CN114989389B - 一种高闭孔率低密度聚氨酯隔振垫及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种高闭孔率低密度聚氨酯隔振垫及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种高闭孔率低密度聚氨酯隔振垫及其制备方法，属于聚氨酯微孔弹性体技术领域。本发明通过调节发泡反应和凝胶反应的速率匹配，改善物料的流动性，以及采用有效的匀泡剂和水分缓释剂，控制生成的微孔的尺寸和均匀性，得到了密度为240kg/m3～300kg/m3的闭孔率高达65％，刚度变化率小于1.35的低密度、高性能聚氨酯隔振垫产品，承载范围在50kPa～300kPa，适用于建筑浮筑楼板，以及载荷在上述范围内的机械设备隔振减振应用。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种高闭孔率低密度聚氨酯隔振垫及其制备方法，属于聚氨酯微孔弹性体技术领域。
背景技术
高闭孔率(闭孔率＞60％)的聚氨酯微孔弹性体隔振垫，其微闭孔在高频振动载荷下快速形变回复，回弹性高达60％以上，对高频振动传递具有显著的阻隔效果，兼具较好的隔声效果，再结合高性能聚氨酯弹性体的优异的耐疲劳、耐磨、耐老化、耐油、耐腐蚀、防水、高绝缘等性能，可广泛应用于轨道交通、建筑、机械设备、体育休闲、国防军工等领域的隔振、隔声。
然而，闭孔率高于60％的高性能微孔聚氨酯弹性体，由于收缩、开裂、塌泡等制备和工艺难题尚未有效解决，市场没有密度低于300kg/m3的产品，不能满足高频率、低载荷应用场景的隔振隔声需求，如建筑浮筑楼板、电器设备等的隔振隔声。
发明内容
本发明解决的技术问题是：针对密度低于300kg/m3的高闭孔率微孔聚氨酯弹性体隔振垫制备过程中，容易出现收缩、开裂、塌泡等问题，提供一种高闭孔率低密度聚氨酯隔振垫及其制备方法，该方法制备的聚氨酯隔振垫，制品外观饱满，闭孔率大于65％，密度240～300kg/m3范围内可调，并且制备过程中不会出现收缩、开裂、塌泡等问题，对较低载荷下的高频振动具有很好的隔振效果，并且保留了聚氨酯微孔材料的优异耐疲劳、耐磨、耐老化、耐油、耐腐蚀、防水、高绝缘等性能，本发明通过调节发泡反应和凝胶反应的速率匹配，改善物料的流动性，以及采用有效的匀泡剂和水分缓释剂控制生成的微孔的尺寸和均匀性，得到了密度为240kg/m3～300kg/m3的闭孔率高达65％，刚度变化率小于1.35的低密度、高性能聚氨酯隔振垫产品。
本发明的目的是通过以下技术方案实现的。
一种高闭孔率低密度聚氨酯隔振垫，所述隔振垫是由A组分与B组分固化成型得到的密度为240kg/m3～300kg/m3的微孔聚氨酯弹性垫板；
所述A组分是由聚醚多元醇、扩链剂、发泡剂、阻燃剂、匀泡剂、催化剂、水分缓释剂混合均匀配制而成；
所述聚醚多元醇包含分子量为1000的聚四氢呋喃醚二醇(PTMEG1000)、分子量为2000的聚四氢呋喃醚二醇(PTMEG2000)以及分子量为5000的聚氧化丙烯三醇(EP330)；
所述扩链剂包括1,4-丁二醇(BDO)和二乙醇胺(DEA)；
所述发泡剂为H2O；
所述阻燃剂为甲基膦酸二甲酯(DMMP)；
所述匀泡剂为江苏美思德公司牌号为AK7771的匀泡剂；
所述催化剂包含五甲基二亚乙基三胺(pc-5)和三亚乙基二胺(A33)；
所述水分缓释剂为目数为300的分子筛。
以制备所述A组分的原料总质量为100份，则制备A组分的原料成分及各成分的质量含量如下：
所述B组分是含有-NCO基团的化合物与聚四氢呋喃醚多元醇在(80～100)℃下搅拌反应(4～6)h形成的-NCO值在16～17之间的预聚体。
所述A组分含有的活泼-H(多元醇-OH中的活泼-H和H2O中活泼-H之和)与B组分含有的-NCO基团(含有-NCO基团的化合物与聚四氢呋喃醚多元醇反应之后剩余的-NCO)间发生定量反应，活泼-H和-NCO基团之间的摩尔比为1.00：(0.98～1.03)，优选为1.00：(0.99～1.01)。
进一步地，先将A组分预热至(30±2)℃以及B组分预热至(40±2)℃，预热后的A组分和预热后的B组分经双组分聚氨酯浇注机混合均匀后，连续浇注到连续运行的链板下表面，然后进入预热至(65±5)℃限定高度和宽度的设定长度的层压机中固化成型，出层压机后切割成特定长度的所需的隔振垫产品。
进一步地，以制备所述A组分的原料总质量为100份，则制备A组分的原料成分及各成分的质量含量如下：
进一步地，制备B组分中，所述的含有-NCO基团的化合物选用二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯(MDI)和甲苯二异氰酸酯(TDI)设定比例的混合物；所述聚四氢呋喃醚多元醇为PTMEG1000和PTMEG2000。
进一步地，以制备所述B组分的原料总质量为100份，则制备B组分的原料成分及各成分的质量含量如下：
有益效果
(1)本发明通过调节发泡反应和凝胶反应的速率匹配，改善物料的流动性，以及采用有效的匀泡剂和水分缓释剂，控制生成的微孔的尺寸和均匀性，得到了密度240kg/m3～300kg/m3的闭孔率高达65％，刚度变化率小于1.35的低密度、高性能聚氨酯隔振垫产品，承载范围在50kPa～300kPa，适用于建筑浮筑楼板，以及载荷在上述范围内的机械设备隔振减振应用；
(2)本方法制备的密度为240～300kg/m3的隔振垫，具有低的损耗因子和动静态刚度比值，而且回弹性好，对较高频率的振动和噪音具有理想的隔离消减作用，可有效提高建筑内人员的舒适度，降低高频振动对精密仪器设备运行的影响。
(3)本发明通过选用适量的温和发泡催化剂pc-5和凝胶平衡催化剂A33，可适当延长反应放热过程，降低制备的微孔弹性体内的温度，避免反应放热集中导致的升温过快，进而催化发泡和凝胶反应速度，导致气体膨胀剧烈带来的破泡、塌泡现象，以及冷却前后温差过大，凝胶速度不匹配导致的闭孔内气体收缩产生的收缩、塌泡现象，确保泡孔尺寸平稳生长，得到需要的密度；
(4)本发明配方中添加微量二乙醇胺(DEA)，利用其氨基上的活泼-H与-NCO基团的高反应活性，在微孔生成过程中加快基体骨架结构的形成，从而增强微孔生成过程中的基体强度，以及微孔尺寸稳定后基体骨架的强度，降低收缩现象发生的风险；
(5)本发明选用适宜的匀泡剂AK7771以及控制其用量，可得到微孔尺寸均匀性好、闭孔率高、微孔尺寸相对较大的微孔聚氨酯隔振垫。适当提高微孔尺寸，减少微孔生成的数量，可相应增加微孔壁的厚度，有效增强微孔壁对微孔的包裹强度，减少微孔生成过程中泡孔破裂的比例。
(6)本发明选用一定量的300目的3A分子筛，在发泡反应过程中，可起到缓释发泡剂水的作用，从而控制发泡反应平稳进行，避免发泡反应剧烈导致的放热集中带来的开裂、塌泡等问题。分子筛具有较好的吸水作用，其吸附的水在微孔弹性体成型反应过程中并未完全释放，实验验证未反应的水在体系中对制备的弹性体性能没有影响。
(7)本发明采用MDI与TDI设定比例复配的异氰酸酯，可适当降低预聚体的反应活性，使发泡反应缓慢平稳进行，对避免制备的微孔弹性体开裂、塌泡等问题有利。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施方式对本发明作进一步阐述，其中，所述方法如无特别说明均为常规方法，所述原材料如无特别说明均能从公开商业途径获得。
实施例1
(1)将32份PTMEG1000(官能度为2，分子量为1000的聚四氢呋喃醚二醇)、30份PTMEG2000(官能度为2，分子量为2000的聚四氢呋喃醚二醇)、21.1份EP330(官能度为3，分子量为5000的聚氧化丙烯三醇)、7份BDO(1,4-丁二醇)、0.35份DEA(二乙醇胺)、0.95份H2O、5份DMMP(甲基膦酸二甲酯)、2.4份AK7771、0.2份pc-5(五甲基二亚乙基三胺)、0.3份A33(三亚乙基二胺)和0.7份3A分子筛混合均匀，得到A组分；
将30份MDI(二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯)、20份TDI(甲苯二异氰酸酯)、25份PTMEG1000和25份PTMEG2000混合后，在氮气保护气氛下，于85℃下搅拌反应4h，得到-NCO值为16.57的B组分；
(2)按照A组分中活泼-H与B组分中-NCO基团1:1的摩尔比，将预热至(30±2)℃的A组分，以及预热至(40±2)℃的B组分经双组分聚氨酯浇注机混合均匀后，连续浇注到连续运行的链板下表面，然后进入预热至(65±5)℃限定高度和宽度的一定长度的层压机中固化成型，出层压机后切割成特定长度的密度为240kg/m3的减振垫产品。
实施例2
(1)将30份PTMEG1000(官能度为2，分子量为1000的聚四氢呋喃醚二醇)、32份PTMEG2000(官能度为2，分子量为2000的聚四氢呋喃醚二醇)、21.2份EP330(官能度为3，分子量为5000的聚氧化丙烯三醇)、7份BDO(1,4-丁二醇)、0.32份DEA(二乙醇胺)、0.90份H2O、5份DMMP(甲基膦酸二甲酯)、2.4份AK7771、0.18份pc-5(五甲基二亚乙基三胺)、0.3份A33(三亚乙基二胺)和0.7份3A分子筛混合均匀，得到A组分；
将30份MDI(二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯)、20份TDI(甲苯二异氰酸酯)、25份PTMEG1000和25份PTMEG2000混合后，在氮气保护气氛下，于85℃下搅拌反应4h，得到-NCO值为16.57的B组分；
(2)按照A组分中活泼-H与B组分中-NCO基团1:1的摩尔比，将预热至(30±2)℃的A组分，以及预热至(40±2)℃的B组分经双组分聚氨酯浇注机混合均匀后，连续浇注到连续运行的链板下表面，然后进入预热至(65±5)℃限定高度和宽度的一定长度的层压机中固化成型，出层压机后切割成特定长度的密度为260kg/m3的减振垫产品。
实施例3
(1)将32份PTMEG1000(官能度为2，分子量为1000的聚四氢呋喃醚二醇)、30份PTMEG2000(官能度为2，分子量为2000的聚四氢呋喃醚二醇)、21.35份EP330(官能度为3，分子量为5000的聚氧化丙烯三醇)、7份BDO(1,4-丁二醇)、0.30份DEA(二乙醇胺)、0.85份H2O、5份DMMP(甲基膦酸二甲酯)、2.3份AK7771、0.2份pc-5(五甲基二亚乙基三胺)、0.3份A33(三亚乙基二胺)和0.7份3A分子筛混合均匀，得到A组分；
将30份MDI(二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯)、20份TDI(甲苯二异氰酸酯)、25份PTMEG1000和25份PTMEG2000混合后，在氮气保护气氛下，于85℃下搅拌反应4h，得到-NCO值为16.57的B组分；
(2)按照A组分中活泼-H与B组分中-NCO基团1:1的摩尔比，将预热至(30±2)℃的A组分，以及预热至(40±2)℃的B组分经双组分聚氨酯浇注机混合均匀后，连续浇注到连续运行的链板下表面，然后进入预热至(65±5)℃限定高度和宽度的一定长度的层压机中固化成型，出层压机后切割成特定长度的密度280kg/m3的减振垫产品。
按照相应的标准分别对实施例1、2、3所制备的聚氨酯微孔弹性体隔振垫进行各种性能测试，测试结果详见表1；其中，密度测试参照标准GB/T1033.1-2008，拉伸强度以及断裂伸长率测试参照标准GB/T1040.3-2006，静态弹性模量测试参照标准TB/T 3395.1(23±2℃保温24h，载荷1kN～35kN)，动态弹性模量测试参照标准TB/T 3395.1，回弹率测试参照标准GB/T 1681-2009,压缩永久变形率(70℃，22h，30％压缩)测试参照标准GB/T 10653，载荷300万次疲劳试验参照标准TB/T 3395.1附录C(23±2℃保温24h，循环载荷20～80kN，加载频率4±1Hz)，闭孔率测试参照标准GB/T 10799-2008，热导率测试参照标准GB/T 29288-2012，吸水率测试参照标准GB/T 1690-2010，防火性能测试参照标准GB8624-2006。
表1
由表1的测试结果可知，实施例1～3所制备的聚氨酯微孔弹性体隔振垫具有低的损耗因子、回弹性好且有优异的耐疲劳性能和高绝缘性能，可广泛应用于轨道交通、建筑、机械设备、体育休闲、国防军工等领域的隔振、隔声。
综上所述，以上仅为本发明的较佳实施例而已，并非用于限定本发明的保护范围。凡在本发明的精神和原则之内，所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等，均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims (1)
1.一种高闭孔率低密度聚氨酯隔振垫，其特征在于该隔振垫的制备方法为：
（1）将32份官能度为2，分子量为1000的聚四氢呋喃醚二醇PTMEG1000、30份官能度为2，分子量为2000的聚四氢呋喃醚二醇PTMEG2000、21.35份官能度为3，分子量为5000的聚氧化丙烯三醇EP330、7份1,4-丁二醇BDO、0.30份二乙醇胺DEA、0.85份H2O、5份甲基膦酸二甲酯DMMP、2.3份AK7771、0.2份五甲基二亚乙基三胺pc-5、0.3份三亚乙基二胺A33和0.7份3A分子筛混合均匀，得到A组分；
将30份二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯MDI、20份甲苯二异氰酸酯TDI、25份PTMEG1000和25份PTMEG2000混合后，在氮气保护气氛下，于85℃下搅拌反应4 h，得到-NCO值为16.57的B组分；
（2）按照A 组分中活泼-H与B组分中-NCO基团1:1的摩尔比，将预热至（30±2）℃的A组分，以及预热至（40±2）℃的B组分经双组分聚氨酯浇注机混合均匀后，连续浇注到连续运行的链板下表面，然后进入预热至（65±5）℃限定高度和宽度的层压机中固化成型，出层压机后切割成密度为280kg/m3的减振垫产品；
A 组分中活泼-H是指：多元醇-OH中的活泼-H和H2O中活泼-H之和；
B组分含有的-NCO基团是指：含有-NCO基团的化合物与聚四氢呋喃醚多元醇反应之后剩余的-NCO。
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