CN107816464B - Hydraulic driving system of pneumatic type paddy planter - Google Patents
Hydraulic driving system of pneumatic type paddy planter Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN107816464B CN107816464B CN201711227059.4A CN201711227059A CN107816464B CN 107816464 B CN107816464 B CN 107816464B CN 201711227059 A CN201711227059 A CN 201711227059A CN 107816464 B CN107816464 B CN 107816464B
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- Prior art keywords
- hydraulic
- seeding
- lifting
- valve
- folding
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Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F15—FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
- F15B—SYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F15B11/00—Servomotor systems without provision for follow-up action; Circuits therefor
- F15B11/16—Servomotor systems without provision for follow-up action; Circuits therefor with two or more servomotors
- F15B11/17—Servomotor systems without provision for follow-up action; Circuits therefor with two or more servomotors using two or more pumps
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C7/00—Sowing
- A01C7/06—Seeders combined with fertilising apparatus
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F15—FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
- F15B—SYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F15B13/00—Details of servomotor systems ; Valves for servomotor systems
- F15B13/02—Fluid distribution or supply devices characterised by their adaptation to the control of servomotors
- F15B13/06—Fluid distribution or supply devices characterised by their adaptation to the control of servomotors for use with two or more servomotors
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F15—FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
- F15B—SYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F15B21/00—Common features of fluid actuator systems; Fluid-pressure actuator systems or details thereof, not covered by any other group of this subclass
- F15B21/04—Special measures taken in connection with the properties of the fluid
- F15B21/041—Removal or measurement of solid or liquid contamination, e.g. filtering
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F15—FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
- F15B—SYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F15B21/00—Common features of fluid actuator systems; Fluid-pressure actuator systems or details thereof, not covered by any other group of this subclass
- F15B21/08—Servomotor systems incorporating electrically operated control means
- F15B21/087—Control strategy, e.g. with block diagram
Abstract
The invention relates to a hydraulic driving system of a pneumatic paddy planter, wherein the actuating elements of a lifting folding system are two lifting hydraulic cylinders; the rodless cavity oil ways of the two hydraulic cylinders are provided with hydraulic control one-way valves for locking the positions of the hydraulic cylinders; the power element of the folding hydraulic system and the lifting system share the gear pump of the lifting folding system, the direction control element of the folding hydraulic system is a three-position four-way manual reversing valve, the system enables the seeding frame to be unfolded during operation, the width is increased, and the seeding frame is folded during transition; the seeding and fertilizing hydraulic system comprises a seeding hydraulic loop and a fertilizing hydraulic loop, the rotating speed sensor monitors the rotating speed of the cycloid motor in real time and feeds back the rotating speed to the comparison element, and the comparison element compares the rotating speed provided by the command element with the actually measured rotating speed so as to feed back the regulating signal to the electric controller. The invention adopts the scheme of centralized seed metering and pneumatic uniform distribution, thereby simplifying the seeding system; the seeding frame can be folded and unfolded, the operation width is large, the efficiency is high, and the transportation is convenient.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a hydraulic driving system of a pneumatic paddy planter, and belongs to the technical field of agricultural machinery.
Background
The intelligent novel agricultural machinery becomes a new hot spot for research in the field of agricultural machinery, and the hydraulic technology is used as a bridge for connecting the mechanical technology and the electronic technology, and is continuously applied and developed in the field of the intelligent agricultural machinery. Compared with the country, the developed country in the foreign country widely applies advanced technologies such as electromechanical and hydraulic integration and the like on agricultural modern equipment, further improves the operability, comfort, convenience and intelligent level of agricultural machinery, and provides technical support for accurate agriculture.
The paddy rice planting mode is divided into two large technical systems of direct seeding and transplanting, and the paddy planter ensures the emergence rate and the paddy yield on the basis of omitting a seedling raising link, thereby greatly reducing the paddy rice planting cost. The existing direct seeding machine has the following technical defects: 1) The number of operation lines is small, the breadth is small, and the operation efficiency is low; 2) The seeding system has complex transmission, the seeding quantity can not be adjusted, and the intelligent degree is low; 3) The seeding and fertilizer discharging composite operation cannot be realized; 4) The quality of the work is poor.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to design a folding lifting system of a seeding frame by adopting a design thought of combining centralized seeding and uniform air flow distribution, increase the operation breadth, improve the operation efficiency, develop intelligent pneumatic centralized-drainage type variable fertilizing and seeding equipment with uniform and stable discharge capacity according to different requirements of different planting conditions and seeding periods on the seeding density and the fertilizing amount of paddy rice, realize seed fertilizer self-adaptive variable operation, and simultaneously introduce closed-loop feedback control for accurately controlling the seeding amount and the fertilizing amount so as to correct errors.
The invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a hydraulic driving system of a pneumatic paddy planter comprises a lifting folding hydraulic system, a seeding and fertilizer discharging hydraulic system and a fan driving hydraulic system, and a tractor PTO output shaft 1; the tractor PTO output shaft 1 is respectively connected with a lifting folding system gear pump 2, a sowing and fertilizer discharging gear pump 3 and a fan driving gear pump 32; the gear pump 2 of the lifting folding system is respectively connected with the lifting hydraulic system and the folding hydraulic system; the lifting hydraulic system comprises a three-position four-way proportional reversing valve 7, the three-position four-way proportional reversing valve 7 is connected with a flow distribution and collection valve 8, the three-position four-way proportional reversing valve 7 is used for detecting the height from the ground to the seeding frame by using a height sensor, and the height between the seeding frame and the ground is kept unchanged by automatic control adjustment of the proportional valve when the ground is fluctuated, the three-position four-way proportional reversing valve 7 is an M-shaped median function, and is used for unloading the lifting system when the three-position four-way proportional reversing valve is arranged in the median; the actuating elements of the lifting folding system are two lifting hydraulic cylinders 14 and 15, and the flow dividing and collecting valve ensures that the two lifting hydraulic cylinders have certain synchronous precision in the lifting process; the rodless cavity oil ways of the two hydraulic cylinders are provided with hydraulic control one-way valves for locking the positions of the hydraulic cylinders; the power element of the folding hydraulic system and the lifting system share the lifting folding system gear pump 2, the actuating element of the folding hydraulic system is two folding hydraulic cylinders, the direction control element of the folding hydraulic system is a three-position four-way manual reversing valve 18, the three-position four-way manual reversing valve 18 is an M-shaped middle position function and is used for unloading the folding system when being arranged in the middle position, the system expands a seeding frame during operation, increases the width, and folds the seeding frame during transition, so that the transportation is convenient; the seeding and fertilizer discharging hydraulic system comprises a seeding hydraulic circuit and a fertilizer discharging hydraulic circuit, the seeding and fertilizer discharging hydraulic circuit and the fertilizer discharging gear pump 3 are shared, and the seeding and fertilizer discharging hydraulic circuit and the fertilizer discharging gear pump are respectively provided with a command element, a comparison element, an electric controller, a proportional reversing valve, a cycloid motor and a rotating speed sensor which are sequentially connected, the rotating speed sensor monitors the rotating speed of the cycloid motor on line and feeds back the rotating speed to the comparison element, and the comparison element compares the rotating speed provided by the command element with the actually measured rotating speed, so as to feed back an adjusting signal to the electric controller. The fan driving hydraulic system drives the fan by using a high-speed gear motor, and the rotating speed is continuously adjustable within a certain range; the power element of the fan driving hydraulic system is a fan driving gear pump 32, the fan driving gear pump is driven by a tractor PTO output shaft 1, the flow control element of the system is a proportional speed regulating valve 37, the proportional speed regulating valve is formed by connecting a variable throttle valve and a constant difference pressure reducing valve in series, the opening of the throttle opening is controlled by changing the current of a proportional electromagnet, and then the rotating speed of a fan driving motor 38 is regulated.
Further, the maximum working speed of the two lifting hydraulic cylinders of the lifting hydraulic system is 0.10m/s, and the flow dividing and collecting valve is 1:1.
Further, the maximum operating speed of the folding hydraulic cylinder is 0.15m/s.
Furthermore, the seeding motor and the fertilizer discharging motor are cycloid motors, the rotating speed variable range of the seeding motor and the fertilizer discharging motor is 75-300rpm, the maximum torque is 30 N.m, the control elements of the seeding and fertilizer discharging hydraulic circuit are two-position two-way proportional reversing valves, the two-position two-way proportional reversing valves have the double functions of controlling the on-off of the circuit and changing the flow, and a fixed difference reducing valve is arranged at one side of an oil inlet of the valve and is used for controlling the pressure difference of two ends of the valve to be unchanged, so that the flow passing through the proportional reversing valve is only related to the current and is irrelevant to the load change, and the proportional reversing valve controls the rotating speed of the motor according to the walking speed of a tractor and the set seeding quantity and fertilizing quantity of a user, thereby realizing intelligent and accurate control.
Further, the fan driving hydraulic system drives the fan by using a high-speed gear motor, and the rotating speed is continuously adjustable in a certain range; the fan driving hydraulic motor is a gear motor, and the rotating speed adjusting range of the motor is 2000-3000rpm.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1) The pneumatic direct seeding machine is driven by a hydraulic system, is flexible in arrangement, simple in structure and high in reliability.
2) The seeding amount and the fertilizer discharging amount are infinitely adjustable, suitable seeding amount and fertilizer discharging amount can be provided according to the walking speed and different operation requirements, and the intelligent degree is high, and the electric control is easy.
3) The direct seeding machine adopts the scheme of centralized seeding and pneumatic uniform distribution, thereby simplifying the seeding system.
4) The seeding frame can be folded and unfolded, the operation width is large, the efficiency is high, and the transportation is convenient.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a hydraulic driving system of a pneumatic type paddy planter according to the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a seeding and fertilizer discharging feedback control system.
In the figure: the mechanical power transmission device comprises a 1-tractor PTO output shaft 2-lifting folding system gear pump 3-seeding and fertilizer discharging system gear pump, a 4-first hydraulic meter, a 30-second hydraulic meter, a 35-third hydraulic meter 5-first stop valve, a 29-second stop valve, a 34-third stop valve, a 6-first filter, a 28-second filter, a 36-third filter, a 7-three-position four-way proportional reversing valve, an 8-split flow collecting valve, a 9-first one-way throttle valve, a 10-second one-way throttle valve, a 11-third one-way throttle valve, a 12-first hydraulic control one-way valve, a 13-second hydraulic control one-way valve 14-first lifting hydraulic cylinder, a 15-second lifting hydraulic cylinder 16-first safety valve, a 17-second safety valve, a 31-third safety valve, a 33-fourth safety valve 18-three-position four-way manual reversing valve 19-first folding hydraulic cylinder, a 20-second folding hydraulic cylinder, a 21-seeding driving motor 22-first two-position two-way proportional reversing valve, a 26-second two-position two-way proportional reversing valve, a 13-second two-way proportional two-way throttle valve 23-a 25-first differential valve, a second motor, a speed reducing motor 24-differential motor, a speed reducing motor driving motor and a speed reducing motor 32-differential motor.
Detailed Description
The invention will be further described with reference to the drawings and specific examples.
Fig. 1 shows a schematic diagram of a hydraulic system according to the invention.
The tractor PTO is a power source of the whole hydraulic system, and the hydraulic system can be divided into a lifting hydraulic system, a folding hydraulic system, a seeding and fertilizer discharging hydraulic system and a fan driving hydraulic system according to different hydraulic pumps.
The power element of the lifting and folding hydraulic system is a lifting and folding system gear pump 2, the output end of the lifting and folding system gear pump 2 is connected with a filter 6 and a first hydraulic gauge 4, the filter is a sintered oil filter, the filtering precision is high, the oil outlet of the filter is connected with a three-position four-way proportional reversing valve 7 of a directional control element of the lifting system, the system detects the height from the ground to a seeding frame by using a height sensor, the height of the seeding frame and the ground are kept unchanged by automatic control adjustment of a proportional valve when the ground is fluctuated, the working quality of the direct seeding machine is further ensured, when the three-position four-way proportional reversing valve 7 is in a left position, the lifting hydraulic cylinder does not have a rod cavity for oil feeding, the seeding frame ascends, when the reversing valve is in a right position, the hydraulic cylinder has a rod cavity for oil feeding, the seeding frame descends, when the reversing valve is in a middle position, one side of a rodless cavity of the first lifting hydraulic cylinder 14 and a second lifting hydraulic cylinder 15 is connected with a flow dividing and collecting valve 8, the flow dividing ratio of the flow dividing and collecting valve is 1:1, and the three hydraulic cylinders are used for guaranteeing a certain synchronous precision in the ascending process, and three hydraulic cylinders, and three hydraulic valves 10 and a single-control valve 11 are used for controlling the speed of the lifting and the hydraulic system is used for locking a single-control valve to be in a high speed and a safety valve 13. The direction control element of the folding system is a three-position four-way manual reversing valve 18, the hydraulic oil direction of the system is manually controlled, when the reversing valve is in the left position, the folding hydraulic cylinder does not have rod cavity oil inlet, when the reversing valve is in the right position, the folding hydraulic cylinder has rod cavity oil inlet, when the folding hydraulic cylinder is in the middle position, the system is unloaded, and the excessive heating value is prevented.
The power element of the seeding and fertilizer discharging hydraulic system is a seeding and fertilizer discharging system gear pump 3, the output end of the seeding and fertilizer discharging system gear pump 3 is connected with a second filter 28 and a second hydraulic meter 30, and the oil outlets of the filters are divided into two parts and are respectively connected with the seeding and fertilizer discharging hydraulic system. The flow control elements of the seeding and fertilizer discharging hydraulic system are respectively in series connection with fixed-difference pressure reducing valves 23 and 25 and two-position two-way proportional reversing valves 22 and 26, the fixed-difference pressure reducing valves are used for guaranteeing constant pressure difference at two ends of the proportional reversing valves, the two-position two-way proportional reversing valves have the dual functions of controlling circuit on-off and changing flow, when the reversing valves are in the right position, the hydraulic circuit is disconnected, the seeding and fertilizer discharging motors are not operated, when the reversing valves are in the left position, the flow through the reversing valves is controlled by the current passing through the proportional electromagnets, the proportional reversing valves control motor rotating speeds according to the walking speed of the tractor and the set seeding and fertilizing amounts of a user, and intelligent precise control is realized, and the seeding driving motor 21 and the fertilizer discharging driving motor 27 are cycloid motors. The third relief valve 31 is used to set the relief pressure of the seeding and fertilizer discharging hydraulic system.
The power element of the fan driving hydraulic system is a fan driving gear pump 32, the output end of the fan driving gear pump 32 is connected with a filter 36, the oil outlet of the filter is connected with a proportional speed regulating valve 37, the proportional speed regulating valve is formed by connecting a variable throttle valve and a constant difference pressure reducing valve in series, the opening of the throttle opening is controlled by changing the current of a proportional electromagnet, the rotating speed of a motor is regulated, the fan driving motor is a high-speed gear motor, and a fourth safety valve 33 is used for setting the safety pressure of the sowing fan driving hydraulic system.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a feed back control system for sowing and fertilizer discharging in accordance with the present invention.
The system is instructed by the instruction original paper, and the proportional reversing valve is controlled through the comparison element and the electric controller in turn, and controls the opening of the throttling orifice by changing the current of the proportional electromagnet, so as to control the rotating speeds of the seeding motor and the fertilizer discharging motor, wherein the seeding motor and the fertilizer discharging motor are both provided with a rotating speed sensor for detecting the rotating speed of the motor output shaft and feeding back data to the comparison element, and the comparison element is used for controlling the error between the set rotating speed and the actual rotating speed through comparison, and the comparison element is used for issuing the instruction, finely adjusting the rotating speed of the motor, so that intelligent accurate control is realized.
The foregoing is a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and various changes and modifications may be made therein by those skilled in the art without departing from the general inventive concept, and such changes and modifications should be considered as falling within the scope of the claimed invention.
Claims (3)
1. A hydraulic driving system of a pneumatic paddy planter is characterized in that:
comprises a lifting folding hydraulic system, a seeding and fertilizer discharging hydraulic system and a fan driving hydraulic system, and a tractor PTO output shaft (1);
the tractor PTO output shaft (1) is respectively connected with the lifting folding system gear pump (2), the sowing and fertilizer discharging gear pump (3) and the fan driving gear pump (32);
the lifting folding system gear pump (2) is respectively connected with the lifting hydraulic system and the folding hydraulic system;
the lifting hydraulic system comprises a three-position four-way proportional reversing valve (7), the three-position four-way proportional reversing valve (7) is connected with a flow distribution and collection valve (8), the three-position four-way proportional reversing valve (7) is used for detecting the height from the ground to the seeding frame by using a height sensor, and the height between the seeding frame and the ground is kept unchanged through automatic control adjustment of the proportional valve when the ground is fluctuant, and the three-position four-way proportional reversing valve (7) is M-shaped median function and is used for unloading the lifting system when the ground is median; the actuating elements of the lifting folding system are two lifting hydraulic cylinders (14, 15), and the flow dividing and collecting valve ensures that the two lifting hydraulic cylinders have certain synchronous precision in the lifting process; the rodless cavity oil ways of the two hydraulic cylinders are provided with hydraulic control one-way valves for locking the positions of the hydraulic cylinders;
the power element of the folding hydraulic system and the lifting system share the lifting folding system gear pump (2), the actuating element of the folding hydraulic system is two folding hydraulic cylinders, the direction control element of the folding hydraulic system is a three-position four-way manual reversing valve (18), the three-position four-way manual reversing valve (18) is an M-shaped median function, the three-position four-way manual reversing valve is used for unloading of the folding system when being placed in the median, the system expands a seeding frame during operation, increases the width, and enables the seeding frame to be folded during transition, so that the folding system is convenient to transport;
the seeding and fertilizer discharging hydraulic system comprises a seeding hydraulic circuit and a fertilizer discharging hydraulic circuit, the seeding and fertilizer discharging hydraulic circuit and the seeding and fertilizer discharging gear pump (3) are used together, and are respectively provided with a command element, a comparison element, an electric controller, a proportional reversing valve, a cycloid motor and a rotating speed sensor which are sequentially connected, the rotating speed sensor monitors the rotating speed of the cycloid motor in real time and feeds back the rotating speed to the comparison element, and the comparison element compares the rotating speed provided by the command element with the actually measured rotating speed so as to feed back an adjusting signal to the electric controller;
the fan driving hydraulic system drives the fan by using a high-speed gear motor, and the rotating speed is continuously adjustable within a certain range; the power element of the fan driving hydraulic system is a fan driving gear pump (32), the fan driving gear pump is driven by a PTO output shaft (1) of a tractor, the flow control element of the system is a proportional speed regulating valve (37), the proportional speed regulating valve is formed by connecting a variable throttle valve and a constant difference pressure reducing valve in series, the opening of a throttle opening is controlled by changing the current of a proportional electromagnet, and then the rotating speed of a fan driving motor (38) is regulated;
the maximum working speed of two lifting hydraulic cylinders of the lifting hydraulic system is 0.10m/s, and the flow dividing and collecting valve has a flow dividing ratio of 1:1;
the maximum operating speed of the folding hydraulic cylinder is 0.15m/s.
2. A pneumatic rice direct seeding machine hydraulic drive system as claimed in claim 1 wherein: the seeding motor and the fertilizer discharging motor are cycloid motors, the variable range of the rotation speeds of the seeding motor and the fertilizer discharging motor is 75-300rpm, the maximum torque is 30N m, the control elements of the seeding and fertilizer discharging hydraulic circuit are two-position two-way proportional reversing valves, the two-position two-way proportional reversing valves have the double functions of controlling the on-off of the circuit and changing the flow, and a constant-difference pressure reducing valve is arranged on one side of an oil inlet of the valve and used for controlling the pressure difference of two ends of the valve to be unchanged, so that the flow passing through the proportional reversing valve is only related to the control current and is irrelevant to the load change, and the proportional reversing valve controls the rotation speed of the motor according to the walking speed of the tractor, the set seeding quantity and the fertilizing quantity of a user, and intelligent and accurate control is realized.
3. A pneumatic rice direct seeding machine hydraulic drive system as claimed in claim 1 wherein: the fan driving hydraulic system drives the fan by using a high-speed gear motor, and the speed regulating valve enables the rotating speed of the fan to be continuously adjustable within a certain range; the fan driving hydraulic motor is a gear motor, and the rotating speed adjusting range of the motor is 2000-3000rpm.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201711227059.4A CN107816464B (en) | 2017-11-29 | 2017-11-29 | Hydraulic driving system of pneumatic type paddy planter |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201711227059.4A CN107816464B (en) | 2017-11-29 | 2017-11-29 | Hydraulic driving system of pneumatic type paddy planter |
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| CN107816464A CN107816464A (en) | 2018-03-20 |
| CN107816464B true CN107816464B (en) | 2023-10-20 |
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN108757616B (en) * | 2018-07-13 | 2019-12-03 | 江苏大学 | A kind of panzer synchronous hydraulic jacking system with levelling function |
| CN108843635B (en) * | 2018-08-17 | 2023-10-17 | 农业部南京农业机械化研究所 | Hydraulic transmission control system and control method for hilly and mountain tractor |
| CN109488658B (en) * | 2019-01-15 | 2023-08-25 | 岭南师范学院 | Hydraulic control system for dynamic seed metering device test bed |
| CN110637570B (en) * | 2019-09-20 | 2020-12-11 | 农业农村部南京农业机械化研究所 | Control method of full hydraulic drive high-speed transplanter chassis |
| CN112460082A (en) * | 2020-04-23 | 2021-03-09 | 丰疆智能科技股份有限公司 | Electric control hydraulic system and automatic adjusting method thereof |
| CN112492943A (en) * | 2020-12-15 | 2021-03-16 | 塔里木大学 | Orchard traction type double-fertilizer-box variable fertilizer applicator and fertilizing method |
| CN114946354B (en) * | 2022-06-16 | 2023-02-28 | 农业农村部南京农业机械化研究所 | Variable rate fertilizer injection unit |
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| EP0716251A1 (en) * | 1994-11-30 | 1996-06-12 | SAMHYDRAULIK S.p.A. | Control system for variable displacement hydraulic pumps in automotive type closed circuit hydrostatic drives |
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