CN114956888A - Water-retention controlled-release fertilizer and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Water-retention controlled-release fertilizer and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN114956888A CN114956888A CN202210301474.4A CN202210301474A CN114956888A CN 114956888 A CN114956888 A CN 114956888A CN 202210301474 A CN202210301474 A CN 202210301474A CN 114956888 A CN114956888 A CN 114956888A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
- C05B1/00—Superphosphates, i.e. fertilisers produced by reacting rock or bone phosphates with sulfuric or phosphoric acid in such amounts and concentrations as to yield solid products directly
- C05B1/02—Superphosphates
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
- C05B7/00—Fertilisers based essentially on alkali or ammonium orthophosphates
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/40—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity for affecting fertiliser dosage or release rate; for affecting solubility
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/80—Soil conditioners
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G5/00—Fertilisers characterised by their form
- C05G5/10—Solid or semi-solid fertilisers, e.g. powders
- C05G5/12—Granules or flakes
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G5/00—Fertilisers characterised by their form
- C05G5/30—Layered or coated, e.g. dust-preventing coatings
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/20—Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions in agriculture, e.g. CO2
- Y02P60/21—Dinitrogen oxide [N2O], e.g. using aquaponics, hydroponics or efficiency measures
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Fertilizers (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a water-retaining controlled-release fertilizer and a preparation method thereof, belonging to the technical field of controlled-release fertilizers, and the fertilizer is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 100-120 parts of chemical fertilizer, 25-40 parts of magnesium ammonium phosphate powder, 20-30 parts of modified sepiolite, 20-30 parts of vermiculite powder, 15-20 parts of polyvinyl alcohol, 10-15 parts of inorganic membrane conditioner and 1-3 parts of plasticizer. The fertilizer can effectively improve the water absorption and water retention of the fertilizer, improve the water holding capacity of soil, improve the soil structure and reduce the irrigation frequency, is suitable for wide arid and semi-arid areas in China, the nutrient release of the fertilizer meets the requirements of plants, and the leaching loss, microbial decomposition and soil fixation of the nutrients are reduced.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of slow and controlled release fertilizers, and particularly relates to a water-retention controlled release fertilizer and a preparation method thereof.
Background
The production of crops by chemical fertilizers has been recognized as a significant function. The utilization rate of the existing chemical fertilizer is less than 30%, the rest of the chemical fertilizer is lost along with water and soil, and the application of the chemical fertilizer not only causes great waste, but also pollutes soil and underground water resources, so that the development of the slow controlled release fertilizer is listed as a support project of key development by the nation.
Compared with the traditional fertilizer, the slow/controlled release fertilizer (controlled release fertilizer) has the following advantages: (1) nutrients are effectively controlled and slowly released, the damage to the root system of crops due to overhigh local fertilizer concentration is avoided, and the use is safe; (2) the slow controlled release fertilizer is applied once without additional fertilization, thereby reducing the number and times of fertilization and saving labor and cost; (3) nutrient release of the controlled-release fertilizer conforms to the absorption rule of crops, the crops grow more robustly, the stress resistance is improved, and the quality of agricultural products is obviously improved; (4) the slow and controlled release fertilizer can greatly improve the utilization rate of the fertilizer, effectively avoid the volatilization of nitrogen and the loss and fixation of phosphorus and potassium, and reduce the pollution to the environment.
The nutrient release rate of the fertilizer is mainly determined by the characteristics of the coating wall material, and is relatively less influenced by the soil environmental conditions. The nutrient release rate is relatively uniform and slow, the nutrient release curve is more regular and is similar to the nutrient absorption curve of crops, the controlled release effect is better, the controlled release fertilizer can be simultaneously applied with seeds in situ, the seedling burning phenomenon is not generated, and the requirements of various nutrients of the crops can be simultaneously met by one-time large-scale application; however, in order to achieve perfect coating and relatively precise controlled release curve, the fertilizer chemist usually uses artificially synthesized high molecular polymer as the coating wall material and adopts advanced coating technology, which results in too high coating cost and environmental negative effect of the coating wall material, and also has no water absorption and retention performance, and is not suitable for dry, water-deficient or large-daily-evaporation-amount areas.
Therefore, the technical problem to be solved by the technical personnel in the field is to provide a water-retaining controlled-release fertilizer and a preparation method thereof.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the invention provides a water-retention controlled-release fertilizer and a preparation method thereof.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a water-retention controlled-release fertilizer is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 100-120 parts of chemical fertilizer, 25-40 parts of magnesium ammonium phosphate powder, 20-30 parts of modified sepiolite, 20-30 parts of vermiculite powder, 15-20 parts of polyvinyl alcohol, 10-15 parts of inorganic membrane conditioner and 1-3 parts of plasticizer.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the invention adopts natural inorganic filler vermiculite powder and modified sepiolite as water retention agents, can effectively improve the water absorption and water retention of the fertilizer, improve the water retention of soil, improve the soil structure and reduce the irrigation frequency, and is suitable for wide arid and semi-arid areas in China. According to the invention, the inorganic membrane conditioner is added into the coating wall material, so that the adhesion phenomenon in the coating process can be overcome, the coating wall material can generate micro-gaps, the aperture size can be controlled, and the dissolution rate of the fertilizer can be controlled; the plasticizer is added to increase the plasticity and toughness of the film, so that the envelope is more uniform and complete. The dissolving process of the magnesium ammonium phosphate powder adopted by the water-retaining controlled-release fertilizer is matched with each growth stage of plants, the nutrient release of the fertilizer meets the requirements of the plants, and the leaching loss of nutrients, microbial decomposition and soil fixation are reduced. The invention can be used for flowers, fruits and vegetables, economic forests, corn and other field crops, and all the raw materials of the invention play a role together to improve the crop yield.
Further, the water-retaining controlled-release fertilizer is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 110 parts of chemical fertilizer, 30 parts of magnesium ammonium phosphate powder, 25 parts of modified sepiolite, 25 parts of vermiculite powder, 18 parts of polyvinyl alcohol, 13 parts of inorganic membrane conditioner and 2 parts of plasticizer.
The beneficial effects of the further technical scheme are that: the invention obtains the best raw material ratio through a large number of screening tests, and has the best water retention and controlled release effects.
Further, the chemical fertilizer is a compound fertilizer of a nitrogen fertilizer, a potassium fertilizer and a phosphate fertilizer, and the mass ratio of the nitrogen fertilizer to the potassium fertilizer to the phosphate fertilizer is (20-35) to (14-25) to (8-15).
The beneficial effects of the further technical scheme are that: the fertilizer is balanced in nutrition, the utilization efficiency of the fertilizer can be effectively improved, the rapid and healthy growth of plants is promoted, and the yield is increased.
Further, the nitrogen fertilizer is one or more of urea, ammonium sulfate and ammonium nitrate, the potassium fertilizer is one or two of potassium chloride and potassium sulfate, and the phosphate fertilizer is one or two of calcium superphosphate and calcium magnesium phosphate.
Further, the modified sepiolite is prepared by soaking sepiolite in a hydrochloric acid solution with the concentration of 1.3mol/L for 3 hours, and then filtering, washing, drying and sieving with a 300-mesh sieve.
The beneficial effects of the further technical scheme are that: the sepiolite is modified to be used as a water retention agent, so that the water absorption and the water retention of the fertilizer can be effectively improved.
Furthermore, the particle size of the fertilizer is 150-200 meshes, the particle size of the magnesium ammonium phosphate powder is 250-300 meshes, and the particle size of the vermiculite powder is 300-350 meshes.
Further, the inorganic film conditioner is one or more of talcum powder, zeolite powder, calcium carbonate, silicon dioxide and diatomite.
Further, the plasticizer is polyethylene glycol, ethylene glycol, propylene glycol or dimethyl phthalate.
The invention also provides a preparation method of the water-retaining controlled-release fertilizer, which comprises the following steps:
(1) weighing the raw materials according to the water-retaining controlled-release fertilizer, dissolving polyvinyl alcohol in water to prepare a polyvinyl alcohol aqueous solution with the concentration of 5-7 wt%, adding 1/2 polyvinyl alcohol aqueous solution into the modified sepiolite, mixing and stirring, adding vermiculite powder, continuously mixing and stirring, drying, and grinding to obtain the modified sepiolite powder wrapped by the vermiculite powder after the particle size is 250-300 meshes;
(2) adding the fertilizer into the residual polyvinyl alcohol aqueous solution, mixing and stirring, adding the modified sepiolite powder wrapped by the vermiculite powder, and continuously stirring, mixing and stirring to obtain a modified compound fertilizer;
(3) mixing and stirring water, magnesium ammonium phosphate powder, an inorganic film conditioner and a plasticizer to obtain a coating agent, wherein the amount of the water is 10 times of the total mass of the magnesium ammonium phosphate powder, the inorganic film conditioner and the plasticizer;
(4) and (3) putting the modified compound fertilizer into a rotary drum coating machine, spraying a coating agent on the surface of the modified compound fertilizer by using a spray gun while the modified compound fertilizer rolls in a rotary drum until a layer of uniform separation film is formed outside the particles, and then carrying out ventilation drying and cooling to obtain the water-retaining controlled-release fertilizer.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the water-retaining controlled-release fertilizer has simple preparation process and low production cost, and is convenient for large-scale popularization and use.
Further, the stirring rotation speed of the steps (1) to (3) is 50-60r/min, and the stirring time is 15-20 minutes; and (4) the rotating speed of the rotary drum coating machine is 50-60 r/min.
The beneficial effects of the further technical scheme are that: the process parameters are properly selected, the production efficiency is improved, and the production cost is reduced.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
The modified sepiolite is prepared by soaking sepiolite in hydrochloric acid solution with the concentration of 1.3mol/L for 3 hours, and then filtering, washing, drying and sieving with a 300-mesh sieve. In practical application, the particle sizes of the fertilizer, the magnesium ammonium phosphate powder and the vermiculite powder used in each embodiment are various, the particle size of the fertilizer is selected to be 150-350 meshes, the particle size of the magnesium ammonium phosphate powder is selected to be 250-300 meshes, and the particle size of the vermiculite powder is selected to be 300-350 meshes.
Example 1
The preparation method of the water-retaining controlled-release fertilizer comprises the following steps:
(1) weighing 110 kg of chemical fertilizer, 30 kg of magnesium ammonium phosphate powder, 25 kg of modified sepiolite, 25 kg of vermiculite powder, 18 kg of polyvinyl alcohol, 13 kg of talcum powder and 2 kg of polyethylene glycol, wherein the chemical fertilizer is a compound fertilizer of a nitrogen fertilizer, a potassium fertilizer and a phosphate fertilizer, the mass ratio of the nitrogen fertilizer, the potassium fertilizer and the phosphate fertilizer is 30:20:12, the nitrogen fertilizer is urea, the potassium fertilizer is potassium chloride, and the phosphate fertilizer is calcium superphosphate;
(2) dissolving polyvinyl alcohol in water to prepare a polyvinyl alcohol aqueous solution with the concentration of 6 wt%, adding 1/2 polyvinyl alcohol aqueous solution into modified sepiolite, mixing and stirring at the stirring speed of 55r/min for 18 minutes, adding vermiculite powder, continuing mixing and stirring at the stirring speed of 55r/min for 18 minutes, drying and grinding to obtain modified sepiolite powder wrapped by the vermiculite powder, wherein the particle size of the modified sepiolite powder is 250-300 meshes;
(3) adding the fertilizer into the residual polyvinyl alcohol aqueous solution, mixing and stirring at the stirring speed of 55r/min for 18 minutes, adding the modified sepiolite powder wrapped by the vermiculite powder, and continuously stirring and stirring at the stirring speed of 55r/min for 18 minutes to obtain a modified compound fertilizer;
(4) mixing and stirring water, magnesium ammonium phosphate powder, an inorganic film conditioner and a plasticizer at the stirring speed of 55r/min for 18 minutes to obtain a coating agent, wherein the using amount of the water is 10 times of the total mass of the magnesium ammonium phosphate powder, the inorganic film conditioner and the plasticizer;
(5) and (2) putting the modified compound fertilizer into a rotary drum coating machine, wherein the rotating speed of the rotary drum coating machine is 55r/min, spraying a coating agent on the surface of the modified compound fertilizer by using a spray gun while the modified compound fertilizer rolls in a rotary drum until a layer of uniform separation film is formed outside the particles, and then carrying out ventilation drying and cooling to obtain the water-retention controlled-release fertilizer.
Example 2
The preparation method of the water-retaining controlled-release fertilizer comprises the following steps:
(1) weighing 100 kg of chemical fertilizer, 25 kg of ammonium magnesium phosphate powder, 20 kg of modified sepiolite, 20 kg of vermiculite powder, 15 kg of polyvinyl alcohol, 10 kg of zeolite powder and 1 kg of ethylene glycol, wherein the chemical fertilizer is a compound fertilizer of a nitrogen fertilizer, a potassium fertilizer and a phosphate fertilizer, the mass ratio of the nitrogen fertilizer, the potassium fertilizer and the phosphate fertilizer is 20:14:8, the nitrogen fertilizer is ammonium sulfate, the potassium fertilizer is potassium sulfate, and the phosphate fertilizer is calcium magnesium phosphate;
(2) dissolving polyvinyl alcohol in water to prepare a polyvinyl alcohol aqueous solution with the concentration of 5 wt%, adding 1/2 polyvinyl alcohol aqueous solution into modified sepiolite, mixing and stirring at the stirring speed of 50r/min for 15 minutes, adding vermiculite powder, continuing mixing and stirring at the stirring speed of 50r/min for 15 minutes, drying and grinding to obtain the modified sepiolite powder wrapped by the vermiculite powder after the particle size is 250-300 meshes;
(3) adding the fertilizer into the residual polyvinyl alcohol aqueous solution, mixing and stirring at the stirring speed of 50r/min for 15 minutes, adding the modified sepiolite powder wrapped by the vermiculite powder, and continuing to stir, mixing and stirring at the stirring speed of 50r/min for 15 minutes to obtain a modified compound fertilizer;
(4) mixing and stirring water, magnesium ammonium phosphate powder, an inorganic film conditioner and a plasticizer at the stirring speed of 50r/min for 15 minutes to obtain a coating agent, wherein the using amount of the water is 10 times of the total mass of the magnesium ammonium phosphate powder, the inorganic film conditioner and the plasticizer;
(5) and (2) putting the modified compound fertilizer into a rotary drum coating machine, wherein the rotating speed of the rotary drum coating machine is 50r/min, spraying a coating agent on the surface of the modified compound fertilizer by using a spray gun while the modified compound fertilizer rolls in a rotary drum until a layer of uniform separation film is formed outside particles, ventilating, drying and cooling to obtain the water-retaining controlled-release fertilizer.
Example 3
The preparation method of the water-retaining controlled-release fertilizer comprises the following steps:
(1) weighing 120 kg of chemical fertilizer, 40 kg of ammonium phosphate magnesium powder, 30 kg of modified sepiolite, 30 kg of vermiculite powder, 20 kg of polyvinyl alcohol, 15 kg of calcium carbonate and 3 kg of propylene glycol, wherein the chemical fertilizer is a compound fertilizer of a nitrogenous fertilizer, a potash fertilizer and a phosphate fertilizer, the mass ratio of the nitrogenous fertilizer to the potash fertilizer to the phosphate fertilizer is 35:25:15, the nitrogenous fertilizer is ammonium nitrate, the potash fertilizer is potassium sulfate, and the phosphate fertilizer is calcium superphosphate;
(2) dissolving polyvinyl alcohol in water to prepare a polyvinyl alcohol aqueous solution with the concentration of 7 wt%, adding 1/2 polyvinyl alcohol aqueous solution into modified sepiolite, mixing and stirring at the stirring speed of 60r/min for 20 minutes, adding vermiculite powder, continuing mixing and stirring at the stirring speed of 60r/min for 20 minutes, drying and grinding to obtain the modified sepiolite powder wrapped by the vermiculite powder after the particle size is 250-300 meshes;
(3) adding the fertilizer into the residual polyvinyl alcohol aqueous solution, mixing and stirring at the stirring speed of 60r/min for 20 minutes, adding the modified sepiolite powder wrapped by the vermiculite powder, and continuing to stir, mixing and stirring at the stirring speed of 60r/min for 20 minutes to obtain a modified compound fertilizer;
(4) mixing and stirring water, magnesium ammonium phosphate powder, an inorganic film conditioner and a plasticizer at the stirring speed of 60r/min for 20 minutes to obtain a coating agent, wherein the using amount of the water is 10 times of the total mass of the magnesium ammonium phosphate powder, the inorganic film conditioner and the plasticizer;
(5) and (2) putting the modified compound fertilizer into a rotary drum coating machine, wherein the rotating speed of the rotary drum coating machine is 60r/min, spraying a coating agent on the surface of the modified compound fertilizer by using a spray gun while the modified compound fertilizer rolls in a rotary drum until a layer of uniform separation film is formed outside the particles, and then carrying out ventilation drying and cooling to obtain the water-retention controlled-release fertilizer.
Example 4
The preparation method of the water-retaining controlled-release fertilizer comprises the following steps:
(1) weighing 115 kg of chemical fertilizer, 35 kg of magnesium ammonium phosphate powder, 28 kg of modified sepiolite, 28 kg of vermiculite powder, 17 kg of polyvinyl alcohol, 14 kg of silicon dioxide and 2 kg of dimethyl phthalate, wherein the chemical fertilizer is a compound fertilizer of a nitrogen fertilizer, a potassium fertilizer and a phosphate fertilizer, the mass ratio of the nitrogen fertilizer, the potassium fertilizer and the phosphate fertilizer is 33:23:14, the nitrogen fertilizer is ammonium nitrate, the potassium fertilizer is potassium sulfate and the phosphate fertilizer is calcium superphosphate;
(2) dissolving polyvinyl alcohol in water to prepare a polyvinyl alcohol aqueous solution with the concentration of 7 wt%, adding 1/2 polyvinyl alcohol aqueous solution into modified sepiolite, mixing and stirring at the stirring speed of 58r/min for 17 minutes, adding vermiculite powder, continuing mixing and stirring at the stirring speed of 58r/min for 17 minutes, drying and grinding to obtain the modified sepiolite powder wrapped by the vermiculite powder after the particle size is 250-300 meshes;
(3) adding the fertilizer into the residual polyvinyl alcohol aqueous solution, mixing and stirring at the stirring speed of 58r/min for 18 minutes, adding the modified sepiolite powder wrapped by the vermiculite powder, and continuing to stir, mixing and stirring at the stirring speed of 58r/min for 18 minutes to obtain a modified compound fertilizer;
(4) mixing and stirring water, magnesium ammonium phosphate powder, an inorganic film conditioner and a plasticizer at the stirring speed of 58r/min for 17 minutes to obtain a coating agent, wherein the using amount of the water is 10 times of the total mass of the magnesium ammonium phosphate powder, the inorganic film conditioner and the plasticizer;
(5) and (2) putting the modified compound fertilizer into a rotary drum coating machine, wherein the rotating speed of the rotary drum coating machine is 59r/min, spraying a coating agent on the surface of the modified compound fertilizer by using a spray gun while the modified compound fertilizer rolls in a rotary drum until a layer of uniform separation film is formed outside the particles, and then carrying out ventilation drying and cooling to obtain the water-retention controlled-release fertilizer.
Experiment of controlled Release Effect
Experiment one: the water-retention and controlled-release fertilizer prepared in example 1 is used for fertilizing corn, and is only used as a base fertilizer once a year, meanwhile, the fertilizer in example 1 is used as a control, other planting conditions are the same, and the average yield of corn in an experimental group is increased by 14.7% compared with that of the corn in a control group.
Experiment two: the water-retention and controlled-release fertilizer prepared in the example 2 is used for fertilizing the corns and is only used as a base fertilizer once a year, meanwhile, the fertilizer in the example 2 is used as a control, other planting conditions are the same, and the average yield of the corns in an experimental group is increased by 14.2% compared with that of the corns in a control group.
Experiment three: the water-retention and controlled-release fertilizer prepared in example 3 is used for fertilizing corn, and is only used as a base fertilizer once a year, meanwhile, the fertilizer prepared in example 3 is used as a control, other planting conditions are the same, and the average yield of corn in an experimental group is increased by 14.6% compared with that in a control group.
Experiment four: the water-retention and controlled-release fertilizer prepared in the example 4 is used for fertilizing corn, and is only used as a base fertilizer once a year, meanwhile, the fertilizer prepared in the example 4 is used as a control, other planting conditions are the same, and the average yield of the corn in an experimental group is increased by 14.4% compared with that in a control group.
The water-retention controlled-release fertilizer can effectively reduce the loss rate of the fertilizer, improve the utilization efficiency of the fertilizer, simultaneously has balanced nutrition, can promote the quick and healthy growth of corn, and improve the corn yield and the corn sugar content.
The description of the disclosed embodiments is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to make or use the present invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Thus, the present invention is not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown herein but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.
Claims (10)
1. The water-retaining controlled-release fertilizer is characterized by being prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 100-120 parts of chemical fertilizer, 25-40 parts of magnesium ammonium phosphate powder, 20-30 parts of modified sepiolite, 20-30 parts of vermiculite powder, 15-20 parts of polyvinyl alcohol, 10-15 parts of inorganic membrane conditioner and 1-3 parts of plasticizer.
2. The water-retention controlled-release fertilizer according to claim 1, characterized by being prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 110 parts of chemical fertilizer, 30 parts of magnesium ammonium phosphate powder, 25 parts of modified sepiolite, 25 parts of vermiculite powder, 18 parts of polyvinyl alcohol, 13 parts of inorganic membrane conditioner and 2 parts of plasticizer.
3. The water-retention controlled-release fertilizer as claimed in claim 1, wherein the fertilizer is a compound fertilizer of a nitrogen fertilizer, a potassium fertilizer and a phosphate fertilizer, and the mass ratio of the nitrogen fertilizer, the potassium fertilizer and the phosphate fertilizer is (20-35): (14-25): (8-15).
4. The water-retaining controlled-release fertilizer according to claim 3, wherein the nitrogen fertilizer is one or more of urea, ammonium sulfate and ammonium nitrate, the potassium fertilizer is one or two of potassium chloride and potassium sulfate, and the phosphate fertilizer is one or two of calcium superphosphate and calcium magnesium phosphate.
5. The water-retaining controlled-release fertilizer as claimed in claim 1, wherein the modified sepiolite is prepared by soaking sepiolite in 1.3mol/L hydrochloric acid solution for 3h, and then filtering, washing, drying and sieving with 300 mesh sieve.
6. The water-retaining controlled-release fertilizer as claimed in claim 1, wherein the fertilizer has a particle size of 150-200 meshes, the ammonium magnesium phosphate powder has a particle size of 250-300 meshes, and the vermiculite powder has a particle size of 300-350 meshes.
7. The water-retaining controlled-release fertilizer as claimed in claim 1, wherein the inorganic membrane conditioner is one or more of talcum powder, zeolite powder, calcium carbonate, silica and diatomite.
8. The water-retaining controlled-release fertilizer according to claim 1, wherein the plasticizer is polyethylene glycol, ethylene glycol, propylene glycol or dimethyl phthalate.
9. The preparation method of the water-retaining controlled-release fertilizer is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
(1) weighing the raw materials of the water-retaining controlled-release fertilizer according to any one of claims 1 to 8, dissolving polyvinyl alcohol in water to prepare a polyvinyl alcohol aqueous solution with the concentration of 5 to 7 weight percent, adding 1/2 polyvinyl alcohol aqueous solution into the modified sepiolite, mixing and stirring, adding vermiculite powder, continuously mixing and stirring, drying, grinding to the particle size of 250-300 meshes to obtain the modified sepiolite powder wrapped by the vermiculite powder;
(2) adding the fertilizer into the residual polyvinyl alcohol aqueous solution, mixing and stirring, adding the modified sepiolite powder wrapped by the vermiculite powder, and continuously stirring and mixing to obtain a modified compound fertilizer;
(3) mixing and stirring water, magnesium ammonium phosphate powder, an inorganic film conditioner and a plasticizer to obtain a coating agent, wherein the amount of the water is 10 times of the total mass of the magnesium ammonium phosphate powder, the inorganic film conditioner and the plasticizer;
(4) and (3) putting the modified compound fertilizer into a rotary drum coating machine, spraying a coating agent on the surface of the modified compound fertilizer by using a spray gun while the modified compound fertilizer rolls in a rotary drum until a layer of uniform separation film is formed outside the particles, and then carrying out ventilation drying and cooling to obtain the water-retaining controlled-release fertilizer.
10. The preparation method of the water-retaining controlled-release fertilizer as claimed in claim 9, wherein the stirring speeds in the steps (1) to (3) are all 50 to 60r/min, and the stirring time is 15 to 20 minutes; and (4) the rotating speed of the rotary drum coating machine is 50-60 r/min.
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