CN114940014A - 条带状黄麻纤维树脂预浸复合材料加工方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种条带状黄麻纤维树脂预浸复合材料加工方法，包括如下步骤：a.初梳除杂；b.静置；c.梳理和并合；d.针梳；e.铺网贴合。本发明的方法克服了现有技术的缺陷，实现了发明目的，采用本发明方法制备的黄麻纤维（或黄麻布）树脂预浸复合料适合做超薄和超厚型树脂复合材料。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种黄麻纤维处理方法，特别涉及一种条带状黄麻纤维树脂预浸复合材料加工方法。
背景技术
目前，常见的纤维类树脂复合材料主要是以玻璃纤维、芳纶等与环氧树脂、酚醛树脂加工而成，产品以板材为主。
黄麻纤维应用在树脂产品中一类是黄麻织造布为填充材料，另一类是黄麻短纤维先加工成热熔性树脂粒子，然后再做成树脂类板材。
但是，黄麻布在热固性树脂材料方面的应用，因麻布较厚（一般1mm以上），在层叠热压成板材或型材时对树脂的层与层之间隔断型强，与树脂结合性能差，易于分层，且不适合加工薄型板材（如手机壳等）。黄麻短纤热熔性树脂粒子做成的板材，因黄麻纤维极短（一般不超过1cm），分散在树脂中杂乱无章，纹理效果不佳。
另外，现有技术如果麻布制作预浸料前不经过脱油、脱盐处理就会影响与树脂的结合强度，因此黄麻纤维加工过程中需要加入软化油剂和化工添加剂，如矿物油、烧碱、钠盐等，以使黄麻纤维间的果胶充分软化溶解。但是，这样又影响了后道工序黄麻纤维与树脂的粘结，影响产品质量。
现有技术的方法还不适于制备黄麻纤维树脂预浸复合材料，尤其是条带状黄麻纤维树脂预浸复合材料。
因此，找到一种可行的条带状黄麻纤维树脂预浸复合材料加工方法，克服现有技术的缺陷，是本领域迫切需要解决的技术问题。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种可行的条带状黄麻纤维树脂预浸复合材料加工方法，能够克服现有技术的缺陷。
为了解决上述技术问题，本发明的条带状黄麻纤维树脂预浸复合材料加工方法，包括如下步骤：
a.初梳除杂：将黄麻熟麻均匀平铺通过延展设备梳理，在出麻罗拉与成卷器之间对运行中的麻条从正上方喷水，喷水量与麻的重量比为10％，黄麻纤维梳理成直径1.2-1.4米卷装；
b.静置：将经上述步骤处理的麻卷紧密排列静置，上覆盖麻布防止水分散失，静置时间：夏季堆仓1-2天，如在冬季则堆仓2-3天；
c.梳理和并合：将经上述步骤处理的麻条先后经两道工序的纤维梳理和一道工序的并合，成4根麻条；
d.针梳：将上述并合后的4根麻条经喂入罗拉后进入梳箱进行梳理，喂入条架和梳箱部分均采用CZ304B针梳机的机构，麻纤维经梳箱梳理由牵伸罗拉输出后再经45度角的平面三角导板导转90度横向输出，出条速度10±1米/分钟，出条克重20-50克/米，每米重量不匀率小于5%，条宽18±0.5厘米；
e.铺网贴合：在针梳机梳箱麻条输出端横向设置一套条带状树脂预浸料与麻纤维网的贴合装置进行铺网贴合，即退卷、膜剥离、贴合、再成卷。
所述步骤a，延展设备采用HN延展机。
所述步骤c，第一道梳理采用NO1或C111梳麻机，出条克重控制在105±5克/米；第二道梳理采用C121梳麻机，出条克重控制在50-60克/米；并合机采用C261或FC301并条机，出条克重控制在30±2克/米。
所述步骤e，原料膜为条带状，条宽为20厘米，中心为纸管的卷装，三层构成，底层为蜡光纸、中层为环氧树脂胶，面层为塑料保护膜，原料膜经被动退卷机构退卷后，由前上、下导辊握持，面层塑料膜经正上方剥离辊与粘贴的树脂胶层即蜡光纸和树脂胶层撕开剥离，上层撕开剥离后塑料膜与下层纸、胶贴合层隔距为15-20厘米，上下两层保持15-20厘米的隔距长度为40厘米再导入到后上、下贴合导辊；下层纸、胶贴合层与针梳机梳箱输出端三角导板横向导出的麻条贴合，即三角导板位于下层纸、胶贴合层正上方，隔距为1-2厘米，梳箱中心线与剥离形成的开口位置对中；上层塑料膜经引导辊导入到后上、下贴合导辊与下层纸、胶、麻复合层进行加压贴合，输出麻条线速度与贴合输出速度保持同步。
所述加压贴合采用实心金属辊重力加压。
所述前上、下导辊和后上、下贴合导辊因需要摩擦力牵引均采用绒质皮层金属辊。
还包括卷绕步骤f，把上道工序输出的树脂预浸复合料通过角同步控制装置进行卷绕；
所述步骤f，卷绕过程中的成卷采用齐边定位装置和记长装置。
还包括包装步骤g，把定长卷绕好的卷装树脂预浸复合料取下，把尾端用透明胶纸粘贴以免退卷松散，然后排列装箱。
本发明方法克服了现有技术的缺陷，实现了发明目的，采用本发明方法制备的黄麻纤维（或黄麻布）树脂预浸复合料具有以下明显特点：
1、经初梳除杂步骤和静置步骤处理，让预加在黄麻纤维中的水分渗透均匀，同时让黄麻纤维间的果胶充分吸收水分，软化溶解，以便纤维易于分离，黄麻纤维处理不加任何油剂和化工添加剂，制作预浸料前不经过脱油、脱盐处理，也不影响与树脂的结合强度。
2、通过梳理和并合，让条状纤维均匀逐步分离和拉断到长度5-15厘米，并合工艺改善了麻条均匀度和进一步牵伸到一定克重，并把杂乱纤维梳顺理直呈顺直排列，使经本发明处理的预浸复合料黄麻纤维排列顺直、取向性强，条带状利于拼接不同宽度，在层叠时也可以根据预浸料纤维排列方向调整每一层的铺设方向，经热固化后可以满足板材或型材材料各个方向的力学性能。
3、本发明方法的另一个突出的技术贡献在于针梳步骤和铺网贴合步骤，针梳麻条90度转向输出和在线铺网贴合一体，以实现本发明的目的。
4、本发明处理的预浸复合料适合做超薄和超厚型树脂复合材料，适用范围更广。
附图说明
图1为本发明的工艺流程图；
图2为本发明针梳步骤的工艺示意图。
具体实施方式
下面对本发明作详细描述：
如图1、图2所示，本发明的条带状黄麻纤维树脂预浸复合材料加工方法包括如下步骤：
a.初梳除杂：黄麻熟麻均匀平铺通过延展设备梳理，延展设备采用HN延展机，在出麻罗拉与成卷器之间对运行中的麻条从正上方喷水，喷水量与麻的重量比为10％，黄麻纤维梳理成直径1.2-1.4米卷装，黄麻纺织加工一般需要加入软化油剂，本发明不能加入任何油剂和化工添加剂，以免影响后道工序黄麻纤维与树脂的粘结；
b.静置：将经上述步骤处理的麻卷紧密排列静置，上覆盖麻布防止水分散失，静置的目的一是让预加在黄麻纤维中的水分渗透均匀，二是让黄麻纤维间的果胶充分吸收水分，软化溶解，以便纤维易于分离，静置时间：夏季堆仓1-2天，如在冬季则堆仓2-3天；
c.梳理和并合：将经上述步骤处理的麻条先后经两道工序的纤维梳理和一道工序的并合，其主要作用是让条状纤维均匀逐步分离和拉断到长度5-15厘米，并合工艺主要作用是改善麻条均匀度和进一步牵伸到一定克重，并把杂乱纤维梳顺理直呈顺直排列，第一道梳理采用NO1或C111梳麻机，出条克重控制在105±5克/米；第二道梳理采用C121梳麻机，出条克重控制在50-60克/米；并合机采用C261或FC301并条机，出条克重控制在30±2克/米；
d.针梳：将上述并合后的麻条（4根）经喂入罗拉后进入梳箱进行梳理，喂入条架和梳箱部分均采用CZ304B针梳机的机构，麻纤维经梳箱梳理由牵伸罗拉输出后再经45度角的平面三角导板导转90度横向输出，出条速度10±1米/分钟，出条克重根据预浸料纤维含量可以调整，范围20-50克/米，每米重量不匀率小于5%，条宽18±0.5厘米；
e.铺网贴合：在针梳机梳箱麻条输出端横向设置一套条带状树脂预浸料与麻纤维网的贴合装置进行贴合，原料膜为条带状，条宽为20厘米，中心为纸管的卷装，三层构成，底层为蜡光纸、中层为环氧树脂胶，面层为塑料保护膜，原料膜经被动退卷机构退卷后，由前上、下导辊握持，面层塑料膜经正上方剥离辊与粘贴的树脂胶层（蜡光纸和树脂胶层）撕开剥离，上层撕开剥离后塑料膜与下层纸、胶贴合层隔距为15-20厘米，上下两层保持15-20厘米的隔距长度为40厘米再导入到后上、下贴合导辊，下层纸、胶贴合层与针梳机梳箱输出端三角导板横向导出的麻条贴合，即三角导板位于下层纸、胶贴合层正上方，隔距为1-2厘米，梳箱中心线与剥离形成的开口位置对中，上层塑料膜经引导辊导入到后上、下贴合导辊与下层纸、胶、麻复合层进行加压（实心金属辊重力加压）贴合，输出麻条线速度与贴合输出速度保持同步，前上、下导辊和后上、下贴合导辊因需要摩擦力牵引均采用绒质皮层金属辊；
f.卷绕：把上述工序输出的树脂预浸复合料通过角同步控制装置进行卷绕，采用角位移同步控制器主要是控制卷绕速度与铺网贴合速度同步，成卷采用齐边定位装置和记长装置；
g.包装：把定长卷绕好的卷装树脂预浸复合料取下，把尾端用透明胶纸粘贴以免退卷松散，然后排列装箱。
实施本发明的方法所使用的设备为现有技术的设备。
Claims (9)
1.一种条带状黄麻纤维树脂预浸复合材料加工方法，其特征在于包括如下步骤：
a.初梳除杂：将黄麻熟麻均匀平铺通过延展设备梳理，在出麻罗拉与成卷器之间对运行中的麻条从正上方喷水，喷水量与麻的重量比为10％，黄麻纤维梳理成直径1.2-1.4米卷装；
b.静置：将经上述步骤处理的麻卷紧密排列静置，上覆盖麻布防止水分散失，静置时间：夏季堆仓1-2天，如在冬季则堆仓2-3天；
c.梳理和并合：将经上述步骤处理的麻条先后经两道工序的纤维梳理和一道工序的并合，成4根麻条；
d.针梳：将上述并合后的4根麻条经喂入罗拉后进入梳箱进行梳理，喂入条架和梳箱部分均采用CZ304B针梳机的机构，麻纤维经梳箱梳理由牵伸罗拉输出后再经45度角的平面三角导板导转90度横向输出，出条速度10±1米/分钟，出条克重20-50克/米，每米重量不匀率小于5%，条宽18±0.5厘米；
e.铺网贴合：在针梳机梳箱麻条输出端横向设置一套条带状树脂预浸料与麻纤维网的贴合装置进行铺网贴合，即退卷、膜剥离、贴合、再成卷。
2.根据权利要求1所述方法，其特征在于：所述步骤a，延展设备采用HN延展机。
3.根据权利要求1所述方法，其特征在于：所述步骤c，第一道梳理采用NO1或C111梳麻机，出条克重控制在105±5克/米；第二道梳理采用C121梳麻机，出条克重控制在50-60克/米；并合机采用C261或FC301并条机，出条克重控制在30±2克/米。
4.根据权利要求1所述方法，其特征在于：所述步骤e，原料膜为条带状，条宽为20厘米，中心为纸管的卷装，三层构成，底层为蜡光纸、中层为环氧树脂胶，面层为塑料保护膜，原料膜经被动退卷机构退卷后，由前上、下导辊握持，面层塑料膜经正上方剥离辊与粘贴的树脂胶层即蜡光纸和树脂胶层撕开剥离，上层撕开剥离后塑料膜与下层纸、胶贴合层隔距为15-20厘米，上下两层保持15-20厘米的隔距长度为40厘米再导入到后上、下贴合导辊；下层纸、胶贴合层与针梳机梳箱输出端三角导板横向导出的麻条贴合，即三角导板位于下层纸、胶贴合层正上方，隔距为1-2厘米，梳箱中心线与剥离形成的开口位置对中；上层塑料膜经引导辊导入到后上、下贴合导辊与下层纸、胶、麻复合层进行加压贴合，输出麻条线速度与贴合输出速度保持同步。
5.根据权利要求4所述方法，其特征在于：所述加压贴合采用实心金属辊重力加压。
6.根据权利要求4所述方法，其特征在于：所述前上、下导辊和后上、下贴合导辊因需要摩擦力牵引均采用绒质皮层金属辊。
7.根据权利要求1所述方法，其特征在于：还包括卷绕步骤f，把上道工序输出的树脂预浸复合料通过角同步控制装置进行卷绕。
8.根据权利要求7所述方法，其特征在于：所述步骤f，卷绕过程中的成卷采用齐边定位装置和记长装置。
9.根据权利要求7所述方法，其特征在于：还包括包装步骤g，把定长卷绕好的卷装树脂预浸复合料取下，把尾端用透明胶纸粘贴以免退卷松散，然后排列装箱。
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