CN114957645A - 一种用于abs基材的光固化超亲水涂料组合物及其涂层的制备方法 - Google Patents
一种用于abs基材的光固化超亲水涂料组合物及其涂层的制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明提供一种用于ABS基材的耐候性光固化超亲水涂层,所制备的超亲水涂层光固化速度快,效率高,能耗小,超亲水涂层水接触角小于10°,防雾持久性比较好,可长时间耐水浸泡不脱落,稳定性强。本发明具体还涉及一种光固化单体及其制备方法,该光固化单体骨架为乙氧化三羟甲基丙烷三丙烯酸酯,分子链段中包含10~15个聚乙二醇单元,该光固化单体搭配光固化低聚物,通过对表面张力,ABS基材的渗透溶胀、官能度等方面增强涂层在ABS基材的附着力。另外,光固化单体、光固化低聚物与两性离子聚合物树脂形成交联的互穿网络,提高涂层硬度、机械强度,可锁住表面活性剂,延长防雾耐久时间。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于高分子材料技术领域,具体地说,涉及一种用于ABS基材的耐候性光固化超亲水涂层及制备。
背景技术
ABS塑料是丙烯腈(A)、丁二烯(B)、苯乙烯(S)三种单体的三元共聚物,三种单体相对含量可任意变化,制成各种树脂。ABS塑料兼有三种组元的共同性能,A使其耐化学腐蚀、耐热,并有一定的表面硬度,B使其具有高弹性和韧性,S使其具有热塑性塑料的加工成型特性。因此ABS塑料是一种原料易得、综合性能良好、价格便宜、用途广泛的“坚韧、质硬、刚性”材料。ABS 塑料在机械、电气、纺织、汽车、飞机、轮船等制造工业及化工中获得了广泛的应用。
超亲水涂层是指水落在该材料表面,水滴接触角小于10度,从外观上看即水在该材料表面不会形成水滴而是水膜,另外,超亲水涂层跟水的亲和力远大于跟灰尘以及其他脏污的亲和力,因此超亲水涂层在防雾、自清洁、导流、减阻等领域具有广泛应用。
由于超亲水涂层的组分多为亲水材料,ABS疏水组分多,极性低,因此与亲水材料相容性差,导致附着力低,从而导致超亲水涂层容易脱落,耐候性差,专利CN 106048610 A提供了一种等离子体处理ABS表面实现亲水涂层的方法。相比热固化涂层,光固化涂层的优点的是固化速度快,固化温度低;缺点是固化程度不足导致涂层性能不够。另外,超亲水涂层通常难以做到耐候性(耐摩擦、耐水浸泡)等功能。
发明内容
本发明的目的是针对现有技术的不足,提供一种用于ABS基材的耐候性光固化超亲水涂层。可实现高附着力、高耐磨、耐水泡、耐腐蚀等的功能。
为实现上述目的,本发明采用的技术方案如下:
本发明首先提供一种光固化单体,所述光固化单体的结构如(I)所示,骨架为乙氧化三羟甲基丙烷三丙烯酸酯,分子链段中包含10~15个聚乙二醇单元,其中m+n+I=10~15。
同时,本发明提供上述光固化单体的制备方法,具体如下:
1)三羟甲基丙烷在强碱作用下与环氧丙烷开环加成,80~120℃下反应3~6 h,三羟基甲基丙烷与环氧丙烷的摩尔比为1:3~1:7;
2)将步骤1)的产物与丙烯酸在60~80℃下进行酯化反应3~6h,对甲苯磺酸作为催化剂,二者摩尔比为1:1~1:1.5,得到含聚乙二醇链段的乙氧化三羟甲基丙烷三丙烯酸酯。
所述光固化单体表面张力低,对基材润湿性好;对于ABS基材有较强的渗透溶胀能力,固化交联后可在基材与涂层之间形成一层很薄的互穿网络结构,从而增强附着力。同时所述光固化单体的官能度为2,官能度低,交联密度低,体积收缩小,附着力较好。光固化单体同时含有醚键和酯键,能促进附着。
本发明还涉及一种在ABS基材附着力优异的光固化低聚物,包括聚乙二醇丙烯酸酯、聚氨酯丙烯酸酯中的一种或两种组合;
所述聚乙二醇丙烯酸酯的制备方法为将聚乙二醇600/400/1000(PEG 600/400/1000)与丙烯酸或丙烯酸衍生物在酸的作用下成酯;
所述聚氨酯丙烯酸酯的制备方法为二异氰酸酯和三羟甲基丙烯酸酯扩链反应制备;
本发明还涉及一种光固化低聚物A,其结构如(Ⅱ)所示,命名为聚氧乙烯醚异氰脲酸丙烯酸酯。
所述光固化低聚物A的制备方法具体如下:
1)聚醚胺(ED2003)与三(2-羟乙基)异氰脲酸三丙烯酸酯(THEICTA) 在60-80℃下进行加成反应,二者摩尔比为1:2;
2)羟乙基丙烯酸酯(HEA)与异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯(IPDI)在30-50℃下反应0.5~1h,二者摩尔比为1:1;
3)将步骤1)和步骤2)所得产物在30-50℃下进行聚合反应,反应0.5~1h。
所述光固化低聚物A表面张力低,对基材润湿性好;对于ABS基材有较强的渗透溶胀能力,固化交联后可在基材与涂层之间形成一层很薄的互穿网络结构,从而增强附着力。同时所述光固化低聚物A含有多种官能团,能提高其在ABS上的附着力。
按照GB/T 9286-1998进行光固化单体及光固化低聚物A的附着力测试, 0级代表最好,5级代表最差,具体方法为将光固化单体/光固化低聚物与光引发剂TPO以质量比24:1混合,UV灯下固化30s,测试附着力,结果附着力均为0级。
本发明还提供一种光固化超亲水涂料组合物,为全亲水体系,包括如下重量份的组分:
如前所述的光固化单体25~45份;
表面活性剂3~5份;
光固化低聚物33~48份;
光固化两性离子单体10~15份;
活性稀释剂单体5~10份;
流平剂1~2份;
光引发剂3~5份;
所述组合物还包括溶剂,所述溶剂重量是其它组分总重量的0.5-3倍。
所述表面活性剂为非离子氟表面活性剂FS3100;
光固化低聚物为聚乙二醇丙烯酸酯、聚氨酯丙烯酸酯中的一种或两种组合,或如前所述的光固化低聚物A聚氧乙烯醚异氰脲酸丙烯酸酯;
光固化两性离子单体包括2-丙烯酰胺-2-甲基丙磺酸(AMPS)、烯丙氧基壬基酚丙醇聚氧乙烯醚硫酸铵(DNS 86)中的一种或两种组合;
所述活性稀释剂单体包括丙烯酸、衣康酸、丙烯酸羟乙酯(HEA)中的一种或多种;
所述流平剂是能有效降低涂料表面张力,提高其流平性和均匀性的一类物质,能促使涂料在干燥成膜过程中形成一个平整、光滑、均匀的涂膜;
所述流平剂为丙烯酸酯类流平剂,分子量在6000-20000之间;
所述光引发剂是一类能在紫外光区(250~420nm)吸收一定波长的能量,产生自由基、阳离子等,从而引发单体聚合交联固化的化合物;所述光引发剂包括2-羟基-2-甲基-1-苯基丙酮(1173),1-羟基环己基苯基甲酮(184), 2,4,6-三甲基苯甲酰基-二苯基氧化膦(TPO)中的一种或多种;
所述溶剂包括乙酸乙酯、乙酸丁酯、乙醇、异丙醇中的一种或多种。
本发明还包括上述光固化超亲水涂料组合物在用于ABS基材上包括防雾、自清洁、自润滑、减阻中的应用。
本发明还提供一种用于ABS基材的光固化超亲水涂层的的制备方法,具体为:将光固化超亲水涂料组合物涂覆在ABS基材上,60-80℃预烘2-3min,紫外LED灯光固化30-60s,能量为500-1000mJ/cm2。
具体的,其涂覆方式为喷涂、淋涂、滴涂、刮涂或滚涂中的一种。
本发明通过水接触角测试仪测试光固化超亲水涂层的水接触角为3-8°。
本发明通过水浴锅熏蒸测试来检测涂层防雾性能。水浴锅熏蒸是常见的防雾性能测试方法,水蒸气在水浴锅中与基材上会有温差,未处理的基材容易起雾。涂覆本发明超亲水涂层的ABS基材放置在60℃水浴锅水面上方10 cm持续熏蒸15min无起雾现象。
根据GB/T9780-2005测试超亲水涂层自然暴晒6个月的沾污率测试结果,与未涂覆超亲水涂层的ABS基材相比,耐沾污性改善比率达到50-70%。
本发明耐水性能测试方法为:将涂覆有光固化超亲水涂层的ABS基材放置在水中浸泡72~90h后进行防雾测试,防雾性能未衰减。
本发明中光固化超亲水涂层耐磨性能通过耐磨擦试验机测试。所述光固化超亲水涂层进行高温加速老化试验,将测试样品放入至200℃烘箱,测试 1000-1500小时,测试老化前后涂层无明显脱落、剥离、起皱现象,水接触角也未有明显变化。
所述紫外光固化超亲水涂层进行耐盐腐蚀测试,5%氯化钠溶液浸泡 500-1000小时,老化前后涂层无明显脱落、剥离、起皱现象。所述紫外光固化防雾涂层耐消毒水浸泡测试,将样品浸泡于消毒水中200-700小时,老化前后涂层无明显脱落、剥离、起皱现象,接触角也未有明显变化。
所述紫外光固化超亲水涂层进行环境测试,将样品放置于露天环境1~2 年,老化前后涂层无明显脱落、剥离、起皱现象,水接触角也未有明显变化。
本发明与现有技术相比,本发明具有如下的有益效果:
1、针对ABS基材难以附着的特点,设计合成了新型的高ABS附着力的光固化单体,搭配光固化低聚物,通过对表面张力,ABS基材的渗透溶胀、官能度设计从而增强涂层在ABS基材的附着力。同时光固化单体与光固化低聚物含有多种基团增强附着力。
2、光固化单体、光固化低聚物与两性离子聚合物树脂形成交联的互穿网络,提高涂层硬度、机械强度,可锁住表面活性剂,延长防雾耐久时间。
3、所制备的超亲水涂层光固化速度快,效率高,能耗小,超亲水涂层水接触角小于10°,防雾持久性比较好,可长时间耐水浸泡不脱落,稳定性强。
附图说明
图1为实施例6所得涂层#6的水接触角图。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施例对本发明进行详细说明。以下实施例将有助于本领域的技术人员进一步理解本发明,但不以任何形式限制本发明。应当指出的是,对本领域的普通技术人员来说,在不脱离本发明构思的前提下,还可以做出若干变形和改进。这些都属于本发明的保护范围。
实施例1光固化单体的制备1
在150ml反应瓶中投入1mol三羟甲基丙烷与3mol环氧丙烷,加入0.05 mol NaOH,80℃下反应3h后加入1mol丙烯酸以及0.01mol对甲苯磺酸, 60℃下反应3h。
实施例2光固化单体的制备2
在150ml反应瓶中投入1mol三羟甲基丙烷与7mol环氧丙烷,加入0.03 mol NaOH,120℃下反应6h后加入1.5mol丙烯酸以及0.01mol对甲苯磺酸, 80℃下反应6h。
实施例3光固化单体的制备3
在150ml反应瓶中投入1mol三羟甲基丙烷与5mol环氧丙烷,加入0.04 mol NaOH,120℃下反应5h后加入1.5mol丙烯酸以及0.01mol对甲苯磺酸, 70℃下反应5h。
实施例4光固化低聚物A的制备1
将1mol聚醚胺(ED2003)与2mol三(2-羟乙基)异氰脲酸三丙烯酸酯(THEICTA)在60℃下反应4h,将1mol羟乙基丙烯酸酯(HEA)与1mol异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯(IPDI)在30℃下反应0.5h,将两步反应所得产物在30℃下反应0.5h得到光固化低聚物A。
实施例5光固化低聚物A的制备2
将1mol聚醚胺(ED2003)与2mol三(2-羟乙基)异氰脲酸三丙烯酸酯(THEICTA)在80℃下反应4h,将1mol羟乙基丙烯酸酯(HEA)与1mol异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯(IPDI)在50℃下反应1h,将两步反应所得产物在50℃下反应1h得到光固化低聚物A。
实施例6光固化低聚物(聚乙二醇丙烯酸酯)的制备
将聚乙二醇600/400/1000(PEG 600/400/1000)与丙烯酸或丙烯酸衍生物进行反应,投料比为1:1.5~1.5:1,在酸的催化下60~80℃反应6~8h;
实施例7光固化低聚物(聚氨酯丙烯酸酯)的制备
将异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯和三羟甲基丙烯酸酯投入反应瓶中,投料摩尔比为1:1.5~1:2,在40~60℃下反应4小时;
实施例8紫外光固化防雾涂料组合物的制备
本发明中涉及的光固化超亲水涂料组合物制备方法如下:准确称取各组分,如表1所示,将表面活性剂,光固化单体,光固化低聚物,光固化两性离子单体,活性稀释剂单体,加入溶剂混合搅拌0.5~1h,再加入光引发剂和流平剂,混合0.5h后制得。光固化超亲水涂料组合物组分及含量如表1,本发明中,溶剂可为乙酸乙酯、乙酸丁酯、异丙醇、乙醇中的一种或多种,在本实施例中,均采用乙酸丁酯:异丙醇:乙醇=4:3:3(体积比)做溶剂,溶剂总重量是其它组分总重量的0.3-3倍。
表1:光固化超亲水涂料组合物组分及含量
实施例9 ABS基材上光固化超亲水涂层的制备
将实施例5所得光固化超亲水涂料组合物配方#1至#6原液涂覆在ABS 板材上,60-80℃预烘2-3min,紫外LED灯光固化30-60s,能量为 500-1000mJ/cm2,涂覆方式为喷涂、淋涂、滴涂、刮涂或滚涂中的一种。
实施例10超亲水涂层的性能测试
将实施例9中制备得到的光固化超亲水涂层,即光固化超亲水涂料组合物配方#1至#6进行测试,结果如表2所示:
表2光固化超亲水涂层性能测试
Claims (10)
2.一种光固化单体的制备方法,其特征在于包括以下步骤:
1)三羟甲基丙烷在强碱作用下与环氧丙烷开环加成,80~120℃下反应3~6h,三羟基甲基丙烷与环氧丙烷的摩尔比为1:3~1:7;
2)将步骤1)的产物与丙烯酸在60~80℃下进行酯化反应3~6h,对甲苯磺酸作为催化剂,二者摩尔比为1:1~1:1.5,得到含聚乙二醇链段的乙氧化三羟甲基丙烷三丙烯酸酯。
3.一种光固化超亲水涂料组合物,其特征在于,为全亲水体系,包括如下重量份的组分:
一种如权利要求1所述的光固化单体25~45份;
表面活性剂3~5份;
光固化低聚物33~48份;
光固化两性离子单体10~15份;
活性稀释剂单体5~10份;
流平剂1~2份;
光引发剂3~5份;
所述组合物还包括溶剂,所述溶剂重量是其它组分总重量的0.5-3倍。
4.根据权利要求3所述光固化超亲水涂料组合物,其特征在于,所述表面活性剂为非离子氟表面活性剂FS3100、FS30、FS31、FS34、FS1700中的一种或多种。
5.根据权利要求3所述光固化超亲水涂料组合物,其特征在于,所述光固化低聚物为聚乙二醇丙烯酸酯、聚氨酯丙烯酸酯中的一种或两种的组合。
6.根据权利要求3所述光固化超亲水涂料组合物,其特征在于,所述光固化两性离子单体包括2-丙烯酰胺-2-甲基丙磺酸、烯丙氧基壬基酚丙醇聚氧乙烯醚硫酸铵中的一种或两种的组合。
7.根据权利要求3所述光固化超亲水涂料组合物,其特征在于,所述活性稀释剂单体包括丙烯酸、衣康酸、丙烯酸羟乙酯中的一种或多种;所述流平剂为丙烯酸酯类流平剂,分子量在6000-20000之间。
8.根据权利要求3所述光固化超亲水涂料组合物,其特征在于,所述光引发剂包括2-羟基-2-甲基-1-苯基丙酮,1-羟基环己基苯基甲酮,2,4,6-三甲基苯甲酰基-二苯基氧化膦中的一种或多种;所述溶剂包括乙酸乙酯、乙酸丁酯、乙醇、异丙醇中的一种或多种。
9.一种用于ABS基材的光固化超亲水涂层的制备方法,其特征在于,将如权利要求3~8任一项所述光固化超亲水涂料组合物涂覆在ABS基材上,60-80℃预烘2-3min,紫外LED灯光固化30-60s,能量为500-1000mJ/cm2。
10.根据权利要求9所述用于ABS基材的光固化超亲水涂层的制备方法,其特征在于,所述涂覆方式为喷涂、淋涂、滴涂、刮涂或滚涂中的一种。。
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