CN114949127A - 一种用于治疗犊牛腹泻的中药微生态制剂 - Google Patents
一种用于治疗犊牛腹泻的中药微生态制剂 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种用于治疗犊牛腹泻的中药微生态制剂,属于中兽药领域。本发明的中药微生态制剂主要由乳酸菌菌种和中药组合物制成;所述中药组合物由以下重量份数的组分组成:金银花180~220份、黄连80~120份、白头翁80~120份、黄柏80~120份、黄芩80~120份、大黄45~55份、苍术180~220份、白术45~55份、山楂45~55份、麦芽45~55份、六神曲45~55份、甘草45~55份。本发明的中药微生态制剂,不仅解决了传统中草药作用效果缓慢、利用率低的问题;而且能够避免使用抗生素,解决了细菌耐药性、药物残留以及环境污染等问题;同时还能够促使犊牛快速恢复健康,减少经济损失。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于治疗犊牛腹泻的中药微生态制剂,属于中兽药领域。
背景技术
腹泻是犊牛常发的一种胃肠疾病。在大群饲养时,犊牛常在出生后2~3d开始发病,发病率常达90%~100%,死亡率最高可达50%以上,对犊牛的生长、发育、成活等有很大影响。以往治疗犊牛腹泻常采用抗生素,但是随着抗生素的普遍使用,效果越来越差,并导致如细菌耐药性、肠道菌群失调等副作用,造成了严重的环境污染并且威胁着人们的健康。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种用于治疗犊牛腹泻的中药微生态制剂,不仅副作用小,而且能够减少环境污染和对人体健康的威胁。
为了实现以上目的,本发明所采用的技术方案是:
一种用于治疗犊牛腹泻的中药微生态制剂,主要由乳酸菌菌种和中药组合物制成;所述中药组合物由以下重量分份数组成的:金银花180~220份、黄连80~120份、白头翁80~120份、黄柏80~120份、黄芩80~120份、大黄45~55份、苍术180~220份、白术45~55份、山楂45~55份、麦芽45~55份、六神曲45~55份、甘草45~55份。
本发明的用于治疗犊牛腹泻的中药微生态制剂,不仅解决了传统中草药作用效果缓慢、利用率低的问题;而且能够避免使用抗生素,解决了细菌耐药性、药物残留以及环境污染等问题;同时还能够促使犊牛快速恢复健康,减少经济损失。
优选的,所述中药组合物由以下重量份数的组分组成:金银花200份,黄连100份,白头翁100份,黄柏100份,黄芩100份,大黄50份,苍术200份,白术50份,山楂50份,麦芽50份,六神曲50份,甘草50份。
本发明用于治疗犊牛腹泻的中药微生态制剂采用的中药组合物中各味中药的特性如下:
金银花:性寒,味甘;归肺、胃、大肠经;具有清热解毒,疏散风热的功效;主治风热感冒,热毒泻痢,热毒痈肿。
黄连:性寒,味苦;归心、肝、胃、大肠经;具有清热燥湿,泻火解毒的功效;主治湿热泻痢,心火亢盛,火毒疮痈,目赤肿痛。
白头翁:性寒,味苦;归大肠、胃经;具有清热解毒,凉血止痢的功效;主治湿热泄泻,热毒血痢。
黄柏:性寒,味苦;归肾、膀胱经;具有清湿热,泻火毒,退虚热的功效;主治湿热泻痢,黄疸,阴虚盗汗,疮疡肿毒。
黄芩:性寒,味苦;归肺、胆、大肠经;具有清热燥湿,泻火解毒,安胎的功效;主治湿热泻痢,咳嗽,疮黄,黄疸,胎动不安。
大黄:性寒,味苦;归脾、胃、大肠、肝、心包经;具有攻积导滞,泻火凉血,活血祛瘀的功效;主治热结便秘,热毒疮肿,淤血阻滞,烧伤烫伤。
苍术:性温,味辛、苦;归脾、胃经;具有燥湿健脾,祛风胜湿的功效。主治湿阻脾胃,风寒湿痹,夜盲。
白术:性温,味甘、苦;归脾、胃经;具有补脾益气,燥湿利水,固表止汗,补气安胎的功效;主治脾虚泄泻,水肿,自汗,胎动不安。
山楂:性微温,味酸、甘;归脾、胃、肝经;具有消食健胃,活血化瘀的功效;主治食积腹胀,伤食泄泻,产后恶露不尽。
麦芽:性平,味甘。归脾、胃经。生用行气消胀,健脾开胃;炒用回乳消胀。生用主治食积不消,肚胀,乳房胀痛;炒制品用于断乳。
六神曲:性温,味甘、辛;归脾、胃经;具有消食化积,健胃和中的功效;主治草料积滞,度腹胀满。
甘草:性平,味甘;入十二经;具有补中益气,清热解毒,润肺止咳,缓和药性的功效。主治脾胃虚弱,咳喘,疮痈肿痛,咽喉肿痛,中毒。
优选的,所述乳酸菌菌种由植物乳杆菌菌种和屎肠球菌菌种组成。植物乳杆菌、屎肠球菌均属于厌氧型细菌,代谢过程中产生大量的乙酸、丙酸等有机酸和消化酶,能降低胃肠道酸碱度,有助于活化并提高胃蛋白酶的活性,酸性环境能有效抑制病原菌生长繁殖;代谢产物中的乳酸菌素对大肠杆菌、沙门氏菌等有抑制或杀灭作用;改善肠道微环境,刺激肠道免疫组织的发育,提高肠道免疫功能。
优选的,所述乳酸菌菌种中,植物乳杆菌菌种的活菌数与屎肠球菌菌种的活菌数之比为0.5-2:1。
优选的,本发明的上述用于治疗犊牛腹泻的中药微生态制剂的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
1)将所述中药组合物用水进行提取,得到提取液;
2)将所得提取液浓缩得到浓缩液,再在浓缩液中接种所述乳酸菌菌种进行厌氧发酵,即得。
上述用于治疗犊牛腹泻的中药微生态制剂的制备方法,工艺简单,可以提高中药组合物的适口性,并见减少中药的用量。
优选的,所述乳酸菌菌种由植物乳杆菌菌种和屎肠球菌菌种混合得到。所述乳酸菌菌种的接种质量为所述浓缩液质量的1-3%。进一步优选的,所述乳酸菌菌种的接种质量为所述浓缩液质量的2%。
优选的,所述植物乳杆菌菌种的活菌数为(1.0~5.0)×108CFU/mL;所述屎肠球菌菌种的活菌数为(1.0~5.0)×108CFU/mL。所述植物乳杆菌菌种与所述屎肠球菌菌种的体积比为0.5-2:1。进一步优选的,所述植物乳杆菌菌种的活菌数为3.0×108CFU/mL。所述屎肠球菌菌种的活菌数为3.0×108CFU/mL。更进一步的,所述植物乳杆菌菌种的活菌数和屎肠球菌菌种的活菌数相同。
优选的,所述植物乳杆菌菌种和屎肠球菌菌种的体积之比为1:1。
优选的,步骤1)中,用水对中药组合物进行提取的次数为2-3次,每次用水为中药组合物质量的7-10倍。第一次用水提取时,将水与中药组合物混合后浸泡8-12h,然后煮沸2-4h。
优选的,所述浓缩是将所述提取液浓缩至所述中药组合物质量的0.8~1倍。
优选的,所述厌氧发酵的温度为32~37℃,时间为72~96h。
优选的,接种所述乳酸菌菌种前,对所述浓缩液进行加热灭菌处理,然后降温。所述加热灭菌处理的温度为115~121℃。所述加热灭菌处理的时间为40~60min。所述降温的降温终点为35~40℃。
本发明的用于治疗犊牛腹泻的中药微生态制剂的用法为:每头犊牛每天口服30~50mL,连用2~3天。
具体实施方式
以下结合具体实施方式本发明的技术方案作进一步的说明。
实施例1
本实施例的用于治疗犊牛腹泻的中药微生态制剂,主要由乳酸菌菌种和中药组合物制成;所采用的乳酸菌菌种是由植物乳杆菌菌种和屎肠球菌菌种按照体积比为1:2的比例混合得到,植物乳杆菌菌种的活菌数和屎肠球菌菌种的活菌数均为1.0×108CFU/mL;所采用的中药组合物由以下重量份数的组分组成:金银花180份、黄连80份、白头翁80份、黄柏80份、黄芩80份、大黄45份、苍术180份、白术45份、山楂45份、麦芽45份、六神曲45份和甘草45份。
本实施例的用于治疗犊牛腹泻的中药微生态制剂的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
1)取配方量的中药组合物中加9倍于中药组合物质量的水,浸泡10h,煮沸4h,过滤,收集滤液;然后在滤渣加9倍于中药组合物质量水后煮沸4h后过滤;合并2次过滤所得滤液,得到提取液;
2)将所得提取液浓缩至中药组合物质量的1倍,得到浓缩液;然后将浓缩液在115℃高压灭菌60min,灭菌后待温度降至35℃,然后接种浓缩液质量1%的乳酸菌菌种,37℃厌氧发酵96h,终止发酵,分装即得。
实施例2
本实施例的用于治疗犊牛腹泻的中药微生态制剂,主要由乳酸菌菌种和中药组合物制成;所采用的乳酸菌菌种是由植物乳杆菌菌种和屎肠球菌菌种按照体积比为2:1的比例混合得到,植物乳杆菌菌种的活菌数和屎肠球菌菌种的活菌数均为1.0×108CFU/mL;所采用的中药组合物由以下重量份数的组分组成:金银花220份、黄连120份、白头翁120份、黄柏120份、黄芩120份、大黄55份、苍术220份、白术55份、山楂55份、麦芽55份、六神曲55份和甘草55份。
本实施例的用于治疗犊牛腹泻的中药微生态制剂的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
1)取配方量的中药组合物中加10倍于中药组合物质量的水,浸泡12h,煮沸2h,过滤,收集滤液;然后在滤渣中加7倍于中药组合物质量水后煮沸2h后过滤;合并2次过滤所得滤液,得到提取液;
2)将所得提取液浓缩至中药组合物质量的0.8倍,得到浓缩液;然后将浓缩液在121℃高压灭菌60min,灭菌后待温度降至35℃,然后接种浓缩液质量的3%的乳酸菌菌种,32℃厌氧发酵76h,终止发酵,分装即得。
实施例3
本实施例的用于治疗犊牛腹泻的中药微生态制剂,主要由乳酸菌菌种和中药组合物制成;所采用的乳酸菌菌种是由植物乳杆菌菌种和屎肠球菌菌种按照体积比为1:1的比例混合得到,植物乳杆菌菌种的活菌数和屎肠球菌菌种的活菌数均为3.0×108CFU/mL;所采用的中药组合物由以下重量份数的组分组成:金银花200份,黄连100份、白头翁100份、黄柏100份、黄芩100份、大黄50份、苍术200份、白术50份、山楂50份、麦芽50份、六神曲50份和甘草50份。
本实施例的用于治疗犊牛腹泻的中药微生态制剂的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
1)取配方量的中药组合物中加8倍于中药组合物质量的水,浸泡12h,煮沸3h,过滤,收集滤液;对滤渣再提取2次,每次加8倍于中药组合物质量水后煮沸3h后过滤;合并3次过滤所得滤液,得到提取液;
2)将所得提取液浓缩至中药组合物质量的1倍,得到浓缩液;然后将浓缩液在121℃高压灭菌50min,灭菌后待温度降至40℃,然后接种浓缩液质量2%的乳酸菌菌种,37℃厌氧发酵72h,终止发酵,分装即得。
实施例4
本实施例的用于治疗犊牛腹泻的中药微生态制剂,主要由乳酸菌菌种和中药组合物制成;所采用的乳酸菌菌种是由植物乳杆菌菌种和屎肠球菌菌种按照体积比为1:1.5的比例混合得到,植物乳杆菌菌种的活菌数和屎肠球菌菌种的活菌数均为5.0×108CFU/mL;所采用的中药组合物由以下重量份数的组分组成:金银花190份,黄连90份、白头翁90份、黄柏90份、黄芩90份、大黄45份、苍术210份、白术55份、山楂55份、麦芽55份、六神曲55份和甘草50份。
本实施例的用于治疗犊牛腹泻的中药微生态制剂的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
1)取配方量的中药组合物中加入8倍于中药组合物质量的水,浸泡10h,煮沸3h,过滤,收集滤液;对滤渣再提取2次,每次加8倍于中药组合物质量水后煮沸3h后过滤;合并3次过滤所得滤液,得到提取液;
2)将所得提取液浓缩至中药组合物质量的1倍,得到浓缩液;然后将浓缩液在115℃高压灭菌40min,灭菌后待温度降至40℃,然后接种浓缩液质量3%的乳酸菌菌种,37℃厌氧发酵96h,终止发酵,分装即得。
实施例5
本实施例的用于治疗犊牛腹泻的中药微生态制剂,主要由乳酸菌菌种和中药组合物制成;所采用的乳酸菌菌种是由植物乳杆菌菌种和屎肠球菌菌种按照体积比为1.5:1的比例混合得到,植物乳杆菌菌种的活菌数和屎肠球菌菌种的活菌数均为3.0×108CFU/mL;所采用的中药组合物由以下重量份数的组分组成:金银花210份,黄连110份、白头翁110份、黄柏110份、黄芩110份、大黄55份、苍术190份、白术55份、山楂45份、麦芽45份、六神曲45份和甘草50份。
本实施例的用于治疗犊牛腹泻的中药微生态制剂的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
1)取配方量的中药组合物加入10倍于中药组合物质量的水,浸泡8h,煮沸4h,过滤,收集滤液;然后在滤渣中加10倍于中药组合物质量水后煮沸4h后过滤;合并2次过滤所得滤液,得到提取液;
2)将所得提取液浓缩至中药组合物质量的0.9倍,得到浓缩液;然后将浓缩液在121℃高压灭菌40min,灭菌后待温度降至40℃,然后接种浓缩液质量2%的乳酸菌菌种,32℃厌氧发酵72h,终止发酵,分装即得。
以上实施例1-5中制备得到的用于治疗犊牛腹泻的中药微生态制剂的用法为:每头犊牛每天口服30~50mL,连用2~3天。
对比例
本对比例的用于治疗犊牛腹泻的中药制剂为实施例3的步骤2)中,灭菌后温度降至40℃的浓缩液。
实验例1
本试验例考察实施例1-5的中药微生态制剂对犊牛腹泻的治疗效果。
1)试验材料
试验药物:实施例1-5的中药微生态制剂
试验动物:5日龄内的荷斯坦奶牛犊牛56头,由濮阳市某奶牛场提供,症状均为腹泻,精神沉郁。
2)试验方法
试验采取单因素完全随机设计,共设7个组,每组8头犊牛。其中试验组1~5灌服实施例1~5的中药微生态制剂,每头犊牛每天口服30mL,连用3天;组6为对照组,灌服对比例的中药制剂,用量用法与实施例3的相同。组7为空白组,不投喂任何药物,试验期3天,试验期间各组饲养环境一致。记录试验结束时各组犊牛的治疗情况。
表1中药微生态制剂对犊牛腹泻治疗效果
指标 | 组1 | 组2 | 组3 | 组4 | 组5 | 对照组 | 空白组 |
试验犊牛数量 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 |
腹泻犊牛数量 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 7 |
死亡率(%) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
治愈率(%) | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 75 | -- |
由表1可知,给犊牛灌服本发明的中药微生态制剂,3天后,试验1~5组发病犊牛治愈率均为100%以上,对照组治愈率75%;空白组仍有87.5%的犊牛处于发病状态,各组均无死亡。由以上结果可知,本发明的用于治疗犊牛腹泻的中药微生态制剂,作用效果显著。
实验例2
本试验例考察实施例3的中药微生态制剂对犊牛腹泻的治疗效果。
1)试验材料
试验药物:实施例3的中药微生态制剂
试验动物:7日龄内的西门塔尔肉牛犊牛17头,由南阳市某肉牛场提供。症状均为腹泻,精神沉郁。
2)试验方法
每头犊牛每天口服30mL,试验期3天。
3)试验结果
用药48h后,有80%以上犊牛粪便成型,其余为糊状;72h以后,所有犊牛恢复正常,治愈率100%,治疗效果显著。
实验例3
本试验例考察实施例1的中药微生态制剂对犊牛腹泻的治疗效果。
1)试验材料
试验药物:实施例1的中药微生态制剂
试验动物:7日龄内的南阳黄牛犊牛43头,由南阳市某肉牛场提供。症状均为腹泻。
2)试验方法
每头犊牛每天口服30mL,试验期3天。
3)试验结果
用药48h后,有90%以上犊牛粪便成型,其余为糊状;72h以后,41头犊牛恢复正常,2头犊牛粪便为糊状。用药3天时的治愈率95.35%,有效率100%,治疗效果显著。
实验例4
本试验例考察实施例5的中药微生态制剂对犊牛腹泻的治疗效果。
1)试验材料
试验药物:实施例5的中药微生态制剂
试验动物:7日龄内的杂交肉犊牛63头,由平顶山市某肉牛场提供。症状均为腹泻。
2)试验方法
每头犊牛每天口服30mL,试验期3天。
3)试验结果
用药48h后,有90%以上犊牛粪便成型,其余为糊状;72h以后,61头犊牛恢复正常,2头犊牛粪便为糊状。用药3天时的治愈率96.83%,有效率100%,治疗效果显著。
Claims (10)
1.一种用于治疗犊牛腹泻的中药微生态制剂,其特征在于:主要由乳酸菌菌种和中药组合物制成;所述中药组合物由以下重量分份数组成:金银花180~220份、黄连80~120份、白头翁80~120份、黄柏80~120份、黄芩80~120份、大黄45~55份、苍术180~220份、白术45~55份、山楂45~55份、麦芽45~55份、六神曲45~55份、甘草45~55份。
2.根据权利于要求1所述的用于治疗犊牛腹泻的中药微生态制剂,其特征在于:所述中药组合物由以下重量份数的组分组成:金银花200份,黄连100份,白头翁100份,黄柏100份,黄芩100份,大黄50份,苍术200份,白术50份,山楂50份,麦芽50份,六神曲50份,甘草50份。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的用于治疗犊牛腹泻的中药微生态制剂,其特征在于:所述乳酸菌菌种由植物乳杆菌菌种和屎肠球菌菌种组成。
4.根据权利要求3所述的用于治疗犊牛腹泻的中药微生态制剂,其特征在于:所述乳酸菌菌种中,植物乳杆菌菌种的活菌数与屎肠球菌菌种的活菌数之比为0.5-2:1。
5.根据权利要求1或2种所述的用于治疗犊牛腹泻的中药微生态制剂,其特征在于:所述中药微生态制剂的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
1)将所述中药组合物用水进行提取,得到提取液;
2)将所得提取液浓缩得到浓缩液,再在浓缩液中接种所述乳酸菌菌种进行厌氧发酵,即得。
6.根据权利要求5所述的用于治疗犊牛腹泻的中药微生态制剂,其特征在于:所述乳酸菌菌种由植物乳杆菌菌种和屎肠球菌菌种混合得到;所述乳酸菌菌种的接种质量为所述浓缩液质量的1-3%。
7.根据权利要求6所述的用于治疗犊牛腹泻的中药微生态制剂,其特征在于:所述植物乳杆菌菌种的活菌数为(1.0~5.0)×108CFU/mL;所述屎肠球菌菌种的活菌数为(1.0~5.0)×108CFU/mL;所述植物乳杆菌菌种与所述屎肠球菌菌种的体积比为0.5-2:1。
8.根据权利要求7所述的用于治疗犊牛腹泻的中药微生态制剂,其特征在于:所述植物乳杆菌菌种和屎肠球菌菌种的体积之比为1:1。
9.根据权利要求7所述的用于治疗犊牛腹泻的中药微生态制剂,其特征在于:所述浓缩是将所述提取液浓缩至所述中药组合物质量的0.8~1倍。
10.根据权利要求7所述的用于治疗犊牛腹泻的中药微生态制剂,其特征在于:所述厌氧发酵的温度为32~37℃,时间为72~96h。
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