CN114980725A - 动力输出装置控制 - Google Patents
动力输出装置控制 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
一种动力输出装置控制系统和方法,对操作者与动力输出装置的接近度进行感测以及基于感测到的接近度来对动力输出装置的操作进行控制。
Description
背景技术
动力输出装置(PTO,Power takeoff)设置在车辆上以将动力传送到所附接的机具或单独的机器。许多动力输出装置将动力从车辆的动力源(诸如正在运行的发动机)传送到动力输出装置。许多动力输出装置采用安装在诸如拖拉机或卡车等的车辆上的花键传动轴(splined driveshaft)的形式,这有助于为带有匹配配件的机具提供动力。
附图说明
图1是示意性地示出示例性动力输出装置控制系统的部分的框图。
图2是示例性动力输出装置控制方法的流程图。
图3是示意性地示出示例性动力输出装置控制系统的一部分的图。
在整个附图中,相同的附图标记表示相似但不一定相同的元件。这些图不一定按比例绘制,并且某些部件的尺寸可能被夸大以更清楚地示出所示的示例。此外,附图提供了与说明书一致的示例和/或实施方式;然而,描述不限于附图中提供的示例和/或实施方式。
具体实施方式
公开了基于感测到的操作者与动力输出装置的接近度(proximity)来控制动力输出装置的操作的示例性车辆、动力输出装置控制系统和动力输出装置控制方法。在操作者可能太靠近动力输出装置的情况下,可以防止动力输出装置通电或打开。在动力输出装置正在运行时操作者可能离动力输出装置太近的情况下,动力输出装置可能会被制动或减速。结果,这样的示例性车辆、控制系统和控制方法降低了操作者被卷入动力输出装置的可能性。
公开了一种示例性动力输出装置控制系统,该动力输出装置控制系统可以包括:传感器,该传感器被支撑以便输出接近度信号,该接近度信号对操作者与动力输出装置的接近度进行指示;以及控制器,该控制器用于基于这些信号来输出用于对动力输出装置进行控制的控制信号。
公开了一种示例性动力输出装置控制方法,该动力输出装置控制方法可以包括对操作者与动力输出装置的接近度进行感测以及基于感测到的接近度来对动力输出装置的操作进行控制。
公开了一种示例性车辆,该车辆可以包括:动力输出装置;传感器,该传感器要被支撑以输出接近度信号,该接近度信号对操作者与动力输出装置的接近度进行指示;以及控制器,该控制器用于基于这些信号来输出用于对动力输出装置进行控制的控制信号。
图1是示意性地示出示例性动力输出装置控制系统20的各部分的图。控制系统20包括车辆24、传感器28和控制器30。车辆24包括具有动力输出装置32的自行式车辆(self-propelled vehicle)。动力输出装置32包括用于将机械动力、扭矩传递到可能缺乏自己的发动机或马达、或者可能需要来自车辆24的额外动力的另一件装备、附件或机具的装置。在所示的示例中,动力输出装置32包括由PTO驱动/制动系统36以可旋转的方式驱动的花键轴34。在一种实施方式中,动力输出装置32满足ISO 500中针对动力输出装置阐述的标准。
驱动/制动系统36从与车辆相关联的内燃机或电动马达接收动力,其中所产生的动力通过传动装置传送到驱动/制动系统。在一种实施方式中,动力可以通过液压传动装置传输,其中由泵供应的加压液压流体被传输到以可旋转的方式驱动花键轴34的液压马达。在其他实施方式中,电动马达可以驱动花键轴34。在又一其他实施方式中,其他机械传动装置可以将动力从发动机或马达传输到花键轴34。
驱动/制动系统36还对花键轴34的速度进行控制。在一种实施方式中,驱动/制动系统36包括用于使轴34的旋转减慢或停止的制动器。在一些实施方式中,驱动/制动系统36包括摩擦制动器。在其他实施方式中,驱动/制动系统36包括将花键轴34与扭矩源分离的离合器。可以包括PTO 32的车辆24的示例包括但不限于卡车和拖拉机。在其他实施方式中,车辆24可以包括其他类型的车辆,其中该车辆设置有动力输出装置32。
传感器28包括至少一个传感器,该至少一个传感器被支撑以便输出对操作者40与动力输出装置32的花键轴34的接近度进行指示的接近度信号。在一种实施方式中,传感器28由车辆24支撑。在一些实施方式中,传感器28可以由部分围绕花键轴34的外部盒或护罩42支撑。在一些实施方式中,传感器28可以被安装在轴34自身内。在其他实施方式中,传感器28可以被支撑到花键轴34的侧面或上方。在又一其他实施方式中,传感器28可以由用于从花键轴34接收动力的机具附件支撑,其中远程传感器28以有线或无线方式将信号传输到控制器30。
在一些实施方式中,传感器28包括由车辆24支撑的至少一个摄像头,以用于对花键轴34周围区域的图像或视频进行捕获。在一些实施方式中,传感器28(有时被称为接近度传感器)通过发射电磁场并且检测场的变化来对操作者与动力输出装置32的轴34的接近度进行感测。在其他实施方式中,传感器28可以包括其他形式的非接触式传感器或无线传感器,诸如激光雷达、雷达、超声波传感器等。在一些实施方式中,不同类型的传感器被利用。
控制器30基于来自传感器28的信号而输出用于对动力输出装置32进行控制的控制信号。控制器30可以包括处理器37和非暂态计算机可读介质38。处理器37执行在介质38上提供的指令。存储在介质38中的指令可以使处理器37对来自传感器28的、关于操作者40与PTO 32的接近度的信号进行分析并且输出调节PTO 32的操作的控制信号。
在一种实施方式中,包含在介质38中的指令使处理器37使用或基于来自传感器28的信号来确定操作者40与花键轴34间隔的距离。在确定操作者40与动力输出装置32中的花键轴34之间的距离时,介质38中的指令使处理器37将这种距离与预定义的阈值距离(也被存储在介质38中)进行比较。基于比较,指导者可以指示处理器37输出控制信号以调整动力输出装置32的操作。例如,在操作者40太靠近动力输出装置32的花键轴34的情况下,控制器30的处理器37可以输出控制信号,这些控制信号终止花键轴34的动力供应、致动离合器以将花键轴34与扭矩源断开、或对花键轴34的旋转进行制动。在一些实施方式中,控制器30可以基于来自传感器28的、指示操作者40太靠近花键轴34的信号来输出抑制PTO 32的打开以及抑制花键轴34的初始旋转的控制信号。
在一些实施方式中,在花键轴34已经被PTO驱动器/制动器36以可旋转的方式驱动的情况下,控制器30可以基于来自传感器28的信号来输出控制信号,从而使PTO驱动器/制动器36响应于来自传感器28的、指示操作者40在轴34的预定距离内的接近度信号而自动地对轴34的旋转或操作进行制动。在这种实施方式中,控制器30还可以被配置为响应于来自传感器28的、指示操作者40不再在距轴34的预定距离内的接近度信号来自动地重新启动动力输出装置32的操作、重新启动从动轴34的旋转。
在一些实施方式中,控制器30可以是更大的神经网络的一部分,该神经网络被训练以基于描绘操作者与动力输出装置32的接近度的变化的一组视频来识别操作者与动力输出装置32的轴34的接近度。在一些实施方式中,控制器30附加地被配置为响应于超驰(override)输入而维持动力输出装置32的操作,即使操作者40与动力输出装置轴34的接近度原本会引起动力输出装置32的操作被制动或中断也如此。例如,如虚线所示,车辆24可以包括麦克风44,以用于从操作者接收可听命令(诸如超驰命令)。这种超驰在以下的情况下可能是有益的:操作者40可能需要在花键轴34当前被驱动时行进或将他或她自己定位在靠近花键轴34,但其中动力输出装置系统32继续供应动力而不中断可能也很重要。在这种情况下,操作者可以说出由麦克风44捕获的超驰命令,其中控制器30使用语言或语音识别来标识超驰命令并且对PTO 32的原本自动操作调整进行超驰,该自动操作调整会导致轴34被制动或原本停止。因为对轴34的旋转的原本自动停止进行超驰需要来自操作者40的可听输入,所以操作者40更有可能意识到轴34的持续旋转并且在围绕动力输出装置32的从动轴34工作时可能更加谨慎。
图2是示例性动力输出装置控制方法100的流程图。方法100基于感测到的操作者与动力输出装置的接近度来控制动力输出装置的操作。在操作者可能太靠近动力输出装置的情况下,可以防止动力输出装置通电或打开。在动力输出装置正在运行时操作者可能太靠近动力输出装置的情况下,动力输出装置可以被制动或减速。结果,这样的示例性车辆、控制系统和控制方法降低了操作者被卷入动力输出装置的可能性。尽管方法100是在由系统20执行的背景下描述的,但应当理解,方法100同样可以用具有动力输出装置和用于感测操作者与动力输出装置的接近度的传感器的类似车辆或系统来执行。
如框104所示,传感器28感测操作者40相对于动力输出装置32的接近度、相对于轴34的接近度。这种信号可以直接或间接指示操作者40的接近度。在信号间接地指示操作者40与轴34的接近度情况下,控制器30可以根据信号来确定操作者40与轴34的接近度。
如框108所示,基于感测到的接近度,控制器30控制动力输出装置32的操作。在一些实施方式中,控制器30输出使PTO驱动器/制动器36对花键轴34的旋转进行制动的控制信号。在一些实施方式中,控制器30可以附加地或替代地使花键轴34与扭矩源或动力源断开。例如,控制器30可以致动离合器,以便以可操作的方式使花键轴34与扭矩源或动力源断开。
在一些实施方式中,基于感测到的接近度,控制器30可以抑制PTO 32的启动。在一些实施方式中,基于感测到的接近度,控制器30可以使轴34正在进行的从动旋转停止或减慢。如上所述,在一些实施方式中,由控制器30执行的方法100可以响应于或基于感测到的操作者40的接近度而使轴34的旋转自动地停止,并且一旦操作者40不再在预定义的间隔内或与轴34的接近度内,由控制器30执行的方法100可以自动重新启动或加速花键轴34的从动旋转。同样如上所述,在一些实施方式中,方法100可以涉及响应于由操作者40提供的超驰命令而临时超驰动力输出装置32的制动或操作改变。
图3是示意性地示出了与拖拉机224相关联的示例性动力输出装置控制系统220和经由动力输出装置232从拖拉机224汲取机械动力(扭矩)的示例性机具225的各部分的图。在所示的示例中,系统利用示出人类与动力输出装置的接近度的一组视频形式的训练库222。在视场中与PTO 232一起定位的传感器和摄像头228提供围绕PTO 232的区域的图像。神经网络238被训练以对人类与PTO 232的接近度进行识别。规则引擎230采用处理器以及在计算机可读介质上提供的相关指令的形式,识别人类操作者何时足够接近PTO。拖拉机控制(API)236基于规则引擎230做出的判定来控制PTO 232的操作。在操作者太靠近PTO 232的情况下,拖拉机控制可以阻止PTO操作的启动或自动地制动或停止为PTO 232供电。
尽管已经参考示例性实施方式描述了本公开,但是本领域技术人员将认识到可以在不脱离本公开的情况下在形式和细节上做出改变。例如,尽管不同的示例性实施方式可能已经被描述为包括提供各种益处的特征,但是可以设想,所描述的特征可以在所描述的示例性实施方式或其他替代实施方式中彼此互换或替代地彼此组合。因为本公开的技术相对复杂,所以并非所有的技术变化都是可以预见的。参考示例性实施方式描述并且在所附权利要求中阐述的本公开显然旨在尽可能宽泛。例如,除非另有特别说明,否则列举单个特定元件的权利要求也涵盖多个这样的特定元件。权利要求中的术语“第一”、“第二”、“第三”等仅区分不同的元件,并且除非另有说明,否则不与本公开中元件的特定顺序或特定编号具体关联。
Claims (15)
1.一种动力输出装置控制系统,所述动力输出装置控制系统包括:
传感器,所述传感器被支撑以便输出接近度信号,所述接近度信号对操作者与动力输出装置的接近度进行指示;以及
控制器,所述控制器用于基于所述信号来输出用于对所述动力输出装置进行控制的控制信号。
2.根据权利要求1所述的控制系统,其中,所述传感器包括至少一个摄像头。
3.根据权利要求1所述的控制系统,其中,所述传感器包括至少一个接近度传感器,所述接近度传感器发射电磁场并且对所述场的变化进行检测。
4.根据权利要求1所述的控制系统,其中,所述控制信号用于对动力输出装置离合器/制动器的致动进行控制。
5.根据权利要求1所述的控制系统,其中,所述控制器用于:
确定所述操作者与所述动力输出装置之间的距离;以及
将所述距离与预定阈值进行比较,其中,所述控制信号是基于所述比较的。
6.根据权利要求1所述的控制系统,其中,所述控制器是神经网络的一部分,所述神经网络被训练以基于一组视频来对关于所述动力输出装置的操作者接近度进行识别,所述一组视频描绘关于所述动力输出装置的操作者接近度的变化。
7.根据权利要求1所述的控制系统,其中,所述控制器用于对来自所述操作者的超驰输入进行识别,并且其中,所述控制器响应于所述超驰输入而致动或保持所述动力输出装置的操作,即使所述操作者与所述动力输出装置的接近度原本会引起所述动力输出装置的操作被制动或中断也如此。
8.根据权利要求1所述的控制系统,其中,所述控制器用于响应于所述接近度信号对所述动力输出装置的操作进行自动地制动并且用于响应于所述接近度信号对动力输出装置操作进行自动地重新启动。
9.一种动力输出装置控制方法,所述动力输出装置控制方法包括:
对操作者与动力输出装置的接近度进行感测;以及
基于感测到的接近度来对所述动力输出装置的操作进行控制。
10.根据权利要求9所述的方法,其中,对所述操作者与所述动力输出装置的所述接近度进行感测包括:捕获所述动力输出装置和周围接近度的图像。
11.根据权利要求9所述的方法,其中,对所述操作者与所述动力输出装置的所述接近度进行感测包括:发射电磁场并且对所述场的变化进行检测。
12.根据权利要求9所述的方法,其中,对所述动力输出装置的所述操作进行控制包括:
确定所述操作者与所述动力输出装置之间的距离;以及
将所述距离与预定阈值进行比较,其中,控制信号是基于所述比较的。
13.根据权利要求9所述的方法,还包括对神经网络进行训练,所述神经网络被训练以基于一组视频来对关于所述动力输出装置的操作者接近度进行识别,所述一组视频描绘关于所述动力输出装置的操作者接近度的变化。
14.根据权利要求9所述的方法,还包括:
接收来自操作者的超驰输入;以及
响应于所述超驰输入,由所述操作者使所述动力输出装置的操作继续。
15.一种车辆,所述车辆包括:
动力输出装置;
传感器,所述传感器被支撑以便输出接近度信号,所述接近度信号对操作者与动力输出装置的接近度进行指示;以及
控制器,所述控制器用于基于所述信号来输出用于对所述动力输出装置进行控制的控制信号。
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