CN112997929A - Device and method for large-scale determination of individual feed conversion rate of turbot - Google Patents
Device and method for large-scale determination of individual feed conversion rate of turbot Download PDFInfo
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- 241000157468 Reinhardtius hippoglossoides Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 58
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 45
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 27
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 230000037406 food intake Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000004677 Nylon Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 229920001778 nylon Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 235000012631 food intake Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 230000004584 weight gain Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 235000019786 weight gain Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 241000269981 Bothidae Species 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 235000013305 food Nutrition 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000003760 hair shine Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 241000251468 Actinopterygii Species 0.000 abstract description 26
- 238000009395 breeding Methods 0.000 abstract description 6
- 230000001488 breeding effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 6
- 244000144974 aquaculture Species 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000002068 genetic effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 235000021050 feed intake Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000009394 selective breeding Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000009360 aquaculture Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000005056 compaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000012258 culturing Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000008188 pellet Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000002354 daily effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000004512 granular bait Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000000366 juvenile effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000006870 function Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 241001465754 Metazoa Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000015334 Phyllostachys viridis Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000021120 animal protein Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000000149 argon plasma sintering Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011425 bamboo Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000019553 satiation Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000007619 statistical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004659 sterilization and disinfection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 1
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K63/00—Receptacles for live fish, e.g. aquaria; Terraria
- A01K63/003—Aquaria; Terraria
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
- A01K61/10—Culture of aquatic animals of fish
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
- A01K61/60—Floating cultivation devices, e.g. rafts or floating fish-farms
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K63/00—Receptacles for live fish, e.g. aquaria; Terraria
- A01K63/003—Aquaria; Terraria
- A01K63/006—Accessories for aquaria or terraria
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
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- Animal Husbandry (AREA)
- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
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- Farming Of Fish And Shellfish (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to a device and a method for large-scale determination of the individual feed conversion rate of turbots, belonging to the field of aquaculture, wherein the method comprises the following steps: (1) the cylindrical nylon net cage is manufactured, and the bottom of the cylindrical nylon net cage is supported by a circular PVC plate. (2) Fixing the net cage in a rectangular culture pond, and independently culturing the turbot. (3) Granulated feed was fed and daily feed intake pellets per fish were recorded. (4) According to the formula: and (4) obtaining the individual feed conversion rate of each turbot in the test period, wherein the individual feed conversion rate is the individual weight gain/the actual total food intake of the individual. The method can solve the problem that the character breeding development is slow due to the fact that the phenotype of the individual feed conversion rate of the turbot cannot be obtained in the prior art, and is a foundation for subsequent genetic evaluation and selective breeding compaction of the character.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of aquatic animal economic character breeding, and particularly relates to a device and a method for large-scale determination of turbot individual feed conversion rate. Device and method for large-scale determination of individual feed conversion rate of turbot
Background
Fish is one of important animal protein sources of human beings, and in recent years, the yield of aquaculture in China is continuously increased, thereby making an important contribution to the national food safety guarantee. The grain inlet and outlet are blocked, and the grain safety problem is more obvious. With the continuous improvement of the living standard of people, people hope to cultivate fish species with the excellent characteristics of fast growth, strong stress resistance, high feed conversion rate and the like, and the aims of increasing the yield of the fish and improving the benefit are fulfilled. In most aquaculture species, feed accounts for approximately 70% of the total production cost, and thus the magnitude of feed conversion ratio is extremely important for the development of aquaculture species and industry. However, because the feed intake is unbalanced, the feed intake of each individual is difficult to measure in aquaculture species, the measurement of the feed conversion rate traits is difficult, and the selection of individuals with good performance cannot be performed in the breeding process, so that the genetic evaluation and breeding of the important economic traits are limited, and few reports are reported in fish at present.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problem of providing a device and a method for large-scale determination of the individual feed conversion rate of turbots, and solving the problems of limiting the genetic evaluation and breeding of important economic characters of turbots due to difficulty in obtaining the phenotype of the feed conversion rate of turbots.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
a device for large-scale determination of individual feed conversion rate of turbot comprises a rectangular culture pond, two rods and small net cages, wherein the two rods are fixed on the edge of the culture pond in parallel, a series of small net cages are fixed on the two rods in parallel, the diameter of each small net cage is more than 4 times of the total length of the turbot, the height of each small net cage is more than 60cm, a nylon knotless net is arranged, the aperture of each small net cage is more than 6mm, and the bottom of each small net cage is supported by a circular PVC plate; the water depth in the culture pond reaches more than two thirds of the height of the small net cage;
furthermore, the bottom of the small net cage is higher than the bottom of the culture pond by more than 5cm, and a space for water to flow is reserved between the small net cage and the culture pond.
Furthermore, the small net cages are arranged in a straight line along the edge of the culture pond.
The invention also provides a method for measuring the individual feed conversion rate of the turbot by using the device, which comprises the following steps:
1) 1 turbot is placed into each small net cage and numbered, and the weight data of the turbot is measured and recorded before the turbot is placed into each small net cage;
2) feeding granulated feed, wherein the particle size is determined according to the size of the turbot, the light luring and the satiation feeding are carried out, the residual bait is cleared, and the daily feeding particle number of each fish is recorded;
3) taking the fish weight as a test period every 30 days, obtaining the weight of each fish when the test period expires, and subtracting the initial weight from the weight of each fish to obtain the weight gain in the period; feeding the total grain number multiplied by the average weight of each grain to obtain the total individual food intake in the testing period;
4) according to the formula: and (3) obtaining the individual feed conversion rate of each turbot in the testing period by the individual feed conversion rate of the individual weight gain/the actual total food intake of the individual, and realizing the determination of the individual feed conversion rate of the turbot in the testing period.
Further, the weight of the turbot in the step 1) is more than 15 g.
Further, before all the experimental fishes are sequentially placed into the net cages in the step 1), each net cage and the culture pond of the net cage are uniquely numbered and recorded.
Further, the specific operation of light food calling in the step 2) comprises: before feeding, the whole small net cage is irradiated back and forth for 4-5 times by using flashlight to scatter light; when the feed is fed independently, the granular feed is fed right in front of the head of the turbot as much as possible, and the flashlight shines on the granular feed; if the bait is far away from the head of the turbot or deviates from the direction, the spotlight can be used for gradually moving from the front of the head of the turbot to the bait, and the food calling process is finished.
Further, in the step 3), continuous testing periods are set, so that the feed conversion rate of a plurality of testing periods and the overall feed conversion rate of a plurality of testing periods are obtained, and feeding is stopped for 1 day before a new testing period is started.
Further, repeating the steps 1) -4) to realize the determination of the turbot feed conversion rate in multiple families, multiple batches and multiple test periods. Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that: the invention provides a method for measuring the individual feed conversion rate of fishes for the first time, which is characterized in that turbot individuals are independently and fed in pieces, and the technical problem of feeding of the turbot in independent culture is solved; the problem that individual phenotype is difficult to obtain in the selective breeding process is solved; the method is simple to operate and can be developed in a large scale in breeding enterprises; the method can accurately and completely acquire individual food intake data of the turbot with multiple families, batches and test periods, further obtain phenotype data of the individual feed conversion rate character of the turbot, and provide a foundation for subsequent genetic evaluation and selective breeding compaction of the character.
Drawings
Figure 1 results of feed conversion ratio measurements at various stages.
Figure 2List function analyses feed conversion at various stages.
Detailed Description
The technical solution of the present invention is further explained by the following embodiments with reference to the attached drawings, but the scope of the present invention is not limited in any way by the embodiments.
Example 1
A device for large-scale determination of individual feed conversion rate of turbot comprises a rectangular culture pond, two rods and small net cages, wherein the two rods are fixed on the edge of the culture pond in parallel, a series of small net cages are fixed on the two rods in parallel, the diameter of each small net cage is more than 4 times of the total length of the turbot, the height of each small net cage is more than 60cm, a nylon knotless net is arranged, the aperture of each small net cage is more than 6mm, and the bottom of each small net cage is supported by a circular PVC plate; the water depth in the culture pond reaches more than two thirds of the height of the small net cage; the bottom of the small net cage is higher than the bottom of the culture pond, and a flowing space can be formed between the small net cage and the culture pond.
The specific preparation method comprises the following steps:
(1) 300 cylindrical net cages (diameter 40cm multiplied by 60cm high) are manufactured, nylon knotless net is manufactured, the aperture is 6mm, and the bottom is supported by a round PVC plate (thickness 4 mm). The cylindrical net cage aims at reducing the collision of the turbot on the net body, and plays a role in protecting the fish body; the nylon knotless net has the advantages that the nylon knotless net has the characteristics of no deformation and easy folding, can ensure the volume of a cylindrical net after entering water to the maximum extent, and has the advantages of convenient storage, easy disinfection and easy recycling; the PVC board is selected because the PVC hard bottom can ensure the normal living state of the turbot according to the habit of the demersal life of the turbot; the selection of the diameter of the net cage is made according to the growth rule of the juvenile turbot and the proper activity space, so that the sufficient space can be ensured after the juvenile turbot grows for two months; the selection of the nylon mesh aperture is based on the size of the turbot fish mouth, and aims to ensure that the fish mouth is not clamped and simultaneously keep higher water permeation efficiency.
(2) The experimental group selected 10 rectangular culture ponds (7 m long × 2m wide × 1m high), each culture pond placed 30 small net cages, and the small net cages were fixed in the culture ponds by bamboo poles, so that the water depth reached more than two-thirds of the height of the net cages. The advantages of the linear arrangement of the sides of the culture pond include convenient feeding and cleaning of the net cage and easy maintenance of water quality; the rectangular culture pond is selected to effectively utilize the area of the culture pond. The bottom of the small net cage is 10cm higher than the bottom of the culture pond, so that the water body can flow conveniently.
In addition, 1 identical rectangular culture pond (7 m in length. times.2 m in width. times.1 m in height) was selected as a control group, and 200 fish larvae (20. + -. 4g in weight, 11. + -.1 cm in body length) were placed therein.
(3) 1 turbot (with the weight of 20 +/-4 g and the body length of 11 +/-1 cm) is placed into each net cage of the experimental group, and each fish is accurately measured before being placed, and is respectively numbered from 1 to 300. Temporarily culturing the turbot in the culture pond for one week before putting the turbot into the net cage so as to fully adapt to the environment. The initial weight of the experimental fish is determined according to a pre-experiment, young fish with the weight exceeding 15g can better receive light for food calling, and the upper limit of the weight is determined according to the size of the net cage.
(4) The experimental group is fed with granulated feed with the grain diameter of 2mm, the fish is lured by light, and the daily ingestion grain number of each fish is recorded. Because the industrial turbot culture is suitable for group feeding, the method of light food calling solves the problem of not positive feeding caused by the independent culture of the juvenile turbot in a small-space net cage, and the specific operation comprises the following steps: before feeding, the small net cages arranged in the whole row are irradiated back and forth for 4-5 times by using the flashlight for light scattering, then when 1 fish is fed independently, the granular bait is fed right in front of the fish head as much as possible, the flashlight shines on the granular bait, and if the bait is far away from the fish head or deviates from the direction, the granular bait can be gradually moved to the bait from the front of the fish head by using light gathering, so that the food calling process can be finished. Feeding after full feeding, cleaning residual bait, feeding once a day and recording the daily ingestion grain number of each fish. The weight of each feed was found to be 0.0168525g, averaged over 3000 pellets. And (4) carrying out running water culture, and cleaning the bottom of the tank at the bottom of the net cage once every day. The control group is directly fed with granulated feed with the grain diameter of 2mm, and the feeding amount is consistent with the average feeding amount of the net cage.
(5) Every 30 days, two test periods are used as a test period. When the test period expires, acquiring the weight of each fish in the experimental group, and subtracting the initial weight from the weight of each fish to obtain the weight gain in the period; and (4) feeding the total grain number multiplied by the average weight of each grain to obtain the total food intake of the individual in the testing period. The control group can directly measure the whole weight of all the fishes, the weight gain in the period is obtained by subtracting the initial whole weight, and the feeding amount is measured by the same experimental group. Feeding was stopped for 1 day before the start of a new test period.
(6) According to the formula: and (3) obtaining the individual feed conversion rate of each turbot in the testing period by the individual Feed Conversion Rate (FCR) which is the individual weight gain/the actual total food intake of the individual, and realizing the determination of the individual feed conversion rate of the turbot in the testing period.
(7) Statistical analysis of feed conversion rates for each test period was performed according to the protocol provided in (6) after the experiment was completed, wherein the experimental groups yielded 3 sets of feed conversion rate results (as shown in fig. 1), namely, first stage FCR, second stage FCR and whole period FCR. Wherein the first phase FCR is between 0.03 and 2.81, the second phase FCR is between 0.42 and 2.11, and the total period FCR is between 0.35 and 1.92. The R language List function is used for analyzing the obtained feed conversion rate data at each stage, the analysis result is shown in figure 2, the data at the three stages are in accordance with normal distribution, the subsequent GWAS analysis is very favorable, and the accuracy of the feed conversion rate measuring method is reflected from the side face. The experimental group generates 3 feed conversion rate results which are FCR (1.225) in the first stage, FCR (1.312) in the second stage and FCR (1.285) in the whole period respectively, compared with the experimental group, the feed conversion rate of the control group is in a 90% area of normal distribution of the control group, and the average value of the individual feed conversion rate of the experimental group is not greatly different, so that the method for measuring the individual feed conversion rate of the turbot in a large scale can truly reflect the feed conversion rate of the turbot.
Claims (9)
1. A device for large-scale determination of individual feed conversion rate of turbot is characterized by comprising a rectangular culture pond, two rods and a small net cage, wherein the two rods are fixed on the edge of the culture pond in parallel, a series of small net cages are fixed on the two rods in parallel, the diameter of the small net cage is more than 4 times of the total length of the turbot, the height of the small net cage is more than 60cm, a nylon knotless net is arranged, the aperture of the small net cage is more than 6mm, and the bottom of the small net cage is supported by a circular PVC plate; the water depth in the culture pond reaches more than two thirds of the height of the small net cage.
2. The device as claimed in claim 1, wherein the bottom of the small net cage is higher than the bottom of the culture pond by more than 5 cm.
3. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein said small net cages are arranged in a straight line along the sides of the culture pond.
4. A method for determining the feed conversion ratio of an individual turbot by using the device according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the method is carried out by the following steps:
1) 1 turbot is placed into each small net cage and numbered, and the weight data of the turbot is measured and recorded before the turbot is placed into each small net cage;
2) feeding granulated feed, wherein the grain size is determined according to the size of the turbot, attracting food by light, feeding after full feeding, cleaning residual bait, and recording the daily feeding grain number of each turbot;
3) taking every 30 days as a test period, obtaining the weight of each turbot when the test period expires, and subtracting the initial weight from the weight of each turbot to obtain the weight gain in the period; feeding the total grain number multiplied by the average weight of each grain to obtain the total individual food intake in the testing period;
4) according to the formula: and (4) obtaining the individual feed conversion rate of each turbot in the test period, wherein the individual feed conversion rate is the individual weight gain/the actual total food intake of the individual.
5. The method according to claim 4, wherein the weight of the turbot of step 1) is 15g or more.
6. The method according to claim 4, wherein before all the experimental turbots are sequentially placed into the net cages in the step 1), each net cage and the culture pond in which the net cage is located are uniquely numbered and recorded.
7. The method according to claim 4, wherein the step 2) comprises the specific operations of light attraction: before feeding, the whole small net cage is irradiated back and forth for 4-5 times by using flashlight to scatter light; when the feed is fed independently, the granular feed is fed right in front of the head of the turbot as much as possible, and the flashlight shines on the granular feed; if the bait is far away from the head of the turbot or deviates from the direction, the light is focused to gradually move to the bait from the front of the head of the turbot, and the food calling process is finished.
8. The method according to claim 4, wherein in step 3) successive test cycles are set so that a plurality of test cycles of feed conversion ratio and a plurality of test cycles of overall feed conversion ratio are obtained, and feeding is stopped for 1 day before a new test cycle is started.
9. The method according to claim 4, wherein the steps 1) -4) are repeated to realize the determination of the feed conversion rate of the turbot in multiple families, multiple batches and multiple test periods.
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| CN115176735A (en) * | 2022-08-25 | 2022-10-14 | 中国水产科学研究院淡水渔业研究中心 | Method for measuring remaining feed intake of carps |
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