CN101723752A - Biodegradable coated compound fertilizer and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Biodegradable coated compound fertilizer and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN101723752A CN101723752A CN 200810228138 CN200810228138A CN101723752A CN 101723752 A CN101723752 A CN 101723752A CN 200810228138 CN200810228138 CN 200810228138 CN 200810228138 A CN200810228138 A CN 200810228138A CN 101723752 A CN101723752 A CN 101723752A
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Abstract
The invention relates to a coated compound fertilizer, in particular to a totally biodegradable coated compound fertilizer and a preparation method thereof. The coated compound fertilizer consists of a coated layer and a compound fertilizer core. The main body of the coated layer is polylactic acid and/or polybutylene succinate. The coating process adopts fluidized bed spraying-coated technology, and comprises the following steps: dissolving polylactic acid and/or polybutylene succinate in trichloromethane, adding carboxymethylcellulose, urease and/or nitrification inhibitor, organic and/or inorganic conditioner in the solution, spraying and coating the surfaces of the fluidized compound fertilizer granules after uniformly mixing the mixture under the stirring of a stirrer to form the uniform and complete organic polymeric membrane layer. The process has the advantages of easy implementation, and capacity of effectively slowing down the release of the fertilizer nutrient to the outside and the conversion rate of nitrogen in soils, effectively controlling the release and conversion of the fertilizer nutrient in soils, and reducing the pressure on environment caused by the rapid release of nutrient. The coated material can be totally biodegradable, and the degradation products have no secondary pollution to the environment.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to coated compound fertilizer, specifically coated compound fertilizer of a kind of fully biodegradable and preparation method thereof.
Background technology
Traditional chemical fertilizer, especially nitrogenous fertilizer, because losses such as volatilization, leaching and runoffs, this season utilization ratio has only 30%～40% even lower.Utilization rate of nitrogen fertilizer is not high, and is not only unfavorable to the volume increase of farm crop, but also influences quality of agricultural product, and economic benefit is low, also can cause atmosphere N
2O and NO
XSerious ecological environment problems such as pollution, groundwater azotate accumulation and body eutrophication.The loss of phosphate fertilizer is also very important, because it is one of essential nutrient element of the synthetic living matter of organism, is the limiting factor of most of internal water body pollutions.
In order to improve utilization rate of fertilizer and to alleviate the environmental stress that causes because of fertilising, produce the important directions that slowly-releasing concentrated fertilizer has become international fertilizer industry development.Dissolve in soil at available nutrient at present and discharge too fast shortcoming, coated compound fertilizer, macromolecular material coated compound fertilizer, natural organic matter coated compound fertilizer and slow-release phosphate fertilizer parcel composite fertilizer etc. have been developed exploitation.Think that according to the study the nutrient release rate of coated fertilizer mainly by the Characteristics Control of coated fertilizer, is subjected to the edatope condition influence less relatively.Its nutrient release rate relatively evenly, slowly can significantly reduce NO
3Fixing and loss of the leaching loss of-N and ammonia loss by volatilization and phosphorus potassium element effectively improved the utilization ratio of nutrients such as fertilizer nitrogen phosphorus potassium, can use with seed while coordination, once uses in a large number not produce and burns the seedling phenomenon.
At present a lot of about the patent of coat fertilizer, used film material mainly contains sulphur and macromolecular material etc.With sulphur is the long-lasting fertilizer not as good as macromolecular material bag quilt of coated fertilizer of main raw material.Though the fertilizer of macromolecular material bag quilt has sustained release performance preferably, but at present the macromolecular material that adopts mostly is the polyolefine material, thermosetting material of difficult degradation etc., as several well-known fertilizer: slow-release fertilizer Meister, the Nutricote of the Osmocote of U.S. Scotts company, Japanese Chisso company, and the United States Patent (USP) such as the patent No. 4857098,6187074; Domestic patent is as 200410035783.3 etc.Though these fertilizer all have slow-releasing preferably,,, certainly will exert an adverse impact to soil and plant growth along with the long-term application of fertilizer will inevitably form the accumulation of film material in soil because its wall material is difficult to degraded or degradation time decades easily.The serious secondary pollution that also can cause soil.The characteristics that soil pollution has disguise, chronicity and is difficult to repair with respect to atmosphere and water pollution, so we must reduce or stop non-degradable material and difficult degradation material when producing and using coat fertilizer use, reduce the risk of soil pollution, alleviate environmental stress.
Poly(lactic acid) (PLA) is also referred to as polylactide, is the polymkeric substance that obtains for the main raw material polymerization with lactic acid, and raw material sources fully and can regenerate.The production process of poly(lactic acid) is pollution-free, and product can biological degradation, is implemented in the circulation of occurring in nature, is the ideal green macromolecular material therefore.Outside the product decapacitation biological degradation of being made by poly(lactic acid), biocompatibility, glossiness, the transparency, feel and good heat resistance also have certain fungus resistance, flame retardant resistance and ultraviolet-resistent property, so purposes is very extensive.Poly(lactic acid) can be degraded fully by the occurring in nature microorganism after using, and finally generates carbonic acid gas and water, and is free from environmental pollution, highly beneficial to the protection environment.
Poly butylene succinate (PBS) enters the investigation of materials field the nineties in 20th century, and but the universal biodegradable plastic that becomes wide popularization and application is rapidly studied one of focus material, resistance toheat is good, and heat-drawn wire and goods use temperature can be above 100 ℃.Its synthesis material source both can be petroleum resources, also can obtain by the Biological resources fermentation, and PBS is the outstanding person in the biodegradable plastic material.
The present invention complies with epoch demand and the people needs to ecological environmental protection, and adopting the poly(lactic acid) and/or the poly butylene succinate of complete biodegradable is that film material main body adds urase and/or nitrification inhibitor simultaneously.Compound fertilizer granules with this film material bag quilt not only has the good slow release effect, and does not use in a large number for a long time and can produce harm to ecotope, and soil is not had the potential secondary pollution yet.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to provide a kind of and can controls the fertilizer nutrient stripping and can suppress the conversion of nitrogen in soil, novel coated compound fertilizer of environmentally friendly fully biodegradable and preparation method thereof again.
To achieve these goals, technical scheme of the present invention is:
A kind of coated compound fertilizer, it is pan coating one deck organic film at compound fertilizer granules, it is that core and the outer coating layer that coats thereof are formed by granulated fertilizer, the major ingredient of coating layer is the macromolecular material poly(lactic acid) and/or the poly butylene succinate of fully biodegradable, and the macromolecular material consumption is 5～15% of a fertile core weight.
Described fertile core is particle fertilizer, and particle diameter is advisable with 1～4mm, and nutrient content can suitably be regulated as required, and used composite fertilizer can be commercially available or homemade compound fertilizer granules; The molecular weight of described poly(lactic acid) and/or poly butylene succinate all from 50,000 to 300,000 can be used for purposes such as blown film, extrusion molding, and quality is a technical grade.
Described coating layer composition comprises, the poly(lactic acid) and/or the poly butylene succinate of fertile core weight 5～15%, in 100 parts of poly(lactic acid) and/or poly butylene succinates, wherein also be added with the urase and/or the nitrification inhibitor of 5～30 parts of carboxymethyl celluloses, 1～5 part of inorganic conditioner, 1～5 part of organic film material modifying agent, by weight of fertilizer 1～50 ‰.
Described carboxymethyl cellulose is a technical grade, and grain graininess is 300 orders
Described urease inhibitor is Co
2+, Cu
2+, Ba
2+, Mn
2+, Ag
2+Or Hg
2+Salt, acetoxyhydroxamic acid (AHA), sad hydroxamic acid (CHA), N-butyl thiophosphoric acid triamine (NBPT) or hexamethylene phosphoric acid triamine (CHPT); Nitrification inhibitor is pyridine, pyrimidine, thiocarbamide, thiazole, potassium azide, sodiumazide, hexachloroethane or dicyanodiamide.
Described inorganic conditioner is one or more the blend in talcum powder, quartz sand, borax, diatomite, clay, kaolin, the fused(calcium magnesium)phosphate, and this inorganic conditioner powder particle granularity is 300 orders.
Described film material modifying agent is polyoxyethylene glycol, poly-sebacic acid propylene glycol ester, tributyl citrate, tributyl acetylcitrate, epoxy soybean oil, the blend of one or more in the dioctyl sebacate.
The preparation method of described coated compound fertilizer:
1) preparation of coating liquid: by weight calculating, with 100 parts of consumptions be fertile core weight 5～15% poly(lactic acid) and/or poly butylene succinate, be dissolved in 500～1500 parts of trichloromethane solvents, in above-mentioned solution, add 5～30 parts and 1～5 part inorganic conditioner of carboxymethyl cellulose, add 1～5 part of organic film material modifying agent again, an amount of urase and/or nitrification inhibitor, the coating solution of formation homogeneous;
2) adopt the fluidized-bed spraying film-coating technique, with agitator coating liquid is mixed the back and spray the bag quilt, form evenly complete rete on fluidized fertiliser granulates surface.
Described trichloromethane can also use trichloroethane, benzene, methylene dichloride, dimethylbenzene or methylene dichloride-acetone mixed solvent to substitute.
The operating parameter of described fluidized-bed is: inlet temperature: 40～75 ℃; Pressurized air pressure: 0.3～0.9MPa; Shower nozzle atomizing pressure: 0.1～0.6MPa.
The principle of the invention is: compound fertilizer granules is carried out the physical package quilt and adds urase and nitrification inhibitor, slow down the rate of release of composite fertilizer's nutrient in soil and the form transformation of nitrogen greatly, effectively prevent instant nitrogenousfertilizer snap-out release and cause that local soil pH sharply changes in soil, avoid a large amount of ammonia loss by volatilization and, effective form retention time in soil of nitrogen is prolonged doing the toxic action of deposits yields ammonia.Delay simultaneously the rate of release of phosphorus potassium nutrition in soil effectively.The risk that alleviates the fixing of phosphorus element and run off alleviates the pollution of area source problem that fertilizer causes environment effectively.And can use with seed while coordination, burn the seedling phenomenon and do not produce.Can effectively improve the physics and the accumulating performance of fertilizer to fertilizer coating.
Because the equal fully biodegradable of material that the present invention adopts, so after fertilizer nutrient discharged fully, the rete that stays can thoroughly be degraded in the time in 1～2 year, can not form accumulation in soil, the final product of degraded is carbonic acid gas and water, can not produce potential to edatope and threaten.
In the polymer coated fertilizer, add the mineral membrane amendment, can effectively reduce the adhesion phenomenon in the coating process, and the rate of release of effectively regulating nutrient in the coated fertilizer.
Adding organic membrane material modifying agent can improve the physicals of coating liquid in coating liquid, makes the coating liquid atomizing effect better, and the rete of formation is more evenly complete.
Compared with prior art, advantage of the present invention and positively effect are as follows:
Film material main body of the present invention is the macromolecular material of fully biodegradable, and this material can produce degraded fast in soil, and the residual cumulative phenomenon of film material can not take place in the long-term application process of fertilizer, can not cause the secondary pollution problem.
Not only can not have a negative impact after coated compound fertilizer of the present invention is manured into soil, the carbon element source can be provided for the microorganism in the soil on the contrary edatope, very favourable to microorganism growth in the soil.Realized making the release of fertilizer nutrient slow, alleviated nutrient snap-out release and a large amount of pressure that run off environment is caused, had very big environmental benefit effective control of fertilizer nutrient release and nitrogen form conversion rate.
Embodiment
Below by embodiment in detail the present invention is described in detail.The fertilizer that adopts in the example is commercially available composite fertilizer, and nutrients ratio is N-P
2O
5-K
2O:15-15-15.Also available this film material bag is by the granular compound fertilizer of other each nutrients ratio, and stripping fertilizer calculates with azotometer.
Annotate: the fluidized bed coating equipment exhaust system equipment that adopts in this patent adopts replaceable condensation retrieving arrangement, and the trichloromethane of recovery is for recycling.
The coated compound fertilizer of embodiment 1:8% coating quantity (fertile core is the granular compound fertilizer of particle diameter greater than 2.0mm)
With the fully dissolving in the 10L trichloromethane of 1kg poly(lactic acid), the poly(lactic acid) consumption is 8% of a fertile core weight; Add 0.03 borax, the poly-sebacic acid propylene glycol ester of 0.01kg in the solution after fully dissolving, under stirring, pours in the fluidized-bed receiver behind the mixing by agitator, be sprayed at fluidizing compound fertilizer granules surface, after about 1 hour, form evenly complete rete at fertile wicking surface.
After coating was finished: the film material was 7.5% of a by weight of fertilizer, and fertilizer nutrient content is 40.5%.
The operating parameter of fluidized-bed is: 45 ℃ of inlet temperature, and pressurized air pressure 0.4MPa, 0.2MPa is pressed in the shower nozzle atomizing.
The dissolution test result is in 25 ℃ of water: take by weighing 15g fertilizer and be dissolved in the 500ml distilled water, the nutrient of stripping 10% in the fertilizer core in 24 hours, the time of fertilizer nutrient stripping 80% from the coating shell is 36 days, and therefore, this coat fertilizer can be used with seed while coordination.But to discharge the fertilizer efficiency period of this fertilizer of empirical value conservative estimation in soil that equaled to discharge in the soil 4～7 days in 1 day in water is 110～150 days.
The coated compound fertilizer of embodiment 2:13% coating quantity (fertile core is the composite fertilizer of particle diameter greater than 2.0mm)
With the fully dissolving in the 10L trichloromethane of 1kg poly(lactic acid), the poly(lactic acid) consumption is 13% of a fertile core weight; Add 0.02kg talcum powder, 0.03kg polyoxyethylene glycol in the solution after fully dissolving, under stirring, pours in the fluidized-bed receiver after miscible by agitator, be sprayed at fluidizing compound fertilizer granules surface, after about 1 hour, form evenly complete rete on the compound fertilizer granules surface.
After coating was finished: coating film material was 12.1% of a by weight of fertilizer, and fertilizer nutrient content is 39.2%.
The operating parameter of fluidized-bed is: 45 ℃ of inlet temperature, and pressurized air pressure 0.8MPa, 0.4MPa is pressed in the shower nozzle atomizing.
The dissolution test result is in 25 ℃ of water: take by weighing 15g fertilizer and be dissolved in the 500ml distilled water, the nutrient of stripping 3% in the fertilizer core in 24 hours, the time of fertile core composite fertilizer stripping 80% from the coating shell is 75 days, and therefore, this coat fertilizer can be used with seed while coordination.But to discharge the fertilizer efficiency period of this fertilizer of empirical value conservative estimation in soil that equaled to discharge in the soil 4～7 days in 1 day in water is 170～220 days.
The coated compound fertilizer of embodiment 3:8% coating quantity (fertile core is the granular compound fertilizer of particle diameter greater than 2.0mm)
The 0.7kg poly(lactic acid) is dissolved in fully dissolving in the 8L trichloromethane, and the poly(lactic acid) consumption is 5.6% of a fertile core weight; The thiocarbamide that adds 0.3kg methylcellulose gum, 0.01kg fused(calcium magnesium)phosphate, the poly-sebacic acid propylene glycol ester of 0.02kg and by weight of fertilizer 2% in the solution after fully dissolving, under stirring, pours in the fluidized-bed receiver after miscible by agitator, be sprayed at fluidizing compound fertilizer granules surface, after about 1 hour, form evenly complete rete at fertile wicking surface.
After coating was finished: the film material was 7.6% of a by weight of fertilizer, and fertilizer nutrient content is 40.5%.
The operating parameter of fluidized-bed is: 45 ℃ of inlet temperature, and pressurized air pressure 0.6MPa, 0.3MPa is pressed in the shower nozzle atomizing.
The dissolution test result is in 25 ℃ of water: take by weighing 15g fertilizer and be dissolved in the 500ml distilled water, the nutrient of stripping 12% in the fertilizer core in 24 hours, the time of fertile core nutrient stripping 80% from the coating shell is 35 days, and therefore, this coat fertilizer can be used with seed while coordination.But to discharge the fertilizer efficiency period of this fertilizer of empirical value conservative estimation in soil that equaled to discharge in the soil 4～7 days in 1 day in water is 100～150 days.
The coated compound fertilizer of embodiment 4:13% coating quantity (fertile core is the granular compound fertilizer of particle diameter greater than 2.0mm)
With the fully dissolving in the 6L trichloromethane of 0.7kg poly(lactic acid), the poly(lactic acid) consumption is 9.1% of a fertile core weight; The thiocarbamide that adds 0.3kg methylcellulose gum, 0.02kg kaolin, 0.02kg polyoxyethylene glycol and by weight of fertilizer 3% in the solution after fully dissolving, under stirring, pours in the fluidized-bed receiver after miscible by agitator, be sprayed at fluidizing compound fertilizer granules surface, after about 1 hour, form evenly complete rete at fertile core outer surface.
The coating result is: the film material is 12.3% of a by weight of fertilizer, and fertilizer nutrient content is 40.3%.
The operating parameter of fluidized-bed is: 45 ℃ of inlet temperature, and pressurized air pressure 0.8MPa, 0.5MPa is pressed in the shower nozzle atomizing.
The dissolution test result is in 25 ℃ of water: take by weighing 15g fertilizer and be dissolved in the 500ml distilled water, the nutrient of stripping 4% in the fertilizer core in 24 hours, the time of fertile core nutrient stripping 80% from the coating shell is 60 days, and therefore, this coat fertilizer can be used with seed while coordination.But to discharge the fertilizer efficiency period of this fertilizer of empirical value conservative estimation in soil that equaled to discharge in the soil 4～7 days in 1 day in water is 180～230 days.
The coated compound fertilizer of embodiment 5:8% coating quantity (fertile core is the granular compound fertilizer of particle diameter greater than 2.0mm)
With the fully dissolving in the 8L trichloromethane of 1kg poly butylene succinate, the poly butylene succinate consumption is 8% of a fertile core weight; Add 0.03kg borax, the poly-sebacic acid propylene glycol ester of 0.03kg in the solution after fully dissolving, under stirring, pours in the fluidized-bed receiver after miscible by agitator, be sprayed at fluidizing compound fertilizer granules surface, after about 0.75 hour, form evenly complete rete at fertile wicking surface.
After coating was finished: the film material was 7.8% of a by weight of fertilizer, and fertilizer nutrient content is 42.7%.
The operating parameter of fluidized-bed is: 60 ℃ of inlet temperature, and pressurized air pressure 0.8MPa, 0.2MPa is pressed in the shower nozzle atomizing.
The dissolution test result is in 25 ℃ of water: take by weighing 15g fertilizer and be dissolved in the 500ml distilled water, and the nutrient of stripping 7% in the fertilizer core in 24 hours, the time of fertile core nutrient stripping 80% from putamina is 50 days.Therefore, this coat fertilizer can be used with seed while coordination.But to discharge the fertilizer efficiency period of this fertilizer of empirical value conservative estimation in soil that equaled to discharge in the soil 4～7 days in 1 day in water is 150～210 days.
The coated compound fertilizer of embodiment 6:13% coating quantity (fertile core is the granular compound fertilizer of particle diameter greater than 2.0mm)
With the fully dissolving in the 8L trichloromethane of 0.9kg poly butylene succinate, the poly butylene succinate consumption is 11.7% of a fertile core weight; Before composite fertilizer is implemented coating, in solution, add 0.1kg carboxymethyl cellulose, 0.02kg kaolin, 0.01kg polyoxyethylene glycol, pour in the fluidized-bed receiver, after miscible under the agitator stirring, be sprayed at fluidizing compound fertilizer granules surface, after about 1 hour, form evenly complete rete at fertile wicking surface.
After coating was finished: the film material was 12.5% of a by weight of fertilizer, and nutrient content is 40.3%.
The operating parameter of fluidized-bed is: 65 ℃ of inlet temperature, and pressurized air pressure 0.8MPa, 0.3MPa is pressed in the shower nozzle atomizing.
The dissolution test result is in 25 ℃ of water: take by weighing 15g fertilizer and be dissolved in the 500ml distilled water, the nutrient of stripping 3% in the fertilizer core in 24 hours, the fertile core nutrient time of stripping 80% in the film is 85 days, therefore, this coat fertilizer can with seed simultaneously coordination use.But to discharge the fertilizer efficiency period of this fertilizer of empirical value conservative estimation in soil that equaled to discharge in the soil 4～7 days in 1 day in water is 190～250 days.
The coated compound fertilizer of embodiment 7:8% coating quantity (fertile core is the granular compound fertilizer of particle diameter greater than 2.0mm)
With the fully dissolving in the 7L trichloromethane of 0.8kg poly butylene succinate, the poly butylene succinate consumption is 6.4% of a fertile core weight; The potassium nitride that before composite fertilizer is implemented coating, in solution, adds 0.2kg carboxymethyl cellulose, 0.02kg talcum powder, 0.01kg polyoxyethylene glycol and by weight of fertilizer 3%, after in having the fluidized-bed receiver of agitator, stirring, be sprayed at fluidizing compound fertilizer granules surface, after about 0.8 hour, form evenly complete rete at fertile wicking surface.
After coating was finished: the film material was 7.6% of a by weight of fertilizer, and nutrient content is 42.5%.
The operating parameter of fluidized-bed is: 60 ℃ of inlet temperature, pressurized air pressure 0.6MPa, shower nozzle atomizing pressure 0.3MPa.
The dissolution test result is in 25 ℃ of water: take by weighing 15g fertilizer and be dissolved in the 500ml distilled water, the nutrient of stripping 10% in the fertilizer core in 24 hours, the time of fertile core composite fertilizer stripping 80% from the coating shell is 35 days, and therefore, this coat fertilizer can be used with seed while coordination.But to discharge the fertilizer efficiency period of this fertilizer of empirical value conservative estimation in soil that equaled to discharge in the soil 4～7 days in 1 day in water is 130～190 days.
The coated compound fertilizer of embodiment 8:13% coating quantity (fertile core is the granular compound fertilizer of particle diameter greater than 2.0mm)
With the fully dissolving in the 9L trichloromethane of 0.7kg poly butylene succinate, the poly butylene succinate consumption is 9.1% of a fertile core weight; Before being implemented coating, composite fertilizer in solution, adds the 0.3kg carboxymethyl cellulose, 0.01kg the DCD of talcum powder, 0.02kg polyoxyethylene glycol and by weight of fertilizer 3%, after in having the fluidized-bed receiver of agitator, stirring, be sprayed at fluidizing compound fertilizer granules surface, after about 0.8 hour, form evenly complete rete at fertile wicking surface.
After coating was finished: the film material was 12.7% of a finished product by weight of fertilizer, and fertilizer nutrient content is 40.1%.
The operating parameter of fluidized-bed is: 65 ℃ of inlet temperature, and pressurized air pressure 0.8MPa, 0.5MPa is pressed in the shower nozzle atomizing.
The dissolution test result is in 25 ℃ of water: take by weighing 15g fertilizer and be dissolved in the 500ml distilled water, in 24 hours in the fertilizer core nutrient of stripping be 4%, the time of fertile core nutrient stripping 80% from the coating shell is 70 days, and therefore, this coat fertilizer can be used with seed while coordination.But to discharge the fertilizer efficiency period of this fertilizer of empirical value conservative estimation in soil that equaled to discharge in the soil 4～7 days in 1 day in water is 220～280 days.
The coated compound fertilizer of embodiment 9:8% coating quantity (fertile core is the granular compound fertilizer of particle diameter greater than 2.0mm)
The fully dissolving in the 8L trichloromethane with 0.5kg poly(lactic acid) and 0.5kg poly butylene succinate, poly(lactic acid) and poly butylene succinate are 8% of fertile core weight; The DCD that adds 0.03kg quartz sand, the poly-sebacic acid propylene glycol ester of 0.01kg and by weight of fertilizer 5% in the solution after fully dissolving, under stirring, pours in the fluidized-bed receiver behind the mixing in stirrer, be sprayed at fluidizing compound fertilizer granules surface, after about 1 hour, then form evenly complete rete at fertile wicking surface.
The coating result is: the film material is 7.5% of a by weight of fertilizer, and fertilizer nutrient content is 42.5%,
The operating parameter of fluidized-bed is: 45 ℃ of inlet temperature, and pressurized air pressure 0.4MPa, 0.2MPa is pressed in the shower nozzle atomizing.
The dissolution test result is in 25 ℃ of water: take by weighing 15g fertilizer and be dissolved in the 500ml distilled water, the nutrient of stripping 10% in the fertilizer core in 24 hours, the time of fertilizer nutrient stripping 80% from the coating shell is 36 days, and therefore, this coat fertilizer can be used with seed while coordination.But to discharge the fertilizer efficiency period of this fertilizer of empirical value conservative estimation in soil that equaled to discharge in the soil 4～7 days in 1 day in water is 120～170 days.
The coated compound fertilizer of embodiment 10:13% coating quantity (fertile core is the composite fertilizer of particle diameter greater than 2.0mm)
The fully dissolving in the 7L trichloromethane with 0.4kg poly(lactic acid) and 0.6kg poly butylene succinate, poly(lactic acid) and poly butylene succinate consumption are 13% of fertile core weight; The thiocarbamide that adds .0.02kg borax, 0.03kg polyoxyethylene glycol and by weight of fertilizer 1% in the solution after fully dissolving, under stirring, pours in the fluidized-bed receiver after miscible in stirrer, be sprayed at fluidizing compound fertilizer granules surface, after about 1 hour, form evenly complete coating at fertile wicking surface.
After coating was finished: the film material was 12.1% of a by weight of fertilizer, and fertilizer nutrient content is 40.4%.
The operating parameter of fluidized-bed is: 45 ℃ of inlet temperature, and pressurized air pressure 0.8MPa, 0.4MPa is pressed in the shower nozzle atomizing.
The dissolution test result is in 25 ℃ of water: take by weighing 15g fertilizer and be dissolved in the 500ml distilled water, the fertilizer nutrient of stripping 3% in the fertilizer core in 24 hours, the time of fertile core composite fertilizer stripping 80% from the coating shell is 75 days, and therefore, this coat fertilizer can be used with seed while coordination.But to discharge the fertilizer efficiency period of this fertilizer of empirical value conservative estimation in soil that equaled to discharge in the soil 4～7 days in 1 day in water is 180～240 days.
The coated compound fertilizer of embodiment 11:8% coating quantity (fertile core is the granular compound fertilizer of particle diameter greater than 2.0mm)
The fully dissolving in the 6L trichloromethane with 0.5kg poly(lactic acid) and 0.2kg poly butylene succinate, poly(lactic acid) and poly butylene succinate consumption are 5.6% of fertile core weight; Add 0.3kg methylcellulose gum, 0.01 kaolin in the solution after fully dissolving, 0.02kg the DCD of polyoxyethylene glycol, composite fertilizer's weight 3% and 1% NBPT, under stirring, pours in the fluidized-bed receiver after miscible in stirrer, be sprayed at fluidizing compound fertilizer granules surface, after about 1 hour, form evenly complete rete at fertile wicking surface.
After coating was finished: the film material was 7.6% of a by weight of fertilizer, and fertilizer nutrient content is 42.5%.
The operating parameter of fluidized-bed is: 45 ℃ of inlet temperature, and pressurized air pressure 0.6MPa, 0.3MPa is pressed in the shower nozzle atomizing.
The dissolution test result is in 25 ℃ of water: take by weighing 15g fertilizer and be dissolved in the 500ml distilled water, the nutrient of stripping 12% in the fertilizer core in 24 hours, the time of fertile core nutrient stripping 80% from the coating shell is 35 days, and therefore, this coat fertilizer can be used with seed while coordination.But to discharge the fertilizer efficiency period of this fertilizer of empirical value conservative estimation in soil that equaled to discharge in the soil 4～7 days in 1 day in water is 100～150 days.
The coated compound fertilizer of embodiment 12:13% coating quantity (fertile core is the granular compound fertilizer of particle diameter greater than 2.0mm)
0.2kg poly(lactic acid) and 0.5kg poly butylene succinate are dissolved in fully dissolving in the 6L trichloromethane, and poly(lactic acid) and poly butylene succinate consumption are 9.1% of composite fertilizer's weight; Add 0.3kg carboxymethyl cellulose, 0.02 kaolin, 0.02 polyoxyethylene glycol and the thiocarbamide of composite fertilizer's weight 2% and 1% NBPT in the solution after fully dissolving, under stirring, pours in the fluidized-bed receiver after miscible by agitator, be sprayed at fluidizing compound fertilizer granules surface, after about 1 hour, form evenly complete rete on the compound fertilizer granules surface.
After coating was finished: the film material was 12.3% of a by weight of fertilizer, and fertilizer nutrient content is 40.3%.
The operating parameter of fluidized-bed is: 45 ℃ of inlet temperature, and pressurized air pressure 0.8MPa, 0.5MPa is pressed in the shower nozzle atomizing,
The dissolution test result is in 25 ℃ of water: take by weighing 15g fertilizer and be dissolved in the 500ml distilled water, the nutrient of stripping 4% in composite fertilizer's core in 24 hours, the time of composite fertilizer's nutrient stripping 80% from the coating shell is 60 days, and therefore, this coat fertilizer can be used with seed while coordination.But equaled to discharge in the soil 4 in 1 day in water, to discharge～day the fertilizer efficiency period of this fertilizer of empirical value conservative estimation in soil be 190～230 days.
Technology of the present invention is easy to realize that can effectively slow down release and nitrogen the conversion rate in soil of fertilizer nutrient to the external world, release and the conversion in soil control effectively to fertilizer nutrient, alleviates the pressure that the nutrient snap-out release causes environment.The coated fertilizer fully biodegradable, degraded product does not have secondary pollution to environment.
Claims (10)
1. coated compound fertilizer, it is characterized in that: by granulated fertilizer is that core and the outer coating layer that coats thereof are formed, the major ingredient of coating layer is the macromolecular material poly(lactic acid) and/or the poly butylene succinate of fully biodegradable, and the macromolecular material consumption is 5～15% of a fertile core weight.
2. according to the described coated compound fertilizer of claim 1, it is characterized in that: described fertile core is particle fertilizer, and particle diameter is advisable with 1～4mm, and nutrient content can suitably be regulated as required, and used composite fertilizer can be commercially available or homemade compound fertilizer granules; The molecular weight of described poly(lactic acid) and/or poly butylene succinate all from 50,000 to 300,000, quality is a technical grade.
3. according to the described coated compound fertilizer of claim 1, it is characterized in that: described coating layer composition comprises, the poly(lactic acid) and/or the poly butylene succinate of fertile core weight 5～15%, in 100 parts of poly(lactic acid) and/or poly butylene succinates, wherein also be added with the urase and/or the nitrification inhibitor of 5～30 parts of carboxymethyl celluloses, 1～5 part of inorganic conditioner, 1～5 part of organic film material modifying agent, by weight of fertilizer 1～50 ‰.
4. according to the described coated compound fertilizer of claim 3, it is characterized in that: described carboxymethyl cellulose is a technical grade, and grain graininess is 300 orders.
5. according to the described coated compound fertilizer of claim 1, it is characterized in that: described urease inhibitor is Co
2+, Cu
2+, Ba
2+, Mn
2+, Ag
2+Or Hg
2+Salt, acetoxyhydroxamic acid (AHA), sad hydroxamic acid (CHA), N-butyl thiophosphoric acid triamine (NBPT) or hexamethylene phosphoric acid triamine (CHPT); Nitrification inhibitor is pyridine, pyrimidine, thiocarbamide, thiazole, potassium azide, sodiumazide, hexachloroethane or dicyanodiamide.
6. according to the described coated compound fertilizer of claim 1, it is characterized in that: described inorganic conditioner is one or more the blend in talcum powder, quartz sand, borax, diatomite, clay, kaolin, the fused(calcium magnesium)phosphate, and this inorganic conditioner powder particle granularity is 300 orders.
7. according to the described coated compound fertilizer of claim 1, it is characterized in that: described film material modifying agent is polyoxyethylene glycol, poly-sebacic acid propylene glycol ester, tributyl citrate, tributyl acetylcitrate, epoxy soybean oil, the blend of one or more in the dioctyl sebacate.
8. the preparation method of the described coated compound fertilizer of claim 1 is characterized in that:
1) preparation of coating liquid: by weight calculating, with 100 parts of consumptions be fertile core weight 5～15% poly(lactic acid) and/or poly butylene succinate, be dissolved in 500～1500 parts of trichloromethane solvents, in above-mentioned solution, add 5～30 parts and 1～5 part inorganic conditioner of carboxymethyl cellulose, add 1～5 part of organic film material modifying agent again, an amount of urase and/or nitrification inhibitor, the coating solution of formation homogeneous;
2) adopt the fluidized-bed spraying film-coating technique, with agitator coating liquid is mixed the back and spray the bag quilt, form evenly complete rete on fluidized fertiliser granulates surface.
9. according to the described preparation method of claim 8, it is characterized in that: described trichloromethane can also use trichloroethane, benzene, methylene dichloride, dimethylbenzene or methylene dichloride-acetone mixed solvent to substitute.
10. according to the described preparation method of claim 8, it is characterized in that: the operating parameter of described fluidized-bed is: inlet temperature: 40～75 ℃; Pressurized air pressure: 0.3～0.9MPa; Shower nozzle atomizing pressure: 0.1～0.6MPa.
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