CN115003907A - 用于在车辆中借助具有带起动器发电机的带传动机构起动内燃机的方法和装置 - Google Patents
用于在车辆中借助具有带起动器发电机的带传动机构起动内燃机的方法和装置 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种在车辆中借助具有带起动器发电机的带传动机构起动内燃机的方法,其中所述带起动器发电机(2)被通电以驱动所述带传动机构(1)的带(3),并且带(3)的扭矩被传递到与内燃机(7)耦联的曲轴(10)上。在尽管成本降低但在所有情况下都可以可靠起动内燃机的方法中,为了起动内燃机(7),根据温度设定所述带起动器发电机(2)的至少一个参数(P)。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种在车辆中借助具有带起动器发电机的带传动机构起动内燃机的方法,其中,带起动器发电机被通电以驱动带传动机构的带,并且带的扭矩被传递到与内燃机耦联的曲轴上,以及涉及一种用于执行该方法的装置。
背景技术
DE 10 2014 207 720 A1公开了一种用于控制用于内燃机的带传动机构的方法,其中借助带与内燃机的曲轴以驱动连接的方式设置的带轮发电机借助控制设备控制。
DE 10 2018 132 398 A1公开了一种用于在机动车辆中存在带起动器发电机时借助带传动机构和/或小齿轮起动器起动内燃机的方法。带起动器发电机被通电以产生用于起动内燃机的扭矩,并且施加到带传动机构的带上的扭矩经由带传递到内燃机的曲轴上。为了起动内燃机,小齿轮起动器接合到双质量飞轮初级侧上的起动器齿圈中,从而使曲轴旋转。内燃机起动后,小齿轮起动器关闭。在曲轴的相反侧,带传动机构的带轮脱耦器与曲轴连接。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种用于起动内燃机的方法和装置,通过该方法和装置在所有情况下尽管成本降低都可以可靠地起动内燃机。
该目的通过权利要求1的主题来实现。
在一种用于在车辆中借助具有带起动器发电机的带传动机构起动内燃机的方法中,其中带起动器发电机被通电以驱动带传动机构的带并且带的扭矩被传递到与内燃机耦联的曲轴上,为了起动内燃机,根据温度来设定带起动器发电机的至少一个参数。这具有以下优点,即内燃机的钥匙起动可以通过带传动机构进行,钥匙起动在下文中理解为内燃机的首次起动或冷起动。因此可以省去小齿轮起动器。由此减少了内燃机所需的安装空间,同时减轻重量。除了降低成本之外,双质量飞轮的传动装置壳和齿圈也得到了简化。尤其是后者,因为不需要通过齿圈进行力传输。也存在节省电缆的潜力。
在一个实施方式中,根据内燃机的温度设定带起动器发电机的至少一个参数。由此确保了,在内燃机的任何温度下,相应的起动扭矩可以从带传动机构传递到内燃机以起动内燃机。
在另一实施方式中,如果内燃机的温度与车辆的环境温度之间的差值超过预定差值阈值,则根据内燃机的温度设定带起动器发电机的至少一个参数。借助软件可以简单地检测到这种情况。
在另一实施方式中,根据内燃机的相应的温度可变地、优选分级地调整带起动器发电机的至少一个参数。在此可以考虑发动机温度和环境温度之间的线性或非线性关系。
在另一实施方式中,在低于内燃机的第一预定温度时,升高或降低带起动器发电机的至少一个参数,并且在低于内燃机的比所述第一预定温度小的第二预定温度时,进一步升高或降低带起动器发电机的至少一个参数。因此,能容易执行分级调整。
在另一实施方式中,以脉冲方式控制带起动器发电机。这尤其在内燃机的温度非常低时是特别有利的,因为可以快速克服发动机起动扭矩并建立内燃机的转速。
在另一实施方式中,以交变的通电方向控制带起动器发电机。由此确保了内燃机的可靠起动和其转速的建立。
在另一实施方式中,当内燃机处于停止状态时,预定的扭矩在时间上限定地施加到带传动机构上,该扭矩小于起动内燃机所需的扭矩。该步骤可以作为实际起动内燃机之前的调节方法来执行,以确保克服带传动机构的不同部件的间隙角。通过克服该间隙角,整个带传动机构被张紧,使得内燃机曲轴的起动扭矩始终可以在相同的条件下施加。
在另一实施方式中,在根据温度调整带起动器发电机的至少一个参数时执行内燃机的钥匙起动,而在超过内燃机的第一预定温度时激活自动启停装置。带传动机构因此可以用于所有在车辆中设置的内燃机起动情况。
本发明的另一方面涉及一种用于在车辆中起动内燃机的装置,包括具有带起动器发电机的带传动机构,该带起动器发电机可以通过带与内燃机的曲轴耦联,其中带起动器发电机具有控制单元。在该装置中,控制单元构成用于执行根据本专利申请中描述的至少一个特征的方法。
附图说明
本发明允许许多实施方式。其中之一参照附图中所示的附图被更详细地阐述。
附图示出:
图1示出了用于执行根据本发明的方法的装置的实施例,
图2示出了与内燃机耦联的带传动机构的实施例,
图3示出了根据本发明的方法的实施例。
具体实施方式
图1示出了用于实施根据本发明的方法的装置的实施例。该装置构成为带传动机构1并且包括带起动器发电机2。带起动器发电机2驱动带3,带通过带轮脱耦器4驱动辅助设备5。在带起动器发电机2的区域中,带被摆式张紧器6包围,该摆式张紧器具有张紧辊8,其位置在内燃机7停止后可以是不确定的。除了张紧辊8的位置之外,在带传动机构1的各个部件中,不传递扭矩的间隙角也是不确定的。
图2显示了带传动机构1与内燃机7的连接。带轮脱耦器4与曲轴10耦联,曲轴接合到内燃机7的双质量飞轮9中。在当前情况下,空调压缩机用作辅助设备5。同时,借助水泵11和油泵12通过带传动机构1也驱动另外的辅助设备。
为了运行内燃机7,带起动器发电机2包括控制单元13,通过该控制单元给带起动器发电机2通电。控制单元13与用于测量内燃机7的温度的温度传感器14和环境温度传感器15连接(图1)。
现在将根据图3阐述根据本发明的方法的实施例。在方框100中,该方法被初始化。然后在方框110中检查内燃机7是否关闭,即内燃机7的转速nV是否为零。如果是这种情况,则随后在框120中进行调节过程JV。在该调节方法JV中,带起动器发电机2被短暂地通电,使得产生小于起动内燃机7所需的扭矩的扭矩。该扭矩被传递到带传动机构1上,由此摆式张紧器6和带传动机构1的其他部件一样恰好处于限定的起始位置,由此克服部件的间隙角并且带传动机构1准备就绪。
在随后的方框130中,检查内燃机7的温度TV是否低于第一预定温度T1。由环境温度传感器15测量的车辆外部温度TA在此可以用作第一预定温度T1。如果在方框130中确定内燃机7的温度TV大于第一预定温度T1,则在方框140中激活车辆的自动启停装置。否则,在方框150中检查内燃机7的温度Tv是否低于第二预定温度T2,所述第二预定温度低于第一预定温度T1。如果不是这种情况,则在方框160中根据温度T1来设定带起动器发电机2的参数P。带起动器发电机2的转速属于可变地调整的参数P,在第一次喷射到内燃机7中之前,该转速增加到例如>400转/分钟。带起动器发电机2的起动梯度也可以降低到300Nm/s或者可以提高到最大允许的扭矩。
如果内燃机7的温度Tv低于第二预定温度T2,则在方框170中以脉冲方式控制带起动器发电机2,其中同时能够改变电流方向。同时或替代地,带起动器发电机2的参数P被重新匹配于预定温度T2。因此,在第一次喷射之前,带起动器发电机2的转速可以进一步提高到例如>600转/分钟。此后,执行在方框180中的钥匙起动。
除了改变带起动器发电机2的参数外,内燃机7的运行参数也可以根据其发动机温度Tv改变。内燃机7的喷射转速、节气门角度或气门位置可以属于该参数,以便在内燃机7的起动过程期间减小压缩力。借助这些根据温度设定的参数P来执行钥匙起动,即内燃机的首次起动或冷起动(方框180)。
在释放钥匙起动(方框180)或释放自动启停装置(方框140)之后,在方框190中检查内燃机7是否起动,即其转速nv≠0。如果内燃机7已经起动,则程序结束(方框200)。如果内燃机7不旋转,则返回方框130。
附图标记说明
1 带传动机构
2 带起动器发电机
3 带
4 带轮脱耦器
5 辅助设备
6 摆式张紧器
7 内燃机
8 张紧辊
9 双质量飞轮
10 曲轴
11 水泵
12 油泵
13 控制单元
14 温度传感器
15 环境温度传感器
nv 内燃机转速
JV 调节过程
Tv 内燃机的温度
T1 第一预定温度
T2 第二预定温度
TA 环境温度
P 带起动器发电机的参数。
Claims (10)
1.一种在车辆中借助具有带起动器发电机的带传动机构起动内燃机的方法,其中所述带起动器发电机(2)被通电以驱动所述带传动机构(1)的带(3),并且所述带(3)的扭矩被传递到与所述内燃机(7)耦联的曲轴(10)上,其特征在于,为了起动所述内燃机(7),根据温度设定所述带起动器发电机(2)的至少一个参数(P)。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,根据所述内燃机(7)的温度(Tv)设定所述带起动器发电机(2)的至少一个参数(P)。
3.根据权利要求2所述的方法,其特征在于,如果所述内燃机(7)的温度(Tv)与所述车辆的环境温度(TA)之间的差值超过预定的差值阈值,那么根据所述内燃机(7)的温度(Tv)设定所述带起动器发电机(7)的至少一个参数(P)。
4.根据权利要求1或2所述的方法,其特征在于,根据所述内燃机(7)的相应的温度(Tv),可变地,优选分级地调整所述带起动器发电机(2)的至少一个参数(P)。
5.根据权利要求4所述的方法,其特征在于,在低于所述内燃机(7)的第一预定温度(T1)时,升高或降低所述带起动器发电机(2)的至少一个参数(P),并且在低于比所述第一预定温度(T1)小的第二预定温度(T2)时,进一步升高或降低所述带起动器发电机的至少一个参数。
6.根据前述权利要求中至少一项所述的方法,其特征在于,以脉冲方式控制所述带起动器发电机(2)。
7.根据前述权利要求中至少一项所述的方法,其特征在于,以交变的通电方向控制所述带起动器发电机(2)。
8.根据前述权利要求中至少一项所述的方法,其特征在于,在所述内燃机(7)处于停止状态时,将预定扭矩在时间上限定地施加到所述带传动机构(1)上,该预定扭矩小于起动所述内燃机(7)所需的扭矩。
9.根据前述权利要求中至少一项所述的方法,其特征在于,在根据温度调整所述带起动器发电机(2)的至少一个参数时,实施所述内燃机(7)的钥匙起动,而在超过所述内燃机(7)的第一预定温度(T1)时,激活自动启停装置。
10.一种用于在车辆中起动内燃机的装置,包括具有带起动器发电机(2)的带传动机构(3),所述带起动器发电机能通过带(3)与所述内燃机(7)的曲轴(10)耦联,其中所述带起动器发电机能由控制单元(13)控制,其特征在于,所述控制单元(13)构成用于执行根据前述权利要求中至少一项所述的方法。
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CN102959228A (zh) * | 2010-09-29 | 2013-03-06 | 宝马股份公司 | 具有至少两个起动系统的车辆驱动装置 |
DE102015213665A1 (de) * | 2014-07-23 | 2016-01-28 | Suzuki Motor Corporation | Motorsteuergerät |
GB201703306D0 (en) * | 2017-03-01 | 2017-04-12 | Gm Global Tech Operations Llc | A method of cranking an internal combustion engine of a motor vehicle |
DE102018132398A1 (de) * | 2018-01-24 | 2019-07-25 | Schaeffler Technologies AG & Co. KG | Verfahren zum Starten eines Verbrennungsmotors mittels eines Riementriebes und/oder eines Ritzelstarters bei vorhandenem Riemenstartergenerator in einem Kraftfahrzeug |
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FR2858665A1 (fr) * | 2003-08-08 | 2005-02-11 | Renault Sa | Procede de commande d'un ensemble d'entrainement de vehicule a moteur thermique |
CN102959228A (zh) * | 2010-09-29 | 2013-03-06 | 宝马股份公司 | 具有至少两个起动系统的车辆驱动装置 |
DE102015213665A1 (de) * | 2014-07-23 | 2016-01-28 | Suzuki Motor Corporation | Motorsteuergerät |
GB201703306D0 (en) * | 2017-03-01 | 2017-04-12 | Gm Global Tech Operations Llc | A method of cranking an internal combustion engine of a motor vehicle |
DE102018132398A1 (de) * | 2018-01-24 | 2019-07-25 | Schaeffler Technologies AG & Co. KG | Verfahren zum Starten eines Verbrennungsmotors mittels eines Riementriebes und/oder eines Ritzelstarters bei vorhandenem Riemenstartergenerator in einem Kraftfahrzeug |
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