WO2019015659A1 - 花生专用包膜控释杀虫剂及其制备方法 - Google Patents

花生专用包膜控释杀虫剂及其制备方法 Download PDF

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WO2019015659A1
WO2019015659A1 PCT/CN2018/096353 CN2018096353W WO2019015659A1 WO 2019015659 A1 WO2019015659 A1 WO 2019015659A1 CN 2018096353 W CN2018096353 W CN 2018096353W WO 2019015659 A1 WO2019015659 A1 WO 2019015659A1
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parts
raw material
chlorantraniliprole
phoxim
chlorpyrifos
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PCT/CN2018/096353
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English (en)
French (fr)
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张佳蕾
郭峰
万书波
李新国
刘译阳
杨莎
孟静静
耿耘
张正
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山东省农业科学院生物技术研究中心
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Publication of WO2019015659A1 publication Critical patent/WO2019015659A1/zh

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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N25/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests
    • A01N25/26—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests in coated particulate form
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N43/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
    • A01N43/48—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with two nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
    • A01N43/56—1,2-Diazoles; Hydrogenated 1,2-diazoles
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N51/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds having the sequences of atoms O—N—S, X—O—S, N—N—S, O—N—N or O-halogen, regardless of the number of bonds each atom has and with no atom of these sequences forming part of a heterocyclic ring
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N57/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic phosphorus compounds
    • A01N57/10—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic phosphorus compounds having phosphorus-to-oxygen bonds or phosphorus-to-sulfur bonds
    • A01N57/14—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic phosphorus compounds having phosphorus-to-oxygen bonds or phosphorus-to-sulfur bonds containing aromatic radicals
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N57/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic phosphorus compounds
    • A01N57/10—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic phosphorus compounds having phosphorus-to-oxygen bonds or phosphorus-to-sulfur bonds
    • A01N57/16—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic phosphorus compounds having phosphorus-to-oxygen bonds or phosphorus-to-sulfur bonds containing heterocyclic radicals
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
    • C05F3/00—Fertilisers from human or animal excrements, e.g. manure
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
    • C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
    • C05G3/60—Biocides or preservatives, e.g. disinfectants, pesticides or herbicides; Pest repellants or attractants
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
    • C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
    • C05G3/80—Soil conditioners

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the technical field of insecticides, in particular to a peanut-specific coated controlled release insecticide, and to a preparation method of the peanut special coated controlled release insecticide.
  • Underground pests are important pests of peanuts, including cockroaches, cockroaches and golden worms. It is mainly harmful to peanut pods, and the hazard ratio is large, which seriously reduces the yield and quality of peanuts. The number of insect pests is highly negatively correlated with the effective yield. According to statistics, due to the damage of underground pests such as cockroaches, the production is generally reduced by 20%-40%, and the serious reduction of production is 70%-80%, or even the harvest. After the 1990s, with the increase of resistance, growers also increased the amount of drugs without restriction, resulting in high toxic and high residues of peanuts, and the planting efficiency decreased, which seriously affected the enthusiasm of farmers for planting. Keep decreasing.
  • Underground pests have little effect on the pre-fertility of peanuts, mainly due to the aggravation of peanuts.
  • the production is usually carried out with pesticides or when the peanuts are planted.
  • most of the efficacy of these control methods is wasted in the pre-fertility period, which is less harmful, and the drug effect is already low when the late growth period is heavier.
  • the high-toxicity of high-toxic insecticides is high, affecting the quality and safety of peanuts, while the duration of low-toxic pesticides is short, the decomposition and loss caused by the external environment is serious, and the effective utilization rate of pesticides is often It does not have a good preventive effect.
  • 103340209A discloses an insecticidal and bacteriostatic controlled release granule containing clothianidin and tebuconazole, the active ingredients of which are clothianidin and tebuconazole, and the carrier is clay, diatomaceous earth, kaolin, clay, gypsum powder. One or several of them.
  • the coating agent is one or both of polyester fiber and paraffin wax.
  • 102351608A discloses a drug fertilizer which is a double-layer core-shell structure, which is in the form of particles, and is composed of a core, a core-coated intermediate layer and an intermediate layer coated with a controlled release layer as a shell.
  • the core is the fertilizer required for the crop.
  • the intermediate layer coated by the core is a pesticide.
  • the core can also be a pesticide-containing granule according to the production needs.
  • the intermediate layer coated with the core is fertilizer, and the outermost layer is controlled by pesticide and fertilizer. Controlled release layer.
  • the invention enables the pesticide fertilizer to coexist stably, release slowly, reduce the application and fertilization times of the crop growth period, and save field labor.
  • This fertilizer is a universal fertilizer, not specifically for which crop, and does not record the release cycle, and has no good reference value.
  • the present invention provides a peanut for the high-toxic pesticide residues in the prevention and control of underground pests, which affects the quality and safety of peanuts, and the low-toxic insecticide has a short duration of effective pesticide utilization.
  • the special coated controlled-release insecticide is applied to the result layer along with the seeding, and the drug effect is not released in the early stage of growth.
  • the dosage can be reduced to prevent non-point source pollution. It can also effectively control underground pests with strong targeting.
  • the present application also provides a preparation method of the peanut-specific coated controlled release pesticide.
  • the present invention is achieved by the following measures:
  • a peanut-specific coated controlled release insecticide comprising a three-layer structure, wherein
  • composition of the inner layer is 0.1-0.3 parts of phoxim, 0.5-1 part of imidacloprid, 1.5-3.5 parts of chlorpyrifos, 2.5-5 parts of chlorantraniliprole, 20-40 parts of wheat bran, 40-90 parts of humic acid, 5-50 parts of adhesive;
  • the middle layer raw material composition is 0.2-0.5 parts of phoxim, 1-2 parts of imidacloprid, 2.5-5 parts of chlorpyrifos, 2.5-5 parts of chlorantraniliprole, 40-90 parts of humic acid, and 20-30 parts of urea formaldehyde powder;
  • the outer layer of raw materials is composed of 40-60 parts of urea-formaldehyde powder, and the livestock and poultry fermented feces 30-40 parts;
  • the fermented feces of the livestock and poultry are obtained by the following steps:
  • the pile height of 0.8-1.2m build pile insert the thermometer into the pile to detect the temperature; then add the starter according to the total mass of 0.2%, the way of adding is 20-25cm in the process of building the pile
  • One layer add one-sixth to one-quarter of the starter, pile up to 0.8-1.2m, add water to the water content of 50-60%, ferment, wait until the temperature rises above 60 °C, turn over until The temperature of the pile is no longer raised, after drying, smashing, that is;
  • the starter contains 1-1.5 ⁇ 10 9 S. thermophilus, 0.3-0.5 ⁇ 10 8 IU of neutral protease, 0.1-0.2 ⁇ 10 6 IU of cellulase, 3-triacylglycerol acyl hydrolase 3- 4 ⁇ 10 5 IU, Saccharomyces cerevisiae 1-2 ⁇ 10 5 IU, Bacillus subtilis 3-4 ⁇ 10 6 IU.
  • the peanut-specific coated controlled release insecticide preferably comprises a three-layer structure, wherein the inner layer raw material composition is 0.2 parts of phoxim, 0.7 parts of imidacloprid, 2.5 parts of chlorpyrifos, 3.5 parts of chlorantraniliprole, and wheat bran 30. Parts, humic acid 65 parts, binder 30 parts; middle layer raw material composition is phoxim 0.4 parts, imidacloprid 1.5 parts, chlorpyrifos 4 parts, chlorantraniliprole 3.5 parts, humic acid 70 parts, urea formaldehyde powder 25 parts ;
  • the outer layer is composed of 50 parts of urea-formaldehyde powder and 35 parts of livestock and poultry. ;
  • the preparation method of the peanut special coated controlled release pesticide comprises the following steps:
  • the intermediate layer obtained in the step (2) is added, granulated and dried to obtain.
  • the coating amount of the middle layer raw material on the inner layer particles in the step (2) is 400-500 mg/g.
  • the coating amount of the outer layer raw material on the middle layer particles in the step (3) is 350-450 mg/g.
  • the peanut-specific controlled release insecticide of the present application is applied to the result layer together with the seeding, and does not release the drug effect in the early stage of growth, and is applied to the soil for about 50 days, and the capsule is decomposed and released when the needle is podted under the peanut. This can not only reduce the amount of pesticides to prevent non-point source pollution, but also improve the efficacy and targeted prevention and control of underground pests, safe storage and transportation, low processing costs, and good market prospects.
  • Fig. 1 is a graph showing the cumulative release rate of insecticides in each of Examples and Comparative Examples.
  • a peanut-specific coated controlled release insecticide characterized by having a three-layer structure, wherein
  • the inner layer raw material composition is 0.1 parts of phoxim, 1 part of imidacloprid, 1.5 parts of chlorpyrifos, 5 parts of chlorantraniliprole, 20 parts of wheat bran, 90 parts of humic acid, and 20 parts of binder;
  • the composition of the middle layer is 0.5 parts of phoxim, 1 part of imidacloprid, 5 parts of chlorpyrifos, 2.5 parts of chlorantraniliprole, 90 parts of humic acid and 20 parts of urea formaldehyde powder;
  • the outer layer of raw materials is composed of 60 parts of urea-formaldehyde powder, and 30 parts of livestock and poultry fermentation feces;
  • the fermented feces of the livestock and poultry are obtained by the following steps:
  • the pile height of 0.8-1.2m build pile insert the thermometer into the pile to detect the temperature; then add the starter according to the total mass of 0.2%, the way of adding is 20-25cm in the process of building the pile
  • One layer add one-sixth to one-quarter of the starter, pile up to 0.8-1.2m, add water to the water content of 50-60%, ferment, wait until the temperature rises above 60 °C, turn over until The temperature of the pile is no longer raised, after drying, smashing, that is;
  • the starter contains 1-1.5 ⁇ 10 9 S. thermophilus, 0.3-0.5 ⁇ 10 8 IU of neutral protease, 0.1-0.2 ⁇ 10 6 IU of cellulase, 3-triacylglycerol acyl hydrolase 3- 4 ⁇ 10 5 IU, Saccharomyces cerevisiae 1-2 ⁇ 10 5 IU, Bacillus subtilis 3-4 ⁇ 10 6 IU.
  • the intermediate layer obtained in the step (2) is added, granulated and dried to obtain.
  • a peanut-specific coated controlled release insecticide characterized by having a three-layer structure, wherein
  • the inner layer raw material composition is 0.3 parts of phoxim, 0.5 part of imidacloprid, 3.5 parts of chlorpyrifos, 2.5 parts of chlorantraniliprole, 40 parts of wheat bran, 40 parts of humic acid, and 50 parts of binder;
  • the middle layer raw material composition is 0.2 parts of phoxim, 2 parts of imidacloprid, 2.5 parts of chlorpyrifos, 5 parts of chlorantraniliprole, 40 parts of humic acid, and 30 parts of urea-formaldehyde powder;
  • the outer layer of raw materials is composed of 40 parts of urea-formaldehyde powder, and 40 parts of livestock and poultry fermentation feces;
  • the fermented feces of the livestock and poultry are obtained by the following steps:
  • the pile height of 0.8-1.2m build pile insert the thermometer into the pile to detect the temperature; then add the starter according to the total mass of 0.2%, the way of adding is 20-25cm in the process of building the pile
  • One layer add one-sixth to one-quarter of the starter, pile up to 0.8-1.2m, add water to the water content of 50-60%, ferment, wait until the temperature rises above 60 °C, turn over until The temperature of the pile is no longer raised, after drying, smashing, that is;
  • the starter contains 1-1.5 ⁇ 10 9 S. thermophilus, 0.3-0.5 ⁇ 10 8 IU of neutral protease, 0.1-0.2 ⁇ 10 6 IU of cellulase, 3-triacylglycerol acyl hydrolase 3- 4 ⁇ 10 5 IU, Saccharomyces cerevisiae 1-2 ⁇ 10 5 IU, Bacillus subtilis 3-4 ⁇ 10 6 IU.
  • the intermediate layer obtained in the step (2) is added, granulated and dried to obtain.
  • a peanut-specific coated controlled release insecticide characterized by having a three-layer structure, wherein
  • the inner layer raw material composition is 0.2 parts of phoxim, 0.7 parts of imidacloprid, 2.5 parts of chlorpyrifos, 3.5 parts of chlorantraniliprole, 30 parts of wheat bran, 65 parts of humic acid, and 30 parts of binder;
  • the middle layer raw material composition is 0.4 parts of phoxim, 1.5 parts of imidacloprid, 4 parts of chlorpyrifos, 3.5 parts of chlorantraniliprole, 70 parts of humic acid and 25 parts of urea formaldehyde powder;
  • the outer layer is composed of 50 parts of urea-formaldehyde powder and 35 parts of livestock and poultry fermentation;
  • the fermented feces of the livestock and poultry are obtained by the following steps:
  • the pile height of 0.8-1.2m build pile insert the thermometer into the pile to detect the temperature; then add the starter according to the total mass of 0.2%, the way of adding is 20-25cm in the process of building the pile
  • One layer add one-sixth to one-quarter of the starter, pile up to 0.8-1.2m, add water to the water content of 50-60%, ferment, wait until the temperature rises above 60 °C, turn over until The temperature of the pile is no longer raised, after drying, smashing, that is;
  • the starter contains 1-1.5 ⁇ 10 9 S. thermophilus, 0.3-0.5 ⁇ 10 8 IU of neutral protease, 0.1-0.2 ⁇ 10 6 IU of cellulase, 3-triacylglycerol acyl hydrolase 3- 4 ⁇ 10 5 IU, Saccharomyces cerevisiae 1-2 ⁇ 10 5 IU, Bacillus subtilis 3-4 ⁇ 10 6 IU.
  • the intermediate layer obtained in the step (2) is added, granulated and dried to obtain.
  • Example 3 In the same manner as in Example 3, the fermented feces of the livestock in the outer layer raw material was replaced with the urea-formaldehyde powder, and the rest was the same as in Example 3.
  • Example 3 Compared with Example 3, the fermented manure of the livestock in the outer layer raw material was deleted, and the rest was the same as in Example 3.
  • Example 3 Compared with Example 3, the fermented manure of the livestock in the outer layer raw material was modified to 70 parts, and the rest was the same as in Example 3.
  • Example 3 the fermented manure of the livestock in the outer layer raw material was replaced with the unfermented mixed manure-dried product, and the rest was the same as in Example 3.
  • Example 3 Compared with Example 3, the phoxim, imidacloprid, chlorpyrifos, chlorantraniliprole in the middle layer raw material is placed in the inner layer raw material, the urea-formaldehyde powder is placed in the outer layer raw material, and the inner layer raw material after the adjustment is granulated. Then, it was mixed and granulated with the outer layer raw material after the uniform adjustment, and the rest was the same as in Example 3.
  • the weight of the pesticide is measured at regular intervals, and samples are taken for laboratory testing, and the remaining active ingredient content is converted to obtain the release amount of the controlled release pesticide.
  • the average daily ground temperature is 15-20 °C in the early stage (planting period to seedling stage), the water content is 60-70%, and the average daily temperature in the medium term (flowering period to pod-forming period) is 20-28 °C.
  • the water content is 70-80%, and the average daily temperature is 28-35 °C and the water content is 60-70% in the later period (full fruit to maturity).
  • the experiment was conducted in the peanut test field of Gaotang County, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences. Using Huayu 22 as the test material, the controlled release pesticides of the examples and the comparative examples were calculated according to the amount of 5 kg per acre, and were applied together with the seeding, and the blank control was not applied with the insecticide.
  • the plot area is 20m 2 , 3 repetitions, 5th May sowing, and September 20th harvest.
  • the peanut pods were investigated for damage and the types and quantities of underground pests were investigated.
  • the classification criteria for peanut pods are as follows: Grade 0: pods are intact, no damage; Grade 1: pods have traces of damage; Grade 2: pods have small holes, but nuts are intact; Grade 3: pods have large holes, nuts Half of the victims; Level 4: pods and nuts are killed more than half. Among them, the damages of Grade 3 and Grade 4 have no edible and commercial value, and cannot be included in the yield as loss.
  • Control effect (the rate of fruit damage in the control area - the rate of fruit damage in the treatment area) / the rate of fruit damage in the control area ⁇ 100%
  • Loss fruit rate (3 levels + 4 damages) / total number of surveys ⁇ 100%
  • Control effect (loss rate in control area - fruit loss rate in treatment area) / loss rate in control area ⁇ 100%

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Abstract

本发明涉及杀虫剂技术领域，特别涉及一种花生专用包膜控释杀虫剂，含有三层结构，内层原料含有辛硫磷、吡虫啉、毒死蜱、氯虫苯甲酰胺、麦麸、腐殖酸、粘合剂；中层原料含有辛硫磷、吡虫啉、毒死蜱、氯虫苯甲酰胺、脲醛粉；外层原料含有脲醛粉和畜禽发酵粪便。随播种时一起施入结果层，生育前期不释放药效，施入土壤中50天左右，等到花生下针结荚前包膜分解、释放药效，这样既能减少农药用量防止面源污染，又能针对性强的有效防治地下害虫，可避免农药毒性和药害流失，并能减少农药用量、降低对环境污染，贮运安全、加工成本低，市场前景好。

Description

花生专用包膜控释杀虫剂及其制备方法 技术领域
本发明涉及杀虫剂技术领域，特别涉及一种花生专用包膜控释杀虫剂，还涉及所述花生专用包膜控释杀虫剂的制备方法。
背景技术
地下害虫是花生的重要虫害，主要包括蛴螬、蝼蛄和金针虫等。其主要为害花生荚果，危害比率大，严重降低花生产量和品质，虫害果数量与有效产量呈高度负相关关系。据统计，因蛴螬等地下害虫危害一般造成减产20％-40％，严重的减产70％-80％，甚至绝收。上世纪90年代之后随着抗性的增加，种植户也在不加限制地增加用药量，造成了花生的高毒高残留，种植效益随之下降，严重影响了农民种植的积极性，花生种植面积不断减少。
地下害虫对花生生育前期的影响较小，主要在花生结果后为害加重。防治地下害虫，生产上一般用药剂拌种或花生播种时沟施或撒施药剂。但是这些防治方法药效大部分浪费在了为害较轻的生育前期，而生育后期为害较重时往往药效已经很低。并且大量使用高毒杀虫剂的药效残留较高，影响花生品质和安全性，而低毒杀虫剂药效持续期短，因外界环境造成的分解流失严重，农药有效利用率低，往往起不到很好的防治作用。
103340209A公开了一种含噻虫胺和戊唑醇的杀虫杀菌缓控释颗粒剂，它的有效成分为噻虫胺和戊唑醇，载体为粘土、硅藻土、高岭土、陶土、石膏粉中的一种或几种。包衣剂为聚酯纤维和石蜡中的一种或两种。在作物种植时根部施用，对作物刺吸式害虫和真菌类病害有较好的控制效果，作物生长期施用两次能够很好的控制整个生长期的病虫害，能够很好的延长药剂的控制期，减少药剂的施药次数，节约人工成本。文中没有记载释放周期，没有很好的参考价值。
102351608A公开了一种药肥为双层核壳结构,呈颗粒状,由核、核外包覆的中间层和中间层外包覆的作为壳的控释层构成。核为作物所需肥料,核外所包覆的中间层为农药,根据生产需要核也可为含农药成份的颗粒,核外包覆的中间层为肥料,最外层为控制农药和肥料溶出的控释层。本发明使得农药肥料能稳定共处,缓慢释放,减少作物生育期的施药和施肥次数,节省田间劳动。此药肥是一种普适性药肥，并不是专门针对哪种作物，也没有记载释放周期，没有很好的参考价值。
发明内容
针对地下害虫防治时高毒杀虫剂的药效残留较高，影响花生品质和安全性，而低毒杀虫 剂药效持续期短农药有效利用率低的问题，本申请提供了一种花生专用包膜控释杀虫剂，随播种时一起施入结果层，生育前期不释放药效，等到花生下针结荚时包膜分解、释放药效，这样既能减少农药用量防止面源污染，又能针对性强的有效防治地下害虫。
本申请还提供了所述花生专用包膜控释杀虫剂的制备方法。
本发明是通过以下措施实现的：
一种花生专用包膜控释杀虫剂，含有三层结构，其中
内层原料组成为辛硫磷0.1-0.3份、吡虫啉0.5-1份、毒死蜱1.5-3.5份、氯虫苯甲酰胺2.5-5份、麦麸20-40份、腐殖酸40-90份、粘合剂5-50份；
中层原料组成为辛硫磷0.2-0.5份、吡虫啉1-2份、毒死蜱2.5-5份、氯虫苯甲酰胺2.5-5份、腐殖酸40-90份、脲醛粉20-30份；
外层原料组成为脲醛粉40-60份，畜禽发酵粪便30-40份；
所述畜禽发酵粪便通过以下步骤得到：
按重量比将鸡粪2-5份、羊粪2-5份、牛粪2-5份混合得混合粪，将秸秆粉碎成5-8厘米的小段，与混合粪以重量比2：8混匀，按堆宽1.5-2m，堆高0.8-1.2m建堆，堆中插入温度计检测温度；然后按总质量的0.2％加入发酵剂，加入方式为在建堆过程中按20-25cm高为一层，添加六分之一到四分之一的发酵剂，一直堆至0.8-1.2m，加水至含水量为50-60％，发酵，待温度升至60℃以上，进行翻堆，直至料堆温度不再升高，干燥后、粉碎，即得；
所述发酵剂每mL中含有嗜热链球菌1-1.5×10 9个、中性蛋白酶0.3-0.5×10 8IU、纤维素酶0.1-0.2×10 6IU、三酰基甘油酰基水解酶3-4×10 5IU、啤酒酵母菌1-2×10 5IU、枯草芽孢杆菌3-4×10 6IU。
所述的花生专用包膜控释杀虫剂，优选含有三层结构，其中内层原料组成为辛硫磷0.2份、吡虫啉0.7份、毒死蜱2.5份、氯虫苯甲酰胺3.5份、麦麸30份、腐殖酸65份、粘合剂30份；中层原料组成为辛硫磷0.4份、吡虫啉1.5份、毒死蜱4份、氯虫苯甲酰胺3.5份、腐殖酸70份、脲醛粉25份；
外层原料组成为脲醛粉50份，畜禽发酵粪便35份。；
所述的花生专用包膜控释杀虫剂的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
(1)将内层原料中的辛硫磷、吡虫啉、毒死蜱、氯虫苯甲酰胺、麦麸、腐殖酸、粘合剂混合后造粒、干燥得到内层颗粒；
(2)将中层原料中的辛硫磷、吡虫啉、毒死蜱、氯虫苯甲酰胺、腐殖酸、粘合剂、脲醛 粉混合后，加入步骤(1)中得到的内层颗粒，造粒、干燥，得到中层颗粒；
(3)将外层原料中的脲醛粉和畜禽发酵粪便混合后，加入步骤(2)中得到的中层颗粒，造粒、干燥，即得。
所述的制备方法，优选步骤(2)中中层原料在内层颗粒上的包覆量为400-500mg/g。
所述的制备方法，优选步骤(3)中外层原料在中层颗粒上的包覆量为350-450mg/g。
本发明的有益效果：
本申请的花生专用控释杀虫剂，随播种时一起施入结果层，生育前期不释放药效，施入土壤中50天左右，等到花生下针结荚时包膜分解、释放药效，这样既能减少农药用量防止面源污染，又能提高药效并针对性强的防治地下害虫，贮运安全、加工成本低，市场前景好。
附图说明
图1为各实施例及对比实施例杀虫剂累积释放率图。
具体实施方式
为了更好的理解本发明，下面结合具体实施例来进一步说明。
实施例1：
一种花生专用包膜控释杀虫剂，其特征在于含有三层结构，其中
内层原料组成为辛硫磷0.1份、吡虫啉1份、毒死蜱1.5份、氯虫苯甲酰胺5份、麦麸20份、腐殖酸90份、粘合剂20份；
中层原料组成为辛硫磷0.5份、吡虫啉1份、毒死蜱5份、氯虫苯甲酰胺2.5份、腐殖酸90份、脲醛粉20份；
外层原料组成为脲醛粉60份，畜禽发酵粪便30份；
所述畜禽发酵粪便通过以下步骤得到：
按重量比将鸡粪2-5份、羊粪2-5份、牛粪2-5份混合得混合粪，将秸秆粉碎成5-8厘米的小段，与混合粪以重量比2：8混匀，按堆宽1.5-2m，堆高0.8-1.2m建堆，堆中插入温度计检测温度；然后按总质量的0.2％加入发酵剂，加入方式为在建堆过程中按20-25cm高为一层，添加六分之一到四分之一的发酵剂，一直堆至0.8-1.2m，加水至含水量为50-60％，发酵，待温度升至60℃以上，进行翻堆，直至料堆温度不再升高，干燥后、粉碎，即得；
所述发酵剂每mL中含有嗜热链球菌1-1.5×10 9个、中性蛋白酶0.3-0.5×10 8IU、纤维素酶0.1-0.2×10 6IU、三酰基甘油酰基水解酶3-4×10 5IU、啤酒酵母菌1-2×10 5IU、枯草芽孢杆菌3-4×10 6IU。
制备方法，其特征在于包括以下步骤：
(1)将内层原料中的辛硫磷、吡虫啉、毒死蜱、氯虫苯甲酰胺、麦麸、腐殖酸、粘合剂混合后造粒、干燥得到内层颗粒；
(2)将中层原料中的辛硫磷、吡虫啉、毒死蜱、氯虫苯甲酰胺、腐殖酸、粘合剂、脲醛粉混合后，加入步骤(1)中得到的内层颗粒，造粒、干燥，得到中层颗粒；
(3)将外层原料中的脲醛粉和畜禽发酵粪便混合后，加入步骤(2)中得到的中层颗粒，造粒、干燥，即得。
实施例2：
一种花生专用包膜控释杀虫剂，其特征在于含有三层结构，其中
内层原料组成为辛硫磷0.3份、吡虫啉0.5份、毒死蜱3.5份、氯虫苯甲酰胺2.5份、麦麸40份、腐殖酸40份、粘合剂50份；
中层原料组成为辛硫磷0.2份、吡虫啉2份、毒死蜱2.5份、氯虫苯甲酰胺5份、腐殖酸40份、脲醛粉30份；
外层原料组成为脲醛粉40份，畜禽发酵粪便40份；
所述畜禽发酵粪便通过以下步骤得到：
按重量比将鸡粪2-5份、羊粪2-5份、牛粪2-5份混合得混合粪，将秸秆粉碎成5-8厘米的小段，与混合粪以重量比2：8混匀，按堆宽1.5-2m，堆高0.8-1.2m建堆，堆中插入温度计检测温度；然后按总质量的0.2％加入发酵剂，加入方式为在建堆过程中按20-25cm高为一层，添加六分之一到四分之一的发酵剂，一直堆至0.8-1.2m，加水至含水量为50-60％，发酵，待温度升至60℃以上，进行翻堆，直至料堆温度不再升高，干燥后、粉碎，即得；
所述发酵剂每mL中含有嗜热链球菌1-1.5×10 9个、中性蛋白酶0.3-0.5×10 8IU、纤维素酶0.1-0.2×10 6IU、三酰基甘油酰基水解酶3-4×10 5IU、啤酒酵母菌1-2×10 5IU、枯草芽孢杆菌3-4×10 6IU。
制备方法，其特征在于包括以下步骤：
(1)将内层原料中的辛硫磷、吡虫啉、毒死蜱、氯虫苯甲酰胺、麦麸、腐殖酸、粘合剂混合后造粒、干燥得到内层颗粒；
(2)将中层原料中的辛硫磷、吡虫啉、毒死蜱、氯虫苯甲酰胺、腐殖酸、粘合剂、脲醛粉混合后，加入步骤(1)中得到的内层颗粒，造粒、干燥，得到中层颗粒；
(3)将外层原料中的脲醛粉和畜禽发酵粪便混合后，加入步骤(2)中得到的中层颗粒，造粒、干燥，即得。
实施例3：
一种花生专用包膜控释杀虫剂，其特征在于含有三层结构，其中
内层原料组成为辛硫磷0.2份、吡虫啉0.7份、毒死蜱2.5份、氯虫苯甲酰胺3.5份、麦麸30份、腐殖酸65份、粘合剂30份；
中层原料组成为辛硫磷0.4份、吡虫啉1.5份、毒死蜱4份、氯虫苯甲酰胺3.5份、腐殖酸70份、脲醛粉25份；
外层原料组成为脲醛粉50份，畜禽发酵粪便35份；
所述畜禽发酵粪便通过以下步骤得到：
按重量比将鸡粪2-5份、羊粪2-5份、牛粪2-5份混合得混合粪，将秸秆粉碎成5-8厘米的小段，与混合粪以重量比2：8混匀，按堆宽1.5-2m，堆高0.8-1.2m建堆，堆中插入温度计检测温度；然后按总质量的0.2％加入发酵剂，加入方式为在建堆过程中按20-25cm高为一层，添加六分之一到四分之一的发酵剂，一直堆至0.8-1.2m，加水至含水量为50-60％，发酵，待温度升至60℃以上，进行翻堆，直至料堆温度不再升高，干燥后、粉碎，即得；
所述发酵剂每mL中含有嗜热链球菌1-1.5×10 9个、中性蛋白酶0.3-0.5×10 8IU、纤维素酶0.1-0.2×10 6IU、三酰基甘油酰基水解酶3-4×10 5IU、啤酒酵母菌1-2×10 5IU、枯草芽孢杆菌3-4×10 6IU。
制备方法，其特征在于包括以下步骤：
(1)将内层原料中的辛硫磷、吡虫啉、毒死蜱、氯虫苯甲酰胺、麦麸、腐殖酸、粘合剂混合后造粒、干燥得到内层颗粒；
(2)将中层原料中的辛硫磷、吡虫啉、毒死蜱、氯虫苯甲酰胺、腐殖酸、粘合剂、脲醛粉混合后，加入步骤(1)中得到的内层颗粒，造粒、干燥，得到中层颗粒；
(3)将外层原料中的脲醛粉和畜禽发酵粪便混合后，加入步骤(2)中得到的中层颗粒，造粒、干燥，即得。
对比实施例1：
同实施例3相比，将外层原料中的畜禽发酵粪便替换为脲醛粉，其余同实施例3相同。
对比实施例2：
同实施例3相比，将外层原料中的畜禽发酵粪便删除，其余同实施例3相同。
对比实施例3：
同实施例3相比，将外层原料中的畜禽发酵粪便修改为70份，其余同实施例3相同。
对比实施例4：
同实施例3相比，将外层原料中的畜禽发酵粪便替换为未经发酵的混合粪经干燥粉碎的产 物，其余同实施例3相同。
对比实施例5：
同实施例3相比，将中层原料中的辛硫磷、吡虫啉、毒死蜱、氯虫苯甲酰胺放入内层原料中，脲醛粉放入外层原料中，调整之后的内层原料制粒，然后再与混合均匀调整之后的外层原料混合制粒，其余同实施例3相同。
实施例4：控释性能研究
采用土壤培养法来评价上述实施例1、2、3及对比实施例1、2、3、4、5制备得到的控释杀虫剂控释性能。具体操作如下：
用尼龙网包裹控释杀虫剂施入土壤后，每隔一定时间测定杀虫剂的重量，并取样进行实验室检测，换算出剩余有效成分含量，从而得到控释杀虫剂释放量。
按照花生各个时期土壤温度和湿度进行控制，前期(播种期到苗期)日平均地温15-20℃、含水量60-70％，中期(开花期到结荚期)日平均地温20-28℃、含水量70-80％，后期(饱果期到成熟期)日平均地温28-35℃、含水量60-70％。
结果表明(表1、图1)，对比实施例1、2、4、5释放杀虫剂速率过慢，结荚期释放量均不足50％，成熟期释放量不足90％，土壤中有较多残留，尤其是对比实施例5残留严重。对比实施例3杀虫剂释放速率过快，饱果期之前释放量已达80％，在生育前期造成药效浪费，后期药效不足。实施例1、2、3药剂释放速率较合适，能较好吻合花生不同生育期害虫发生规律，可以有效防治地下害虫，提高杀虫剂利用率减少污染和残留。
表1 各处理不同时期杀虫剂累积释放率
Figure PCTCN2018096353-appb-000001
实施例5：虫害防治效果研究
试验设在山东省农业科学院高唐县花生试验田，蛴螬常年发生中等偏重。以花育22号为试验材料，将实施例和各对比实施例的控释杀虫剂按照每亩5kg施入量计算，随播种时一起 施入，空白对照不施杀虫剂。小区面积20m 2，3次重复，5月5日播种，9月20日收获。在花生荚果充实期和荚果收获时，调查花生荚果被害情况，并挖土调查地下害虫的种类和数量。
花生荚果被害分级标准如下：0级：荚果完整，无被害状；1级：荚果表皮有被害痕迹；2级：荚果有被害小洞，但果仁完整；3级：荚果有被害大洞，果仁被害一半；4级：荚、果仁均被害一半以上。其中3级、4级被害果没有任何食用和商品价值，不能计入产量为损失果。
荚果充实期以花生荚果被害率计算防治效果：
被害果率＝花生被害果数/调查花生总果数
防治效果＝(对照区被害果率－处理区被害果率)/对照区被害果率×100％
荚果收获期以损失果率计算防治效果
损失果率＝(3级+4级被害果数)/调查总果数×100％
防治效果＝(对照区损失果率－处理区损失果率)/对照区损失果率×100％
表2 各处理田间虫量调查
Figure PCTCN2018096353-appb-000002
表3 各处理对地下害虫的防治效果
Figure PCTCN2018096353-appb-000003
Figure PCTCN2018096353-appb-000004
由表2和表3可知，对比实施例1、2、4的虫量和被害果及损失果保持相对稳定，防治效果中等水平。对比实施例3在荚果充实期防治效果较好，但在荚果成熟期防治效果较差，而对比实施例5在荚果充实期防治效果较差，但在荚果成熟期防治效果较好。相比较而言，实施例1、2、3的虫量、被害果和损失果均最少，防治效果最佳，均达80％以上。
上述实施例为本发明较佳的实施方式，但本发明的实施方式并不受实施例的限制，其它任何未背离本发明的精神实质与原理下所做的改变、修饰、组合、替代、简化均应为等效替换方式，都包含在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (5)

  1. 一种花生专用包膜控释杀虫剂，其特征在于含有三层结构，其中
    内层原料组成为辛硫磷0.1-0.3份、吡虫啉0.5-1份、毒死蜱1.5-3.5份、氯虫苯甲酰胺2.5-5份、麦麸20-40份、腐殖酸40-90份、粘合剂5-50份；
    中层原料组成为辛硫磷0.2-0.5份、吡虫啉1-2份、毒死蜱2.5-5份、氯虫苯甲酰胺2.5-5份、腐殖酸40-90份、脲醛粉20-30份；
    外层原料组成为脲醛粉40-60份，畜禽发酵粪便30-40份；
    所述畜禽发酵粪便通过以下步骤得到：
    按重量比将鸡粪2-5份、羊粪2-5份、牛粪2-5份混合得混合粪，将秸秆粉碎成5-8厘米的小段，与混合粪以重量比2：8混匀，按堆宽1.5-2m，堆高0.8-1.2m建堆，堆中插入温度计检测温度；然后按总质量的0.2％加入发酵剂，加入方式为在建堆过程中按20-25cm高为一层，添加六分之一到四分之一的发酵剂，一直堆至0.8-1.2m，加水至含水量为50-60％，发酵，待温度升至60℃以上，进行翻堆，直至料堆温度不再升高，干燥后、粉碎，即得；
    所述发酵剂每mL中含有嗜热链球菌1-1.5×10 9个、中性蛋白酶0.3-0.5×10 8IU、纤维素酶0.1-0.2×10 6IU、三酰基甘油酰基水解酶3-4×10 5IU、啤酒酵母菌1-2×10 5IU、枯草芽孢杆菌3-4×10 6IU。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的花生专用包膜控释杀虫剂，其特征在于含有三层结构，其中
    内层原料组成为辛硫磷0.2份、吡虫啉0.7份、毒死蜱2.5份、氯虫苯甲酰胺3.5份、麦麸30份、腐殖酸65份、粘合剂30份；
    中层原料组成为辛硫磷0.4份、吡虫啉1.5份、毒死蜱4份、氯虫苯甲酰胺3.5份、腐殖酸70份、脲醛粉25份；
    外层原料组成为脲醛粉50份，畜禽发酵粪便35份；
    外层原料组成为脲醛粉50份，畜禽发酵粪便30份。
  3. 一种权利要求1或2所述的花生专用包膜控释杀虫剂的制备方法，其特征在于包括以下步骤：
    (1)将内层原料中的辛硫磷、吡虫啉、毒死蜱、氯虫苯甲酰胺、麦麸、腐殖酸、粘合剂混合后造粒、干燥得到内层颗粒；
    (2)将中层原料中的辛硫磷、吡虫啉、毒死蜱、氯虫苯甲酰胺、腐殖酸、粘合剂、脲醛粉混合后，加入步骤(1)中得到的内层颗粒，造粒、干燥，得到中层颗粒；
    (3)将外层原料中的脲醛粉和畜禽发酵粪便混合后，加入步骤(2)中得到的中层颗粒，造粒、干燥，即得。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的制备方法，其特征在于步骤(2)中中层原料在内层颗粒上的包覆量为400-500mg/g。
  5. 根据权利要求3所述的制备方法，其特征在于步骤(3)中外层原料在中层颗粒上的包覆量为350-450mg/g。
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