CN114982200A - 用于对用于消费者电力电路的电力进行集成和控制的方法和系统 - Google Patents

用于对用于消费者电力电路的电力进行集成和控制的方法和系统 Download PDF

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CN114982200A
CN114982200A CN202080093278.1A CN202080093278A CN114982200A CN 114982200 A CN114982200 A CN 114982200A CN 202080093278 A CN202080093278 A CN 202080093278A CN 114982200 A CN114982200 A CN 114982200A
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power
pulsed
phase
distribution system
renewable energy
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乔尔·理查德·格尔根
钱德·M·琼斯
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Cisco Technology Inc
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02JCIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
    • H02J3/38Arrangements for parallely feeding a single network by two or more generators, converters or transformers
    • H02J3/381Dispersed generators
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02JCIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J1/00Circuit arrangements for dc mains or dc distribution networks
    • H02J1/002Intermediate AC, e.g. DC supply with intermediated AC distribution
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02JCIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J13/00Circuit arrangements for providing remote indication of network conditions, e.g. an instantaneous record of the open or closed condition of each circuitbreaker in the network; Circuit arrangements for providing remote control of switching means in a power distribution network, e.g. switching in and out of current consumers by using a pulse code signal carried by the network
    • H02J13/00002Circuit arrangements for providing remote indication of network conditions, e.g. an instantaneous record of the open or closed condition of each circuitbreaker in the network; Circuit arrangements for providing remote control of switching means in a power distribution network, e.g. switching in and out of current consumers by using a pulse code signal carried by the network characterised by monitoring
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02JCIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J13/00Circuit arrangements for providing remote indication of network conditions, e.g. an instantaneous record of the open or closed condition of each circuitbreaker in the network; Circuit arrangements for providing remote control of switching means in a power distribution network, e.g. switching in and out of current consumers by using a pulse code signal carried by the network
    • H02J13/00032Systems characterised by the controlled or operated power network elements or equipment, the power network elements or equipment not otherwise provided for
    • H02J13/00036Systems characterised by the controlled or operated power network elements or equipment, the power network elements or equipment not otherwise provided for the elements or equipment being or involving switches, relays or circuit breakers
    • H02J13/0004Systems characterised by the controlled or operated power network elements or equipment, the power network elements or equipment not otherwise provided for the elements or equipment being or involving switches, relays or circuit breakers involved in a protection system
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02JCIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
    • H02J3/02Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks using a single network for simultaneous distribution of power at different frequencies; using a single network for simultaneous distribution of ac power and of dc power
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02JCIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
    • H02J3/12Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks for adjusting voltage in ac networks by changing a characteristic of the network load
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02JCIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
    • H02J3/28Arrangements for balancing of the load in a network by storage of energy
    • H02J3/32Arrangements for balancing of the load in a network by storage of energy using batteries with converting means
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04LTRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L12/00Data switching networks
    • H04L12/02Details
    • H04L12/10Current supply arrangements
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04LTRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L12/00Data switching networks
    • H04L12/28Data switching networks characterised by path configuration, e.g. LAN [Local Area Networks] or WAN [Wide Area Networks]
    • H04L12/40Bus networks
    • H04L12/40006Architecture of a communication node
    • H04L12/40032Details regarding a bus interface enhancer
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02JCIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J2300/00Systems for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by decentralized, dispersed, or local generation
    • H02J2300/20The dispersed energy generation being of renewable origin
    • H02J2300/22The renewable source being solar energy
    • H02J2300/24The renewable source being solar energy of photovoltaic origin
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02JCIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J2300/00Systems for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by decentralized, dispersed, or local generation
    • H02J2300/20The dispersed energy generation being of renewable origin
    • H02J2300/28The renewable source being wind energy
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02JCIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J2310/00The network for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by its spatial reach or by the load
    • H02J2310/10The network having a local or delimited stationary reach
    • H02J2310/12The local stationary network supplying a household or a building
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02BCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B10/00Integration of renewable energy sources in buildings
    • Y02B10/30Wind power
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02BCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B90/00Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02B90/20Smart grids as enabling technology in buildings sector
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/50Photovoltaic [PV] energy
    • Y02E10/56Power conversion systems, e.g. maximum power point trackers
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y04INFORMATION OR COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES HAVING AN IMPACT ON OTHER TECHNOLOGY AREAS
    • Y04SSYSTEMS INTEGRATING TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO POWER NETWORK OPERATION, COMMUNICATION OR INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES FOR IMPROVING THE ELECTRICAL POWER GENERATION, TRANSMISSION, DISTRIBUTION, MANAGEMENT OR USAGE, i.e. SMART GRIDS
    • Y04S20/00Management or operation of end-user stationary applications or the last stages of power distribution; Controlling, monitoring or operating thereof
    • Y04S20/12Energy storage units, uninterruptible power supply [UPS] systems or standby or emergency generators, e.g. in the last power distribution stages

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Supply And Distribution Of Alternating Current (AREA)
  • Remote Monitoring And Control Of Power-Distribution Networks (AREA)

Abstract

在一个实施例中,电力分配系统包括:DC电力输入,用于从可再生能源接收DC电力;AC电力输入,用于接收AC电力;多相脉冲电力输出,用于传输多相脉冲电力;AC电力输出,用于发送所述AC电力;以及控制器,用于向多相脉冲电力输出和AC电力输出分配电力。

Description

用于对用于消费者电力电路的电力进行集成和控制的方法和 系统
技术领域
本公开总体涉及电力系统,更特别地,涉及对用于消费者电力电路的电力电路的集成和控制。
背景技术
存在不断增长的对住宅和企业中的常规电力系统进行更新的需求。常规AC电力的安全问题持续存在。加利福尼亚的新住宅很快将需要包含太阳能系统;然而,在住宅和建筑电路中有效实现可再生能量系统仍然存在重大挑战。对可再生能量和新的更安全的电力系统以及常规AC电力的集成和分配将带来许多挑战。
附图说明
图1是示出根据一个实施例的在消费者电力面板处集成可再生能量、AC电力和DC电力的框图。
图2是示出根据一个实施例的消费者电力系统的细节的框图。
图3是示出根据一个实施例的用于消费者电力系统的断路器面板的框图。
图4示出根据一个实施例的四相脉冲电力断路器。
图5是示出根据一个实施例的在电路之间具有优先级的电力分配的监视和控制的过程流程图。
图6A示出了根据一个实施例的用于两相脉冲电力系统的电压和电流的简化示例。
图6B示出了根据一个实施例的用于三相脉冲电力系统的电压和电流的简化示例。
图7是示出根据一个实施例的用于集成电源和控制电力分配的概述过程的流程图。
对应的附图标记在附图的多个图中指示对应的部分。
具体实施方式
概述
本发明的各方面在独立权利要求中阐述并且优选特征在从属权利要求中阐述。一个方面的特征可以单独或与其他方面结合地应用于任何方面。
在一个实施例中,一种电力分配系统总体包括:DC电力输入,用于从可再生能源接收DC电力;AC电力输入,用于接收AC电力;多相脉冲电力输出,用于发送多相脉冲电力;AC电力输出,用于发送所述AC电力;以及控制器,用于向所述多相脉冲电力输出和所述AC电力输出分配电力。
在一个或多个实施例中,所述多相脉冲电力和所述AC电力被输送到建筑物中的电源电路以用于对终端设备供电,并且数据与所述多相脉冲电力一起被输送到所述终端设备中的一个或多个终端设备。
在一个或多个实施例中,所述多相脉冲电力被输送到能够操作用于输送所述多相脉冲电力或PoE(以太网电力)的插座。
在一个或多个实施例中,所述系统还包括:以太网电力控制器,所述以太网电力控制器与DC总线通信,所述DC总线从所述可再生能源以及从所述AC电力输入处的AC到DC转换器接收DC电力。
在一个或多个实施例中,所述系统还包括:能够操作用于基于终端设备的负载需求来分配输出到所述多相脉冲电力输出的所述DC电力的控制器。
在一个或多个实施例中,所述系统还包括:能够操作用于监视电力使用情况并在电力负载超过可用电力时关闭一个或多个低优先级的电力电路的控制器。
在一个或多个实施例中,所述控制器能够操作用于在所述电力负载超过来自所述可再生能源的可用电力时,关闭低优先级的电力电路。
在一个或多个实施例中,所述DC电力在380VDC总线处被集成。
在一个或多个实施例中,所述多相脉冲电力包括电压大于56伏DC的三相脉冲电力。
在一个或多个实施例中,所述可再生能源包括太阳能面板、风力涡轮机和可充电电池中的至少一个。
在另一实施例中,一种装置总体包括:AC断路器;可再生能量断路器;多相脉冲电力断路器;以及开关,所述开关耦合到所述多相脉冲电力断路器,并且能够操作用于提供断路器控制。
在另一实施例中,一种方法总体包括:接收AC电力;从可再生能源接收DC电力;在电力分配系统处集成所述AC电力和所述DC电力;监视可用电力和电力负载;发送所述AC电力;以及发送多相脉冲电力,所述多相脉冲电力包括多个相的脉冲电力,其中,所述脉冲电力包括多个DC电压脉冲,在各相之间各DC电压脉冲偏移以提供连续电力。
在另一实施例中,一种装置总体包括:用于从可再生能源接收DC电力的输入;用于发送多相脉冲电力和PoE的输出;以及控制器,用于监视可用电力,识别一个或多个低优先级的电力电路,并在电力负载超过所述可用电力时禁用低优先级的电力电路。
可以通过参考说明书的其余部分和附图来实现对本文描述的实施例的特征和优点的进一步理解。
示例实施例
呈现以下描述以使本领域普通技术人员能够实现和使用实施例。具体实施例和应用的描述仅作为示例提供,并且各种修改对于本领域技术人员来说将是显而易见的。在不脱离实施例的范围的情况下,本文描述的总体原理可以应用于其他应用。因此,实施例不限于所示的那些,而是将符合与本文描述的原理和特征一致的最宽范围。为了清楚起见,没有详细描述与实施例相关的技术领域中已知的技术材料相关的细节。
常规的消费者电力传输已由AC(交流)电力传输主导。然而,能量生产和消费的要求以及环境保护问题正在导致消费者电力的电力供应和控制的变化。例如,越来越多的消费者在本地添加可再生能源来产生电力。加州将很快要求新住宅安装太阳能系统,其他州也可能很快跟进。太阳能系统以最大输出容量直接向电网供电。当电网处于“关闭”状态时,来自太阳能系统的电力会丢失。在某些情况下,可能存在备用电池,并且太阳能可用于向电池充电,然而,这种类型的系统通常效率较低且很少部署。
住宅使用的大多数风能、太阳能和电池系统包括基于380VDC(伏直流)的系统。家庭中的大多数电气设备可以很小或毫不费力地且效率几乎不变地以240VAC(伏交流)或380VDC运行。可再生能源技术具有减少转换损耗的潜力,因为它们产生DC输出,如果它们可以直接连接到合适的终端负载,则直接抵消从逆变到AC而导致的损耗。然而,在住宅和建筑电力电路中实体实现可再生能量方案仍然存在重大挑战。对可再生能量系统的持续关注推动了对以下管理主电路面板的需求:该管理主电路面板具有集成的有线数据和电力分配,以使得优先的电路可以在24小时的时段内在风能、太阳能和电池电力降低或增大的情况下连续运行,而不会因为供电不足而关闭系统。
除了对集成可再生能源的需求之外,常规的AC电力系统还持续引起安全问题。尽管这些年来已经取得了一些改进使AC电力的输送更安全,但住宅中的常规AC电力仍然存在安全问题。
本文描述的实施例提供了一种消费者电力系统,该消费者电力系统将可再生能源和安全的更高电力的DC系统与常规AC电力以及电力监视和数据控制进行了集成,而提供了一种更安全且可与可再生能量输入源互操作的系统。在一个或多个实施例中,电源与电力分配一起集成在主电力面板上,以使得如果电力需求超过可用电力,则可以将电力提供给优先的电路。电源可以包括例如可再生能量电源(例如,太阳能面板、风力涡轮机、可充电电池)和来自公用电网的AC电力。电力系统可以分配交流电力、PoE(以太网电力)和ESP(扩展安全电力)。PoE和ESP可用于通过以太网电缆提供电力和数据。电力可以被承载在承载数据的同一导体上,或者电力可以被承载在同一电缆或单独电缆内的专用导体上。PoE通常限于低功率应用(例如,≤100瓦(W)),而ESP提供更高的电力并具有内置安全性。
如本文所使用的,术语“扩展安全电力”(“ESP”)是指高功率(例如,>100瓦(W))、高电压(例如,≥56伏(V))操作,脉冲电力在电缆(例如,以太网电缆)中的一个或多个线或线对上输送。在一个或多个实施例中,ESP包括故障检测(例如,在初始化时和高压脉冲之间的故障检测)和脉冲同步。电力从供电设备(PSE)(例如,消费者场所(例如,住宅、商业或其他建筑物)的主电力面板处的电源)输送到受电设备(PD)(终端设备、电气设备(例如,计算机、笔记本电脑、平板电脑、电话、安全系统、相机、消费者设备、便携式电子产品、灯、照明系统等)),电力分布在建筑物内的消费者电力电路上。电力可以与通信(例如,双向通信)一起或不与通信一起传输。
如本文所使用的,术语“脉冲电力”(或“脉动电力”)是指以脉冲序列(交替的低直流电压状态和高直流电压状态)输送的电力,其中,电压在脉冲关闭间隔期间的非常小电压(例如,接近0V、3VDC)和在脉冲开启期间的较大电压(例如,≥12VDC、≥24VDC)之间变化。高压脉冲电力(例如,≥56VDC、≥60VDC、≥300VDC、~108VDC、~380VDC)可以从供电设备传输到受电设备以用于为受电设备供电,例如,如在2019年11月1日提交的第16/671,508号美国专利申请(“Initialization and Synchronization for Pulse Power in a NetworkSystem”)中描述的,其通过引用整体并入本文。例如,脉冲电力传输可以通过电缆、传输线、母线和电力分配系统进行。
在一个或多个实施例中,ESP可以包括在多相脉冲电力系统中以多相传输的脉冲电力,其中,在各线或线对之间各脉冲彼此偏移以提供连续电力,如下面关于图6A和6B描述的。一个或多个实施例可以使用多相脉冲电力来实现更少的损失,其中,以重叠相位脉冲向受电设备提供连续不间断电力,如2019年4月10日提交的第16/380,954号美国专利申请(“Multiple Phase Pulse Power in a Network Communications System”)中描述的,其通过引用整体并入本文。
现在参考附图,首先参考图1,示出的是根据一个实施例的示出在消费者电力电路中的主电力面板处集成的可再生能量的示意图。本文所述的消费者电力系统可以在任何类型的建筑物10(例如,住宅、商业、工业、旅馆、公寓、学校等)中实现。在图1中所示的简化示例中,建筑物10配置有可再生能源,可再生能源包括太阳能面板11、风力涡轮机12和可充电电池15。太阳能11和风能系统12通过接口(例如,可再生能源电力控制器)13耦合到电力电路。电力分配系统(电力逆变器/转换器)14接收来自电力接口13的输入,并且还耦合到可充电电池(或其他能量存储设备)15。如下文详述的,电力逆变器/转换器14还从公用电网接收AC电力。电力分配系统14向主电力面板16提供AC电力和多相脉冲电力,主电力面板16包括AC电力断路器17和脉冲电力断路器18。如下文所述的,断路器可以是实体断开或电子控制的。电力控制器19使用集成到电力分配系统中的有线数据来监视和控制电力分配。主电力面板16可以位于建筑物内的任何合适的位置(例如,车库、地下室、靠近电力输入的外墙附近)。主电力面板16在整个建筑物上将电力分配到任意数量的插座或端点设备(负载)(未显示),该端点设备(例如,照明、计算机设备、娱乐设备、HVAC(加热、通风和空调)设备、家用和厨房器具、电动车辆充电器或任何其他需要电力来运行的设备)消耗电力。
应当理解,图1中所示的消费者电力系统仅是示例,并且在不脱离实施例的范围的情况下,该系统可以包括额外的组件、更少的组件或不同的组件。例如,建筑物10可以仅配置有所示出的可再生能源之一。
图2示出了根据一个实施例的图1中所示的消费者电力系统的细节。图2中所示的电力系统20包括可再生能源,可再生能源包括太阳能面板21、风能系统22和电池系统25。在一个或多个实施例中,电力分配系统24包括一个或多个DC电力输入24a、AC电力输入24b、多相脉冲电力输出24c、AC电力输出24d、以及控制器32,一个或多个DC电力输入24a用于从一个或多个可再生能源(例如,太阳能面板21、风能系统22、电池系统25)接收DC电力,AC电力输入24b用于接收AC电力,多相脉冲电力输出24c用于发送多相脉冲电力(或多相脉冲电力和PoE),AC电力输出24d用于发送AC电力,控制器32用于向多相脉冲电力输出和AC电力输出分配电力。
如图2的示例中所示,该系统包括DC电力模块(总线)28、多相脉冲电力系统(DC脉冲电力相位模块)29、以及AC电力模块30(DC到AC转换器)(图2),DC电力模块(总线)28用于接收来自可再生能源(太阳能面板21、风能系统22、可充电电池系统25)和AC电源的输入(例如,在AC电力模块31(AC到DC转换器)处的公用电网电力输入),多相脉冲电力系统(DC脉冲电力相位模块)29用于从DC总线28接收DC电力并输送多相DC脉冲电力。接收的AC电力在模块31处被转换为DC电力,与来自可再生能源21、22、25的DC电力集成,并且被分配用于作为多相脉冲电力进行发送。在24b处从电网接收的AC电力也可以不经转换而直接被发送到AC电力输出24d(例如,直接从电力模块31到电力模块30),以用于输送AC电力以为建筑物中的AC终端设备供电或将电力提供回电网。如前文所述的,多相DC脉冲电力和AC电力被输送到电力电路,以用于为建筑物中的终端设备(电气设备)供电。
太阳能面板21和风能系统22耦合到DC控制器23,电池耦合到DC控制器/充电器26。电池系统25可以从电力分配系统24接收DC电力以对电池充电,并且根据需要将DC电力发送到电力分配系统。太阳能面板21、风能系统22和电池系统25通过实体断开器(断路器)27耦合到电力分配系统24,并且还可以配置为发送或接收数据(在DC控制器23、26处),包括数据驱动禁止信号(电气断开)。
在图2中所示的示例中,总线28包括380VDC总线,逆变器30被配置为将380VDC转换为240VAC,转换器31被配置为将240VAC转换为380VDC,脉冲电力以380VDC的高电压脉冲进行输送。AC电力模块30、31配置有电路A和B、以及中性线(N)和地线(G)。应当理解,图2中所示的电路和电压是作为示例提供的,可以使用其他电压,而不脱离实施例的范围。
电力控制器32可以包括耦合到总线28、脉冲电力相位模块29和逆变器30的以太网电力控制器,以用于监视和控制电力输送。例如,电力控制器32可以控制系统以基于终端设备的总电流或预期使用负载电平来动态集成或转换可用电力。如下文所述的,优先级和控制算法可用于在来自可再生能源21、22、25的低电力输入时间期间关闭较低优先级的电路。
建筑物可以包括例如常规AC插座以及DC插座,AC插座以及DC插座可以被配置为向终端设备提供可变或合适的电压电平。例如,建筑物可以包括任意数量的插座33(例如,RJ45、或用于输送电力并发送或接收数据的其他以太网连接器或插口),插座33配置有智能检测以基于插入到插座中的终端设备的电力要求或能力而在PoE(例如,90W)和ESP(例如,>100W)之间切换。
如前文所述的,可再生能量系统与PoE、脉冲电力和电力控制一起被集成到消费者电力主断路器中。根据特定的电路要求,断路器可以被配置为连接到脉冲电力或PoE。在一个或多个实施例中,断路器系统包括AC断路器34、可再生能量断路器35、多相脉冲电力断路器36以及耦合到多相脉冲电力断路器并且可操作为提供断路器控制的开关41(图3)。
图3的示例中所示的系统包括四个断路器:240VDC HVAC断路器34、可再生能量断路器35、多相脉冲电力断路器36和AC/多相脉冲电力断路器37。AC电网电力断路器38耦合到AC电路A和B,并且脉冲电力断路器39耦合到相P1、P2和P3(例如,图3中的母线A、P1、P2、P3、B处)。智能电力控制40向PoE开关41提供输入,PoE开关41向脉冲电力断路器36和37提供电气断路器控制。可以针对断路器34、35和37提供手动输入(实体断开器),而多相脉冲电力断路器36可以仅具有电气控制断开器。
应当理解,图3中所示的断路器系统仅是示例,在不脱离实施例的范围的情况下可以添加或修改组件、电路或断路器。例如,图3中示出了三相脉冲电力,但可以使用任意数量的相。在一个示例中,可以使用四相脉冲电力(例如,在四对5/6类电缆上),将P4总线添加到系统。在另一示例中,12.0VAC断路器可以与三相脉冲电力一起使用。
图4示出了根据一个实施例的具有电力监视和控制的四相脉冲电力断路器的示例。在图4中所示的示例中,电力控制器40向与四个相通信的PoE开关41提供输入。针对AC电路A和B(电流iA、iB)提供了手动断路器,AC电路A和B(电流iA、iB)具有到四个相(P1、P2、P3、P4(电流i1、i2、i3、i4))的母线连接。数据遥测利用在PoE开关41处输入到电力控制器40的电流和相应电压来提供电力监视和控制。用于四个相的电力控制断路器可以使用电拉力(electrical pull),并且可以具有例如FET(场效应晶体管)控制以及脉冲电力和PoE之间的开关。
图5示出了根据一个实施例的电力监视和控制的示例。电力监视和控制50(例如,来自图3和图4中的电力控制器40和开关41)确定可用的PoE 52、脉冲电力53和AC电网电力54。如果有充足的电力可用,则在55a、55b、55c处输送电力。如果没有充足的电力可用(电力<所需电力),则在56a、56b或56c处的优先级列表中执行查找。基于优先级列表确定电路之间的优先级(步骤57),并且根据需要在58a、58b或58c处断开一个或多个较低优先级的电路。例如,可以通过关闭已被分配为低优先级的系统(例如,HVAC)来平衡峰值能量需求,来防止针对峰值使用内置额外容量的需要。
在一个或多个实施例中,可以实施优先级和控制算法,使得随着可再生能源减少(例如,在24小时时段内),可以应用适当的优先级来将选择的电路保持为活跃状态,同时禁用其他电路。例如,保持冰箱和安全相机的电力可能是很重要的,而厨房照明和吊扇的电力可以被关闭。例如,在太阳能或风能下降趋势期间,一定比例的电力可以被禁用并重新分配到其他地方,从而显著延长电池寿命。
如前所述,电力分配系统输送的电力可以包括高压脉冲电力或高压多相脉冲电力(高压DC电力)。多相脉冲电力包括多个相的脉冲电力,该脉冲电力包括多个DC电压脉冲,在各相之间各DC电压脉冲偏移,以提供连续电力。图6A和图6B分别示意性地示出了两相脉冲电力系统和三相脉冲电力系统中的电压和电流的简化示例。
首先参考图6A,A相的电压在62a处示出,B相的电压在62b处示出。连续相电流在64处示出。每个相的脉冲电力包括多个电压脉冲,这些电压脉冲限定了交替的高压状态和低压状态。如图6A中所示,电压在脉冲开启时间(例如,电压>24VDC、电压≥60VDC、电压≥380)和脉冲关闭时间(例如,电压<12V、≤24V)之间切换。在脉冲开启时间期间,输送高压电力,在高压电力被关闭时的脉冲关闭时间期间,可以在每个相上施加低压,以用于低压感测以检查电线完整性、测试电缆中的电容、或任何其他测试或故障检测。在各相之间各电压脉冲偏移,以提供连续电力。
在图6B的三相系统中,A相的电压在65a处示出,B相的电压在65b处示出,C相的电压在65c处示出。连续相电流在66处示出。
应当理解,图6A和图6B中所示的电压、电流和占空比示出了具有理想化波形的简化示例。在一个或多个实施例中,关闭时间期间的电压大于零以用于故障检测,如前所述。例如,脉冲关闭时间期间的电压可以包括用于在脉冲关闭时间期间提供故障感测的低电压。故障感测可以包括例如利用电缆或受电设备的低压感测的线对线故障检测、以及利用中点接地的线对地故障检测。这些电力安全功能提供了设备的安全的系统操作以及安装和拆卸(断开)。
在一个或多个实施例中,脉冲开启时间大于脉冲关闭时间。例如,高压可以被脉冲开启4ms并关闭1ms。在另一示例中,高压可以被脉冲开启8ms并关闭4ms。此外,在各相之间,电压脉冲开启时间可以重叠,因此任何时间均至少有一根导线导通,如图6B中所示。在多相系统中的相重叠期间,总电缆电流在所有导通的导线之间共享。当在受电设备处组合各相时,结果是如相电流64和66所示的连续DC电压。如上文引用的第16/380,954号美国专利申请中所述,多相系统可以包括任意数量的相,具有任意的相位偏移或重叠、或占空比。
图7是示出根据一个实施例的用于在建筑电力电路中集成电源和控制电力分配的概述过程的流程图。在步骤70,从公用电网接收AC电力。还从可再生能源(例如,太阳能面板、风能系统、可充电电池)接收电力(步骤71)。集成接收的电力(步骤72)。例如,如前文所述的,可以将AC电力转换为DC电力并在DC总线处输入。监视可用电力并分配电力(步骤73)。例如,如果没有充足的电力来满足所有电力需求,则可以通过关闭一个或多个低优先级的电路来控制电力分配。电力分配可以包括例如向电力电路发送AC电力(步骤74)以及发送多相DC脉冲电力(步骤75)。如上文关于图6A和图6B所述,可以对高压脉冲之间的多相脉冲电力执行故障检测。
应当理解,图7中所示和上文描述的过程仅是示例,可以在不脱离实施例的范围的情况下添加、修改或组合步骤。
总之,在一个实施例中,电力分配系统包括:DC电力输入,用于从可再生能源接收DC电力;AC电力输入,用于接收AC电力;多相脉冲电力输出,用于发送多相脉冲电力;AC电力输出,用于发送AC电力;以及控制器,用于向多相脉冲电力输出和AC电力输出分配电力。
尽管已经根据所示出的实施例描述了装置和方法,但是本领域的普通技术人员将容易地认识到,可以在不脱离实施例的范围的情况下对实施例进行改变。因此,旨在将上述描述中包含的和附图中所示出的所有内容解释为说明性的而不是限制性的。

Claims (27)

1.一种电力分配系统,包括:
直流(DC)电力输入,用于从可再生能源接收DC电力;
交流(AC)电力输入,用于接收AC电力;
多相脉冲电力输出,用于发送多相脉冲电力;
AC电力输出,用于发送所述AC电力;以及
控制器,用于向所述多相脉冲电力输出和所述AC电力输出分配电力。
2.根据权利要求1所述的电力分配系统,其中,所述多相脉冲电力和所述AC电力被输送到建筑物中的电源电路以用于对终端设备供电,其中,数据与所述多相脉冲电力一起被输送到所述终端设备中的一个或多个终端设备。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的电力分配系统,其中,所述多相脉冲电力被输送到能够操作用于输送所述多相脉冲电力或PoE(以太网电力)的插座。
4.根据权利要求1至3中任一项所述的电力分配系统,还包括:以太网电力控制器,所述以太网电力控制器与DC总线通信,所述DC总线从所述可再生能源以及从所述AC电力输入处的AC到DC转换器接收DC电力。
5.根据权利要求1至4中任一项所述的电力分配系统,还包括:能够操作用于基于终端设备的负载需求来分配输出到所述多相脉冲电力输出的所述DC电力的控制器。
6.根据权利要求1至5中任一项所述的电力分配系统,还包括:能够操作用于监视电力使用情况并在电力负载超过可用电力时关闭一个或多个低优先级的电力电路的控制器。
7.根据权利要求6所述的电力分配系统,其中,所述控制器能够操作用于在所述电力负载超过来自所述可再生能源的可用电力时,关闭所述一个或多个低优先级的电力电路。
8.根据权利要求1至7中任一项所述的电力分配系统,其中,所述DC电力在380VDC总线处被集成。
9.根据权利要求1至8中任一项所述的电力分配系统,其中,所述多相脉冲电力包括电压大于56伏DC的三相脉冲电力。
10.根据权利要求1至9中任一项所述的电力分配系统,其中,所述可再生能源包括太阳能面板、风力涡轮机和可充电电池中的至少一个。
11.一种装置,包括:
交流(AC)断路器;
可再生能量断路器;
多相脉冲电力断路器;以及
开关,所述开关耦合到所述多相脉冲电力断路器,并且能够操作用于提供断路器控制。
12.根据权利要求11所述的装置,还包括:脉冲电力断路器和AC电力断路器。
13.根据权利要求11或12所述的装置,还包括:组合的AC和多相脉冲电力断路器。
14.根据权利要求11至13中任一项所述的装置,其中,所述开关包括与电力控制器通信的PoE(以太网电力)开关。
15.根据权利要求14所述的装置,其中,所述PoE开关能够操作用于接收针对多相脉冲电力电路和AC电力电路的电压和电流信息。
16.一种方法,包括:
接收交流(AC)电力;
从可再生能源接收直流(DC)电力;
在电力分配系统处集成所述AC电力和所述DC电力;
监视可用电力和电力负载;
发送所述AC电力;以及
发送多相脉冲电力,所述多相脉冲电力包括多个相的脉冲电力,其中,所述脉冲电力包括多个DC电压脉冲,在各相之间各DC电压脉冲偏移以提供连续电力。
17.根据权利要求16所述的方法,还包括:将接收的AC电力转换成DC电力,以用于与来自所述可再生能源的DC电力集成。
18.根据权利要求16或17所述的方法,其中,所述DC电压脉冲处于56伏或更高的电压。
19.根据权利要求16至18中任一项所述的方法,其中,所述多相脉冲电力包括三相或更多相的380VDC脉冲电力。
20.根据权利要求16至19中任一项所述的方法,还包括:对将所述AC电力或所述多相电力输送到一个或多个电力电路区分优先级。
21.根据权利要求16至20中任一项所述的方法,还包括:在所述多相脉冲电力的DC电压脉冲之间执行故障检测。
22.一种装置,包括:
用于从可再生能源接收直流(DC)电力的输入;
用于发送多相脉冲电力和PoE(以太网电力)的输出;以及
控制器,用于监视可用电力,识别一个或多个低优先级的电力电路,并在电力负载超过所述可用电力时禁用所述一个或多个低优先级的电力电路。
23.根据权利要求22所述的装置,还包括:用于接收交流(AC)电力的输入和用于发送所述AC电力的输出,其中,所述一个或多个低优先级的电路被配置用于接收所述多相脉冲电力、所述PoE、或所述AC电力。
24.根据权利要求22或23所述的装置,其中,所述多相脉冲电力包括多个相的脉冲电力,所述脉冲电力包括多个高压脉冲,在各相之间各高压脉冲偏移以提供连续电力,其中,在各高压脉冲之间执行低压故障检测。
25.一种装置,包括:
用于接收交流(AC)电力的设备;
用于从可再生能源接收直流(DC)电力的设备;
用于在电力分配系统处集成所述AC电力和所述DC电力的设备;
用于监视可用电力和电力负载的设备;
用于发送所述AC电力的设备;以及
用于发送多相脉冲电力的设备,所述多相脉冲电力包括多个相的脉冲电力,其中,所述脉冲电力包括多个DC电压脉冲,在各相之间各DC电压脉冲偏移以提供连续电力。
26.根据权利要求25所述的装置,还包括:用于实现根据权利要求17至21中任一项所述的方法的设备。
27.一种包括指令的计算机程序、计算机程序产品或计算机可读介质,所述指令当由计算机执行时,使得所述计算机执行根据权利要求16至21中任一项所述的方法的步骤。
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