CN114952622B - Compensation method for guide rail linear error - Google Patents
Compensation method for guide rail linear error Download PDFInfo
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- CN114952622B CN114952622B CN202210765644.4A CN202210765644A CN114952622B CN 114952622 B CN114952622 B CN 114952622B CN 202210765644 A CN202210765644 A CN 202210765644A CN 114952622 B CN114952622 B CN 114952622B
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 36
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000005299 abrasion Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 description 7
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000001133 acceleration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007792 addition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001351 cycling effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
- B24B49/00—Measuring or gauging equipment for controlling the feed movement of the grinding tool or work; Arrangements of indicating or measuring equipment, e.g. for indicating the start of the grinding operation
- B24B49/02—Measuring or gauging equipment for controlling the feed movement of the grinding tool or work; Arrangements of indicating or measuring equipment, e.g. for indicating the start of the grinding operation according to the instantaneous size and required size of the workpiece acted upon, the measuring or gauging being continuous or intermittent
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
- B24B1/00—Processes of grinding or polishing; Use of auxiliary equipment in connection with such processes
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Machine Tool Units (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a compensation method for a guide rail linear error, and belongs to the technical field of machine tool equipment. The machine tool solves the problems that the straightness error of the guide rail is increased, the straightness error of the guide rail can be duplicated on the surface of a machined workpiece and the like due to the long-time use of the existing machine tool, the abrasion and deformation of the guide rail and other factors. According to the invention, a workpiece is clamped on a clamping assembly of a machine tool, a cutter assembly moves back and forth along the Y direction, the clamping assembly slides back and forth along the X direction, the workpiece is obliquely arranged along the axial direction and the X direction, and the corrected cutter assembly Y-direction feeding amount Y is adopted to carry out excircle compensation processing on the workpiece. Compared with the existing error compensation process, the invention has the advantages that the workpiece is obliquely placed, so that the workpiece can be processed only by the cutter component which performs interpolation motion along the Y direction, and the straightness error delta is superimposed in the motion process of the cutter component to perform compensation motion.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of machine tool equipment, and relates to a compensation method for linear errors of guide rails.
Background
The numerical control machine tool generally comprises main components such as a lathe bed of a basic part, a workbench, a clamping assembly for clamping a workpiece, a cutter assembly for mounting a cutter, a feeding mechanism for controlling the workpiece clamping assembly to translate along the X direction, a feeding mechanism for controlling the cutter assembly to translate along the Y direction, and the like. In the machine tools such as cylindrical grinding machines, lathes, machining centers and the like, the situation of machining the outer circle or the straight edge of a workpiece often exists, the cutter component is fixed along the Y-direction position, and the clamping component moves along the X-direction to enable the cutter to move relative to the workpiece so as to machine the outer circle or the straight edge of the workpiece.
Because the machine tool guide rail inevitably generates linearity errors in the manufacturing process, the errors can directly influence the machining precision of the workpiece, the linearity errors of the guide rail can be increased along with the long-time use of the machine tool, the abrasion and deformation of the guide rail and other factors in many cases, and the machined workpiece surface can replicate the linearity errors of the guide rail.
In order to improve the processing precision of the workpiece, a compensation method for the straightness error of the guide rail appears, and after the processing of the excircle of the workpiece is finished, the axial straightness of the excircle of the workpiece in N unit lengths is continuously measured to obtain the straightness error in N unit lengths; filling each straightness error into an interpolation table, and superposing the interpolation table value with X-direction and Y-direction movement strokes by the electronic gear; in the process of workpiece secondary compensation processing, the cutter component moves along the Y direction in the reverse direction of the straightness error to offset the error, in the process, the cutter component moves along the Y direction in the continuously changing forward direction, stops, reverses, stops and moves forward, and in the continuously cycling process of the forward and reverse movements, the accuracy of the Y direction movement is difficult to accurately control due to inertia reasons, so that the straightness compensation is reduced or disabled.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problems in the existing machining process of a machine tool, and provides a compensation method capable of reducing straightness errors of a workpiece in the machining translation process.
The aim of the invention can be achieved by the following technical scheme:
the compensation method for the linear error of the guide rail is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step one: the workpiece is clamped on a clamping assembly of a machine tool, the cutter assembly moves back and forth along the Y direction, the clamping assembly slides back and forth along the X direction, the workpiece is axially and obliquely arranged with the X direction, the axial inclination angle theta of the workpiece is obtained, the motion parameters of the workpiece and the cutter assembly are determined, the length L of the workpiece, the X-direction motion distance X of the workpiece and the Y-direction feeding amount Y of the cutter assembly are determined, and therefore the relative motion relation between an X-direction guide rail and a Y-direction guide rail is solved:
Y=L*cosθ*(tanθ)
Y=X*(tanθ)
step two: clamping a workpiece, and processing the excircle of the workpiece;
step three: measuring the outer circle axial straightness of the machined workpiece to obtain an outer circle axial straightness error delta of the workpiece, and continuously measuring straightness in N unit lengths to obtain straightness errors delta in N unit lengths 1 、Δ 2 、Δ 3 ······Δ n ；
Step four: calculating to obtain the length delta of the straightness error delta converted to the Y direction in the step three, wherein delta=delta/(cos theta), and obtaining the straightness error delta in N unit lengths of the X direction 1 、δ 2 、δ 3 ······δ n The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Calculating to obtain the projection length X of the workpiece length L along the X direction, wherein X=L (cos theta), and obtaining N unit projection lengths X of the workpiece length L along the X direction 1 、X 2 、X 3 ······X n ；
Step five: filling delta and X in the fourth step into an interpolation table, and superposing the interpolation table value and Y-direction feeding amount Y by an electronic gear to obtain corrected cutter assembly Y-direction feeding amount Y=X (tan theta) +/-delta;
step six: and carrying out excircle compensation processing on the workpiece by adopting the corrected cutter assembly Y-direction feeding amount Y.
In the method for compensating the linear error of the guide rail, the machine tool comprises an X-direction guide rail and a Y-direction guide rail which are arranged on the workbench, the cutter component is arranged on the Y-direction guide rail, an axial guide rail which is obliquely arranged relative to the X-direction guide rail is arranged on the X-direction guide rail, the clamping component is arranged on the axial guide rail, so that the axial direction of the workpiece is oblique to the X-direction, and the X-direction, the Y-direction and the axial direction are all horizontal directions.
In the above-mentioned method for compensating the linear error of the guide rail, the clamping assembly comprises a headstock and a tailstock, the headstock is fixedly arranged on the axial guide rail for supporting and driving the workpiece to rotate, and the tailstock is axially and slidably arranged on the axial guide rail for supporting the tail end of the workpiece.
In the above-mentioned compensation method for linear error of guide rail, the cutter assembly includes a grinding wheel and a motor for driving the grinding wheel to rotate.
In the above-mentioned method for compensating linear error of guide rail, the workbench is further provided with a first driving mechanism for driving the axial guide rail to translate along the X direction, a second driving mechanism for driving the cutter assembly to translate along the Y direction, and a third driving mechanism for driving the workpiece to rotate along the axial direction.
In the above method for compensating the linear error of the guide rail, the X-direction guide rail is slidably provided with a mounting plate, the axial guide rail is fixedly arranged on the mounting plate, a positioning slot is arranged on the mounting plate, and the axial guide rail is fixedly clamped in the positioning slot.
In the method for compensating the linear error of the guide rail, the included angle between the axial guide rail and the X guide rail is 2-20 degrees.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. firstly, carrying out excircle processing on a workpiece according to a normal processing technology, continuously measuring straightness errors delta in N unit lengths after the processing is finished, and obtaining straightness errors delta in N unit lengths, wherein when a first driving mechanism drives the workpiece to move along the X direction, a second driving mechanism drives a cutter assembly to carry out interpolation movement along the Y direction, and the measured straightness errors delta are overlapped in the movement process of the cutter assembly, so that the effect of compensating the straightness errors is achieved;
2. compared with the existing error compensation process, the invention has the advantages that the workpiece is obliquely placed, so that the cutter component can process the workpiece only by performing interpolation motion along the Y direction, the straightness error delta is superimposed to perform compensation motion in the motion process of the cutter component, the motion of the cutter component is unidirectional, the original forward and reverse circulation motion is changed into unidirectional motion, and the effect of compensating the straight line error can be achieved by superimposing acceleration and deceleration in the unidirectional motion process, and because the stop or reverse motion is not needed, the force acting on the guide rail of the cutter component is greatly reduced, so that the compensation effect is more remarkable.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic general construction of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a top view of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a schematic view of a machine tool according to the background of the invention.
In the figure, 1, a workbench; 2. an X-direction guide rail; 3. a Y-direction guide rail; 4. an axial guide rail; 5. a workpiece clamping assembly; 6. a cutter assembly; 7. a first driving mechanism; 8. a second driving mechanism; 9. a third driving mechanism; 10. and (3) mounting a plate.
Description of the embodiments
The following are specific embodiments of the present invention and the technical solutions of the present invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings, but the present invention is not limited to these embodiments.
As shown in fig. 3, the machine tool for machining a workpiece comprises a machine body, a workbench 1, a clamping assembly 5 for clamping the workpiece, a cutter assembly 6 for mounting a grinding cutter, and further comprises an X-direction guide rail 2 arranged on the workbench 1, wherein the clamping assembly 5 is arranged on the X-direction guide rail 2, the cutter assembly 6 is fixed along the Y-direction, and the clamping assembly 5 moves along the X-direction to enable the cutter and the workpiece to move relatively so as to machine the excircle of the workpiece.
As shown in fig. 1 and 2, the method for compensating the linear error of the guide rail according to the present invention needs to set the workpiece to incline with the X direction in the axial direction, the machine tool for machining the workpiece includes a machine body, a table 1, a clamping assembly 5 for clamping the workpiece, a tool assembly 6 for mounting a grinding tool, and further includes an X direction guide rail 2 and a Y direction guide rail 3 which are disposed on the table 1, the tool assembly 6 is disposed on the Y direction guide rail 3, the X direction guide rail 2 is provided with an axial guide rail 4 which is disposed to incline with respect to the X direction guide rail 2, the clamping assembly 5 is disposed on the axial guide rail 4 to incline the workpiece to the X direction, and the X direction, the Y direction and the axial direction are all horizontal directions.
The clamping assembly 5 comprises a headstock and a tailstock, wherein the headstock is fixedly arranged on the axial guide rail 4 and used for supporting and driving a workpiece to rotate, and the tailstock is axially and slidably arranged on the axial guide rail 4 and used for supporting the tail end of the workpiece. The workbench 1 is also provided with a first driving mechanism 7 for driving the axial guide rail 4 to translate along the X direction, a second driving mechanism 8 for driving the cutter assembly 6 to translate along the Y direction and a third driving mechanism 9 for driving the workpiece to rotate along the axial direction. The cutter assembly 6 comprises a grinding wheel and a motor for driving the grinding wheel in rotation.
The X-direction guide rail 2 is provided with a mounting plate 10 in a sliding manner, the axial guide rail 4 is fixedly arranged on the mounting plate 10, the mounting plate 10 is provided with a positioning clamping groove, and the axial guide rail 4 is fixedly clamped in the positioning clamping groove. The included angle between the axial guide rail 4 and the X-shaped guide rail 2 is 2-20 degrees, and the included angle is the axial inclination angle theta of the workpiece.
The invention relates to a compensation method for linear errors of guide rails, which comprises the following steps:
step one: clamping a workpiece on a clamping assembly 5 of a machine tool, enabling a cutter assembly 6 to move back and forth along the Y direction, enabling the clamping assembly 5 to slide back and forth along the X direction, enabling the workpiece to be axially and obliquely arranged with the X direction, obtaining the axial inclination angle theta of the workpiece, determining the motion parameters of the workpiece and the cutter assembly 6, determining the length L of the workpiece, the X-direction motion distance X of the workpiece and the Y-direction feeding quantity Y of the cutter assembly 6, and solving the relative motion relation of an X-direction guide rail 2 and a Y-direction guide rail 3:
Y=L*cosθ*(tanθ)
Y=X*(tanθ)
step two: clamping a workpiece, and processing the excircle of the workpiece;
step three: measuring the outer circle axial straightness of the machined workpiece to obtain an outer circle axial straightness error delta of the workpiece, and continuously measuring straightness in N unit lengths to obtain straightness errors delta in N unit lengths 1 、Δ 2 、Δ 3 ······Δ n ；
Step four: calculating to obtain the length delta of the straightness error delta converted to the Y direction in the step three, wherein delta=delta/(cos theta), and obtaining the straightness error delta in N unit lengths of the X direction 1 、δ 2 、δ 3 ······δ n The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Calculating to obtain the projection length X of the workpiece length L along the X direction, wherein X=L (cos theta), and obtaining N unit projection lengths X of the workpiece length L along the X direction 1 、X 2 、X 3 ······X n ；
Step five: filling delta and X in the fourth step into an interpolation table, and superposing the interpolation table value and Y-direction feeding amount Y by an electronic gear to obtain corrected cutter assembly 6Y-direction feeding amount Y=X (tan theta) +/-delta;
step six: and carrying out excircle compensation processing on the workpiece by adopting the corrected cutter assembly 6Y to the feeding quantity Y.
It should be understood that in the claims, the specification of the present invention, all "including … …" should be interpreted as open-ended meaning that it is equivalent to "at least … …", and not as closed-ended meaning that it should not be interpreted to "include … …" only.
The specific embodiments described herein are offered by way of example only to illustrate the spirit of the invention. Those skilled in the art may make various modifications or additions to the described embodiments or substitutions thereof without departing from the spirit of the invention or exceeding the scope of the invention as defined in the accompanying claims.
Claims (7)
1. The compensation method for the linear error of the guide rail is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step one: clamping a workpiece on a clamping assembly (5) of a machine tool, enabling a cutter assembly (6) to move back and forth along the Y direction, enabling the clamping assembly (5) to move back and forth along the X direction, enabling the workpiece to be axially inclined with the X direction, obtaining the axial inclination angle theta of the workpiece, determining the motion parameters of the workpiece and the cutter assembly (6), and determining the length L of the workpiece, the X-direction motion distance X of the workpiece and the Y-direction feed quantity Y of the cutter assembly (6), so that the relative motion relation between an X guide rail (2) and a Y guide rail (3) is solved:
Y=L*（cosθ）*(tanθ)
Y=X*(tanθ)
step two: clamping a workpiece, and processing the excircle of the workpiece;
step three: measuring the outer circle axial straightness of the machined workpiece to obtain an outer circle axial straightness error delta of the workpiece, and continuously measuring straightness in N unit lengths to obtain straightness errors delta in N unit lengths 1 、Δ 2 、Δ 3 ······Δ n ；
Step four: calculating to obtain the length delta of the straightness error delta converted to the Y direction in the step three, wherein delta=delta/(cos theta), and obtaining the straightness error delta in N unit lengths of the X direction 1 、δ 2 、δ 3 ······δ n The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Calculating to obtain the projection length X of the workpiece length L along the X direction, wherein X=L (cos theta), and obtaining N unit projection lengths X of the workpiece length L along the X direction 1 、X 2 、X 3 ······X n ；
Step five: filling delta and X in the fourth step into an interpolation table, and superposing the interpolation table value and Y-direction feeding amount Y by an electronic gear to obtain corrected cutter assembly (6) Y-direction feeding amount Y=X (tan theta) +/-delta;
step six: and carrying out excircle compensation processing on the workpiece by adopting the corrected Y-direction feeding amount Y of the cutter assembly (6).
2. The method for compensating linear errors of guide rails according to claim 1, characterized in that the machine tool comprises an X-direction guide rail (2) and a Y-direction guide rail (3) which are arranged on a workbench (1), a cutter assembly (6) is arranged on the Y-direction guide rail (3), an axial guide rail (4) which is obliquely arranged relative to the X-direction guide rail (2) is arranged on the X-direction guide rail (2), and a clamping assembly (5) is arranged on the axial guide rail (4) so as to enable a workpiece to be axially inclined to the X-direction, wherein the X-direction, the Y-direction and the axial directions are all horizontal directions.
3. The method for compensating linear errors of guide rails according to claim 2, wherein the clamping assembly (5) comprises a headstock and a tailstock, the headstock is fixedly arranged on the axial guide rail (4) and used for supporting and driving the workpiece to rotate, and the tailstock is axially and slidably arranged on the axial guide rail (4) and used for supporting the tail end of the workpiece.
4. A method of compensating for linear errors of guide rails according to claim 1, characterized in that the tool assembly (6) comprises a grinding wheel and a motor for driving the grinding wheel in rotation.
5. The method for compensating linear errors of guide rails according to claim 2, characterized in that the workbench (1) is further provided with a first driving mechanism (7) for driving the axial guide rail (4) to translate along the X direction, a second driving mechanism (8) for driving the cutter assembly (6) to translate along the Y direction, and a third driving mechanism (9) for driving the workpiece to rotate along the axial direction.
6. The method for compensating the linear error of the guide rail according to claim 2, wherein a mounting plate (10) is slidably arranged on the X-shaped guide rail (2), the axial guide rail (4) is fixedly arranged on the mounting plate (10), a positioning clamping groove is arranged on the mounting plate (10), and the axial guide rail (4) is fixedly clamped in the positioning clamping groove.
7. A method of compensating for linear errors of guide rails according to claim 2, characterized in that the angle between the axial guide rail (4) and the X-guide rail (2) is 2 ° -20 °.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202210765644.4A CN114952622B (en) | 2022-06-30 | 2022-06-30 | Compensation method for guide rail linear error |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202210765644.4A CN114952622B (en) | 2022-06-30 | 2022-06-30 | Compensation method for guide rail linear error |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
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| CN114952622A CN114952622A (en) | 2022-08-30 |
| CN114952622B true CN114952622B (en) | 2023-11-28 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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| CN202210765644.4A Active CN114952622B (en) | 2022-06-30 | 2022-06-30 | Compensation method for guide rail linear error |
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Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101585161A (en) * | 2009-06-05 | 2009-11-25 | 潘旭华 | Grinding method of a V-shaped guide rail |
| CN101745871A (en) * | 2009-12-16 | 2010-06-23 | 潘旭华 | Method for measuring motion straightness error of movable guide rail |
| CN103278110A (en) * | 2013-05-28 | 2013-09-04 | 北京理工大学 | Compensation method for coupling error of guide rail |
| CN105108175A (en) * | 2015-09-21 | 2015-12-02 | 马鞍山市恒泰重工机械有限公司 | Method for machining curved surface shaft through copying lathe provided with cutting compensation mechanism |
| CN106825639A (en) * | 2017-03-31 | 2017-06-13 | 华中科技大学 | Based on the method that geometric error compensation and range finding adjustment improve machine finish |
Family Cites Families (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP3848117B2 (en) * | 2001-09-14 | 2006-11-22 | 株式会社ジェイテクト | Profile correction method, numerical control device, and machine tool |
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2022
- 2022-06-30 CN CN202210765644.4A patent/CN114952622B/en active Active
Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101585161A (en) * | 2009-06-05 | 2009-11-25 | 潘旭华 | Grinding method of a V-shaped guide rail |
| CN101745871A (en) * | 2009-12-16 | 2010-06-23 | 潘旭华 | Method for measuring motion straightness error of movable guide rail |
| CN103278110A (en) * | 2013-05-28 | 2013-09-04 | 北京理工大学 | Compensation method for coupling error of guide rail |
| CN105108175A (en) * | 2015-09-21 | 2015-12-02 | 马鞍山市恒泰重工机械有限公司 | Method for machining curved surface shaft through copying lathe provided with cutting compensation mechanism |
| CN106825639A (en) * | 2017-03-31 | 2017-06-13 | 华中科技大学 | Based on the method that geometric error compensation and range finding adjustment improve machine finish |
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| CN114952622A (en) | 2022-08-30 |
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