都不同，大多数药物效果并不理想，甚至某些药物对红托竹荪生长还有不利因素。综上，需要找到一种合理的对红托竹荪病虫害防治有效且对红托竹荪自身无伤害的方法成为需要解决的技术问题。
发明内容
本发明正是为了解决上述问题缺陷，提供一种适用于红托竹荪的无伤化病虫害防治量产方法。本发明通过多年来大量的药物对比试验，总结出了红托竹荪生产的整套病虫害防治方案，可解决行业内红托竹荪种植时土壤处理药物效果差、药物选择不正确、施用方式不规范导致红托竹荪产量低、不稳定等问题。
本发明采用如下技术方案实现。
一种适用于红托竹荪的无伤化病虫害防治量产方法，本发明所述的方法包括种植前土壤处理步骤和种植时用药处理步骤；所述的种植前土壤处理步骤包括A类杀虫剂和A类杀菌剂；所述的种植时用药处理步骤包括B类杀虫剂和B类杀菌剂；所述的种植前土壤处理步骤和种植时用药处理步骤均包括二次稀释法。
进一步为，本发明所述的A类杀虫剂为10%阿维菌素和辛硫磷的组合。
进一步为，本发明所述的 A类杀菌剂为甲硫·中生、春雷霉素和50%咪鲜胺锰盐的组合。
进一步为，本发明所述的B类杀虫剂为阿维·联苯菊、甲维吡丙醚和联苯菊酯氟酰尿的组合。
进一步为，本发明所述的B类杀菌剂为春雷霉素和50%咪鲜胺锰盐的组合。
进一步为，本发明所述的二次稀释法为将全部药物都倒入小盆中兑水搅拌稀释均匀后，再倒入大桶中兑水二次稀释。
进一步为，本发明所述的种植前土壤处理步骤和种植时用药处理步骤均包括喷施步骤，所述的喷施步骤的喷施标准为对土壤均匀喷淋湿透10公分±2公分。
进一步为，本发明所述的种植时用药处理步骤包括营养液的使用；所述的营养液由有机宝1号，500ml，补充微量元素、氨基酸；维生素b1片50g，补充维生素；根益施，500ml，补充氮元素、钙元素、镁元素；口服葡萄糖500g，补充糖；均匀混合后兑水500斤组成，施用。
进一步为，本发明所述的种植前土壤处理步骤包括：
1）药剂的准备：
杀虫剂选择10%阿维菌素、辛硫磷，杀菌剂选择甲硫·中生、春雷霉素、咪鲜胺锰盐
2）二次稀释法：
将全部药物都倒入小盆中兑水搅拌稀释均匀后，再倒入大桶中兑水二次稀释；
3）喷施及焖制土壤：
喷施标准为对土壤均匀喷淋湿透10公分±2公分。
进一步为，本发明所述的种植时用药处理步骤包括：
1）药剂的准备：
杀虫剂选择阿维·联苯菊、甲维吡丙醚、联苯菊酯氟酰尿；
杀菌剂选择春雷霉素、50%咪鲜胺锰盐；
营养液选择氨基酸、维生素、钙、高氮肥、糖肥
2）杀虫剂与杀菌剂的二次稀释法与喷施：
将杀虫剂与杀菌剂倒入小盆中兑水混合稀释均匀后，再倒入大桶中兑水500斤二次稀释；对摆放好的菌棒及周边的土壤均匀喷淋杀虫剂、杀菌剂；
3）营养液的二次稀释法与使用：
将营养液倒入小盆稀释均匀后，再倒入大桶中兑水300斤二次稀释，对摆放好的菌棒均匀喷淋后进行覆土；
4）二次喷施
待菌种覆土完成后，用杀虫剂、杀菌剂对竹荪箱面及所有土壤表层进行喷淋；并将准备好的地膜对竹荪箱面进行覆盖；
5）松针换膜：
15-20天后查看揭地膜并覆盖松针；
6）后期管理阶段。
本发明的有益效果为，1）综合使用上述技术可使红托竹荪种植病虫害发生概率下降80%-95%，综合产量提高30%-50%；2）本发明遴选了众多药物和各类防治方式，最终得到本发明所述的药物组合与防治方式，属于沉淀积累下来的技术财富；3）本发明遴选后的药物在高效防治的同时不会伤害红托竹荪的菌丝，能够确保获得丰产稳产。
下面结合附图和具体实施方式本发明做进一步解释。
附图说明
图1为使用本发明技术手段后红托竹荪的长势示意图。
图2为未使用本发明技术手段的红托竹荪的长势对照图。
具体实施方式
见图1，图2所示。图1为使用本发明技术手段后红托竹荪的长势示意图。图2为未使用本发明技术手段的红托竹荪的长势对照图。图2中的病虫害比较严重。
一种适用于红托竹荪的无伤化病虫害防治量产方法，种植前土壤处理：
1）杀虫剂选择10%阿维菌素、辛硫磷；杀菌剂选择甲硫·中生、春雷霉素、50%咪鲜胺锰盐
10%阿维菌素5ml；辛硫磷250ml；甲硫·中生500g；春雷霉素100ml；50%咪鲜胺锰盐250g；以上药物均匀混合后兑水500斤施用。
（通过多年栽培的用药试验对比，这三种杀虫剂与三种杀菌剂在不伤害菌丝的前提下对土壤害虫发生与杂菌滋生均有高效的抑制效果，能够大幅度降低土壤害虫发生与杂菌滋生概率，且对此进行对照试验发现，三种杀虫剂与杀菌剂混合使用以后害虫发生与杂菌滋生概率较使用单一杀虫杀菌剂与不使用杀虫杀菌剂的对照组下降了60%于90%左右），微生物菌剂选择土改。
2）将全部药物都倒入小盆中兑水搅拌稀释均匀后，再倒入大桶中兑水二次稀释（使用二次稀释法可最大限度将药物均匀混合，解决以往药物混合不均匀的问题），喷施标准为对土壤均匀喷淋湿透10公分为宜（此过程喷淋湿透10公分可杀灭土壤大量害虫和杂菌，并且对土壤浇透了底水）；全部药物指所有不易溶解的药物，重量不定；小盆指脸盆、水瓢、小桶之类的容器，只要能够方便溶解全部药物为准；大桶指稀释所有药物需用到的盛水容器，一般为125L、150L、250L、300L。
稀释方法 发生病虫害概率 亩产量
直接稀释法 30% 1000斤鲜品
二次稀释法 10% 1200斤鲜品
进行对比实验，发现直接稀释法稀释的药物无法均匀混合，局部药物效果不够导致病虫害的发生，二次稀释法的药物混合均匀，药物效果一致，病虫害发生概率小。
3）可根据各种植点土壤的干湿度情况来定，兑水量控制在2000斤左右。
种植时用药处理：
1）杀虫剂选择阿维·联苯菊、甲维吡丙醚、联苯菊酯氟酰尿；杀菌剂选择春雷霉素、50%咪鲜胺锰盐
阿维·联苯菊50ml；甲维吡丙醚20m；联苯菊酯氟酰尿20ml；春雷霉素100ml；50%咪鲜胺锰盐250g；以上药物均匀混合后统一兑水500斤施用。
（上述用药方案由于是种植前的土壤处理，所以药物药效相对来说较强，经过对照试验对比发现种植时使用上述组合，菌丝形成原基速度减慢10-20天不等，且综合产量降低20%-30%；而现述杀虫剂与杀菌剂组合药效适中，在解决病虫害的同时不会伤害菌丝，不会影响产量，通过多年种植试验发现该组合在不伤害菌丝的前提下对土壤害虫发生与杂菌滋生均有高效的抑制效果，能够大幅度降低土壤害虫发生与杂菌滋生概率，且对此进行对照试验发现，现述组合混合使用以后害虫发生与杂菌滋生概率较使用单一杀虫杀菌剂与不使用杀虫杀菌剂的对照组下降了70%于85%左右），
所述的营养液由有机宝1号，500ml，补充微量元素、氨基酸；维生素b1片50g，补充维生素；根益施，500ml，补充氮元素、钙元素、镁元素；口服葡萄糖500g，补充糖；均匀混合后兑水500斤组成，施用。
（菌棒、土壤所含营养元素不能满足红托竹荪生长全过程所需营养，需从外界补充营养，选择的五种营养液可提供红托竹荪生长发育所需的全部营养元素，为后期出菇提高充足营养）；
2）将杀虫剂与杀菌剂倒入小盆中兑水混合稀释均匀后，再倒入大桶中兑水500斤二次稀释使用二次稀释法可最大限度将药物均匀混合，解决以往药物混合不均匀的问题），对摆放好的菌棒及周边的土壤均匀喷淋杀虫杀菌
阿维·联苯菊50ml；甲维吡丙醚20m；联苯菊酯氟酰尿20ml；春雷霉素100ml；50%咪鲜胺锰盐250g；以上药物均匀混合后统一兑水500斤施用（最终兑水总量是500斤）。
（可杀灭出厂时部分菌棒表面的虫卵及杂菌，且对土壤喷施可杀灭土壤残余的害虫及杂菌）。
3）将营养液倒入小盆200斤稀释均匀后，再倒入大桶中兑水300斤二次稀释，对摆放好的菌棒均匀喷淋后进行覆土
所述的营养液由有机宝1号，500ml，补充微量元素、氨基酸；维生素b1片50g，补充维生素；根益施，500ml，补充氮元素、钙元素、镁元素；口服葡萄糖500g，补充糖；均匀混合后兑水500斤（最终兑水总量是500斤）组成，施用。
（对菌棒喷洒可为红托竹荪生长提高前期底肥，加快菌丝萌发速度，经过试验对比发现喷洒营养液后的菌棒菌丝萌发速度较不喷洒营养液的菌棒提前5-10天）。
4）待菌种覆土完成后，用杀虫杀菌液对竹荪箱面及所有土壤表层进行喷淋，并将准备好的地膜对竹荪箱面进行覆盖
（覆盖地膜不但对土壤保水保湿，并且还对喷洒杀虫杀菌剂后的土壤起到焖制作用，充分发挥杀虫杀菌剂药效；经过试验对比发现覆盖地膜较不覆盖地膜，病虫害发生概率降低40%-60%），
5）15-20天后查看揭地膜并覆盖松针
（覆盖松针不仅能保水保湿，并且还能防止大雨时雨滴直接打在土壤表面导致土壤板结的问题），进行后期日常管理程序。
本发明所述的杀虫剂和杀菌剂所筛选后的药剂品种均为商用品种，其使用方法均按照产品的说明书进行。
以上所述的仅是本发明的部分具体实施例（由于本发明的配方包含数值范围，故实施例不能穷举，本发明所记载的保护范围包含本发明的数值范围和其他技术要点范围），方案中公知的具体内容或常识在此未作过多描述。应当指出，上述实施例不以任何方式限制本发明，对于本领域的技术人员来说，凡是采用等同替换或等效变换的方式获得的技术方案均落在本发明的保护范围内。本申请要求的保护范围应当以其权利要求的内容为准，说明书中的具体实施方式等记载可以用于解释权利要求的内容。

Claims (10)

1.一种适用于红托竹荪的无伤化病虫害防治量产方法，其特征在于，所述的方法包括种植前土壤处理步骤和种植时用药处理步骤；所述的种植前土壤处理步骤包括A类杀虫剂和A类杀菌剂；所述的种植时用药处理步骤包括B类杀虫剂和B类杀菌剂；所述的种植前土壤处理步骤和种植时用药处理步骤均包括二次稀释法。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种适用于红托竹荪的无伤化病虫害防治量产方法，其特征在于，所述的A类杀虫剂为10%阿维菌素和辛硫磷的组合。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种适用于红托竹荪的无伤化病虫害防治量产方法，其特征在于，所述的 A类杀菌剂为甲硫·中生、春雷霉素和50%咪鲜胺锰盐的组合。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种适用于红托竹荪的无伤化病虫害防治量产方法，其特征在于，所述的B类杀虫剂为阿维·联苯菊、甲维吡丙醚和联苯菊酯氟酰尿的组合。
5.根据权利要求1所述的一种适用于红托竹荪的无伤化病虫害防治量产方法，其特征在于，所述的B类杀菌剂为春雷霉素和50%咪鲜胺锰盐的组合。
6.根据权利要求1所述的一种适用于红托竹荪的无伤化病虫害防治量产方法，其特征在于，所述的二次稀释法为将全部药物都倒入小盆中兑水搅拌稀释均匀后，再倒入大桶中兑水二次稀释。
7.根据权利要求1所述的一种适用于红托竹荪的无伤化病虫害防治量产方法，其特征在于，所述的种植前土壤处理步骤和种植时用药处理步骤均包括喷施步骤，所述的喷施步骤的喷施标准为对土壤均匀喷淋湿透10公分±2公分。
8.根据权利要求1所述的一种适用于红托竹荪的无伤化病虫害防治量产方法，其特征在于，所述的种植时用药处理步骤包括营养液的使用；所述的营养液由有机宝1号，500ml；维生素b1片50g；根益施，500ml；口服葡萄糖500g；均匀混合后兑水500斤组成。
9.根据权利要求1所述的一种适用于红托竹荪的无伤化病虫害防治量产方法，其特征在于，所述的种植前土壤处理步骤包括：
1）药剂的准备：
杀虫剂选择10%阿维菌素、辛硫磷，杀菌剂选择甲硫·中生、春雷霉素、咪鲜胺锰盐
2）二次稀释法：
将全部药物都倒入小盆中兑水搅拌稀释均匀后，再倒入大桶中兑水500斤二次稀释；
3）喷施及焖制土壤：
喷施标准为对土壤均匀喷淋湿透10公分±2公分。
10.根据权利要求1所述的一种适用于红托竹荪的无伤化病虫害防治量产方法，其特征在于，所述的种植时用药处理步骤包括：
1）药剂的准备：
杀虫剂选择阿维·联苯菊、甲维吡丙醚、联苯菊酯氟酰尿；
杀菌剂选择春雷霉素、50%咪鲜胺锰盐；
营养液选择氨基酸、维生素、钙、高氮肥、糖肥
2）杀虫剂与杀菌剂的二次稀释法与喷施：
将杀虫剂与杀菌剂倒入小盆中兑水混合稀释均匀后，再倒入大桶中兑水500斤二次稀释；对摆放好的菌棒及周边的土壤均匀喷淋杀虫剂、杀菌剂；
3）营养液的二次稀释法与使用：
将营养液倒入小盆稀释均匀后，再倒入大桶中兑水500斤二次稀释，对摆放好的菌棒均匀喷淋后进行覆土；
4）二次喷施
待菌种覆土完成后，用杀虫剂、杀菌剂对竹荪箱面及所有土壤表层进行喷淋；并将准备好的地膜对竹荪箱面进行覆盖；
5）松针换膜：
15-20天后查看揭地膜并覆盖松针；
6）后期管理阶段。
CN202210816820.2A 2022-07-12 2022-07-12 一种适用于红托竹荪的无伤化病虫害防治量产方法 Pending CN115005011A (zh)

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