CN114946354B - Variable rate fertilizer injection unit - Google Patents
Variable rate fertilizer injection unit Download PDFInfo
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- CN114946354B CN114946354B CN202210679487.5A CN202210679487A CN114946354B CN 114946354 B CN114946354 B CN 114946354B CN 202210679487 A CN202210679487 A CN 202210679487A CN 114946354 B CN114946354 B CN 114946354B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C15/00—Fertiliser distributors
- A01C15/04—Fertiliser distributors using blowers
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C15/00—Fertiliser distributors
- A01C15/16—Fertiliser distributors with means for pushing out the fertiliser, e.g. by a roller
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C19/00—Arrangements for driving working parts of fertilisers or seeders
- A01C19/02—Arrangements for driving working parts of fertilisers or seeders by a motor
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/20—Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions in agriculture, e.g. CO2
- Y02P60/21—Dinitrogen oxide [N2O], e.g. using aquaponics, hydroponics or efficiency measures
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Fertilizing (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a variable rate fertilization device, which comprises an installation frame, a fertilization device, an air conveying device and a control unit, wherein the installation frame is provided with a plurality of installation holes; the fertilizing device comprises a fertilizing driving motor, a fertilizing driving shaft and a fertilizing assembly; the control unit comprises a controller, an oil tank, a power source, a transfer case, a fan driving loop and a fertilization driving loop; the fan driving circuit comprises a fan driving pump, a speed regulating valve A, a speed regulating valve B, a speed regulating valve C, a two-position two-way valve A, a two-position two-way valve B and a two-position two-way valve C; the variable rate fertilization device can accurately control the rotating speed of the fertilization driving motor, so that the accurate control of the fertilization amount is realized; the rotating speed of the fan driving motor is adjustable in a step-by-step mode at 8 gear, so that not only can the fertilizer be prevented from being blocked in the fertilizer guide hose, but also the fertilizer can be adjusted in the soil penetration depth, and the agricultural requirements of different crops and soil conditions are met; the fertilizer is discharged through the reverse rotation of the fertilizer application driving motor, and the problem that the traditional mechanical fertilizer application and fertilizer discharge are difficult is solved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of agricultural machinery, in particular to a variable rate fertilization device.
Background
Along with the development of precision agriculture, variable rate fertilization technology is gradually started, and related researches show that the yield of main grain crops such as rice and wheat can be increased by more than 5.0% through precision variable rate fertilization, and the application rate of fertilizers is reduced by more than 10%. Traditional mechanical fertilizer injection unit can't realize the accurate control of rate of fertilizer application. Inaccurate application of the fertilizer can seriously waste fertilizer resources, lead to soil hardening and accelerated decline of soil quality, increase agricultural production cost and reduce quality of agricultural products. In addition, the condition that fertilizer blockked up the fertilization pipe appears easily in traditional mechanical type fertilizer injection unit, influences the smooth of fertilization operation and goes on, has the difficult problem of row fertile moreover.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the technical defects, the invention aims to provide a variable fertilizing device which can realize the accurate control of the fertilizing amount, prevent the fertilizer from being blocked by a fertilizer guide hose, realize the adjustable depth of the fertilizer in the soil and overcome the problem of difficult fertilizer application and discharge of the traditional mechanical type.
In order to realize the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a variable rate fertilization device comprises a mounting rack, wherein a fertilization device, an air conveying device and a control unit are arranged on the mounting rack; the fertilizing device comprises a fertilizing driving motor, a fertilizing driving shaft and a plurality of fertilizing assemblies arranged side by side; the fertilizing component comprises a fertilizer box and a fertilizer applicator assembly; the fertilization driving motor and the fertilizer applicator assemblies are fixedly arranged on the mounting frame, the fertilization driving shaft sequentially penetrates through the fertilizer applicator assemblies and is in transmission connection with the fertilizer applicator assemblies, and one end of the fertilization driving shaft is in transmission connection with the fertilization driving motor; the bottom of the fertilizer applicator assembly is provided with a fertilizer applying opening, and the top of the fertilizer applicator assembly is connected with a fertilizer box; the fertilizer applying opening is connected with a fertilizer guiding hose; the air supply device comprises a fan driving motor and a fertilization fan which are in transmission connection, and the fertilization fan is connected with a fertilization air pipe; a fertilization air duct is arranged on the mounting frame, and the fertilization air duct and the fertilization port are respectively communicated with the fertilization air duct;
the control unit comprises a controller, an oil tank, a power source, a transfer case, a fan driving loop and a fertilization driving loop; the transfer case is in transmission connection with the power source;
the fan driving loop comprises a fan driving pump, a speed regulating valve A, a speed regulating valve B, a speed regulating valve C, a two-position two-way valve A, a two-position two-way valve B and a two-position two-way valve C; an oil outlet of the fan driving pump is respectively and correspondingly connected with a port B of the two-position two-way valve A, a port B of the two-position two-way valve B and a port B of the two-position two-way valve C through a speed regulating valve A, a speed regulating valve B and a speed regulating valve C; the port A of the two-position two-way valve A, the port A of the two-position two-way valve B and the port A of the two-position two-way valve C are respectively connected with an oil inlet of a fan driving motor;
the fertilization driving circuit comprises a fertilization driving pump, an encoder A, an encoder B, a flow sensor, a three-position four-way reversing valve, a one-way valve A, a one-way valve B, a one-way valve C, a one-way valve D, a speed regulating valve D, a pressure sensor, a proportional overflow valve and a two-position two-way valve D; an oil outlet of the fertilization driving pump is connected with a port P of the three-position four-way reversing valve, and a flow sensor is arranged between the fertilization driving pump and the three-position four-way reversing valve; the input end of the one-way valve A is connected with the port A of the three-position four-way reversing valve, the output end of the one-way valve A is connected with the input end of the one-way valve C through the speed regulating valve D, and the output end of the one-way valve C is connected with the port A of the fertilization driving motor through the pressure sensor; the output end of the one-way valve B is connected with the port A of the three-position four-way reversing valve, the input end of the one-way valve B is connected with the output end of the one-way valve D through a speed regulating valve D, and the input end of the one-way valve D is connected with the port A of the fertilization driving motor through a pressure sensor; an oil inlet of the proportional overflow valve and an opening A of the two-position two-way valve D are respectively connected with an opening B of the fertilization driving motor, and an oil outlet of the proportional overflow valve and an opening B of the two-position two-way valve D are respectively connected with an opening B of the three-position four-way reversing valve; the encoder A is in transmission connection with the fertilization driving pump; the encoder B is in transmission connection with the fertilizer applicator assembly;
an oil inlet of the fan driving pump, an oil outlet of the fan driving motor, an oil inlet of the fertilization driving pump and an oil return port of the three-position four-way reversing valve are respectively connected with an oil tank;
the fan driving pump and the fertilization driving pump are respectively in transmission connection with the transfer case; the encoder A, the encoder B, the flow sensor and the pressure sensor are electrically connected with the controller respectively.
Preferably, the fertilization air channel comprises a left air channel and a right air channel which are not communicated with each other; the left air duct and the right air duct are respectively communicated with the fertilizing ports on the corresponding sides of the mounting rack.
Preferably, the fertilization air pipe is a three-way pipe, the air inlet end is connected with the fertilization fan, and the two air outlet ends are respectively connected with the left air duct and the right air duct.
Preferably, two air outlet ends of the fertilization air pipe are respectively connected to the rightmost end of the left air duct and the leftmost end of the right air duct.
Preferably, the fertilization driving pump is an electrically controlled variable pump.
Preferably, the speed regulating valve A, the speed regulating valve B, the speed regulating valve C and the speed regulating valve D are all formed by combining a pressure compensator and a variable throttle valve.
Preferably, the oil inlet of the safety valve A is connected to the oil outlet of the fan driving pump, and the oil outlet of the safety valve A is connected with the oil tank.
Preferably, the fertilizer application driving pump further comprises a safety valve B, an oil inlet of the safety valve B is connected to an oil outlet of the fertilizer application driving pump, and an oil outlet of the safety valve B is connected with the oil tank.
Preferably, the controller is electrically connected with a speed measuring radar for measuring the walking speed of the variable fertilizing device and feeding the walking speed back to the controller in real time.
The variable rate fertilization device can accurately control the rotating speed of the fertilization driving motor, so that the accurate control of the fertilization amount is realized; the rotating speed of the fan driving motor is adjustable in a step-by-step mode at 8 gear, so that not only can the fertilizer be prevented from being blocked in the fertilizer guide hose, but also the fertilizer can be adjusted in the soil penetration depth, and the agricultural requirements of different crops and soil conditions are met; the fertilizer is discharged through the reverse rotation of the fertilizer application driving motor, and the problem that the traditional mechanical fertilizer application and fertilizer discharge are difficult is solved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the structure of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a top view of FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the hydraulic system of the present invention;
fig. 4 is a block diagram of a control system of the present invention.
Wherein:
1. a mounting frame; 2. fertilizing; 3. a fertilizer applicator assembly; 4. fertilizer box; 5. a fertilization driving shaft; 6. a fertilization drive motor; 7. a right air duct; 8. a left air duct; 9. a fan drive motor; 10. a fertilizing fan; 11. a fertilizing air pipe; 12. a power source; 13. a transfer case; 14. an oil tank; 15. a fan-driven pump; 16. a safety valve A; 17. a speed regulating valve A; 18. a two-position two-way valve A; 19. a speed regulating valve B; 20. a two-position two-way valve B; 21. a speed regulating valve C; 22. a two-position two-way valve C; 23. a fertilization drive pump; 24. an encoder A; 25. a safety valve B; 26. a flow sensor; 27. a three-position four-way reversing valve; 28. a one-way valve A; 29. a check valve B; 30. a check valve C; 31. a check valve D; 32. a speed regulating valve D; 33. a pressure sensor; 34. an encoder B; 35. a proportional relief valve; 36. two-position two-way valve D.
Detailed Description
The invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings.
As shown in fig. 1 and 2, the variable rate fertilization device comprises a mounting frame 1, wherein a fertilization device, an air supply device and a control unit are arranged on the mounting frame 1; the fertilizing device comprises a fertilizing driving motor 6, a fertilizing driving shaft 5 and a plurality of fertilizing assemblies arranged side by side; the fertilizing component comprises a fertilizer box 4 and a fertilizer applicator assembly 3; the fertilizer applicator assembly 3 is an existing product, and the fertilizer applicator adopts a wheel groove type structure; the fertilization driving motor 6 and the fertilizer applicator assemblies 3 are fixedly arranged on the mounting frame 1, the fertilization driving shaft 5 sequentially penetrates through the fertilizer applicator assemblies 3 and is in transmission connection with the fertilizer applicator assemblies 3, one end of the fertilization driving shaft 5 is in transmission connection with the fertilization driving motor 6, and the fertilization driving motor 6 can drive the fertilizer applicator assemblies 3 to synchronously move through the fertilization driving shaft 5 after being started; the bottom of the fertilizer applicator assembly 3 is provided with a fertilizer applying opening 2, and the top is connected with a fertilizer box 4; the fertilizer applying opening 2 is connected with a fertilizer guiding hose which can accurately convey the fertilizer to a target position; the air supply device comprises a fan driving motor 9 and a fertilizing fan 10 which are in transmission connection, the fan driving motor 9 can drive the fertilizing fan 10 to operate after being started, and the fertilizing fan 10 is connected with a fertilizing air pipe 11; a fertilization air channel is arranged on the mounting frame 1, the fertilization air channel 11 and the fertilization port 2 are respectively communicated with the fertilization air channel, airflow generated by the fertilization fan 10 enters the fertilization air channel through the fertilization air channel 11, accelerated airflow in the fertilization air channel is conveyed to each fertilizer guide hose, and waste falling from the fertilization port 2 is conveyed to a target position;
as shown in fig. 3, the control unit includes a controller, a fuel tank 14, a power source 12, a transfer case 13, a fan drive circuit, and a fertilization drive circuit; the transfer case 13 is in transmission connection with the power source 12;
the fan driving loop comprises a fan driving pump 15, a speed regulating valve A17, a speed regulating valve B19, a speed regulating valve C21, a two-position two-way valve A18, a two-position two-way valve B20 and a two-position two-way valve C22; an oil outlet of the fan driving pump 15 is correspondingly connected with a port B of the two-position two-way valve A18, a port B of the two-position two-way valve B20 and a port B of the two-position two-way valve C22 through a speed regulating valve A17, a speed regulating valve B19 and a speed regulating valve C21 respectively; an opening A of the two-position two-way valve A18, an opening A of the two-position two-way valve B20 and an opening A of the two-position two-way valve C22 are respectively connected with an oil inlet of the fan driving motor 9;
the fertilization driving circuit comprises a fertilization driving pump 23, an encoder A24, an encoder B34, a flow sensor 26, a three-position four-way reversing valve 27, a one-way valve A28, a one-way valve B29, a one-way valve C30, a one-way valve D31, a speed regulating valve D32, a pressure sensor 33, a proportional overflow valve 35 and a two-position two-way valve D36; an oil outlet of the fertilization driving pump 23 is connected with a port P of the three-position four-way reversing valve 27, and a flow sensor 26 is arranged between the fertilization driving pump 23 and the three-position four-way reversing valve 27; the input end of the one-way valve A28 is connected with the port A of the three-position four-way reversing valve 27, the output end of the one-way valve A is connected with the input end of the one-way valve C30 through a speed regulating valve D32, and the output end of the one-way valve C30 is connected with the port A of the fertilization driving motor 6 through a pressure sensor 33; the output end of the one-way valve B29 is connected with the port A of the three-position four-way reversing valve 27, the input end of the one-way valve B is connected with the output end of the one-way valve D31 through a speed regulating valve D32, and the input end of the one-way valve D31 is connected with the port A of the fertilization driving motor 6 through a pressure sensor 33; an oil inlet of the proportional overflow valve 35 and an A port of the two-position two-way valve D36 are respectively connected with a B port of the fertilization driving motor 6, and an oil outlet of the proportional overflow valve 35 and a B port of the two-position two-way valve D36 are respectively connected with a B port of the three-position four-way reversing valve 27; the encoder A24 is in transmission connection with the fertilization driving pump 23; the encoder B34 is in transmission connection with the fertilizer applicator assembly;
an oil inlet of the fan drive pump 15, an oil outlet of the fan drive motor 9, an oil inlet of the fertilization drive pump 23 and an oil return port of the three-position four-way reversing valve 27 are respectively connected with the oil tank 14;
the fan driving pump 15 and the fertilization driving pump 23 are respectively in transmission connection with the transfer case 13; the encoder a24, the encoder B34, the flow sensor 26, and the pressure sensor 33 are electrically connected to the controller, respectively.
Further, as shown in fig. 1, the fertilizing air duct includes a left air duct 8 and a right air duct 7 which are not communicated with each other; left side wind channel 8 and right side wind channel 7 respectively with the fertilization mouth 2 intercommunication of the corresponding side on the mounting bracket 1, make the wind pressure of each fertilization mouth 2 department of left side part, right side part on the mounting bracket 1 close, fertilize more evenly.
Further, as shown in fig. 2, the fertilization air duct 11 is a three-way duct, an air inlet end is connected with the fertilization fan 10, and two air outlet ends are respectively connected with the left air duct 8 and the right air duct 7.
Further, as shown in fig. 2, two air outlet ends of the fertilization air duct 11 are respectively connected to the rightmost end of the left air duct 8 and the leftmost end of the right air duct 7.
Further, the fertilization driving pump 23 is an electrically controlled variable pump.
Furthermore, the speed regulating valve A17, the speed regulating valve B19, the speed regulating valve C21 and the speed regulating valve D32 are all formed by combining a pressure compensator and a variable throttle valve.
Furthermore, the fan control device further comprises a safety valve A16, an oil inlet of the safety valve A16 is connected to an oil outlet of the fan driving pump 15, and an oil outlet of the safety valve A16 is connected with the oil tank 14.
Further, the fertilizer distributor also comprises a safety valve B25, wherein an oil inlet of the safety valve B25 is connected to an oil outlet of the fertilizing driving pump 23, and an oil outlet of the safety valve B25 is connected with the oil tank 14.
Furthermore, the controller is electrically connected with a speed measuring radar for measuring the walking speed of the variable fertilizing device and feeding the walking speed back to the controller in real time.
The working process is as follows:
as shown in fig. 3 and 4, the fan drive circuit: the power source 12 drives the fan driving pump 15 to rotate through the transfer case 13, and the fan driving pump 15 sucks oil from the oil tank 14. The rotating speed of the fertilizing fan 10 can be adjusted in a 8-gear step-by-step mode through the on-off combination of the two-position two-way valve A18, the two-position two-way valve B20 and the two-position two-way valve C22. When the two-position two-way valve a18, the two-position two-way valve B20, and the two-position two-way valve C22 all work in the left position, the rotation speed of the fan drive motor 9 is the highest, and when the two-position two-way valve a18, the two-position two-way valve B20, and the two-position two-way valve C22 all work in the right position, the rotation speed of the fan drive motor 9 is 0. The flow rates of the speed regulating valve A17, the speed regulating valve B19 and the speed regulating valve C21 are different. The relief valve a16 is used to set a relief pressure of the fan drive circuit.
The fertilizing fan 10 has two main functions: (1) The fertilization fan 10 drives air to flow in an accelerated manner, and the accelerated air is blown into the fertilization air channel and the fertilizer guide hose in sequence, so that the fertilizer can be prevented from being blocked in the fertilizer guide hose; (2) The fertilization fan 10 blows to make fertilizer have certain initial velocity when flowing out from leading fertile hose, and the size of this initial velocity can decide the buried depth of fertilizer. When the rotating speed of the fertilizing fan 10 is maximum, the fertilizer penetration depth is maximum. This effect is particularly pronounced when fertilizing paddy fields.
Fertilization drive circuit: fertilization driving pump 23 is automatically controlled formula variable pump, and to fertilizer injection unit, power supply 12 often is tractor power output shaft or transplanter power output shaft, and there is fluctuation in the rotational speed of this type of power supply 12, follows the change of engine speed and changes, and fertilization driving pump 23 accessible self discharge capacity's change guarantees that its output flow is unchangeable, can ensure that the flow of fertilization driving circuit satisfies fertilization driving motor 6's rotational speed requirement all the time. If the power source 12 rotates 1000rpm, the displacement of the fertilization drive pump 23 is 20ml/rev, and when the power source 12 rotates up to 2000rpm, the displacement of the fertilization drive pump 23 can be automatically adjusted to 10ml/rev. The rotational speed of power source 12 is monitored by encoder A24 and fed back to the controller. The flow sensor 26 transmits the flow information to the controller in real time, and the flow information is compared with the theoretical flow obtained by combining the rotating speed of the encoder A24 and the real-time discharge capacity of the fertilization driving pump 23 to form closed-loop feedback control, so that the discharge capacity of the fertilization driving pump 23 is further adjusted, and the control precision is improved.
When the fertilizing machine is in a fertilizing state, the left side of the three-position four-way reversing valve 27 is connected, the right side of the two-position two-way valve D36 is connected, hydraulic oil output by the oil outlet of the fertilizing drive pump 23 sequentially flows through the flow sensor 26, the three-position four-way reversing valve 27, the one-way valve A28, the speed regulating valve D32 and the one-way valve C30 and flows into the port A of the fertilizing drive motor 6, hydraulic oil flowing out of the port B of the fertilizing drive motor 6 flows to the oil inlet of the proportional overflow valve 35, and the hydraulic oil flows back to the oil tank 14 through the oil outlet of the proportional overflow valve 35 and the oil return port of the three-position four-way reversing valve 27. In the fertilizing state, the working pressure of the fertilizing driving motor 6 is monitored by the pressure sensor 33, the optimal working pressure of the fertilizing driving motor 6 is input into the controller in advance, and the comprehensive efficiency of the fertilizing driving motor 6 under the pressure is highest. If the pressure monitored by the pressure sensor 33 is P1, the optimum working pressure is P2, and P2 > P1, the controller sets the opening pressure of the proportional relief valve 35 to (P2-P1), so as to ensure that the fertilization driving motor 6 works at the optimum pressure point. So configured, there are two benefits: (1) The fertilization driving motor 6 can be ensured to work in the state of highest efficiency, and the fertilization driving motor 6 has higher rotating speed control precision; (2) The opening pressure of the proportional overflow valve 35 can ensure that the fertilization driving motor 6 has a certain back pressure, prevent the oil output from the port B of the fertilization driving motor 6 from entering the air, and improve the speed rigidity of the fertilization driving motor 6. The rotating speed of the fertilization driving motor 6 is set by a speed regulating valve D32, a fertilization mode with a traveling speed variable is adopted, namely the rotating speed of the fertilization driving motor 6 is in direct proportion to the traveling speed, a proportionality coefficient k is adjustable, and the expression is as follows:
N＝kV
wherein N is the rotating speed of the fertilization driving motor 6, k is a proportionality coefficient, and V is a walking speed. Meanwhile, the encoder B34 transmits the actual rotating speed information to the controller in real time, the actual rotating speed information is compared with the theoretical rotating speed to form closed loop feedback control, the controller further adjusts the opening degree of the speed regulating valve D32 by adopting a PID algorithm, and the rotating speed control precision is improved.
When the fertilizer box 4 and the fertilizer applicator are in a fertilizer discharging state (no fertilizer is applied, the fertilizer of the fertilizer box 4 and the fertilizer applicator is discharged to prevent corrosion), the fertilizer applicator assembly 3 needs to rotate in the opposite direction, at this time, the right side of the three-position four-way reversing valve 27 is connected, the left side of the two-position two-way valve D36 is connected, the opening pressure of the proportional overflow valve 35 is adjusted to be far higher than the working pressure of the fertilizer application driving motor 6, and the hydraulic oil output by the oil outlet of the fertilizer application driving pump 23 sequentially flows through the flow sensor 26, the three-position four-way reversing valve 27, the two-position two-way valve D36, the fertilizer application driving motor 6, the one-way valve D31, the speed regulating valve D32 and the one-way valve B29 and finally flows back to the oil tank 14 through the oil return port of the three-position four-way reversing valve 27. In the fertilizer discharging state, the rotation speed of the fertilizer application driving motor 6 is kept at a constant value, and the value is determined by the opening degree of the speed regulating valve D32.
The decision of whether to be in the fertilizing or fertilizing state is determined by the information fed back by the encoder B34.
And measuring the walking speed by adopting a speed measuring radar and feeding the walking speed back to the controller in real time.
Claims (9)
1. A variable rate fertilization device comprises an installation rack (1), and is characterized in that a fertilization device, an air supply device and a control unit are arranged on the installation rack (1); the fertilizing device comprises a fertilizing driving motor (6), a fertilizing driving shaft (5) and a plurality of fertilizing assemblies arranged side by side; the fertilizing component comprises a fertilizer box (4) and a fertilizer applicator assembly (3); the fertilization driving motor (6) and the fertilizer applicator assemblies (3) are fixedly arranged on the mounting frame (1), the fertilization driving shaft (5) sequentially penetrates through the fertilizer applicator assemblies (3) and is in transmission connection with the fertilizer applicator assemblies (3), and one end of the fertilization driving shaft (5) is in transmission connection with the fertilization driving motor (6); the bottom of the fertilizer applicator assembly (3) is provided with a fertilizer applying opening (2), and the top is connected with a fertilizer box (4); the fertilizing port (2) is connected with a fertilizer guiding hose; the air supply device comprises a fan driving motor (9) and a fertilization fan (10) which are in transmission connection, and the fertilization fan (10) is connected with a fertilization air pipe (11); a fertilization air channel is arranged on the mounting rack (1), and the fertilization air channel (11) and the fertilization port (2) are respectively communicated with the fertilization air channel;
the control unit comprises a controller, an oil tank (14), a power source (12), a transfer case (13), a fan driving loop and a fertilization driving loop; the transfer case (13) is in transmission connection with the power source (12);
the fan driving circuit comprises a fan driving pump (15), a speed regulating valve A (17), a speed regulating valve B (19), a speed regulating valve C (21), a two-position two-way valve A (18), a two-position two-way valve B (20) and a two-position two-way valve C (22); an oil outlet of the fan driving pump (15) is respectively and correspondingly connected with a port B of the two-position two-way valve A (18), a port B of the two-position two-way valve B (20) and a port B of the two-position two-way valve C (22) through a speed regulating valve A (17), a speed regulating valve B (19) and a speed regulating valve C (21); an opening A of the two-position two-way valve A (18), an opening A of the two-position two-way valve B (20) and an opening A of the two-position two-way valve C (22) are respectively connected with an oil inlet of a fan driving motor (9);
the fertilization driving circuit comprises a fertilization driving pump (23), an encoder A (24), an encoder B (34), a flow sensor (26), a three-position four-way reversing valve (27), a one-way valve A (28), a one-way valve B (29), a one-way valve C (30), a one-way valve D (31), a speed regulating valve D (32), a pressure sensor (33), a proportional overflow valve (35) and a two-position two-way valve D (36); an oil outlet of the fertilization driving pump (23) is connected with a port P of the three-position four-way reversing valve (27), and a flow sensor (26) is arranged between the fertilization driving pump (23) and the three-position four-way reversing valve (27); the input end of the one-way valve A (28) is connected with the port A of the three-position four-way reversing valve (27), the output end of the one-way valve A is connected with the input end of the one-way valve C (30) through a speed regulating valve D (32), and the output end of the one-way valve C (30) is connected with the port A of the fertilization driving motor (6) through a pressure sensor (33); the output end of the one-way valve B (29) is connected with the port A of the three-position four-way reversing valve (27), the input end of the one-way valve B is connected with the output end of the one-way valve D (31) through a speed regulating valve D (32), and the input end of the one-way valve D (31) is connected with the port A of the fertilization driving motor (6) through a pressure sensor (33); an oil inlet of the proportional overflow valve (35) and an A port of the two-position two-way valve D (36) are respectively connected with a B port of the fertilization driving motor (6), and an oil outlet of the proportional overflow valve (35) and the B port of the two-position two-way valve D (36) are respectively connected with a B port of the three-position four-way reversing valve (27); the encoder A (24) is in transmission connection with the fertilization driving pump (23); the encoder B (34) is in transmission connection with the fertilizer applicator assembly (3);
an oil inlet of the fan drive pump (15), an oil outlet of the fan drive motor (9), an oil inlet of the fertilization drive pump (23) and an oil return port of the three-position four-way reversing valve (27) are respectively connected with the oil tank (14);
the fan drive pump (15) and the fertilization drive pump (23) are in transmission connection with the transfer case (13) respectively; the encoder A (24), the encoder B (34), the flow sensor (26) and the pressure sensor (33) are electrically connected with the controller respectively.
2. A variable rate fertilization device according to claim 1, wherein the fertilization air ducts include a left air duct (8) and a right air duct (7) which are not communicated with each other; the left air duct (8) and the right air duct (7) are respectively communicated with the fertilizing port (2) on the corresponding side of the mounting rack (1).
3. A variable rate fertilizer apparatus as claimed in claim 2, characterized in that the fertilization air duct (11) is a three-way duct, the air inlet end is connected with the fertilization fan (10), and the two air outlet ends are respectively connected with the left air duct (8) and the right air duct (7).
4. A variable rate fertilizer apparatus according to claim 3, wherein two air outlets of the fertilization air duct (11) are respectively connected to the rightmost end of the left air duct (8) and the leftmost end of the right air duct (7).
5. A variable rate fertilizer apparatus as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 4 wherein the fertilizer driving pump (23) is an electrically controlled variable rate pump.
6. A variable fertilizing device as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the speed regulating valve A (17), the speed regulating valve B (19), the speed regulating valve C (21) and the speed regulating valve D (32) are all formed by combining a pressure compensator and a variable throttle valve.
7. A variable rate fertilizer apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising a safety valve a (16), wherein an oil inlet of the safety valve a (16) is connected to an oil outlet of the fan drive pump (15), and an oil outlet of the safety valve a (16) is connected to the oil tank (14).
8. A variable rate fertilization device according to claim 1, further comprising a safety valve B (25), an oil inlet of the safety valve B (25) being connected to an oil outlet of the fertilization drive pump (23), and an oil outlet of the safety valve B (25) being connected to the oil tank (14).
9. The variable rate fertilizer apparatus of claim 1, wherein a speed measuring radar is electrically connected to the controller for measuring the traveling speed of the variable rate fertilizer apparatus and feeding back the measured traveling speed to the controller in real time.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
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Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP0282812A2 (en) * | 1987-03-11 | 1988-09-21 | Amazonen-Werke H. Dreyer GmbH & Co. KG | Hydraulic system for driving a spreader |
| DE19944835A1 (en) * | 1999-09-18 | 2001-03-22 | Rauch Landmaschfab Gmbh | Fertiliser spreader has stirrer and spreader disks driven by hydraulic motors connected via control valves in parallel to pressure feed of constant velocity pump in hydraulic system of vehicle |
| CN106342464A (en) * | 2016-11-03 | 2017-01-25 | 塔里木大学 | Hydraulic circuit for organic fertilizer and chemical fertilizer proportioning fertilization device |
| CN107816464A (en) * | 2017-11-29 | 2018-03-20 | 农业部南京农业机械化研究所 | A kind of Pneumatic type paddy planter fluid power system |
| CN209749136U (en) * | 2019-03-04 | 2019-12-10 | 石河子大学 | Be suitable for two case fertilizer distributor series connection hydraulic control return circuits in field |
-
2022
- 2022-06-16 CN CN202210679487.5A patent/CN114946354B/en active Active
Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP0282812A2 (en) * | 1987-03-11 | 1988-09-21 | Amazonen-Werke H. Dreyer GmbH & Co. KG | Hydraulic system for driving a spreader |
| DE19944835A1 (en) * | 1999-09-18 | 2001-03-22 | Rauch Landmaschfab Gmbh | Fertiliser spreader has stirrer and spreader disks driven by hydraulic motors connected via control valves in parallel to pressure feed of constant velocity pump in hydraulic system of vehicle |
| CN106342464A (en) * | 2016-11-03 | 2017-01-25 | 塔里木大学 | Hydraulic circuit for organic fertilizer and chemical fertilizer proportioning fertilization device |
| CN107816464A (en) * | 2017-11-29 | 2018-03-20 | 农业部南京农业机械化研究所 | A kind of Pneumatic type paddy planter fluid power system |
| CN209749136U (en) * | 2019-03-04 | 2019-12-10 | 石河子大学 | Be suitable for two case fertilizer distributor series connection hydraulic control return circuits in field |
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| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN114946354A (en) | 2022-08-30 |
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