CN114980934A - 化合物及其缀合物 - Google Patents
化合物及其缀合物 Download PDFInfo
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- CN114980934A CN114980934A CN202180010092.XA CN202180010092A CN114980934A CN 114980934 A CN114980934 A CN 114980934A CN 202180010092 A CN202180010092 A CN 202180010092A CN 114980934 A CN114980934 A CN 114980934A
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Abstract
一种缀合物,该缀合物包含以下拓扑异构酶抑制剂衍生物(A*):其中Y是H或F,具有将两个拓扑异构酶抑制剂衍生物连接到配体单元的单个整体接头部分,其中这些拓扑异构酶抑制剂衍生物可从配体单元切割。还提供了附接有连接单元的A*、以及用于其合成的中间体。
Description
本发明涉及包含拓扑异构酶抑制剂和可用于其合成的化合物的靶向缀合物。
背景技术
拓扑异构酶抑制剂
拓扑异构酶抑制剂是阻断拓扑异构酶(拓扑异构酶I和II)作用的化学化合物,拓扑异构酶是在正常细胞周期中通过催化DNA链的磷酸二酯骨架的断裂和重新连接来控制DNA结构变化的一类酶。
以下化合物:
(以外消旋形式)披露于EP 0296597(实例63)中。还在Sugimori,M.,等人,J MedChem[药物化学杂志],1998,41,2308-2318(DOI:10.1021/jm970765q)中披露(以外消旋形式的化合物34),其中讨论了其生物学活性以及一些相关的化合物的生物学活性。
各种拓扑异构酶抑制剂,例如伊立替康(irinotecan)和依沙替康(exatecan)衍生物和阿霉素,已包括在抗体药物缀合物中。例如,第一三共株式会社(Daiichi Sankyo)在临床试验中使用了DS-8201a:
其中抗体是Her2(Takegawa,N.,等人,Int J Cancer[国际癌症杂志],2017,141,1682-1689(DOI:10.1002/ijc.30870)。该ADC释放依沙替康衍生物:
Burke,P.J.,等人,Bioconjugate Chem.[生物缀合化学],2009,20,1242-1250,披露了以下的缀合物:
它们经由氨基基团与以下结构连接:
它们包括PABC(对氨基苄氧羰基)基团。
免疫组学人员在临床试验中使用了戈维替康-沙西妥珠单抗(SacituzumabGovitecan,IMMU-132)(Cardillo,T.M.,等人,Bioconjugate Chem[生物缀合化学],2015,26(5),919-931,DOI:10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.5b00223)
发明内容
在总体方面,本发明提供了包含以下拓扑异构酶抑制剂衍生物(A*,药物单元)的缀合物:
其中Y是H或F,具有将两个拓扑异构酶抑制剂衍生物连接到配体单元的单个整体接头部分,其中这些拓扑异构酶抑制剂衍生物可从配体单元切割。该配体单元优选是抗体。本发明还提供了附接有连接单元的A*、以及用于其合成的中间体。
本发明的第一方面包含具有式I的化合物:
其中X1和X2独立地选自式Ia的基团:
Q是:
a=0至5,b1=0至16,并且b2=0至16,其中至少b1或b2=0(即,b1和b2中只有一个可以不是0);
Y是H或F;
c1是0至5;
c2是0至5;
X3是-CH2-或-C(=O)-;
X4是X3-(CH2)d1-(C2H4O)e-(CH2)d2-GL,其中d1是0至5,d2是0至5,并且e是0至16;
并且
GL是用于连接至配体单元的接头。
本发明的第二方面提供了制备本发明的第一方面的化合物的方法,该方法包括以下列出的方法步骤中的至少一个。
在第三方面,本发明提供了具有式IV的缀合物:
L-(DL)p (IV)
或其药学上可接受的盐或溶剂化物,其中L是配体单元(即,靶向剂),DL是具有式III的药物接头单元:
其中X1和X2独立地选自如第一方面所定义的式Ia的基团;X3、X4、c1和c2如第一方面所定义;
GLL是连接至配体单元的接头;并且
p是从1至20的整数。
据此,这些缀合物包含通过接头单元(即,附接有一个或多个药物接头单元的配体单元)与一对药物单元(A*)共价连接的配体单元。在下面更全面地描述的配体单元是与靶部分结合的靶向剂。配体单元可以例如特异性结合细胞组分(细胞结合剂)或其他目的靶分子。据此,本发明还提供了用于治疗例如各种癌症和自身免疫性疾病的方法。这些方法涵盖缀合物的用途,其中配体单元是特异性结合至靶分子的靶向剂。配体单元可以是例如蛋白质、多肽或肽,例如抗体、抗体的抗原结合片段、或其他结合剂,例如Fc融合蛋白。
药物负载由p值的两倍(每个配体单元(例如抗体)的药物单元的数量)表示。每个配体单元(例如Ab或mAb)的药物负载范围可能是从2至40个药物单元(D)。对于组合物,p表示组合物中缀合物的平均药物负载的一半,并且p的范围为1至20。
本发明的第四方面提供了本发明的第三方面的缀合物在制造用于治疗增殖性疾病的药物中的用途。第四方面还提供了本发明的第三方面的缀合物用于在治疗增殖性疾病中使用。
本领域普通技术人员能够容易地确定候选化合物是否治疗任何特定细胞类型的增殖性病症。例如,在以下实例中描述了可方便地用于评估特定化合物提供的活性的测定。
在Nakada,等人,Bioorg Med Chem Lett[生物有机化学与医药化学快报],26(2016),1542-1545(DOI:10.1016/j.bmcl.2016.02.020)中讨论了一系列ADC:
并得出结论,ADC(1)和(2)的细胞毒性下降可能是由于肿瘤细胞中降解酶作用的位点上释放的药物部分的空间位阻所致。该文件教导了将肽基基团(peptidic group)与大量释放的药物部分隔开的重要性。相反,在本发明中,肽基基团直接连接至大量释放的药物部分。
此外,与使用直链接头相比,使用支链接头允许每个抗体附接更多的药物单元。这对于与工程化抗体(具有有限数量的缀合侧)一起使用可能特别有用。例如,可使用支链接头达到DAR=4,其中该抗体具有两个工程化半胱氨酸。对于未工程化的抗体(例如具有8个可用的半胱氨酸),可达到DAR=16。
定义
C5-6亚芳基:如本文所使用的,术语“C5-6亚芳基”涉及通过从芳香族化合物的芳香族环原子上除去两个氢原子而获得的二价部分。
在本文中,前缀(例如C5-6)表示环原子的数量或环原子数量的范围,无论是碳原子还是杂原子。
环原子可以都是碳原子,如“碳亚芳基基团”中那样,在这种情况下,该基团是亚苯基(C6)。
可替代地,环原子可以包括一个或多个杂原子,如“杂亚芳基基团”中那样。杂亚芳基基团的实例包括但不限于衍生自如下的那些:
N1:吡咯(氮杂茂(azole))(C5)、吡啶(吖嗪(azine))(C6);
O1:呋喃(氧杂环戊二烯(oxole))(C5);
S1:噻吩(硫杂环戊二烯(thiole))(C5);
N1O1:噁唑(C5)、异噁唑(C5)、异噁嗪(isoxazine)(C6);
N2O1:噁二唑(呋咱)(C5);
N3O1:噁三唑(C5);
N1S1:噻唑(C5)、异噻唑(C5);
N2:咪唑(1,3-二唑)(C5)、吡唑(1,2-二唑)(C5)、哒嗪(1,2-二嗪)(C6)、嘧啶(1,3-二嗪)(C6)(例如胞嘧啶、胸腺嘧啶、尿嘧啶)、吡嗪(1,4-二嗪)(C6);以及
N3:三唑(C5),三嗪(C6)。
C1-4烷基:如本文所使用的,术语“C1-4烷基”涉及通过从具有从1至4个碳原子的碳氢化合物的碳原子上除去氢原子而获得的单价部分,该碳氢化合物可以是脂肪族或脂环族,并且可以是饱和或不饱和的(例如部分不饱和、完全不饱和)。如本文所使用的,术语“C1-n烷基”涉及通过从具有从1至n个碳原子的碳氢化合物的碳原子上除去氢原子而获得的单价部分,该碳氢化合物可以是脂肪族或脂环族,并且可以是饱和或不饱和的(例如部分不饱和、完全不饱和)。因此,术语“烷基”包括以下论述的亚类:烯基、炔基、环烷基等。
饱和烷基基团的实例包括但不限于甲基(C1)、乙基(C2)、丙基(C3)和丁基(C4)。
饱和直链烷基基团的实例包括但不限于甲基(C1)、乙基(C2)、正丙基(C3)和正丁基(C4)。
饱和支链烷基基团的实例包括异丙基(C3)、异丁基(C4)、仲丁基(C4)和叔丁基(C4)。
C2-4烯基;如本文所使用的,术语“C2-4烯基”涉及具有一个或多个碳-碳双键的烷基基团。
不饱和烯基基团的实例包括但不限于乙烯基(ethenyl、vinyl)(-CH=CH2)、1-丙烯基(-CH=CH-CH3)、2-丙烯基(烯丙基,-CH-CH=CH2)、异丙烯基(1-甲基乙烯基,-C(CH3)=CH2)和丁烯基(C4)。
C2-4炔基:如本文所使用的,术语“C2-4炔基”涉及具有一个或多个碳-碳三键的烷基基团。
不饱和炔基基团的实例包括但不限于乙炔基(-C≡CH)和2-丙炔基(炔丙基,-CH2-C≡CH)。
C3-4环烷基:如本文所使用的,术语“C3-4环烷基”涉及也是一个环基基团的烷基基团;即,通过从环状碳氢(碳环)化合物的脂环族环原子上除去氢原子而获得的一价部分,该部分具有从3至7个碳原子,包括从3至7个环原子。
环烷基基团的实例包括但不限于衍生自如下的那些:
饱和单环碳氢化合物:
环丙烷(C3)和环丁烷(C4);以及
不饱和单环碳氢化合物:
环丙烯(C3)和环丁烯(C4)。
盐
可以方便地或令人希望地制备、纯化、和/或处理活性化合物的对应的盐,例如药学上可接受的盐。药学上可接受的盐的实例在Berge,等人,J.Pharm.Sci.[药物科学杂志],66,1-19(1977)中讨论。
例如,如果化合物是阴离子的、或具有可以是阴离子的官能团(例如,-COOH可以是-COO-),则可以与适当的阳离子形成盐。合适的无机阳离子的实例包括但不限于碱金属离子如Na+和K+、碱土金属阳离子如Ca2+和Mg2+、以及其他阳离子如Al+3。合适的有机阳离子的实例包括但不限于铵离子(即NH4 +)和经取代的铵离子(例如NH3R+、NH2R2 +、NHR3 +、NR4 +)。一些合适的经取代的铵离子的实例是衍生自如下的那些:乙胺、二乙胺、二环己胺、三乙胺、丁胺、乙二胺、乙醇胺、二乙醇胺、哌嗪、苄胺、苯基苄胺、胆碱、葡甲胺和氨丁三醇、以及氨基酸(如赖氨酸和精氨酸)。常见的季铵离子的实例是N(CH3)4 +。
如果化合物是阳离子的、或具有可以是阳离子的官能团(例如,-NH2可以是-NH3 +),则可以与适当的阴离子形成盐。合适的无机阴离子的实例包括但不限于衍生自以下无机酸的那些:盐酸、氢溴酸、氢碘酸、硫酸、亚硫酸、硝酸、亚硝酸、磷酸和亚磷酸。
合适的有机阴离子的实例包括但不限于衍生自以下有机酸的那些:2-乙酰氧基苯甲酸、乙酸、抗坏血酸、天冬氨酸、苯甲酸、樟脑磺酸、肉桂酸、柠檬酸、乙二胺四乙酸(edetic)、乙二磺酸(ethanedisulfonic)、乙磺酸、富马酸、葡庚糖酸(glucheptonic)、葡糖酸、谷氨酸、乙醇酸、羟基马来酸、羟基萘甲酸、羟基乙磺酸、乳酸、乳糖酸、月桂酸、马来酸、苹果酸、甲磺酸、粘液酸、油酸、草酸、棕榈酸、双羟萘酸、泛酸、苯乙酸、苯磺酸、丙酸、丙酮酸、水杨酸、硬脂酸、琥珀酸、磺胺酸、酒石酸、甲苯磺酸、三氟乙酸和戊酸。合适的聚合有机阴离子的实例包括但不限于衍生自以下聚合酸的那些:单宁酸、羧甲基纤维素。
溶剂化物
可以方便地或令人希望地制备、纯化、和/或处理活性化合物的对应的溶剂化物。术语“溶剂化物”在本文中以常规意义使用,是指溶质(例如活性化合物、活性化合物的盐)和溶剂的复合物。如果溶剂是水,则溶剂化物可以方便地称为水合物,例如一水合物、二水合物、三水合物等。
异构体
本发明的某些化合物能以一种或多种特定的几何、光学、对映异构、非对映异构、差向异构、阻转异构、立体异构、互变异构、构象或异头形式(anomeric form)存在,包括但不限于顺式和反式形式;E-和Z-形式;c-、t-、和r-形式;内-和外-形式;R-、S-、和内消旋-形式;D-和L-形式;d-和1-形式;(+)和(-)形式;酮-、烯醇-、和烯醇化物-形式;顺式-和反式-形式;向斜-和背斜-形式;α-和β-形式;轴向和赤道形式;船型-、椅型-、扭曲-、信封型-、和半椅型-形式;及其组合,在下文中统称为“异构体”(或“异构形式”)。
术语“手性”是指具有镜像配偶体的不可重叠性的分子,而术语“非手性”是指可叠加在其镜像配偶体上的分子。
术语“立体异构体”是指具有相同化学组成、但关于原子或基团在空间中的排列上不同的化合物。
“非对映异构体”是指具有两个或更多个手性中心并且其分子不是彼此镜像的立体异构体。非对映异构体具有不同的物理特性,例如熔点、沸点、光谱性质和反应性。非对映异构体的混合物可以在高分辨率分析程序(例如电泳和色谱)下分离。
“对映异构体”是指化合物的两种立体异构体,它们是彼此不可重叠的镜像。
本文所用的立体化学定义和惯例通常遵循S.P.Parker,编辑,McGraw-HillDictionary of Chemical Terms[麦格劳-希尔化学术语词典](1984)麦格劳希尔出版社,纽约;以及Eliel,E.和Wilen,S.,“Stereochemistry of Organic Compounds[有机化合物的立体化学]”,John Wiley&Sons,Inc.[约翰威利父子公司],纽约,1994。本发明的化合物可以含有不对称或手性中心,因此以不同的立体异构形式存在。意图是本发明化合物的所有立体异构形式(包括但不限于非对映异构体、对映异构体和阻转异构体及其混合物,例如外消旋混合物)均构成本发明的一部分。许多有机化合物以旋光活性形式存在,即它们具有旋转平面偏振光的平面的能力。在描述光学活性化合物时,前缀D和L、或R和S用于表示分子围绕其一个或多个手性中心的绝对构型。前缀d和1或(+)和(-)用来表示该化合物使平面偏振光旋转的符号,其中(-)或1表示该化合物是左旋的。带有(+)或d前缀的化合物是右旋的。对于给定的化学结构,这些立体异构体是相同的,只是它们是彼此的镜像。特定的立体异构体也可以被称为对映异构体,并且这种异构体的混合物通常被称为对映异构体混合物。对映异构体的50∶50混合物称为外消旋混合物或外消旋体,它们可以发生在化学反应或过程中没有立体选择或立体特异性的地方。术语“外消旋混合物”和“外消旋物”是指两种对映异构体种类的等摩尔混合物,没有旋光活性。
“对映异构体富集形式”是指手性物质的样品,其对映体比率大于50∶50但小于100∶0。
注意,除下文关于互变异构形式的讨论外,本文所使用的术语“异构体”特别排除的是结构(或构成)异构体(即,在原子之间的连接而不仅仅是在原子在空间上的位置不同的异构体)。例如,对甲氧基基团(-OCH3)的引用不应被解释为对其结构异构体羟甲基-CH2OH的引用。类似地,对邻氯苯基的引用不应被解释为对其结构异构体间氯苯基的引用。但是,对一类结构的引用很可能包括属于该类的结构异构形式(例如C1-7烷基包括正丙基和异丙基;丁基包括正、异、仲和叔丁基;甲氧基苯基包括邻、间和对甲氧基苯基)。
上面的排除不涉及互变异构形式,例如酮-、烯醇-、和烯醇化物-形式,例如像以下互变异构对:酮/烯醇(如下所示)、亚胺/烯胺、酰胺/亚胺醇、脒/脒(amidine/amidine)、亚硝基/肟、硫酮/烯硫醇、N-亚硝基/羟基偶氮和硝基/酸硝基。
术语“互变异构体”或“互变异构形式”是指经由低能障可相互转化的不同能量的结构异构体。例如,质子互变异构体(也称为质子异变互变异构体)包括经由质子迁移的相互转化,例如酮-烯醇和亚胺-烯胺异构化。效价互变异构体包括通过一些价电子的重组而进行的相互转化。
注意,术语“异构体”中具体包括的是具有一个或多个同位素取代的化合物。例如,H可以是任何同位素形式,包括1H、2H(D)、和3H(T);C可以是任何同位素形式,包括12C、13C、和14C;O可以是任何同位素形式,包括16O和18O;等等。
可以掺入本发明化合物的同位素的实例包括氢、碳、氮、氧、磷、氟、氯和碘的同位素,例如但不限于2H(氘,D)、3H(氚)、11C、13C、14C、15N、18F、31P、32P、35S、36Cl、和125I。本发明的各种同位素标记的化合物,例如其中掺入了放射性同位素如3H、13C和14C的那些。此类同位素标记的化合物可用于代谢研究、反应动力学研究、检测或成像技术(例如正电子发射断层扫描(PET)或单光子发射计算机断层扫描(SPECT),包括药物或基质组织分布测定),或用于患者的放射治疗。本发明的氘标记的或经取代的治疗性化合物可以具有与分布、代谢和排泄(ADME)有关的改善的DMPK(药物代谢和药代动力学)特性。用较重同位素(如氘)取代可能会提供某些治疗优势(由于更高的代谢稳定性),例如增加的体内半衰期或减少的剂量要求。18F标记的化合物可用于PET或SPECT研究。本发明的同位素标记的化合物及其前药通常可以通过进行以下描述的方案中或实例和制备中披露的方法来制备,该方法是用容易获得的同位素标记的试剂取代非同位素标记的试剂。此外,用较重的同位素(尤其是氘(即2H或D))取代可以提供某些治疗优势(由于更高的代谢稳定性而),例如增加的体内半衰期或降低的剂量要求或治疗指数的改善。应当理解,在本文中氘被视为取代基。这样的较重同位素(特别是氘)的浓度可以由同位素富集因子定义。在本发明的化合物中,未特别指定为特定同位素的任何原子均表示该原子的任何稳定同位素。
除非另有说明,否则对特定化合物的引用包括所有此类异构体形式,包括(全部或部分)外消旋体及其其他混合物。此类异构体形式的制备(例如,不对称合成)和分离(例如,分级结晶和色谱方式)的方法是本领域已知的,或者通过以已知方式采用本文教导的方法或已知方法是容易地获得的。
配体单元
配体单元可以是任何种类,并且包括特异性结合至靶分子的蛋白质、多肽、肽和非肽试剂。在一些实施例中,该配体单元可以是蛋白质、多肽或肽。在一些实施例中,该配体单元可以是环状多肽。这些配体单元可以包括抗体或抗体片段,该抗体或抗体片段含有至少一个靶分子结合位点、淋巴因子、激素、生长因子、或可以特异性结合至靶标的任何其他细胞结合分子或物质。
术语“特异性结合(specifically binds和specific binding)”是指抗体或其他蛋白质、多肽或肽与预定分子(例如,抗原)的结合。通常,抗体或其他分子以至少约1x107M-1的亲和力结合,并以比其与非特异性分子(例如,BSA、酪蛋白)(而不是预定分子或紧密相关的分子)结合的亲和力大至少两倍的亲和力与预定分子结合。
配体单元的实例包括描述用于WO 2007/085930(将其并入本文)中使用的那些试剂。
在一些实施例中,该配体单元与细胞上的细胞外靶标结合的细胞结合剂。这种细胞结合剂可以是蛋白质、多肽、肽或非肽试剂。在一些实施例中,该细胞结合剂可以是蛋白质、多肽或肽。在一些实施例中,该细胞结合剂可以是环状多肽。该细胞结合剂也可以是抗体或抗体的抗原结合片段。因此,在一个实施例中,本发明提供了抗体-药物缀合物(ADC)。
细胞结合剂
细胞结合剂可以是任何种类,并且包括肽和非肽。这些可以包括抗体或抗体片段,该抗体或抗体片段含有至少一个结合位点、淋巴因子、激素、激素模拟物、维生素、生长因子、营养转运分子、或任何其他细胞结合分子或物质。
肽
在一个实施例中,细胞结合剂是包含4-30个、优选6-20个连续的氨基酸残基的线性肽或环状肽。
在一个实施例中,细胞结合剂包含结合整联蛋白αvβ6的肽。该肽对αvβ6的选择性可以超过XYS。
在一个实施例中,细胞结合剂包含A20FMDV-Cys多肽。A20FMDV-Cys具有以下序列:NAVPNLRGDLQVLAQKVARTC。可替代地,可以使用A20FMDV-Cys序列的变体,其中一个、两个、三个、四个、五个、六个、七个、八个、九个或十个氨基酸残基被另一个氨基酸残基取代。此外,该多肽可以具有序列NAVXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXRTC。
抗体
本文中的术语“抗体”以最广义使用,并且特别涵盖单克隆抗体、多克隆抗体、二聚体、多聚体、多特异性抗体(例如双特异性抗体)、多价抗体和抗体片段,只要它们表现出所希望的生物学活性即可(Miller等人(2003)dour.of Immunology[免疫学杂志]170:4854-4861)。抗体可以是鼠、人、人源化、嵌合或衍生自其他物种的抗体。抗体是由免疫系统产生的能够识别并结合特定抗原的蛋白质。(Janeway,C.,Travers,P.,Walport,M.,Shlomchik(2001)Immuno Biology[免疫生物学],第5版,加兰出版社(Garland Publishing),纽约)。靶抗原通常具有被多个抗体上的CDR识别的许多结合位点,也称为表位。特异性结合不同表位的每种抗体具有不同的结构。因此,一种抗原可以具有超过一种的对应的抗体。抗体包括全长免疫球蛋白分子或全长免疫球蛋白分子的免疫学活性部分(即含有免疫特异性结合目的靶标抗原或其部分的抗原结合位点的分子),此类靶标包括但不限于癌细胞或产生与自身免疫性疾病相关的自身免疫抗体的细胞。免疫球蛋白可以是免疫球蛋白分子的任何类型(例如IgG、IgE、IgM、IgD、和IgA)、类别(例如IgG1、IgG2、IgG3、IgG4、IgA1和IgA2)或子类。免疫球蛋白可衍生自任何物种,包括人、鼠或兔来源。
“抗体片段”包含全长抗体的一部分,通常是其抗原结合区或可变区。抗体片段的实例包括Fab、Fab′、F(ab′)2、以及scFv片段;双抗体;线性抗体;由Fab表达文库产生的片段、抗独特型(抗Id)抗体、CDR(互补决定区)和上述任何一项的表位结合片段(这些片段与癌细胞抗原、病毒抗原或微生物抗原免疫特异性结合)、单链抗体分子;以及由抗体片段形成的多特异性抗体。
如本文所使用的术语“单克隆抗体”是指从基本上均质抗体的群体中获得的抗体,即单个抗体,这些抗体包含除了可能自然发生的突变(可能少量存在)之外其他均相同的群体。单克隆抗体是高特异性的,针对单个抗原位点的。此外,与多克隆抗体制剂(其包括针对不同决定簇(表位)的不同抗体)形成对比,每种单克隆抗体针对抗原上的单个决定簇。除了它们的特异性之外,单克隆抗体的有利之处在于它们可以在不被其他抗体污染的情况下被合成。修饰语“单克隆”表示抗体的特征是从基本上同质的抗体群体获得的,并且不应解释为要求通过任何特定方法来生产抗体。例如,根据本发明使用的单克隆抗体可以通过首先由Kohler等人(1975)Nature[自然]256:495描述的杂交瘤方法来制备,或者可以通过重组DNA方法来制备(参见US 4816567)。还可以从噬菌体抗体文库(使用描述于以下的技术:Clackson等人(1991)Nature[自然],352:624-628;Marks等人(1991)J.Mol.Biol.[分子生物学杂志],222:581-597)或从携带完全人免疫球蛋白系统的转基因小鼠(Lonberg(2008)Curr.Opinion[最新观点]20(4):450-459)中分离单克隆抗体。
本文的单克隆抗体具体包括嵌合抗体、人源化抗体和人抗体。
细胞结合剂的实例包括描述用于WO 2007/085930(将其并入本文)中使用的那些试剂。
下面列出了用于本发明的实施例的肿瘤相关抗原和同族抗体,并在WO 2017/186894的第14至86页(将其并入本文)上进行了更详细的描述。
(1)BMPR1B(骨形态发生蛋白受体-IB型)
(2)E16(LAT1、SLC7A5)
(3)STEAP1(前列腺六次跨膜上皮抗原)
(4)0772P(CA125、MUC16)
(5)MPF(MPF、MSLN、SMR、巨核细胞促进因子、间皮素)
(6)Napi3b(NAPI-3B、NPTIIb、SLC34A2、溶质载体家族34(磷酸钠),成员2、II型钠依赖性磷酸转运蛋白3b)
(7)Sema 5b(FLJ10372、KIAA1445、Mm.42015、SEMA5B、SEMAG、脑信号蛋白(Semaphorin)5b HLog、sema域、七次血小板反应蛋白重复序列(1型和1型样)、跨膜域(TM)和短胞质域、(脑信号蛋白)5B)
(8)PSCA hlg(2700050C12Rik、C530008O16Rik、RIKEN cDNA2700050C12、RIKENcDNA 2700050C12基因)
(9)ETBR(内皮素B型受体)
(10)MSG783(RNF124、假想蛋白质FLJ20315)
(11)STEAP2(HGNC_8639、IPCA-1、PCANAP1、STAMP1、STEAP2、STMP、前列腺癌相关基因1、前列腺癌相关蛋白1、前列腺六次跨膜上皮抗原2、六次跨膜前列腺蛋白)
(12)TrpM4(BR22450、FLJ20041、TRPM4、TRPM4B、瞬时受体电位阳离子5通道亚家族M成员4)
(13)CRIPTO(CR、CR1、CRGF、CRIPTO、TDGF1、畸胎瘤衍生生长因子)
(14)CD21(CR2(补体受体2)或C3DR(C3d/爱泼斯坦-巴尔二氏(Epstein Barr)病毒受体)或Hs.73792)
(15)CD79b(CD79B、CD79β、IGb(免疫球蛋白相关β)、B29)
(16)FcRH2(IFGP4、IRTA4、SPAP1A(含有SH2域的磷酸酶锚定蛋白1a)、SPAP1B、SPAP1C)
(17)HER2(ErbB2)
(18)NCA(CEACAM6)
(19)MDP(DPEP1)
(20)IL20R-α(IL20Ra、ZCYTOR7)
(21)短缩素(Brevican)(BCAN、BEHAB)
(22)EphB2R(DRT、ERK、Hek5、EPHT3、Tyro5)
(23)ASLG659(B7h)
(24)PSCA(前列腺干细胞抗原前体)
(25)GEDA
(26)BAFF-R(B细胞活化因子受体、BLyS受体3、BR3)
(27)CD22(B细胞受体CD22-B同种型、BL-CAM、Lyb-8、Lyb8、SIGLEC-2、FLJ22814)
(27a)CD22(CD22分子)
(28)CD79a(CD79A、CD79α),免疫球蛋白相关α,与Igβ(CD79B)共价相互作用并在表面上与Ig M分子形成复合物、转导涉及B细胞分化的信号的B细胞特异性蛋白),pI:4.84,MW:25028TM:2[P]基因染色体:19q13.2)。
(29)CXCR5(伯基特(Burkitt)淋巴瘤受体1,一种由CXCL13趋化因子激活、在淋巴细胞迁移和体液防御中发挥功能、在HIV-2感染以及可能AIDS、淋巴瘤、骨髓瘤和白血病的发展中发挥作用的G蛋白偶联受体);372aa,pI:8.54MW:41959TM:7[P]基因染色体:11q23.3,
(30)HLA-DOB(结合肽,并且20将它们呈递给CD4+ T淋巴细胞的MHC II类分子(Ia抗原)的β亚基);273aa,pI:6.56,MW:30820.TM:1[P]基因染色体:6p21.3)
(31)P2X5(嘌呤受体P2X配体门控离子通道5(由细胞外ATP门控的离子通道)可能涉及突触传递和神经发生,缺陷可能导致特发性逼尿肌不稳定的病理生理学);422aa),pI:7.63,MW:47206TM:1[P]基因染色体:17p13.3)。
(32)CD72(B细胞分化抗原CD72、Lyb-2);359aa,pI:8.66,MW:40225,TM:15[P]基因染色体:9p13.3)。
(33)LY64(淋巴细胞抗原64(RP105)(富含亮氨酸的重复序列(LRR)家族的I型膜蛋白)调控B细胞活化和细胞凋亡,功能丧失与系统性红斑狼疮患者的疾病活动度增加相关联);661aa,pI:6.20,MW:74147TM:1[P]基因染色体:5q12)。
(34)FcRH1(Fc受体样蛋白1(免疫球蛋白Fc域的推定受体,含有C2型Ig样域和ITAM域)可能在B淋巴细胞分化中发挥作用);429aa,pI:5.28,MW:46925TM:1[P]基因染色体:1q21-1q22)
(35)IRTA2(免疫球蛋白超家族受体易位相关2,可能在B细胞发育和淋巴瘤发生中发挥作用的推定免疫受体;在一些B细胞恶性肿瘤中发生由易位导致的基因失调);977aa,pI:6.88,MW:106468,TM:1[P]基因染色体:1q21)
(36)TENB2(TMEFF2、脑肿瘤抑癌蛋白(tomoregulin)、TPEF、HPP1、TR、推定的跨膜35蛋白聚糖,与EGF/调蛋白(heregulin)家族生长因子和卵泡抑素有关);374aa)
(37)PSMA-FOLH1(叶酸水解酶(前列腺特异性膜抗原)1)
(38)SST(生长抑素受体;注意有5种亚型)
(38.1)SSTR2(生长抑素受体2)
(38.2)SSTR5(生长抑素受体5)
(38.3)SSTR1
(38.4)SSTR3
(38.5)SSTR4
AvB6-两个亚基(39+40)
(39)ITGAV(整联蛋白,αV)
(40)ITGB6(整联蛋白,β6)
(41)CEACAM5(癌胚抗原相关细胞粘附分子5)
(42)MET(met原癌基因;肝细胞生长因子受体)
(43)MUC1(粘蛋白1,细胞表面相关)
(44)CA9(碳酸酐酶IX)
(45)EGFRvIII(表皮生长因子受体(EGFR),转录变体3,
(46)CD33(CD33分子)
(47)CD19(CD19分子)
(48)IL2RA(白介素2受体α);NCBI参考序列:NM_000417.2);
(49)AXL(AXL受体酪氨酸激酶)
(50)CD30-TNFRSF8(肿瘤坏死因子受体超家族成员8)
(51)BCMA(B细胞成熟抗原)-TNFRSF17(肿瘤坏死因子受体超家族成员17)
(52)CT Ags-CTA(癌睾丸抗原)
(53)CD174(Lewis Y)-FUT3(岩藻糖基转移酶3(半乳糖苷3(4)-L-岩藻糖基转移酶,Lewis血型)
(54)CLEC14A(C型凝集素域家族14成员A;Genbank登录号NM175060)
(55)GRP78-HSPA5(热休克70kDa蛋白5(葡萄糖调节蛋白,78kDa)
(56)CD70(CD70分子)L08096
(57)干细胞特异性抗原。例如:
·5T4(参见下文条目(63))
·CD25(参见上文条目(48))
·CD32
·LGR5/GPR49
·Prominin/CD133
(58)ASG-5
(59)ENPP3(外核苷酸焦磷酸酶/磷酸二酯酶3)
(60)PRR4(富含脯氨酸4(眼泪))
(61)GCC-GUCY2C(鸟苷酸环化酶2C(热稳定的肠毒素受体)
(62)Liv-1-SLC39A6(溶质载体家族39(锌转运蛋白)成员6)
(63)5T4,滋养层糖蛋白、TPBG-TPBG(滋养层糖蛋白)
(64)CD56-NCMA1(神经细胞粘附分子1)
(65)CanAg(肿瘤相关抗原CA242)
(66)FOLR1(叶酸受体1)
(67)GPNMB(糖蛋白(跨膜)nmb)
(68)TIM-1-HAVCR1(甲肝病毒细胞受体1)
(69)RG-1/前列腺肿瘤靶标Mindin-Mindin/RG-1
(70)B7-H4-VTCN1(含V-set域的T细胞激活抑制剂1
(71)PTK7(PTK7蛋白酪氨酸激酶7)
(72)CD37(CD37分子)
(73)CD138-SDC1(黏结蛋白聚糖1)
(74)CD74(CD74分子,主要组织相容性复合物,II类不变链)
(75)紧密连接蛋白-CL(紧密连接蛋白)
(76)EGFR(表皮生长因子受体)
(77)Her3(ErbB3)-ERBB3(v-erb-b2成红细胞白血病病毒癌基因同源物3(鸟类))
(78)RON-MST1R(巨噬细胞刺激1受体(c-met相关酪氨酸激酶))
(79)EPHA2(EPH受体A2)
(80)CD20-MS4A1(跨膜4域亚家族A成员1)
(81)腱生蛋白C(Tenascin C)-TNC(腱生蛋白C)
(82)FAP(成纤维细胞激活蛋白α)
(83)DKK-1(Dickkopf 1同源物(非洲爪蟾(Xenopus laevis))
(84)CD52(CD52分子)
(85)CS1-SLAMF7(SLAM家族成员7)
(86)内皮糖蛋白(Endoglin)-ENG(内皮糖蛋白)
(87)膜联蛋白A1-ANXA1(膜联蛋白A1)
(88)V-CAM(CD106)-VCAM1(血管细胞粘附分子1)
另外的感兴趣的肿瘤相关抗原和同族抗体是:
(89)ASCT2(ASC转运蛋白2,也称为SLC1A5)。
ASCT2抗体在WO 2018/089393(将其通过引用并入本文)中描述。
可以标记细胞结合剂,例如在掺入作为缀合物之前或作为缀合物的一部分来辅助检测或纯化该试剂。标记可以是生物素标记。在另一个实施例中,细胞结合剂可以用放射性同位素标记。
治疗方法
本发明的缀合物可以用于治疗的方法中。还提供了治疗的方法,该方法包括向需要治疗的受试者施用治疗有效量的具有式IV的缀合物。术语“治疗有效量”是足够向患者显示益处的量。这种益处可以是至少减轻至少一种症状。施用的实际量以及施用的速率和时程将取决于正治疗的疾病的性质和严重程度。治疗处方(例如剂量的确定)属于全科医生和其他医生的职责。
取决于待治疗的病症,缀合物可单独或与其他治疗组合,同时或顺序地施用。治疗和疗法的实例包括但不限于化学疗法,包括例如药物在内的活性剂的施用;手术;和放射疗法。
因此,根据本发明并且用于根据本发明使用的药物组合物除了活性成分(即具有式IV的缀合物)以外,还可以包含药学上可接受的赋形剂、载体、缓冲液、稳定剂或本领域技术人员熟知的其他材料。这些材料应无毒并且不应干扰活性成分的功效。载体或其他材料的确切性质将取决于施用途径,该施用途径可以是口服、或通过注射,例如皮肤、皮下或静脉内注射。
用于口服施用的药物组合物可以是片剂、胶囊、粉末或液体形式。片剂可包含固体载体或辅助剂。液体药物组合物通常包含液体载体,如水、石油、动物油或植物油、矿物油或合成油。可包括生理盐水溶液、右旋糖或其他糖类溶液或二醇,如乙二醇、丙二醇或聚乙二醇。胶囊可包含固体载体,例如明胶。
对于静脉内、皮肤或皮下注射,或病痛部位的注射,活性成分将处于肠胃外可接受的水性溶液形式,该水性溶液为无热原的并且具有合适pH、等渗性以及稳定性。本领域技术人员完全能够使用例如等渗媒介物,如氯化钠注射液、林格氏注射液、乳酸盐林格氏注射液来制备合适溶液。需要时,可以包括防腐剂、稳定剂、缓冲液、抗氧化剂和/或其他添加剂。
缀合物可用于治疗增殖性疾病和自身免疫性疾病。术语“增殖性疾病”涉及过量或异常细胞的不想要的或不受控制的细胞增殖,无论是体外还是体内,其都是不希望的,例如赘生性或增生性生长。
增殖性病症的实例包括但不限于良性、癌前和恶性细胞增殖,包括但不限于赘生物和肿瘤(例如组织细胞瘤、神经胶质瘤、星形细胞瘤、骨瘤)、癌症(例如肺癌、小细胞肺癌、胃肠癌、肠癌、结肠癌、乳腺癌、卵巢癌、前列腺癌、睾丸癌、肝癌、肾癌、膀胱癌、胰腺癌、脑癌、肉瘤、骨肉瘤、卡波济氏肉瘤、黑色素瘤)、白血病、银屑病、骨骼疾病、纤维增殖性障碍(例如结缔组织的障碍)和动脉粥样硬化。其他所关注的癌症包括但不限于血液恶性肿瘤,如白血病和淋巴瘤,如非霍奇金淋巴瘤及亚型(如DLBCL、边缘区淋巴瘤、套区淋巴瘤和滤泡淋巴瘤)、霍奇金淋巴瘤、AML以及其他B或T细胞来源的癌症。可以治疗任何类型的细胞,这些细胞包括但不限于肺、胃肠道(例如包括肠、结肠)、乳腺(breast或mammary)、卵巢、前列腺、肝(liver或hepatic)、肾(kidney或renal)、膀胱、胰腺、脑和皮肤细胞。
自身免疫性疾病的实例包括以下:类风湿性关节炎、自身免疫性脱髓鞘疾病(例如多发性硬化症、过敏性脑脊髓炎)、银屑病关节炎、内分泌性眼病、葡萄膜视网膜炎、系统性红斑狼疮、重症肌无力、格雷夫斯病(Graves’disease)、肾小球性肾炎、自身免疫性肝脏障碍、炎症性肠病(例如克罗恩病)、过敏症、过敏反应、干燥综合征(syndrome)、I型糖尿病、原发性胆汁性肝硬化、韦格纳氏肉芽肿(Wegener’s granulomatosis)、纤维肌痛、多肌炎、皮肌炎、多发性内分泌衰竭、施密特氏综合征(Schmidt’s syndrome)、自身免疫性葡萄膜炎、阿狄森氏病(Addison’s disease)、肾上腺炎、甲状腺炎、桥本氏甲状腺炎(Hashimoto’s thyroiditis)、自身免疫性甲状腺疾病、恶性贫血、胃萎缩、慢性肝炎、狼疮状肝炎、动脉粥样硬化、亚急性皮肤性红斑狼疮、甲状旁腺功能减退症、德雷斯勒综合征(Dressler’s syndrome)、自身免疫性血小板减少症、特发性血小板减少性紫癜、溶血性贫血、寻常型天疱疮、天疱疮、疱疹样皮炎、斑秃、类天疱疮、硬皮病、进行性全身性硬化症、CREST综合征(钙质沉着、雷诺氏现象(Raynaud’s phenomenon)、食道运动障碍、指端硬化和毛细血管扩张)、男性和女性自身免疫性不育症、强直性脊柱炎、溃疡性结肠炎、混合性结缔组织病、结节性多动脉炎、系统性坏死性血管炎、特应性皮炎、特应性鼻炎、肺出血肾炎综合征(Goodpasture’s syndrome)、恰加斯病(Chagas’disease)、结节病、风湿热、哮喘、反复流产、抗磷脂综合征、农民肺、多形性红斑、心脏切开术后综合征、库欣综合征(Cushing’ssyndrome)、自身免疫性慢性活动性肝炎、养鸟人肺、中毒性表皮坏死松解症、Alport综合征、肺泡炎(alveolitis)、过敏性肺泡炎、纤维化性肺泡炎、间质性肺病、结节性红斑、坏疽性脓皮病、输血反应、大动脉炎(Takayasu’s arteritis)、风湿性多肌痛、颞动脉炎、血吸虫病、巨细胞性动脉炎、蛔虫病、曲霉病、Sampter氏综合征、湿疹、淋巴瘤样肉芽肿病、白塞病(Behcet’s disease)、卡普兰综合征(Caplan’s syndrome)、川崎病(Kawasaki’sdisease)、登革热、脑脊髓炎、心内膜炎、心内膜心肌纤维化症、眼内炎、持久性隆起性红斑(erythema elevatum et diutinum)、银屑病、胎儿成红细胞增多病、嗜酸性筋膜炎、舒尔曼综合征(Shulman’s syndrome)、费尔蒂综合征(Felty’s syndrome)、丝虫病、睫状体炎、慢性睫状体炎、异时性睫状体炎、Fuch睫状体炎、IgA肾病、过敏性紫癜(Henoch-Schonleinpurpura)、移植物抗宿主病、移植排斥、心肌病、肌无力综合征(Eaton-Lambert syndrome)、复发性多软骨炎、冷沉球蛋白血症、华氏巨球蛋白血症(Waldenstrom’smacroglobulemia)、伊文氏综合征(Evan’s syndrome)和自身免疫性性腺功能衰竭。
在一些实施例中,自身免疫性疾病是以下细胞的障碍:B淋巴细胞(例如系统性红斑狼疮、肺出血肾炎综合征、类风湿性关节炎和I型糖尿病)、Th1-淋巴细胞(例如类风湿性关节炎、多发性硬化症、银屑病、干燥综合征、桥本甲状腺炎、格雷夫斯病、原发性胆汁性肝硬化、韦格纳肉芽肿病、结核病或移植物抗宿主病)、或Th2淋巴细胞(例如特应性皮炎、系统性红斑狼疮、特应性哮喘、鼻结膜炎(rhinoconjunctivitis)、过敏性鼻炎、欧门氏综合征(Omenn’s syndrome)、或慢性移植物抗宿主病)。通常,涉及树突状细胞的障碍涉及Th1淋巴细胞或Th2淋巴细胞的障碍。在一些实施例中,自身免疫性障碍是T细胞介导的免疫学障碍。
“化学治疗剂”是可用于治疗癌症的化学化合物,无论其作用机理如何。化学治疗剂的类别包括但不限于:烷化剂、抗代谢药、纺锤体毒植物生物碱(spindle poison plantalkaloid)、细胞毒性/抗肿瘤抗生素、拓扑异构酶抑制剂、抗体、光敏剂和激酶抑制剂。化学治疗剂包括在“靶向疗法”和常规化学疗法中使用的化合物。
化学治疗剂的实例包括:厄洛替尼(基因技术公司(Genentech)/OSI制药公司(OSI Pharm.))、多西他赛(赛诺菲-安万特集团(Sanofi-Aventis))、5-FU(氟尿嘧啶,5-氟尿嘧啶,CAS号51-21-8)、吉西他滨(礼来公司(Lilly))、PD-0325901(CAS号391210-10-9,辉瑞公司(Pfizer))、顺铂(顺二胺,二氯铂(II),CAS号15663-27-1)、卡铂(CAS号41575-94-4)、紫杉醇(百时美施贵宝肿瘤公司(Bristol-Myers Squibb Oncology),普林斯顿,新泽西州)、曲妥珠单抗(基因技术公司(Genentech))、替莫唑胺(4-甲基-5-氧代-2,3,4,6,8-五氮杂二环[4.3.0]壬-2,7,9-三烯-9-甲酰胺,CAS号85622-93-1,先灵葆雅公司(Schering Plough))、他莫昔芬(tamoxifen)((Z)-2-[4-(1,2-二苯基丁-1-烯基)苯氧基]-N,N-二甲基乙胺、)、和阿霉素Akti-1/2、HPPD、和雷帕霉素。
化学治疗剂的更多实例包括:奥沙利铂(oxaliplatin)(赛诺菲集团)、保特佐米(bortezomib)(千禧制药公司(Millennium Pharm.))、索坦(sutent)(SU11248,辉瑞公司)、来曲唑(letrozole)(诺华股份有限公司(Novartis))、甲磺酸伊马替尼(imatinib mesylate)(诺华股份有限公司)、XL-518(Mek抑制剂,伊克力西斯(Exelixis),WO 2007/044515)、ARRY-886(Mek抑制剂,AZD6244,艾瑞生物制药公司(Array BioPharma),阿斯利康公司(AstraZeneca))、SF-1126(PI3K抑制剂,Semafore制药公司(SemaforePharmaceuticals))、BEZ-235(PI3K抑制剂,诺华股份有限公司)、XL-147(PI3K抑制剂,伊克力西斯)、PTK787/ZK 222584(诺华股份有限公司)、氟维司群(fulvestrant)(阿斯利康公司)、亚叶酸(leucovorin或folinic acid)、雷帕霉素(rapamycin)(西罗莫司(sirolimus),惠氏公司(Wyeth))、拉帕替尼(lapatinib)(GSK572016,葛兰素史克公司(Glaxo Smith Kline))、洛那法尼(lonafamib)(SARASARTM,SCH 66336,先灵葆雅公司)、索拉非尼(sorafenib)(BAY43-9006,拜耳实验室(Bayer Labs))、吉非替尼(gefitinib)(阿斯利康公司)、伊立替康(CPT-11,辉瑞公司)、替匹法尼(tipifarnib)(ZARNESTRATM,强生公司(Johnson&Johnson))、ABRAXANETM(不含克列莫佛(Cremophor))、紫杉醇的白蛋白工程化的纳米颗粒配制品(美国制药合作伙伴(AmericanPharmaceutical Partners),斯康堡,伊利诺伊州)、万迪他尼(vandetanib)(rINN,ZD6474,阿斯利康公司)、苯丁酸氮芥(chloranmbucil)、AG1478、AG1571(SU 5271;苏根(Sugen))、特罗莫司(temsirolimus)(惠氏公司)、帕佐帕尼(pazopanib)(葛兰素史克公司)、坎磷酰胺(canfosfamide)(Telik)、噻替派(thiotepa)和环磷酰胺(cyclosphosphamide)烷基磺酸酯,如白消安、英丙舒凡(improsulfan)和哌泊舒凡(piposulfan);氮丙啶,如苯佐替哌(benzodopa)、卡波醌、美妥替哌(meturedopa)和乌瑞替哌(uredopa);乙烯亚胺和甲基胺类(methylamelamines),包括六甲蜜胺、曲他胺(triethylenemelamine)、三乙烯磷酰胺(triethylenephosphoramide)、三乙烯硫代磷酰胺(triethylenethiophosphoramide)和三羟甲密胺(trimethylomelamine)多聚乙酰(acetogenin)(特别是布拉它辛(bullatacin)和布拉它辛酮(bullatacinone));喜树碱(包括合成类似物拓扑替康(topotecan));苔藓抑素(bryostatin);卡利抑制素(callystatin);CC-1065(包括其阿多来新(adozelesin)、卡折来新(carzelesin)和比折来新(bizelesin)合成类似物);念珠藻素(cryptophycin)(特别是念珠藻素1和念珠藻素8);尾海兔素(dolastatin);多卡霉素(duocarmycin)(包括合成类似物,KW-2189和CB1-TM1);软珊瑚醇(eleutherobin);水鬼蕉碱(pancratistatin);匍枝珊瑚醇(sarcodictyin);海绵抑制素(spongistatin);氮芥(nitrogen mustard),例如苯丁酸氮芥(chlorambucil)、萘氮芥(chlornaphazine)、氯磷酰胺(chlorophosphamide)、雌莫司汀(estramustine)、异环磷酰胺(ifosfamide)、二氯甲基二乙胺(mechlorethamine)、盐酸氧氮芥(mechlorethamine oxide hydrochloride)、美法仑(melphalan)、新恩比兴(novembichin)、苯芥胆甾醇(phenesterine)、泼尼氮芥(prednimustine)、曲磷胺(trofosfamide)、尿嘧啶氮芥(uracil mustard);亚硝脲类(nitrosourea),例如卡莫司汀(carmustine)、氯脲菌素(chlorozotocin)、福莫司汀(fotemustine)、洛莫司汀(lomustine)、尼莫司汀(nimustine)、和雷莫司汀(ranimnustine);抗生素,例如烯二炔抗生素(例如加利车霉素(calicheamicin)、加利车霉素γ1I(calicheamicin gamma1I)、加利车霉素ωI1(calicheamicin omegaI1)(Angew Chem.Intl.Ed.Engl.[应用化学-英文国际版](1994)33:183-186);代尼霉素(dynemicin)、代尼霉素A(dynemicin A);二膦酸盐,例如氯膦酸盐;埃斯佩拉霉素(esperamicin);以及新抑癌蛋白发色团和相关有色蛋白质烯二炔抗生素发色团)、阿克拉霉素(aclacinomysins)、放线菌素(actinomycin)、安曲霉素(authramycin)、偶氮丝氨酸(azaserine)、博来霉素(bleomycins)、放线菌素C(cactinomycin)、卡拉霉素(carabicin)、洋红霉素(carminomycin)、嗜癌素(carzinophilin)、色霉素(chromomycinis)、放线菌素D(dactinomycin)、柔红霉素(daunorubicin)、地托比星(detorubicin)、6-重氮基-5-氧代-L-正亮氨酸、吗啉代-阿霉素(吗啉代-doxorubicin)、氰基吗啉代-阿霉素(cyano吗啉代-doxorubicin)、2-吡咯并-阿霉素及脱氧阿霉素)、表柔比星(epirubicin)、依索比星(esorubicin)、伊达比星(idarubicin)、奈莫柔比星(nemorubicin)、麻西罗霉素(marcellomycin)、丝裂霉素(mitomycins)(例如丝裂霉素C)、霉酚酸(myco苯酚ic acid)、诺加霉素(nogalamycin)、橄榄霉素类(olivomycin)、培洛霉素(peplomycin)、紫菜霉素(porfiromycin)、嘌呤霉素(puromycin)、三铁阿霉素(quelamycin)、罗多比星(rodorubicin)、链黑霉素(streptonigrin)、链脲菌素(streptozocin)、杀结核菌素(tubercidin)、乌苯美司(ubenimex)、净司他丁(zinostatin)、佐柔比星(zorubicin);抗代谢药,如甲氨蝶呤和5-氟尿嘧啶(5-FU);叶酸类似物,如二甲叶酸(denopterin)、甲氨蝶呤、蝶罗呤、三甲曲沙;嘌呤类似物,如氟达拉滨、6-巯嘌呤、硫咪嘌呤、硫鸟嘌呤;嘧啶类似物,例如安西他滨(ancitabine)、阿扎胞苷(azacitidine)、6-阿扎尿苷(6-azauridine)、卡莫氟(carmofur)、阿糖胞苷(cytarabine)、二脱氧尿苷、脱氧氟尿苷(doxifluridine)、依诺他滨(enocitabine)、氟尿苷(floxuridine);雄激素,如卡普睾酮、丙酸屈他雄酮(dromostanolone propionate)、环硫雄醇、美雄烷、睪内酯酮(testolactone);抗肾上腺药,如氨鲁米特(aminoglutethimide)、米托坦(mitotane)、曲洛司坦(trilostane);叶酸补充剂,如亚叶酸(frolinic acid);醋葡醛内酯;醛磷酰胺糖苷;氨基乙酰丙酸;恩尿嘧啶;安吖啶;贝曲布昔(bestrabucil);比生群;伊达曲沙(edatraxate);地磷酰胺(defofamine);秋水仙胺;地吖醌;依氟鸟氨酸(elfornithine);依利醋铵;埃博霉素(epothilone);依托格鲁;硝酸镓;羟基脲;香菇多糖;洛尼达宁(lonidainine);美登素类(maytansinoids),如美登素(maytansine)和安丝菌素(ansamitocin);米托胍腙;米托蒽醌;莫哌达醇(mopidanmol);根瘤菌剂(nitraerine);喷司他汀;蛋胺氮芥(phenamet);吡柔比星;洛索蒽醌(losoxantrone);鬼臼酸(podophyllinic acid);2-乙基酰肼;丙卡巴肼;多糖复合物(JHS自然产品公司(JHS Natural Products),尤金,俄勒冈州);丙亚胺;根霉素;西佐喃;锗螺胺;细交链孢菌酮酸;三亚胺醌;2,2’,2”-三氯三乙胺;单端孢霉烯类(特别是T-2毒素、疣孢霉素A(verracurin A)、杆孢菌素A(roridin A)和蛇形菌素(anguidine));乌拉坦(urethan);长春地辛;达卡巴嗪;甘露莫司汀;二溴甘露醇;二溴卫矛醇;哌泊溴烷;加赛特辛(gacytosine);阿拉伯糖苷(“Ara-C”);环磷酰胺;噻替派;6-硫鸟嘌呤;巯嘌呤;甲氨蝶呤;铂类似物,如顺铂和卡铂;长春花碱;依托泊苷(VP-16);异环磷酰胺;米托蒽醌;长春新碱;长春瑞滨诺安托(novantrone);替尼泊苷;依达曲沙(edatrexate);道诺霉素;氨基蝶呤;卡培他滨(罗氏公司(Roche));伊班膦酸盐;CPT-11;拓扑异构酶抑制剂RFS 2000;二氟甲基鸟氨酸(DMFO);维甲酸,例如视黄酸;以及任何上述的药学上可接受的盐、酸和衍生物。
“化学治疗剂”的定义中还包括:(i)作用以调节或抑制激素对肿瘤的作用的抗激素剂,如抗雌激素药和选择性雌激素受体调节剂(SERM),包括例如他莫昔芬(包括枸橼酸他莫昔芬)、雷洛昔芬(raloxifene)、屈洛昔芬(droloxifene)、4-羟基他莫昔芬(4-hydroxytamoxifen)、曲沃昔芬(trioxifene)、雷洛西芬(keoxifene)、LY117018、奥那司酮(onapristone)、和(枸橼酸托米芬(toremifinecitrate));(ii)抑制酶芳香化酶的芳香化酶抑制剂,其调节肾上腺中的雌激素产生,如例如4(5)-咪唑类、氨鲁米特、(醋酸甲地孕酮(megestrol acetate))、(依西美坦(exemestane);辉瑞公司)、福美司坦(formestanie)、法倔唑(fadrozole)、(伏氯唑(vorozole))、(来曲唑(letrozole);诺华股份有限公司),和(阿那曲唑(anastrozole);阿斯利康公司);(iii)抗雄激素药,如氟他胺(flutamide)、尼鲁米特(nilutamide)、比卡鲁胺(bicalutamide)、亮丙瑞林(leuprolide)和戈舍瑞林(goserelin);以及曲沙他滨(troxacitabine)(1,3-二氧戊环核苷胞嘧啶类似物);(iv)蛋白激酶抑制剂,如MEK抑制剂(WO 2007/044515);(v)脂质激酶抑制剂;(vi)反义寡核苷酸,特别是抑制与异常细胞增殖有关的信号传导途径中的基因表达的寡核苷酸,例如,PKC-α、Raf和H-Ras,例如奥利默森(oblimersen)(Genta公司(Genta Inc.));(vii)核酶,如VEGF表达抑制剂(例如)和HER2表达抑制剂;(viii)疫苗,如基因疗法疫苗,例如 和rIL-2;拓扑异构酶1抑制剂,如rmRH;(ix)抗血管生成剂,如贝伐赛珠单抗(bevacizumab)(基因技术公司);以及任何上述的药学上可接受的盐、酸和衍生物。
在“化学治疗剂”的定义中还包括治疗性抗体,如阿仑妥珠单抗(alemtuzumab)(坎帕斯(Campath))、贝伐赛珠单抗(bevacizumab)(基因技术公司);塞妥昔单抗(cetuximab)(英克隆公司(Imclone));帕尼妥木单抗(panitumumab)(美商安进公司(Amgen))、瑞妥昔单抗(rituximab)(基因技术公司/百健艾迪公司(Biogen Idec))、珀妥珠单抗(pertuzumab)(OMNITARGTM,2C4,基因技术公司)、曲妥珠单抗(trastuzumab)(基因技术公司)、托司妥莫单抗(tositumomab)(Bexxar,Corixia)、和抗体药物缀合物、奥-吉妥珠单抗(gemtuzumabozogamicin)(惠氏公司)。
与本发明的缀合物组合的具有作为化学治疗剂的治疗潜力的人源化单克隆抗体包括:阿仑妥珠单抗(alemtuzumab)、阿珀利珠单抗(apolizumab)、阿瑟利珠单抗(aselizumab)、那他珠单抗(atlizumab)、巴匹奈珠单抗(bapineuzumab)、贝伐赛珠单抗(bevacizumab)、莫星-比伐珠单抗(bivatuzumab mertansine)、莫星-坎妥珠单抗(cantuzumab mertansine)、西利珠单抗(cedelizumab)、培戈-瑟托利珠单抗(certolizumab pegol)、cidfusituzumab、cidtuzumab、达克利珠单抗(daclizumab)、依库利珠单抗(eculizumab)、依法利珠单抗(efalizumab)、依普妥珠单抗(epratuzumab)、厄利珠单抗(erlizumab)、泛维珠单抗(felvizumab)、芳托利珠单抗(fontolizumab)、奥-吉妥珠单抗、奥-艾诺妥珠单抗(inotuzumab ozogamicin)、艾匹利木单抗(ipilimumab)、拉贝妥珠单抗(labetuzumab)、林妥珠单抗(lintuzumab)、马妥珠单抗(matuzumab)、美珀利珠单抗(mepolizumab)、莫他韦珠单抗(motavizumab)、motovizumab、那他利珠单抗(natalizumab)、尼莫妥珠单抗(nimotuzumab)、诺洛维珠单抗(nolovizumab)、努马维珠单抗(numavizumab)、奥瑞利珠单抗(ocrelizumab)、奥玛利珠单抗(omalizumab)、帕利韦珠单抗(palivizumab)、帕考利珠单抗(pascolizumab)、pecfusituzumab、帕妥珠单抗(pectuzumab)、珀妥珠单抗、培塞利珠单抗(pexelizumab)、ralivizumab、雷尼比珠单抗(ranibizumab)、瑞利珠单抗(reslivizumab)、瑞司利珠单抗(reslizumab)、resyvizumab、洛维利珠单抗(rovelizumab)、卢普利珠单抗(ruplizumab)、西洛珠单抗(sibrotuzumab)、西普利珠单抗(siplizumab)、索土珠单抗(sontuzumab)、泰坦-他珠单抗(tacatuzumabtetraxetan)、他多赛珠单抗(tadocizumab)、他利珠单抗(talizumab)、特非巴珠单抗(tefibazumab)、托西利珠单抗(tocilizumab)、托雷利珠单抗(toralizumab)、曲妥珠单抗(trastuzumab)、西莫白介素单抗(tucotuzumab celmoleukin)、tucusituzumab、umavizumab、厄托萨珠单抗(urt氧杂zumab)、和威司利珠单抗(visilizumab)。
配制品
尽管可以单独使用(例如施用)缀合物,但是通常优选将其以组合物或配制品形式存在。
在一个实施例中,该组合物是药物组合物(例如,配制品、制剂、药剂),该组合物包含本文所述的缀合物和药学上可接受的载体、稀释剂或赋形剂。
在一个实施例中,该组合物是药物组合物,该药物组合物包含至少一种本文所述的缀合物以及本领域技术人员熟知的一种或多种其他药学上可接受的成分,这些成分包括但不限于药学上可接受的载体、稀释剂、赋形剂、佐剂、填充剂、缓冲液、防腐剂、抗氧化剂、润滑剂、稳定剂、增溶剂、表面活性剂(例如湿润剂)、掩蔽剂、着色剂、调味剂和甜味剂。
在一个实施例中,该组合物进一步包含其他活性剂,例如其他治疗剂或预防剂。
合适的载体、稀释剂、赋形剂等可以在标准药物文献中找到。参见,例如,Handbook of Pharmaceutical Additives[药物添加剂手册],第2版(M.Ash和I.Ash编辑),2001(突触信息资源公司(Synapse Information Resources,Inc.),美国纽约恩迪考特(Endicott,New York,USA)),Remington′s Pharmaceutical Sciences[雷明顿药物科学],第20版,pub.Lippincott,Williams&Wilkins[利平科特,威廉斯和威尔金斯出版公司],2000;和Handbook of Pharmaceutical Excipients[药物赋形剂手册],第2版,1994。
本发明的另一个方面涉及制备药物组合物的方法,这些方法包括将至少一种如本文定义的[11C]-放射性标记的缀合物或缀合物样的化合物,与本领域技术人员熟知的一种或多种其他药学上可接受的成分(例如载体、稀释剂、赋形剂等)混合。如果配制为离散的单位(例如,片剂等),则每个单位含有预定量(剂量)的活性化合物。
如本文所使用的,术语“药学上可接受的”涉及化合物、成分、材料、组合物、剂型等,其在合理的医学判断范围内适于与讨论的受试者(例如人)的组织接触,没有过度的毒性、刺激、过敏反应或其他问题或并发症,与合理的获益/风险比相当。在与配制品的其他成分相容的意义上,每种载体、稀释剂、赋形剂等也必须是“可接受的”。
可以通过药学领域中熟知的任何方法来制备配制品。这样的方法包括使活性化合物与构成一种或多种辅助成分的载体缔合的步骤。通常,通过将活性化合物与载体(例如液体载体、细分的固体载体等)均匀且紧密地缔合在一起,然后根据需要使产品成型来制备配制品。
该配制品可以被制备为提供快速或缓慢释放;立即、延迟、定时或持续释放;或其组合。
适用于肠胃外施用(例如通过注射)的配制品包括水性或非水性、等渗、无热原的无菌液体(例如溶液、悬浮液),其中活性成分被溶解、悬浮或以其他方式提供(例如,在脂质体或其他微粒物中)。此类液体可另外含有其他药学上可接受的成分,如抗氧化剂、缓冲液、防腐剂、稳定剂、抑菌剂、助悬剂、增稠剂和溶质,这些可使配制品与预期接受者的血液(或其他相关体液)等渗。赋形剂的实例包括例如水、醇、多元醇、甘油、植物油等。用于此类配制品的合适的等渗载体的实例包括氯化钠注射液、林格氏溶液或乳酸林格氏注射液。通常,液体中活性成分的浓度为从约1ng/ml至约10μg/ml,例如从约10ng/ml至约1μg/ml。该配制品可以存在于单位剂量或多剂量密封的容器(例如安瓿和小瓶)中,并且可以在冷冻干燥(冻干)条件下储存,仅需要在使用前(即刻)添加无菌液体载体(例如水)用于注射。临时注射溶液和悬浮液可以由无菌粉末、颗粒和片剂制备。
剂量
本领域技术人员将认识到,缀合物、以及包含缀合物的组合物的适当剂量可因患者而异。测定最佳剂量通常将涉及治疗有益效果水平与任何风险或有害副作用的平衡。所选剂量水平将取决于多种因素,这些因素包括但不限于特定化合物的活性,施用途径,施用时间,化合物的排泄速率,治疗持续时间,其他组合使用的药物、化合物和/或材料,病症的严重性,以及患者的人种、性别、年龄、体重、病症、总体健康和先前病史。化合物的量和施用途径最终将由医师、兽医或临床医生决定,尽管通常将选择剂量以达到作用部位的局部浓度,以达到所需的作用而不会引起实质性的有害或有毒副作用。
可以在整个治疗过程中以一剂量连续或间歇地(例如,在适当的间隔分次给药)进行施用。确定最有效的施用方式和剂量的方法是本领域技术人员熟知的,并且将根据用于治疗的配制品、治疗的目的、所治疗的一种或多种靶细胞和所治疗的受试者而变化。可以通过治疗医师、兽医或临床医生选择的剂量水平和模式进行单次或多次施用。
通常,活性化合物的合适剂量为每天每千克受试者体重约100ng至约25mg的范围内(更通常为约1μg至约10mg)。当活性化合物是盐、酯、酰胺、前药等时,其施用量是基于亲本化合物计算的,因此要使用的实际重量成比例地增加。
上述剂量可以应用于缀合物,或者应用于在切割接头后可释放的有效量的化合物。
为了预防或治疗疾病,本发明ADC的合适剂量将取决于如上文所定义的待治疗的疾病类型、疾病的严重程度和病程、分子是出于预防或治疗目的而施用、先前的疗法、患者的临床病史和对抗体的反应以及主治医师的判断力。该分子可以一次或通过一系列治疗适当地施用于患者。取决于疾病的类型和严重程度,约1μg/kg至100mg/kg或更多的分子是用于向患者施用的初始候选剂量,例如通过一次或多次单独施用或连续输注。对于几天或更长的重复施用,取决于病症,持续进行治疗直至出现疾病症状的所希望的遏制。其他剂量方案可以是有用的。通过常规技术和测定容易监测该疗法的进展。
药物负载
药物负载是每配体单元的平均药物数量,该配体单元可以是细胞结合剂,例如抗体。
来自缀合反应的ADC制剂中每个抗体的平均药物数量可以通过常规方式进行表征,这些方式例如UV、反相HPLC、HIC、质谱、ELISA测定和电泳。也可以确定依据p的ADC的定量分布。通过ELISA,可以确定特定ADC制剂中p的平均值(Hamblett等人(2004)Clin.CancerRes.[临床癌症研究]10:7063-7070;Sanderson等人(2005)Clin.Cancer Res.[临床癌症研究]11:843-852)。然而,通过ELISA的抗体-抗原结合和检测限制不能辨别p(药物)值的分布。而且,用于检测抗体-药物缀合物的ELISA测定不能确定药物部分在何处附接至抗体,例如重链或轻链片段或特定的氨基酸残基。在一些情况下,均质ADC的分离、纯化和表征可通过例如反相HPLC或电泳的方法实现,其中p是来自其他药物负载的ADC的某个值。此类技术也适用于其他类型的缀合物。
对于一些抗体-药物缀合物,p可能受到抗体上附接位点数量的限制。例如,抗体可以仅具有一个或几个半胱氨酸硫醇基团,或者可以仅具有一个或几个足够反应性的硫醇基团,可以通过所述基团附接接头。较高的药物负载可能导致某些抗体-药物缀合物的聚集、不溶性、毒性或细胞通透性的丧失。
通常,在缀合反应期间,与抗体缀合的药物部分少于理论最大值。抗体可以含有例如许多不与药物接头反应的赖氨酸残基。仅最具反应性的赖氨酸基团可与胺反应性接头试剂反应。而且,仅最具反应性的半胱氨酸硫醇基团可以与硫醇反应性接头试剂反应。通常,抗体不含有许多(如果有的话)可与药物部分连接的游离和反应性半胱氨酸硫醇基团。化合物的抗体中的大多数半胱氨酸硫醇残基以二硫桥形式存在,必须在部分或全部还原条件下用还原剂(如二硫苏糖醇(DTT)或TCEP)还原。ADC的负载(药物/抗体比)可以通过几种不同的方式进行控制,包括:(i)限制相对于抗体的摩尔过量的药物接头,(ii)限制缀合反应时间或温度,以及(iii)半胱氨酸硫醇修饰的部分或限制性还原条件。
某些抗体具有可还原的链间二硫键,即半胱氨酸桥。通过用还原剂例如DTT(二硫苏糖醇)处理,可使抗体具有反应性以与接头试剂进行缀合。因此,每个半胱氨酸桥理论上将形成两个反应性硫醇亲核体。通过赖氨酸与2-亚氨基硫烷(尤特奇试剂(Traut′sreagent))反应,可以将另外的亲核基团引入抗体,从而导致胺转化为硫醇。可通过对一个、两个、三个、四个或更多个半胱氨酸残基进行工程化(例如,制备包含一个或多个非天然半胱氨酸氨基酸残基的突变抗体),将反应性硫醇基团引入抗体(或其片段)。US 7521541教导了通过引入反应性半胱氨酸氨基酸对抗体进行工程化。
半胱氨酸氨基酸可在抗体的反应位点被工程化,并且不形成链内或分子间二硫键(Junutula等人,2008b Nature Biotech.[自然生物技术],26(8):925-932;Dornan等人(2009)Blood[血液]114(13):2721-2729;US 7521541;US 7723485;WO 2009/052249)。工程化的半胱氨酸硫醇可以与具有硫醇反应性的亲电基团如马来酰亚胺或α-卤代酰胺的本发明的药物接头(即具有式I)反应,以形成具有半胱氨酸工程化的抗体的ADC。因此,可以设计、控制和已知药物单元的位置。由于工程化的半胱氨酸硫醇基团通常以高产率与药物接头试剂反应,因此可以控制药物负载。通过在重链或轻链上的单个位点处进行取代而对IgG抗体进行工程化以引入半胱氨酸氨基酸,从而在对称抗体上给出了两个新的半胱氨酸。可以达到药物负载接近4,其中缀合产物ADC接近均质性。
当抗体的一个以上亲核或亲电基团与药物接头反应,然后所得产物可以是ADC化合物的混合物,其中附接在抗体上的药物单元分布为例如2、4、6等。液相色谱法(如聚合反相(PLRP)和疏水相互作用(HIC))可以通过药物负载值来分离混合物中的化合物。可以分离具有单个药物负载值(p)的ADC的制剂,但是,这些单个负载值ADC仍可能是异质混合物,因为药物单元可以经由接头附接到抗体上的不同位点。
因此,本发明的抗体-药物缀合物组合物可以包括抗体-药物缀合物的混合物,其中抗体具有一个或多个药物部分,并且其中药物部分可以在各种氨基酸残基处附接至抗体。
在一个实施例中,每种细胞结合剂的平均药物接头数量在1至20的范围内。在一些实施例中,该范围选自1至10、2至10、2至8、2至6、以及4至10。
在一些实施例中,每种细胞结合剂有两种药物。
一般合成途径
其中X1和X2是相同的具有式I的化合物,可以在酰胺偶联条件下,通过使具有式2的化合物:
与两当量的具有式3的化合物:
一起反应来合成。
当X1和X2不同,可以使用适当的保护化学分别构建接头的每个臂。
具有式3的化合物可以从具有式4的化合物:
通过连接化合物HQH,或其受保护的形式来合成。这样的反应可以在酰胺偶联条件下进行。
具有式4的化合物可以通过具有式5的化合物:
其中ProtN是胺保护基团的脱保护来合成。
具有式5的化合物可以通过具有式6的化合物:
与化合物A3的偶联,使用弗里德兰德反应(Friedlander reaction)合成。
具有式6的化合物的合成在实例中所述。
胺保护基团
胺保护基团是本领域技术人员熟知的。特别参考以下文献中的合适的保护基团的披露内容:Greene’s Protecting Groups in Organic Synthesis[有机合成中的格林氏保护基团],第四版,John Wiley&Sons[约翰威利父子公司],2007(ISBN 978-0-471-69754-1),第696-871页。
进一步的偏好
以下偏好可以应用于如上所述的本发明的所有方面,或者可以涉及单个方面。这些偏好能以任何组合被组合在一起。
QX
在一个实施例中,Q是氨基酸残基。氨基酸可以是天然氨基酸或非天然氨基酸。
在一个实施例中,Q选自:Phe、Lys、Val、Ala、Cit、Leu、Ile、Arg、和Trp,其中Cit是瓜氨酸。
在一个实施例中,Q包含二肽残基。二肽中的氨基酸可以是天然氨基酸和非天然氨基酸的任何组合。在一些实施例中,二肽包含天然氨基酸。当接头是组织蛋白酶不稳定接头时,二肽是组织蛋白酶介导的切割的作用位点。然后,二肽是组织蛋白酶的识别位点。
在一个实施例中,Q选自:
NH-Phe-Lys-C=O、
NH-Val-Ala-C=O、
NH-Val-Lys-C=O、
NH-Ala-Lys-C=O、
NH-Val-Cit-C=O、
NH-Phe-Cit-C=O、
NH-Leu-Cit-C=O、
NH-Ile-Cit-C=O、
NH-Phe-Arg-C=O、
NH-Trp-Cit-C=O、和
NH-Gly-Val-C=O;
其中Cit是瓜氨酸。在以上二肽残基的表示中,NH表示残基的N-末端,并且-C=O表示残基的C-末端。C-末端结合A*的NH。
优选地,Q选自:
NH-Phe-Lys-C=O、
NH-Val-Ala-C=O、
NH-Val-Lys-C=O、
NH-Ala-Lys-C=O、和
NH-Val-Cit-C=O。
最优选地,Q选自NH-Phe-Lys-C=O、NH-Val-Cit-C=O或NH-Val-Ala-C=O。
其他感兴趣的二肽组合包括:
NH-Gly-Gly-C=O、
NH-Gly-Val-C=O
NH-Pro-Pro-C=O、和
NH-Val-Glu-C=O。
可以使用其他二肽组合,包括由Dubowchik等人,Bioconjugate Chemistry[生物缀合化学],2002,13,855-869描述的那些,将其通过引用并入本文。
在一些实施例中,Q是三肽残基。三肽中的氨基酸可以是天然氨基酸和非天然氨基酸的任何组合。在一些实施例中,三肽包含天然氨基酸。当接头是组织蛋白酶不稳定接头时,三肽是组织蛋白酶介导的切割的作用位点。然后,三肽是组织蛋白酶的识别位点。特别感兴趣的三肽接头是:
NH-Glu-Val-Ala-C=O
NH-Glu-Val-Cit-C=O
NH-αGlu-Val-Ala-C=O
NH-αGlu-Val-Cit-C=O
在一些实施例中,Q是四肽残基。四肽中的氨基酸可以是天然氨基酸和非天然氨基酸的任何组合。在一些实施例中,四肽包含天然氨基酸。当接头是组织蛋白酶不稳定接头时,四肽是组织蛋白酶介导的切割的作用位点。然后,四肽是组织蛋白酶的识别位点。特别感兴趣的四肽接头是:
NH-Gly-Gly-Phe-GlyC=O;以及
NH-Gly-Phe-Gly-GlyC=O。
在一些实施例中,四肽是:
NH-Gly-Gly-Phe-GlyC=O。
在一个实施例中,在适当的情况下,氨基酸侧链被化学保护。侧链保护基团可以是如上所论述的基团。被保护的氨基酸序列可被酶切割。例如,包含Boc侧链保护的Lys残基的二肽序列可被组织蛋白酶切割。
氨基酸侧链的保护基团是本领域熟知的,并且描述于Novabiochem公司目录中,并且如上所述。
GL
GL可以选自
其中Ar表示C5-6亚芳基基团,例如亚苯基,且X表示C1-4烷基。
在一些实施例中,GL选自GL1-1和GL1-2。在这些实施例的一些中,GL是GL1-1。
GLL
GLL可以选自:
其中Ar表示C5-6亚芳基基团,例如亚苯基,且X表示C1-4烷基。
在一些实施例中,GLL选自GLL1-1和GLL1-2。在这些实施例的一些中,GLL是GLL1-1。
在一些实施例中,X3是-CH2-。
在其他实施例中,X3是-C(=O)-。
在一些实施例中,当X3是-C(=O)-时,优选的是,d1+d2+e≠0。
e可以是0、1、2、3、4、5、6、7、8、9、10、11、12、13、14、15或16。在一些实施例中,e是0至12。在这些实施例的一些中,e是0至8,并且可以是0、2、4或8。在这些实施例的一些中,e是2。在这些实施例的另一些中,e是0。
d1可以是0、1、2、3、4或5。在一些实施例中,d1是0至3。在这些实施例的一些中,d1是1或2。在另外的实施例中,d1是2。
d2可以是0、1、2、3、4或5。在一些实施例中,d2是0至3。在这些实施例的一些中,d2是1或2。在另外的实施例中,d2是2。在其他实施例中,d2是0。
在一些实施例中,d1+d2是0至5。在一些实施例中,d1+d2是0至3。在这些实施例的一些中,d1+d2是1或2。在另外的实施例中,d1+d2是2。
X1/X2
每个b1可以是0、1、2、3、4、5、6、7、8、9、10、11、12、13、14、15或16。在一些实施例中,b1是0至12。在这些实施例的一些中,b1是0至8,并且可以是0、2、3、4、5或8。在这些实施例的一些中,b1是2。
每个b2可以是0、1、2、3、4、5、6、7、8、9、10、11、12、13、14、15或16。在一些实施例中,b2是0至12。在这些实施例的一些中,b2是0至8,并且可以是0、2、3、4、5或8。在这些实施例的一些中,b2是2。
b1和b2中只有一个可以不是0。
每个a可以是0、1、2、3、4或5。在一些实施例中,a是0至3。在这些实施例的一些中,a是0或1。在另外的实施例中,a是0。
在X1和X2的一些实施例中,a是0并且b是2。
在一些实施例中,Y是H。在其他实施例中,Y是F。
在一些实施例中,X1和X2是相同的。
c1可以是0、1、2、3、4或5。在一些实施例中,c1是0至3。在这些实施例的一些中,c1是1或2。在另外的实施例中,c1是2。
c2可以是0、1、2、3、4或5。在一些实施例中,c2是0至3。在这些实施例的一些中,c2是1或2。在另外的实施例中,c2是2。
在一些实施例中,c1和c2是相同的。
在一些实施例中,e+b1或b2的最大值可以不超过16。在这些实施例的一些中,e+b1或b2的最大值可以不超过8。
在一些实施例中,每个a是0,每个b1是0,每个b2是2,c1是2,c2=2,X3=-C(=O)-,d1是2,d2是0并且e是0。在这些实施例的一些中,Q是NH-Val-Ala-C=O。
在本发明的第五方面的一些实施例中,对映异构体富集形式的对映异构体比率大于60∶40、70∶30;80∶20或90∶10。在另外的实施例中,对映异构体比率大于95∶5、97∶3或99∶1。
实例
使用IsoleraTM进行快速色谱,并使用薄层色谱(TLC)检查级分的纯度。使用Merck Kieselgel 60 F254硅胶(铝板上带有荧光指示剂)进行TLC。除非另有说明,否则使用UV光或碘蒸气实现TLC可视化。
从英国VWR或英国世尔科技公司(Fisher Scientific,U.K.)购买了萃取和色谱溶剂,并且无需进一步纯化即可使用。
除非另有说明,否则所有精细化学品均购自西格玛奥德里奇公司(Sigma-Aldrich)、兰卡斯特公司(Lancaster)或BDH公司。
LC/MS条件
方法A
使用Waters Aquity H级SQD2进行正模式电喷雾质谱分析。
使用的流动相是溶剂A(含0.1%甲酸的水)和溶剂B(含0.1%甲酸的乙腈)。初始组分5%B经25秒保持不变,然后经1分钟35秒的时间从5%B增加到100%B。该组分在100%B保持50秒,然后在5秒内恢复到5%B,并这样保持5秒。梯度运行的总持续时间为3.0分钟。流速是0.8mL/分钟。在254nm处进行检测。柱:Waters AcquityBEH Shield RP181.7μm2.1x50mm,在50℃下,装有Waters AcquityBEH Shield RP18 VanGuard前置柱,130A,1.7μm,2.1mm x 5mm。
方法B
使用水(A)(甲酸0.1%)和乙腈(B)(甲酸0.1%)的流动相运行HPLC(WatersAlliance 2695)。
初始组分5%B经25秒保持不变,然后经1分钟35秒的时间从5%B增加到100%B。该组分在100%B保持50秒,然后在5秒内恢复到5%B,并这样保持5秒。梯度运行的总持续时间为3.0分钟。流速是0.8mL/分钟。波长检测范围:190至800nm。柱:Waters AcquityBEH Shield RP18 1.7μm 2.1x50mm,在50℃下,装有Waters AcquityBEH ShieldRP18 VanGuard前置柱,130A,1.7μm,2.1mm x 5mm。
方法C
使用水(A)(甲酸0.1%)和乙腈(B)(甲酸0.1%)的流动相运行HPLC(WatersAlliance 2695)。
初始组分5%B经1分钟保持不变,然后经9分钟的时间从5%B增加到100%B。该组分在100%B保持2分钟,然后在0.10分钟恢复到5%B,并这样保持3min。总梯度运行时间等于15min。流速0.6mL/min。波长检测范围:190至800nm。柱温箱温度:50℃。柱:ACE Excel 2C18-AR,2μ,3.0x100mm。
HPLC条件
反相超快速高效液相色谱(UFLC)在岛津公司(Shimadzu)ProminenceTM机器上使用PhenomenexTM Gemini NX 5u C18柱(在50℃下)(尺寸:150x21.2mm)进行。使用的洗脱液是溶剂A(含0.1%甲酸的H2O)和溶剂B(含0.1%甲酸的CH3CN)。所有UFLC实验均在以下梯度条件下进行:初始组分13%B经3分钟的时间增加到30%B,然后经8分钟增加到45%B并且再经6分钟到100%,然后经2min恢复到13%并维持1min。梯度运行的总持续时间为20.0分钟。流速为20.0mL/分钟,并在254和223nm处检测。
NMR方法
使用Bruker AV400在400MHz的δ级上测量质子NMR化学位移值。已使用以下缩写:s,单峰;d,二重峰;t,三重峰;q,四重峰;quin,五重峰;m,多重峰;br,宽峰。耦合常数以Hz为单位。
关键中间体的合成
a)N-(5,6,7,8-四氢萘-1-基)乙酰胺(I2)
将5,6,7,8-四氢萘-1-胺I1(8.54g,58.0mmol)溶解于二氯甲烷(80mL)中。添加三乙胺(18mL,129mmol)并将混合物冷却至0℃。逐滴添加乙酸酐(11.5mL,122mmol),添加完成后,将反应混合物升温至室温并搅拌45min,随后LCMS表明反应完成。将混合物用CH2Cl2稀释,用H2O、饱和NaHCO3、10%柠檬酸洗涤,将有机相经MgSO4干燥并在真空中浓缩。将灰白色固体与1∶3 Et2O/异己烷一起研磨,以得到呈白色固体的I2(10.8g,57.1mmol,98%产率),无需进一步纯化即使用。LC/MS(方法A):保留时间1.44min(ES+)m/z 190[M+H]+。
b)N-(4-硝基-5,6,7,8-四氢萘-1-基)乙酰胺(I3)
在-5℃下,将N-(5,6,7,8-四氢萘-1-基)乙酰胺I2(1.00g,5.2840mmol)分批添加至硫酸(15mL,281mmol)中。将硝酸钠(450mg,5.2945mmol)分批添加至反应混合物中,并在-5℃下搅拌30min,随后LCMS表明无另外的反应进展。将反应混合物在外部冷却下倒入冰中,将水性混合物用CH2Cl2萃取,将有机相经MgSO4干燥并通过Isolera(10%-80%EtOAc于异己烷中)纯化,以得到呈白色/黄色固体的N-(4-硝基-5,6,7,8-四氢萘-1-基)乙酰胺I3和N-(2-硝基-5,6,7,8-四氢萘-1-基)乙酰胺的混合物(956mg,4.0811mmol,77%产率)。LC/MS(方法A):保留时间1.53min(ES+)m/z 235[M+H]+。
c)N-(4-硝基-8-氧代-5,6,7,8-四氢萘-1-基)乙酰胺(I4)
将N-(4-硝基-5,6,7,8-四氢萘-1-基)乙酰胺I3(1.01g,4.31mmol)溶解于丙酮(30mL)中。添加于水中的硫酸镁(3.9mL,5.9mmol,1.5mol/L),并将混合物冷却至0℃。将高锰酸钾(2.07g,13.0mmol)分批添加至反应混合物并将混合物升温至rt并搅拌50min,随后TLC表明反应完成。将反应混合物通过硅藻土过滤,将固体用CHCl3洗涤并将所得有机混合物用H2O、盐水洗涤,经MgSO4干燥并通过isolera(20%-50%EtOAc于异己烷中)纯化,以得到呈白色/黄色固体的N-(4-硝基-8-氧代-5,6,7,8-四氢萘-1-基)乙酰胺14和N-(2-硝基-8-氧代-5,6,7,8-四氢萘-1-基)乙酰胺的混合物(709mg,2.86mmol,66%)。LC/MS(方法A):保留时间1.44min(ES+)m/z 190[M+H]+。
d)8-氨基-5-硝基-3,4-二氢萘-1(2H)-酮(I5)
将N-(4-硝基-8-氧代-5,6,7,8-四氢萘-1-基)乙酰胺I4和N-(2-硝基-8-氧代-5,6,7,8-四氢萘-1-基)乙酰胺的混合物(709mg,2.8561mmol)和6N盐酸(7mL)在80℃下搅拌2.5h,随后LCMS表明反应完成。将反应混合物在冰浴中冷却,并添加6N NaOH溶液直至pH为碱性。将水性混合物用CH2Cl2萃取,将有机相经MgSO4干燥并在真空中浓缩。Isolera(0%-50%EtOAc于异己烷中)得到呈黄色/橙色固体的8-氨基-5-硝基-3,4-二氢萘-1(2H)-酮I5(320mg,1.552mmol,54%产率)。LC/MS(方法A):保留时间1.54min(ES+)m/z 207[M+H]+
e)2,2,2-三氟-N-(4-硝基-8-氧代-5,6,7,8-四氢萘-1-基)乙酰胺(I6)
将8-氨基-5-硝基-3,4-二氢萘-1(2H)-酮I5(430mg,2.0854mmol)溶解于二氯甲烷(20mL)中。添加吡啶(340μL,4.20mmol)并将混合物冷却至0℃。添加三氟乙酸酐(590μL,4.197mmol)并搅拌30min,随后LCMS表明反应完成。将混合物用CH2Cl2稀释,用H2O洗涤,将有机相经MgSO4干燥并在真空中浓缩,以得到呈黄色固体的2,2,2-三氟-N-(4-硝基-8-氧代-5,6,7,8-四氢萘-1-基)乙酰胺I6(630mg,2.0846mmol,>99%产率),将其无需进一步纯化即使用。LC/MS(方法A):保留时间1.86min(ES+)m/z 301X[M-H]-
f)N-(4-氨基-8-氧代-5,6,7,8-四氢萘-1-基)-2,2,2-三氟乙酰胺(I7)
将锌(2.73g,41.7mmol)悬浮于甲醇(80mL)、甲酸(4mL)和水(4mL)中,并将混合物冷却至0℃。分批添加2,2,2-三氟-N-(4-硝基-8-氧代-5,6,7,8-四氢萘-1-基)乙酰胺I6(568mg,2.0865mmol)并将混合物在0℃下搅拌30分钟,随后LCMS表明反应完成。将反应混合物过滤,将滤液用EtOAc稀释并用饱和NaHCO3洗涤。将有机相经MgSO4干燥并在真空中浓缩,以得到呈黄色固体的N-(4-氨基-8-氧代-5,6,7,8-四氢萘-1-基)-2,2,2-三氟乙酰胺I7(568mg,2.0865mmol,>99%产率),将其无需进一步纯化即使用。LC/MS(方法A):保留时间1.65min(ES+)m/z 273[M+H]+
g)N-(4-乙酰胺基-8-氧代-5,6,7,8-四氢萘-1-基)-2,2,2-三氟乙酰胺(I8)
将N-(8-氨基-4-氧代-四氢化萘-5-基)-2,2,2-三氟-乙酰胺I7(568mg,2.0865mmol)溶解于二氯甲烷(20mL)中。添加三乙胺(580μL,4.16mmol)然后添加乙酰氯(297μL,4.173mmol),并将混合物搅拌30min,随后LCMS表明反应完成。将反应混合物用CH2Cl2稀释,用H2O洗涤,将有机相经MgSO4干燥并在真空中浓缩以得到呈黄色固体的N-(8-乙酰胺基-4-氧代-四氢化萘-5-基)-2,2,2-三氟-乙酰胺I8(655mg,2.084mmol,>99%产率),将其无需进一步纯化即使用。LC/MS(方法A):保留时间1.55min(ES+)m/z 315[M+H]+
h)N-(4-氨基-5-氧代-5,6,7,8-四氢萘-1-基)乙酰胺(I9)
将N-(8-乙酰胺基-4-氧代-四氢化萘-5-基)-2,2,2-三氟-乙酰胺I8(2.77g,8.81mmol)溶解于甲醇(240mL)和水(17mL)中。添加碳酸钾(4.88g,35.3mmol)并将混合物在50℃下搅拌1.5h,随后LCMS表明反应完成。将反应混合物冷却,在真空中浓缩,溶解于在CH2Cl2中的10%MeOH中,并用H2O洗涤。将有机相经MgSO4干燥并通过isolera色谱(2%-15%MeOH于CH2Cl2中的溶液)纯化,以得到呈黄色固体的N-(8-氨基-1-氧代-四氢化萘-5-基)乙酰胺I9(1.20g,5.50mmol,62.3%产率)。LC/MS(方法A):保留时间0.98min(ES+)m/z 219[M+H]+
i)(S)-N-(9-乙基-9-羟基-10,13-二氧代-2,3,9,10,13,15-六氢-1H,12H-苯并[de]吡喃并[3′,4′:6,7]吲哚嗪并(indolizino)[1,2-b]喹啉-4-基)乙酰胺(I10)
将N-(8-氨基-1-氧代-四氢化萘-5-基)乙酰胺I9(641mg,2.94mmol,1.0当量)、(S)-4-乙基-4-羟基-7,8-二氢-1H-吡喃并[3,4-f]吲哚嗪-3,6,10(4H)-三酮A3(840mg,3.19mmol,1.1当量)和PPTS(740mg,2.95mmol,1.0当量)溶解于甲苯(60mL)中并在回流下搅拌3h,随后LCMS表明I9已经被消耗。将反应混合物冷却并且在真空中浓缩。将所得固体与乙腈、然后与丙酮一起研磨,以得到呈棕色固体的I10,伴随轻微的TsOH污染(1.26g,96%)。LC/MS(方法A):保留时间1.32min(ES+)m/z 447[M+H]+
j)(S)-4-氨基-9-乙基-9-羟基-1,2,3,9,12,15-六氢-10H,13H-苯并[de]吡喃并[3′,4′:6,7]吲哚嗪并[1,2-b]喹啉-10,13-二酮(I11)
将(S)-N-(9-乙基-9-羟基-10,13-二氧代-2,3,9,10,13,15-六氢-1H,12H-苯并[de]吡喃并[3′,4′:6,7]吲哚嗪并[1,2-b]喹啉-4-基)乙酰胺(I10)(1.26g,2.83mmol,1.0当量)溶解于在H2O(12mL)中的盐酸(6mol/L)中,并将混合物在80℃下搅拌5h,随后LCMS表明I10已经被消耗。将反应混合物用H2O稀释并在真空中浓缩,以得到呈红色结晶固体的(S)-4-氨基-9-乙基-9-羟基-1,2,3,9,12,15-六氢-10H,13H-苯并[de]吡喃并[3′,4′:6,7]吲哚嗪并[1,2-b]喹啉-10,13-二酮I11(1.51g,2.85mmol,90质量%,101%产率)。LC/MS(方法A):保留时间1.36min(ES+)m/z 405[M+H]+。
a)6,8-二氟-5-硝基-1-四氢萘酮(I13)
在0℃下,向6,8-二氟-1-四氢萘酮I12的粉尘(15g,82.3mmol)中逐滴添加浓H2SO4(90mL)。在0℃下,向所得混合物中分批添加KNO3(8.2g,90.1mmol)。将反应混合物在0℃搅拌2h。将反应用冰-水(200mL)淬灭,并且然后用EtOAc(400mL x 3)萃取。将合并的有机层用NaHCO3水溶液(400mL)和盐水(400mL)洗涤,经无水MgSO4干燥,并减压浓缩。将残余物在硅胶上(石油醚/EtOAc=100∶1)通过柱色谱法纯化以提供化合物I13(8.1g,43%产率)。1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3):δppm 6.98(t,J=10.0Hz,1H),3.01-2.98(m,2H),2.72-2.68(m,2H),2.21-2.05(m,2H)。
b)5-氨基-6,8-二氟-1-四氢萘酮(I14)
向化合物I13(9.1g,39.6mmol)在EtOH/H2O(8∶1,270mL)中的混合物中添加NH4Cl(6.4g,0.12mol)和铁粉(17.6g,0.32mol)。将反应混合物在80℃搅拌2h。将反应混合物冷却至室温并过滤。将滤液在减压下浓缩。将残余物用水(50mL)稀释,并且然后用EtOAc(200mLx 3)萃取。将合并的有机层用盐水(200mL)洗涤,经无水MgSO4干燥,并在减压下浓缩。将残余物在硅胶上(石油醚/EtOAc=8∶1)通过柱色谱法纯化以提供化合物I14(7.3g,94%产率)。1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6):δppm 7.04(t,J=11.6Hz,1H),5.05(br s,2H),2.71-2.2.68(m,2H),2.5(m,2H),2.03-1.98(m,2H)。
c)5-乙酰氨基-6,8-二氟-1-四氢萘酮(I15)
在室温下,向化合物I14(7.3g,37mmol)和Et3N(4.5g,44.4mmol)在DCM(100mL)中的溶液中逐滴添加Ac2O(4.5g,44.4mmol)。将反应混合物在室温下搅拌过夜。将混合物减压浓缩。将残余物在硅胶上(DCM/MeOH=300∶1)通过柱色谱法纯化以提供化合物I15(5.3g,60%产率)。1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3):δppm 6.84(t,J=10Hz,1H),6.75(br s,1H),2.89-2.86(m,2H),2.66-2.63(m,2H),2.25(s,3H),2.10-2.06(m,2H)。
d)5-乙酰氨基-6-氟-8-氨基-1-四氢萘酮(I16)
在室温下,向化合物I15(5.2g,21.7mmol)在DMSO(50mL)中的溶液中添加25%NH4OH水溶液(80mL)。将反应混合物在130℃搅拌16h。将混合物冷却至室温,并且然后用EtOAc(200mL x 5)萃取。将合并的有机层用盐水(200mL)洗涤,经无水MgSO4干燥,并在减压下浓缩。将残余物在硅胶上(DCM/MeOH=100∶1)通过柱色谱法纯化以提供呈褐色固体的化合物I16(1.5g,30%产率)。1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6):δppm 9.16(s,1H),6.42(d,J=12.4Hz,1H),2.66(m,2H),2.55-2.48(m,2H),2.00(s,3H),1.88-1.85(m,2H)。
e)(S)-N-(9-乙基-5-氟-9-羟基-10,13-二氧代-2,3,9,10,13,15-六氢-lH,12H-苯并[de]吡喃并[3′,4′:6,7]吲哚嗪并[1,2-b]喹啉-4-基)乙酰胺I17
将化合物I16(150mg,0.635mmol)、168mg(0.638mmol)的(4S)-4-乙基-4-羟基-7,8-二氢-1H-吡喃并[3,4-f]吲哚嗪-3,6,10-三酮A3和168mg(0.668mmol)的对甲苯磺酸吡啶鎓在30mL无水甲苯中混合。配备有Dean-Stark分离器,将反应在130℃下加热持续4h。冷凝器里有水层。蒸发溶剂,并将残余物在14mL丙酮中沉淀并离心得到180mg呈褐色固体的所希望的产物。将烧瓶壁上的残余物用丙酮洗涤并收集得到60mg呈褐色固体的所希望的产物。粗产物I17的总产率为82%。LCMS(0.1%甲酸/乙腈)ESI[M+H]=464;1H NMR(400MHZ,DMSO-d6):所希望的产物的信号,δppm 9.77(s,1H),7.72(d,J=11.1Hz,1H),7.25(s,1H),5.36(s,2H),5.17(s,2H),3.09(t,J=5.5Hz,2H),2.91(t,J=5.5Hz,2H),2.22(s,1H),2.08(s,3H),1.96(m,2H),1.80(m,2H),0.81(t,J=7.3Hz,3H)。
f)(S)-4-氨基-9-乙基-5-氟-9-羟基-1,2,3,9,12,15-六氢-10H,13H-苯并[de]吡喃并[3′,4′:6,7]吲哚嗪并[1,2-b]喹啉-10,13-二酮I18
将60mg的粗化合物I17溶解在0.5mL的HCl(37%)中,并且在100℃下将反应在微波反应器中的密封管中进行1h。将溶剂蒸发,并且将残余物溶解在1mL的NMP中,并在Prep-HPLC上用在水中0.1%的TFA作为A溶剂和在乙腈中的0.1%的TFA作为B溶剂纯化。收集含有所希望的产物的级分并冷冻。冻干后,反应得到28mg(42%)的呈橙色固体的所希望的产物I18。LCMS(0.1%甲酸/乙腈)ESI[M+H]=422;1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6):δppm 7.56(d,J=12.4Hz,1H),7.14(s,1H),5.34(s,2H),5.10(s,2H),2.99(t,J=6.1Hz,2H),2.78(t,J=6.1Hz,2H),1.95(t,J=5.8Hz,2H),1.79(m,2H),1.40-1.00(m,3H),0.81(t,J=7.4Hz,3H)。
实例1
a)烯丙基((S)-3-甲基-1-氧代-1-(((S)-1-氧代-1-((5-氧代-4-(2,2,2-三氟乙酰胺基)-5,6,7,8-四氢萘-1-基)氨基)丙-2-基)氨基)丁-2-基)氨基甲酸酯(A1)
在25℃下,将DCC(6.54g,31.7mMol)和HOPO(3.36g,30.2mMol)添加至烯丙氧羰基-Val-Ala-OH(9.09g,31.7mmol)和I7(7.85g,28.8mMol)于CH2Cl2(300mL)中的溶液中。将所得混合物搅拌过夜。滤出反应期间形成的白色固体,并用冷的CH2Cl2洗涤。将滤液用水(150mL)和盐水(150mL)洗涤。将有机层经MgSO4干燥,过滤并蒸发。将粗产物通过硅胶色谱(Hex/EtOAc,60∶40)进行纯化。分离的产物A1被共洗脱的DCU(21.1g,140%产率)污染。LC/MS(方法B):ES+=1.81min,m/z 527.6[M+H]+。
b)烯丙基((S)-1-(((S)-1-((4-氨基-5-氧代-5,6,7,8-四氢萘-1-基)氨基)-1-氧代丙-2-基)氨基)-3-甲基-1-氧代丁-2-基)氨基甲酸酯(A2)
将保护的苯胺A1(18g,34.19mMol)溶解于MeOH和H2O 10∶1(165mL)的混合物中并添加K2CO3(10g,72.36mMol)。将混合物在50℃下搅拌直至完成。将混合物抽真空至几乎干燥并将残余物用CH2Cl2吸收并用H2O和盐水洗涤,然后经MgSO4干燥,过滤并蒸发。将粗产物通过硅胶色谱(CHCl3/MeOH,100%至7∶3)进行纯化。分离的产物A2被共洗脱的杂质(10.71g,73%产率)污染。LC/MS(方法B):ES+=1.46min,m/z 431.7[M+H]+。
c)烯丙基((S)-1-(((S)-1-(((S)-9-乙基-9-羟基-10,13-二氧代-2,3,9,10,13,15-六氢-1H,12H-苯并[de]吡喃并[3′,4′:6,7]吲哚嗪并[1,2-b]喹啉-4-基)氨基)-1-氧代丙-2-基)氨基)-3-甲基丁-2-基)氨基甲酸酯(A4)
将苯胺A2(450mg,1.045mMol)、内酯A3(280mg,1.064mMol)和对甲苯磺酸吡啶鎓(273mg,1.086mMol)溶解于甲苯(20mL)中并将混合物加热至130℃(高回流)。时不时地添加几滴MeOH,以帮助溶解混合物。7h,将粗反应物抽真空(vacced down)以干燥。将粗产物通过硅胶色谱(CHCl3/MeOH,100%至95∶5)进行纯化以给出产物A4(360mg,52.3%产率)。LC/MS(方法B):ES+=1.51min,m/z 658.8[M+H]+。
d)烯丙基(S)-2-氨基-N-((S)-1-(((S)-9-乙基-9-羟基-10,13-二氧代-2,3,9,10,13,15-六氢-1H,12H-苯并[de]吡喃并[3′,4′:6,7]吲哚嗪并[1,2-b]喹啉-4-基)氨基)-1-氧代丙-2-基)-3-甲基丁酰胺(A5)
将过量的哌啶(642μL)添加至A4(543mg,0.82mMol)和PdP(Ph3)4(89mg,0.08mMol)于CH2Cl2(15mL)中的溶液中。允许混合物在室温下搅拌20min,这时反应已经完成(如通过LC/MS监测的)。将反应混合物用CH2Cl2(25mL)稀释并将有机相用H2O(25mL)和盐水(25mL)洗涤。将有机相经MgSO4干燥,过滤,并通过在减压下旋转蒸发除去过量的溶剂,以得到粗产物A5,其原样用于下一步。LC/MS(方法B):ES+=1.15min,m/z 574.6[M+H]·+。
e)(S)-2-((2S,5S)-16-(3-(2,5-二氧代-2,5-二氢-1H-吡咯-1-基)丙酰基)-1-(((S)-9-乙基-9-羟基-10,13-二氧代-2,3,9,10,13,15-六氢-1H,12H-苯并[de]吡喃并[3′,4′:6,7]吲哚嗪并[1,2-b]喹啉-4-基)氨基)-5-异丙基-2-甲基-1,4,7-三氧代-10,13,19,22-四氧杂-3,6,16-三氮杂二十五烷-25-酰胺基)-N-((S)-1-(((S)-9-乙基-9-羟基-10,13-二氧代-2,3,9,10,13,15-六氢-1H,12H-苯并[de]吡喃并[3′,4′:6,7]吲哚嗪并[1,2-b]喹啉-4-基)氨基)-1-氧代丙-2-基)-3-甲基丁酰胺(1)
将EDCI.HCl(0.26mmol,2.1当量)添加至A6(购自Broadpharm)(0.122mmol,1.0当量)在DCM(25mL)中的溶液中,并且将所得混合物在室温下搅拌60min。添加A5(0.26mmol,2.1当量),并且继续再搅拌2小时。将反应混合物蒸发至干燥,并且将残余物通过prep HPLC(10分钟内,30%-40%MeCN/水+0.05%甲酸)纯化以得到呈白色固体的产物1。产率=23mg(12%)。LC/MS(方法B):rt 1.54min,m/z 1601.2[M+H]+。
实例2-缀合
赫塞汀(Herceptin)-C239i抗体
将赫塞汀抗体工程化以具有按照以下Dimasi,N.,等人,MolecularPharmaceutics[分子药剂学],2017,14,1501-1516(DOI:510.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.6b00995)中描述的方法产生在位置239和240之间插入的半胱氨酸。
将50mM(TCEP)在磷酸盐缓冲盐水(pH 7.4)(PBS)中的溶液(40摩尔当量/抗体,2.67微摩尔,53.3μL)添加至3.3mL的赫塞汀-C239i抗体(10mg,67纳摩尔)于还原缓冲液(含有PBS和1mM乙二胺四乙酸(EDTA))中的溶液中,并且最终抗体浓度为3.0mg/mL。使还原混合物在定轨振荡器中于室温轻微(60rpm)摇动下反应17小时(或直到通过UHPLC观察到完全还原)。经由旋转过滤器离心将还原的抗体缓冲液交换成含有30mM组氨酸、30mM精氨酸(pH6.8)和1mM EDTA的再氧化缓冲液,以除去所有过量的还原剂。添加50mM脱氢抗坏血酸(DHAA,30摩尔当量/抗体,2.0微摩尔,40μL)在DMSO中的溶液,并且使再氧化混合物在室温下以轻微(60rpm)摇动反应3小时,抗体浓度为3.0mg/mL(或添加更多DHAA,反应时间更长,直到通过UHPLC观察到半胱氨酸硫醇完全再氧化以重新形成链间半胱氨酸二硫化物)。然后将再氧化混合物进行无菌过滤,并在含有PBS和1mM EDTA的缀合缓冲液中稀释,使最终抗体浓度为2.0mg/mL。将化合物1作为DMSO溶液(10摩尔当量/抗体,0.5微摩尔,在0.375mL DMSO中)添加至3.375mL的该再氧化的抗体溶液(7.5mg,50纳摩尔)中,最终DMSO浓度为10%(v/v)。在室温下轻微摇动,使该溶液在室温下反应2小时。然后通过添加N-乙酰基半胱氨酸(2.5微摩尔,在100mM下25μL)将缀合淬灭,然后使用通用电气医疗集团(GE Healthcare)HiLoadTM26/600柱(填充有Superdex 200PG,用2.6mL/min PBS洗脱)在AKTATM Start FPLC上进行纯化。将对应于ConjA单体峰的级分合并,使用15mL Amicon Ultracell 30kDa MWCO旋转过滤器浓缩,进行无菌过滤并分析。
使用赛默飞世尔科技公司(Thermo Scientific)MAbPac 50mm x 2.1mm柱(用水和乙腈进行梯度洗脱)在岛津公司Prominence系统上进行UHPLC分析,在ConjA的还原样品(化合物1特异性)上在214nm和330nm处显示未缀合的轻链、以及未缀合的重链和重链的混合物与化合物1的单个分子附接,符合药物/抗体比率(DAR)为每个抗体3.88个分子的化合物1(因为化合物1的每分子含有两种药物)。
使用东曹生命科学(Tosoh Bioscience)TSKgel SuperSW mAb HTP 4μm4.6x150mm柱(带有4μm 3.0x20mm保护柱)在岛津Prominence系统上进行UHPLC分析,用0.3mL/分钟的无菌过滤的SEC缓冲液(含200mM磷酸钾pH 6.95、250mM氯化钾和10%异丙醇(v/v))洗脱,在ConjA样品上在280nm处显示单体纯度为98%。UHPLC SEC分析得出最终ConjA在2.5mL中的浓度为2.13mg/mL,获得的ConjA质量为5.32mg(71%产率)。
实例3-ADC体外测定
通过台盼蓝染色测量来自亚汇合(80%-90%汇合)T75烧瓶中细胞的浓度和活力,并使用LUNA-IITM自动细胞计数器进行计数。将细胞稀释至2x105个/ml,分配(50μl每孔)在96孔平底板中。
抗体药物缀合物(ADC)(20μg/ml)的储备液(1ml)是通过将过滤灭菌的ADC稀释到细胞培养基中来制备的。一组的8x10倍稀释的储备液ADC是通过将100μl连续转移到900μl细胞培养基中在24孔板中制备的。将ADC稀释液(每孔50μl)分配到96孔板的4个重复孔中,该板含有先前接种的50μl细胞悬液。对照孔接受50μl细胞培养基。将含有细胞和ADC的96孔板在37℃下在CO2充气的培养箱中孵育暴露时间。
在孵育期结束时,通过MTS测定测量细胞活力。将MTS(普洛麦格公司(Promega))分配(20μl每孔)至每个孔,并在CO2充气的培养箱在37℃下孵育4小时。在490nm处测定孔吸光度。从4个ADC处理的孔的平均吸光度与4个对照未处理孔的平均吸光度(100%)计算细胞存活百分比。使用GraphPad Prism使用非线性曲线拟合算法(斜率可变的S形剂量反应曲线)从剂量反应数据确定IC50。
MDA-MB-468的ADC孵育时间为4天,NCI-N87的ADC孵育时间为7天。在具有Glutamax+10%(v/v)HyCloneTM胎牛血清的RPMI1640中培养MDA-MB-468和NCI-N87。
EC<sub>50</sub>(μg/mL) | NCI-N87 | MDA-MB-468 |
ConjA | 0.0492 | >10 |
发明陈述
1.一种具有式I的化合物:
其中X1和X2独立地选自式Ia的基团:
Q是:
a=0至5,b1=0至16,并且b2=0至16,其中至少b1或b2=0(即,b1和b2中只有一个可以不是0);
Y是H或F;
c1是0至5;
c2是0至5;
X3是-CH2-或-C(=O)-;
X4是X3-(CH2)d1-(C2H4O)e-(CH2)d2-GL,其中d1是0至5,d2是0至5,并且e是0至16;
并且
GL是用于连接至配体单元的接头。
2.根据陈述1所述的化合物,其中Q是氨基酸残基。
3.根据陈述2所述的化合物,其中Q选自:Phe、Lys、Val、Ala、Cit、Leu、Ile、Arg、和Trp。
4.根据陈述1所述的化合物,其中Q是二肽残基。
5.根据陈述4所述的化合物,其中Q选自:
NH-Phe-Lys-C=O、
NH-Val-Ala-C=O、
NH-Val-Lys-C=O、
NH-Ala-Lys-C=O、
NH-Val-Cit-C=O、
NH-Phe-Cit-C=O、
NH-Leu-Cit-C=O、
NH-Ile-Cit-C=O、
NH-Phe-Arg-C=O、
NH-Trp-Cit-C=O、和
NH-Gly-Val-C=O。
6.根据陈述5所述的化合物,其中Q选自NH-Phe-Lys-C=O、NH-Val-Cit-C=O和NH-Val-Ala-C=O。
7.根据陈述1所述的化合物,其中Q是三肽残基。
8.根据陈述7所述的化合物,其中Q选自NH-Glu-Val-Ala-C=O、NH-Glu-Val-Cit-C=O、NH-αGlu-Val-Ala-C=O和NH-αGlu-Val-Cit-C=O。
9.根据陈述1所述的化合物,其中Q是四肽残基。
10.根据陈述9所述的化合物,其中Q选自:
NH-Gly-Gly-Phe-GlyC=O;以及
NH-Gly-Phe-Gly-GlyC=O。
11.根据陈述10所述的化合物,其中Q是:
NH-Gly-Gly-Phe-GlyC=O。
12.根据陈述1至11中任一项所述的化合物,其中a是0至3。
13.根据陈述12所述的化合物,其中a是0或1。
14.根据陈述12所述的化合物,其中a是0。
15.根据陈述1至14中任一项所述的化合物,其中b1是0至8。
16.根据陈述15所述的化合物,其中b1是0。
17.根据陈述15所述的化合物,其中b1是2。
18.根据陈述15所述的化合物,其中b1是3。
19.根据陈述15所述的化合物,其中b1是4。
20.根据陈述15所述的化合物,其中b1是5。
21.根据陈述15所述的化合物,其中b1是8。
22.根据陈述1至14和16中任一项所述的化合物,其中b2是0至8。
23.根据陈述22所述的化合物,其中b2是0。
24.根据陈述22所述的化合物,其中b2是2。
25.根据陈述22所述的化合物,其中b2是3。
26.根据陈述22所述的化合物,其中b2是4。
27.根据陈述22所述的化合物,其中b2是5。
28.根据陈述22所述的化合物,其中b2是8。
29.根据陈述1至28中任一项所述的化合物,其中Y是H。
30.根据陈述1至28中任一项所述的化合物,其中Y是F。
31.根据陈述1至30中任一项所述的化合物,其中X1和X2是相同的。
32.根据陈述1至31中任一项所述的化合物,其中c1是0至3。
33.根据陈述32所述的化合物,其中c1是1或2。
34.根据陈述33所述的化合物,其中c1是2。
35.根据陈述1至34中任一项所述的化合物,其中c2是0至3。
36.根据陈述35所述的化合物,其中c2是1或2。
37.根据陈述36所述的化合物,其中c2是2。
38.根据陈述1至34中任一项所述的化合物,其中c1和c2是相同的。
39.根据陈述1至38中任一项所述的化合物,其中X3是-CH2-。
40.根据陈述1至38中任一项所述的化合物,其中X3是-C(=O)-。
41.根据陈述1至40中任一项所述的化合物,其中d1是0至3。
42.根据陈述41所述的化合物,其中d1是1或2。
43.根据陈述42所述的化合物,其中d1是2。
44.根据陈述1至43中任一项所述的化合物,其中d2是0至3。
45.根据陈述44所述的化合物,其中d2是1或2。
46.根据陈述44所述的化合物,其中d2是0。
47.根据陈述1至40中任一项所述的化合物,其中d1+d2是0至3。
48.根据陈述47所述的化合物,其中d1+d2是2。
49.根据陈述1至48中任一项所述的化合物,其中e是0至8。
50.根据陈述49所述的化合物,其中e是0。
51.根据陈述49所述的化合物,其中e是2。
52.根据陈述49所述的化合物,其中e是4。
53.根据陈述49所述的化合物,其中e是8。
54.根据陈述1至53中任一项所述的化合物,其中e+b1或b2的最大值不超过16。
55.根据陈述54所述的化合物,其中e+b1或b2的最大值不超过8。
56.根据陈述1至55中任一项所述的化合物,其中每个a是0,每个b1是0,每个b2是2,c1是2,c2是2,X3=-C(=O)-,d1是2,d2是0,并且e是0。
57.根据陈述1至56中任一项所述的化合物,其中GL选自
其中Ar表示C5-6亚芳基基团,且X表示C1-4烷基。
58.根据陈述57所述的化合物,其中GL选自GL1-1和GL1-2。
59.根据陈述57所述的化合物,其中GL是GL1-1。
60.一种具有式IV的缀合物:
L-(DL)p (IV)
或其药学上可接受的盐或溶剂化物,其中L是配体单元(即,靶向剂),DL是具有式III的药物接头单元:
其中X1、X2、X3、X4、c1和c2如陈述1至56中任一项所定义;
GLL是连接至配体单元的接头;并且
p是从1至20的整数。
61.根据陈述60所述的缀合物,其中GLL选自:
其中Ar表示C5-6亚芳基基团,且X表示C1-4烷基。
62.根据陈述61所述的缀合物,其中GLL选自GLL1-1和GLL1-2。
63.根据陈述62所述的缀合物,其中GLL是GLL1-1。
64.根据陈述60至63中任一项所述的缀合物,其中该配体单元是抗体或其活性片段。
65.根据陈述64所述的缀合物,其中该抗体或抗体片段是肿瘤相关抗原的抗体或抗体片段。
66.根据陈述65所述的缀合物,其中该抗体或抗体片段是与一种或多种选自以下(1)-(89)的肿瘤相关抗原或细胞表面受体结合的抗体:
(1)BMPR1B;
(2)E16;
(3)STEAP1;
(4)0772P;
(5)MPF;
(6)Napi3b;
(7)Sema 5b;
(8)PSCA hlg;
(9)ETBR;
(10)MSG783;
(11)STEAP2;
(12)TrpM4;
(13)CRIPTO;
(14)CD21;
(15)CD79b;
(16)FcRH2;
(17)HER2;
(18)NCA;
(19)MDP;
(20)IL20R-α;
(21)短缩素;
(22)EphB2R;
(23)ASLG659;
(24)PSCA;
(25)GEDA;
(26)BAFF-R;
(27)CD22;
(28)CD79a;
(29)CXCR5;
(30)HLA-DOB;
(31)P2X5;
(32)CD72;
(33)LY64;
(34)FcRH1;
(35)IRTA2;
(36)TENB2;
(37)PSMA-FOLH1;
(38)SST;
(38.1)SSTR2;
(38.2)SSTR5;
(38.3)SSTR1;
(38.4)SSTR3;
(38.5)SSTR4;
(39)ITGAV;
(40)ITGB6;
(41)CEACAM5;
(42)MET;
(43)MUC1;
(44)CA9;
(45)EGFRvIII;
(46)CD33;
(47)CD19;
(48)IL2RA;
(49)AXL;
(50)CD30-TNFRSF8;
(51)BCMA-TNFRSF17;
(52)CT Ags-CTA;
(53)CD174(Lewis Y)-FUT3;
(54)CLEC14A;
(55)GRP78-HSPA5;
(56)CD70;
(57)干细胞特异性抗原;
(58)ASG-5;
(59)ENPP3;
(60)PRR4;
(61)GCC-GUCY2C;
(62)Liv-1-SLC39A6;
(63)5T4;
(64)CD56-NCMA1;
(65)CanAg;
(66)FOLR1;
(67)GPNMB;
(68)TIM-1-HAVCR1;
(69)RG-1/前列腺肿瘤靶标Mindin-Mindin/RG-1;
(70)B7-H4-VTCN1;
(71)PTK7;
(72)CD37;
(73)CD138-SDC1;
(74)CD74;
(75)紧密连接蛋白-CLs;
(76)EGFR;
(77)Her3;
(78)RON-MST1R;
(79)EPHA2;
(80)CD20-MS4A1;
(81)腱生蛋白C-TNC;
(82)FAP;
(83)DKK-1;
(84)CD52;
(85)CS1-SLAMF7;
(86)内皮糖蛋白-ENG;
(87)膜联蛋白A1-ANXA1;
(88)V-CAM(CD106)-VCAM1;
(89)ASCT2(SLC1A5)。
67.根据陈述64至66中任一项所述的缀合物,其中该抗体或抗体片段是半胱氨酸工程化抗体。
68.根据陈述64至67中任一项所述的缀合物,其中p是从1至约10的整数。
69.根据陈述68所述的缀合物,其中p是1、2、3、4、5、6、7、8、9或10。
70.一种根据陈述64至69中任一项所述的缀合物的混合物,其中在该抗体-药物缀合物的混合物中每个抗体的平均药物负载为约2至约20。
71.根据陈述60至70中任一项所述的缀合物或混合物,用于在疗法中使用。
72.一种药物组合物,该药物组合物包含根据陈述60至70中任一项所述的缀合物或混合物以及药学上可接受的稀释剂、载体、或赋形剂。
73.根据陈述60至70中任一项所述的缀合物或混合物、或根据陈述72所述的药物组合物,用于在受试者的增殖性疾病的治疗中使用。
74.根据陈述73所述的缀合物、混合物或药物组合物,其中该疾病是癌症。
75.根据陈述60至70中任一项所述的缀合物或混合物、或根据陈述72所述的药物组合物在医学治疗的方法中的用途。
76.一种医学治疗的方法,该方法包括向患者施用根据陈述72所述的药物组合物。
77.根据陈述76所述的方法,其中该医学治疗的方法是用于治疗癌症。
78.根据陈述77所述的方法,其中向该患者施用与该缀合物组合的化学治疗剂。
79.根据陈述60至670中任一项所述的缀合物或混合物在制造用于治疗增殖性疾病的药物的方法中的用途。
80.一种治疗患有增殖性疾病的哺乳动物的方法,该方法包括施用有效量的根据陈述60至70中任一项所述的缀合物或混合物、或根据陈述72所述的药物组合物。
Claims (30)
2.根据权利要求1所述的化合物,其中Q是:
(a)选自以下的氨基酸残基:Phe、Lys、Val、Ala、Cit、Leu、Ile、Arg、和Trp;或者
(b)选自以下的二肽残基:
NH-Phe-Lys-C=O、
NH-Val-Ala-C=O、
NH-Val-Lys-C=O、
NH-Ala-Lys-C=O、
NH-Val-Cit-C=O、
NH-Phe-Cit-C=O、
NH-Leu-Cit-C=O、
NH-Ile-Cit-C=O、
NH-Phe-Arg-C=O、
NH-Trp-Cit-C=O、和
NH-Gly-Val-C=O;或者
(c)选自以下的三肽残基:
NH-Glu-Val-Ala-C=O、
NH-Glu-Val-Cit-C=O、
NH-αGlu-Val-Ala-C=O、和
NH-αGlu-Val-Cit-C=O;或者
(d)选自以下的四肽残基:
NH-Gly-Gly-Phe-GlyC=O;以及
NH-Gly-Phe-Gly-GlyC=O。
3.根据权利要求1或权利要求2所述的化合物,其中a是:
(a)0至3;或者
(b)0或1;或者
(c)0。
4.根据权利要求1至3中任一项所述的化合物,其中b1是:
(a)0至8;或者
(b)0;或者
(c)2;或者
(d)3;或者
(e)4;或者
(f)5;或者
(g)8。
5.根据权利要求1至3中任一项所述的化合物,其中b2是:
(a)0至8;或者
(b)0;或者
(c)2;或者
(d)3;或者
(e)4;或者
(f)5;或者
(g)8。
6.根据权利要求1至5中任一项所述的化合物,其中Y是H。
7.根据权利要求1至6中任一项所述的化合物,其中X1和X2是相同的。
8.根据权利要求1至7中任一项所述的化合物,其中c1是:
(a)0至3;
(b)1或2;或者
(c)2。
9.根据权利要求1至8中任一项所述的化合物,其中c2是:
(a)0至3;
(b)1或2;或者
(c)2。
10.根据权利要求1至9中任一项所述的化合物,其中c1和c2是相同的。
11.根据权利要求1至10中任一项所述的化合物,其中X3是-C(=O)-。
12.根据权利要求1至11中任一项所述的化合物,其中d1是:
(a)0至3;
(b)1或2;或者
(c)2。
13.根据权利要求1至12中任一项所述的化合物,其中d2是:
(a)0至3;
(b)1或2;或者
(c)2;或者
(d)0。
14.根据权利要求1至13中任一项所述的化合物,其中e是:
(a)0至8;
(b)0;
(c)2;
(d)4;或者
(e)8。
15.根据权利要求1至11中任一项所述的化合物,其中d1+d2是2,并且e是0。
16.根据权利要求14所述的化合物,其中每个a是0,每个b1是0,每个b2是2,c1是2,c2=2,X3=-C(=O)-,d1是2,d2是0,并且e是0。
18.根据权利要求17所述的化合物,其中GL选自GL1-1和GL1-2。
21.根据权利要求20所述的缀合物,其中GLL选自GLL1-1和GLL1-2。
22.根据权利要求19或20所述的缀合物,其中该配体单元是抗体或其活性片段。
23.根据权利要求22所述的缀合物,其中p是从1至约10的整数。
24.一种根据权利要求22或23所述的缀合物的混合物,其中在该抗体-药物缀合物的混合物中每个抗体的平均药物负载为约2至约20。
25.一种药物组合物,该药物组合物包含根据权利要求20至24中任一项所述的缀合物或混合物以及药学上可接受的稀释剂、载体、或赋形剂。
26.根据权利要求19至24中任一项所述的缀合物或混合物、或根据权利要求25所述的药物组合物,用于在受试者的增殖性疾病的治疗中使用。
27.根据权利要求26所述的缀合物、混合物或药物组合物,其中该疾病是癌症。
28.根据权利要求19至24中任一项所述的缀合物或混合物、或根据权利要求25所述的药物组合物在医学治疗的方法中的用途。
29.一种医学治疗的方法,该方法包括向患者施用根据权利要求25所述的药物组合物。
30.根据权利要求29所述的方法,其中该医学治疗的方法是用于治疗癌症。
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