CN114982679A - Finless eel family establishing and excellent family breeding method - Google Patents
Finless eel family establishing and excellent family breeding method Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
- A01K61/10—Culture of aquatic animals of fish
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
- A01K61/90—Sorting, grading, counting or marking live aquatic animals, e.g. sex determination
- A01K61/95—Sorting, grading, counting or marking live aquatic animals, e.g. sex determination specially adapted for fish
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- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
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Abstract
The invention provides a finless eel family establishing and excellent family breeding method, and relates to the technical field of aquaculture. The invention provides a finless eel family establishing and excellent family breeding method, a high-yield finless eel family is obtained by the family breeding method, and the current situation that no rapid growth family exists in finless eels at present can be filled. Tests prove that the breeding method successfully screens and obtains the finless eel fast growth family No. 10 box family and No. 12 box family, can improve the yield value of finless eels, increase the economic benefit of farmers, further stimulate the development of finless eel breeding industry, and simultaneously provide a foundation for screening finless eel fast growth genes through molecular breeding in the follow-up process.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of aquaculture, in particular to a method for establishing finless eel family and breeding excellent eel family.
Background
Monopterus albus (Monopterus albus) is an important representative fish of the order gill (Synbranchiformes), the family gill (Synbranchidae) and the genus Monopterus (Monopterus), and is mainly distributed in the countries from southeast Asia to east Asia. The finless eel has fresh and tender meat, delicious taste, high nutritive value and certain medicinal effect. With the breakthrough of artificial breeding technology of finless eels in recent years, the industrial situation of shortage of wild fries is greatly relieved. The stable and high-quality seedling output enables the finless eel to become one of important special and high-quality aquatic products for cultivation in Yangtze river watershed, and the method has good development prospect. As the finless eel breeding industry develops gradually, the breeding of high-quality seed sources is particularly important for the development of subsequent industries.
The selective breeding is a technical method for selecting natural variation groups meeting the production and living needs by utilizing the existing varieties in a manual screening mode, and obtaining new varieties with excellent properties, stable inheritance and meeting the seed selection requirements through multi-generation screening. The family breeding is one of the important methods in the traditional selective breeding method, and means that the goal of improving and stabilizing the main economic characters is achieved by increasing the frequency of target genes in breeding groups through selective breeding with families as a unit.
At present, with the gradual expansion of the consumption market of the finless eels, the cultivation of the germchits with excellent growth and development characteristics and good economic characters can greatly standardize and expand the cultivation and production of the finless eels and promote the expansion of the industrial scale. However, due to the emerging start of the artificial breeding technology of the finless eels, the excellent finless eel family screening is still in a blank stage, and whether the finless eels with high feed conversion rate and rapid growth can be screened becomes a main factor for restricting the development of finless eel breeding industry. Therefore, the method for screening the finless eel families with excellent growth characteristics as soon as possible becomes one of the main aspects of the development of the finless eel industry at present.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the invention aims to provide a finless eel family establishing and excellent family breeding method, which can fill the current situation that finless eels have no fast-growing family, improve the finless eel production value and promote the development of finless eel breeding industry.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
the invention provides a method for establishing finless eel family and breeding excellent finless eel family, which comprises the steps of obtaining and cultivating finless eel parent fish, establishing finless eel family, carrying out standard finless eel family cultivation and screening finless eel rapid growth families; the parent finless eel is a temporarily-cultured wild finless eel female and male individual with high gonad development maturity.
Preferably, the establishment of the finless eel family comprises the following steps:
collecting eggs of female finless eel parents and semen of male finless eels for artificial fertilization, and incubating obtained fertilized eggs for cultivation.
More preferably, the ovum of the female finless eel parent is obtained by artificial egg squeezing after the injection of an oxytocin; the ova are fertilized independently.
More preferably, the hatching container is a square plastic basket, and the flow rate of water flow in the square plastic basket ensures that the water-driven eggs are immobile.
More preferably, the temperature of the hatching is 19.5-20.5 ℃, and antibiotics are added in the process of the hatching.
More preferably, the breeding is carried out until the length of the eel body is 3-4 cm.
Preferably, the standardized breeding of the finless eel family comprises the following steps: and placing the established young eel of one family in a net cage for feeding and cultivating.
More preferably, the mesh specification of the net cage is 10-36 meshes, the length of the net cage is 1.5-2.5 meters, and the width of the net cage is 1-2 meters.
Preferably, the screening of the finless eel rapid growth family comprises the following steps:
selecting finless eel families to grow to 10 days old, 90 days old and 260 days old, and randomly sampling 30 finless eel families for body length and body mass measurement.
More preferably, the growth performance of different families is evaluated by utilizing daily growth rate, daily weight gain rate, relative growth rate and relative weight gain rate, and the finless eel rapid growth family can be obtained through screening.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the invention provides a finless eel family establishing and excellent family breeding method, a high-yield finless eel family is obtained by the family breeding method, and the current situation that no rapid growth family exists in finless eels at present can be filled. Experiments show that the breeding method successfully screens and obtains the finless eel fast growth family line No. 10 box family and No. 12 box family, can improve the finless eel production value, increase the economic benefit of farmers, further stimulate the development of finless eel breeding industry, and simultaneously provides a foundation for screening finless eel fast growth genes through molecular breeding in the follow-up process.
Drawings
FIG. 1 shows the daily growth rate of finless eel when the finless eel grows to 260 days old.
FIG. 2 shows the daily weight gain rate of finless eel when grown to 260 days of age.
Fig. 3 shows the relative growth rate of finless eel family between 10 and 260 days of age.
Fig. 4 shows the relative weight gain rate between 10 and 260 days of finless eel family.
Detailed Description
The invention provides a method for establishing finless eel family and breeding excellent finless eel family, which comprises the steps of obtaining and cultivating finless eel parent fish, establishing finless eel family, carrying out standard finless eel family cultivation and screening finless eel rapid growth families; the parent finless eel is a temporarily-cultured wild finless eel female and male individual with high gonad development maturity.
In the invention, the ricefield eel parent fish is preferably selected from ricefield eel breeding period, and the ricefield eel parent fish is more preferably a wild ricefield eel hermaphrodite individual with good health state, bright body color, good vitality and high gonad development maturity.
The establishment of the finless eel family comprises the following steps: collecting eggs of female finless eel parents and semen of male finless eels for artificial fertilization, and incubating and culturing the obtained fertilized eggs. In the invention, the ovum of the female finless eel parent is obtained by artificial egg squeezing after the injection of an oxytocin; the period of the injection of the oxytocic is from the development of the ovary of the parent female fish to the V period. In the present invention, the ova are independently fertilized; the fertilization method is preferably artificial dry fertilization; and the fertilized eggs after fertilization are preferably placed on a mesh screen for incubation, and the mesh screen preferably floats on the surface of the water body, so that the fry is shallow in the water surface. In the invention, the hatching container is preferably a square plastic basket, and the flow rate of water flow in the square plastic basket ensures that the water-driven eggs are immobile. In the present invention, the incubation temperature is preferably 19.5-20.5 ℃, more preferably 20 ℃; during the incubation, an antibiotic is preferably added, preferably a broad-spectrum antibiotic, more preferably oxytetracycline. The dosage of the oxytetracycline is preferably 0.1mg/ml, and the antibiotic is used for preventing and treating fish diseases and diseases such as saprolegnia and the like of fish eggs. In the invention, the fertilized eggs emerge after hatching and rupture of membranes for 4-7 days, the egg yolks disappear after rupture of membranes for 3-5 days, a small amount of red nematodes are fed as fry opening materials two days after the egg yolks disappear, and the red nematodes are fed once in the morning and at night for cultivation. According to the invention, after the finless eel is cultured until the length of the finless eel body is 3-4cm, the family standard cultivation is carried out; the cultivation time is preferably 25 to 32 days, more preferably 30 days.
In the invention, the standardized breeding of the finless eel family comprises the following steps: and (3) placing the established young eel of one family in a net cage for feeding and cultivating. In the invention, the number of the young eels in one family is preferably 200, and the young eels in one family are preferably fed and cultivated in one net cage. In the invention, the mesh specification of the net cage is preferably 10-36 meshes, and more preferably 18-27 meshes; the length of the net cage is preferably 1.5-2.5 meters, more preferably 2.0 meters, and the width of the net cage is preferably 1-2 meters, more preferably 1.5 meters. The material of the net cage is not particularly limited, and in the specific embodiment of the invention, the net cage is preferably made of polyethylene knotless net sheets. The net cages provided by the invention can ensure that the growth environments are the same in the family cultivation process, and the factors of growth differences of finless eels caused by different seedling densities are eliminated. In the invention, the net cage is preferably provided with the cover net, and aquatic plants such as water peanuts, water hyacinth and the like are preferably placed in the net cage.
In the invention, the screening of the finless eel rapid growth family comprises the following steps: selecting finless eel families to grow to 10 days old, 90 days old and 260 days old, and randomly sampling 30 finless eel families for body length and body mass measurement. The invention selects the finless eel families growing to 10 days old, 90 days old and 260 days old, and aims to avoid the influence of winter air temperature factors on growth and development factors of finless eels. In the present invention, the method for measuring body length and body mass preferably includes the steps of: carrying out immersion bath anesthesia for 5min by using MS-222 with the concentration of 0.6g/L, and weighing the mass of the body by using an electronic scale with the precision of 0.1 g; the body length is measured by a ruler, the minimum division value is 1mm, and the average of the body mass and the body length of each family in each period is calculated respectively. After the body length and the body mass are measured, the growth performance of different families is preferably evaluated by utilizing the daily growth rate, the daily weight gain rate, the relative growth rate and the relative weight gain rate, and the finless eel rapid growth family can be obtained through screening. In the invention, the larger the daily weight gain rate and the daily growth rate are, the faster the growth speed of the family is, the family is a dominant family; the larger the relative weight gain rate and the relative growth rate are, the higher the conversion rate of the family feed is, and the better the growth performance is.
The present invention will be described in detail with reference to examples for better understanding the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention, but they should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention.
In the following examples, unless otherwise specified, all methods are conventional.
Materials, reagents and the like used in the following examples are commercially available unless otherwise specified.
Example 1
Establishment of finless eel family and breeding of excellent eel family
1. Obtaining and breeding finless eel parent fish
At the beginning of 3 months in 2021, wild finless eel individuals are captured from a field river as parents and temporarily cultured in a net cage to the bottom of 4 months. After 4 months of 2021 and after the ricefield eel propagation period, selecting male and female individuals with good health state, bright body color, good vitality and high gonad development maturity as parents for constructing families.
2. Establishment of finless eel family
1) Selecting 32 tails and 29 tails of wild finless eel female fish, and injecting an oxytocic into parent female fish with ovaries developing to a V stage to perform artificial oxytocic; obtaining ova by adopting an artificial egg squeezing mode after the injection of the oxytocic, and independently collecting the ova of each female fish and respectively placing the ova in a 1L plastic beaker; collecting sperms of the male fish for artificial dry fertilization, standing a beaker for 5min after fertilization is completed, and uniformly distributing fertilized eggs in a mesh screen with a wooden frame fixed and flat, so that the wooden frame floats on the surface when placed in water, and fry are guaranteed to be shallow in a water meter for incubation;
2) hatching the offspring seeds: using a square plastic basket as an incubation container, wherein the flow rate of water in the incubation basket is based on the water-driven egg immobilization, and the water temperature is kept at 20 ℃; checking the hatching condition for 1 time every 2 hours, and removing bad eggs in the hatching basket to prevent water body pollution; during the hatching period of the fries, oxytetracycline is used for preventing and treating fish diseases and preventing diseases such as saprolegnia every 2 days, and the dosage of the oxytetracycline is 0.1 mg/ml. Hatching fertilized eggs for 4-7 days, breaking membranes and sprouting, removing yolk after membrane breaking for 3-5 days, feeding a small amount of red nematodes as fry opening materials two days after yolk is removed, and feeding once in the morning and at night; after 30 days, the eel grows to 3-4cm, and 200 tails are thrown into each net cage for cultivation.
3. Standardized cultivation of families
About 200 young finless eels of one family are put into each net cage, and the net cages for culturing the finless eels are polyethylene knotless net sheets, the specification of the net meshes is 25 meshes, the length of each net cage is 2 meters, and the width of each net cage is 1.5 meters. Meanwhile, a cover net is arranged on the net cage, four corners of the net cage are fixed by using wooden piles, the upper edge of the net cage is 70cm higher than the water surface, the box body is submerged for 60cm, the spacing is about 1m, the row spacing is 1-2m, and peanuts or water hyacinth are placed in the net cage; feeding the young eels on the 2 nd day after the eels are put into the box, and feeding the same and quantitative feed for each net cage according to the food intake required by the growth of the eels;
4. screening of finless eel growth rapid family
Selecting finless eel families to grow to 10 days old, 90 days old and 260 days old for data statistics, and randomly sampling 30 finless eel families for body length and body mass measurement;
the measuring method comprises the following steps: firstly, carrying out immersion bath anesthesia for 5min by using the LMS-222 with the concentration of 0.6g/LMS, and weighing the body mass by using an electronic scale with the precision of 0.1 g; the body length is measured with a ruler, and the minimum division value is 1 mm. The average of the body mass and body length of each family at each time period was calculated, and the results are shown in tables 1 and 2.
TABLE 1 statistical results of finless eel family quality at different growth stages
TABLE 2 statistics of finless eel family length at different growth periods
Note: when establishing the family, the net cage numbers are continuous, and the finless eel family in the subsequent partial boxes dies in the culture process, so that the relevant data are not recorded in the tables 1 and 2.
Based on Table 1 and the values in the tables, using equation one: the daily growth rate was calculated from the body length increased during the cultivation/actual cultivation days, and the results are shown in fig. 1; using equation two: the daily weight gain rate was calculated from the weight gain/actual days of cultivation during cultivation, and the results are shown in FIG. 2; using the formula three: the relative growth rate is calculated by the difference of the body lengths measured twice/the number of days between the two measurements, and the result is shown in figure 3; using the formula four: the relative rate of weight gain was calculated as the difference between two measurements of body weight/two measurements separated by days, and the results are shown in FIG. 4.
As can be seen from fig. 1, the daily growth rate of the family 10 and the family 12 is significantly higher than that of the remaining families (P < 0.05). The data in fig. 2 shows that the daily gain rates for the families No. 2, No. 24, and No. 27 boxes are significantly lower than for the remaining families (P > 0.05), being slow-growing families. Fig. 3 and 4 show the relative growth rate and the relative weight gain rate between the age of 10 days and the age of 260 days of each family, respectively, and it can be seen that the relative weight gain rate and the relative growth rate of the families of case 9, case 10 and case 12 are higher than those of other families. Finally, successfully screening to obtain the finless eel fast growth family of No. 10 box family and No. 12 box family.
The above description is only an embodiment of the present invention, and not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and all modifications of equivalent structures and equivalent processes, which are made by the present specification, or directly or indirectly applied to other related technical fields, are included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A method for establishing finless eel family and breeding excellent family is characterized in that the method comprises the steps of obtaining and cultivating finless eel parent fish, establishing finless eel family, carrying out standard finless eel family cultivation and screening finless eel rapid growth family; the parent finless eel is a temporarily-cultured wild finless eel female and male individual with high gonad development maturity.
2. The breeding method according to claim 1, wherein the establishment of the finless eel family comprises the following steps:
collecting eggs of female finless eel parents and semen of male finless eels for artificial fertilization, and incubating and culturing the obtained fertilized eggs.
3. The breeding method according to claim 2, wherein the ovum of the female finless eel parent is obtained by artificial egg extrusion after injection of an oxytocic; the ova are fertilized separately.
4. The breeding method according to claim 2, wherein the hatching container is a square plastic basket, and the flow rate of water flow in the square plastic basket ensures that the water-driven eggs are immobile.
5. The breeding method according to claim 2, wherein the incubation temperature is 19.5-20.5 ℃, and antibiotics are added during the incubation.
6. The breeding method according to claim 2, wherein the standardized breeding of the family is performed after the finless eel body length is 3-4 cm.
7. The breeding method according to claim 1, wherein the standardized breeding of the finless eel family comprises: and (3) placing the established young eel of one family in a net cage for feeding and cultivating.
8. The breeding method according to claim 7, wherein the mesh specification of the net cage is 10-36 meshes, and the net cage is 1.5-2.5 meters long and 1-2 meters wide.
9. The breeding method according to claim 1, wherein the screening of the finless eel rapid growth pedigree comprises:
selecting finless eel families to grow to 10 days old, 90 days old and 260 days old, and randomly sampling 30 finless eel families for body length and body mass measurement.
10. The breeding method according to claim 9, wherein the finless eel rapid growth family can be obtained by screening by evaluating the growth performance of different families through the daily growth rate, the daily weight gain rate, the relative growth rate and the relative weight gain rate.
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