CN114939084A - Russule extract and preparation method and application thereof - Google Patents
Russule extract and preparation method and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN114939084A CN114939084A CN202210645592.7A CN202210645592A CN114939084A CN 114939084 A CN114939084 A CN 114939084A CN 202210645592 A CN202210645592 A CN 202210645592A CN 114939084 A CN114939084 A CN 114939084A
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- russula
- extract
- extraction
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- filtrate
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K8/00—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations
- A61K8/18—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition
- A61K8/96—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing materials, or derivatives thereof of undetermined constitution
- A61K8/97—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing materials, or derivatives thereof of undetermined constitution from algae, fungi, lichens or plants; from derivatives thereof
- A61K8/9728—Fungi, e.g. yeasts
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
- A23L31/00—Edible extracts or preparations of fungi; Preparation or treatment thereof
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
- A23L33/00—Modifying nutritive qualities of foods; Dietetic products; Preparation or treatment thereof
- A23L33/10—Modifying nutritive qualities of foods; Dietetic products; Preparation or treatment thereof using additives
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P37/00—Drugs for immunological or allergic disorders
- A61P37/08—Antiallergic agents
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61Q—SPECIFIC USE OF COSMETICS OR SIMILAR TOILETRY PREPARATIONS
- A61Q19/00—Preparations for care of the skin
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61Q—SPECIFIC USE OF COSMETICS OR SIMILAR TOILETRY PREPARATIONS
- A61Q19/00—Preparations for care of the skin
- A61Q19/005—Preparations for sensitive skin
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K2800/00—Properties of cosmetic compositions or active ingredients thereof or formulation aids used therein and process related aspects
- A61K2800/80—Process related aspects concerning the preparation of the cosmetic composition or the storage or application thereof
- A61K2800/805—Corresponding aspects not provided for by any of codes A61K2800/81 - A61K2800/95
Abstract
The invention discloses an russula extract and a preparation method and application thereof, wherein russula is extracted by water at the temperature of not higher than 80 ℃, and then liquid-solid separation is carried out to obtain separation liquid; carrying out ultrafiltration treatment on the separation liquid by using an ultrafiltration membrane with the cut-off value of less than 3000 daltons to obtain a filtrate; and concentrating and drying the filtrate to obtain the russula extract. The method improves the safety of the product, ensures the effectiveness of the product and solves the problem that macromolecules of the russula extract are not easy to absorb. The whole process is simple, environment-friendly, energy-saving, low in production cost and easy to realize industrial production. The obtained russula extract product is rich in polysaccharide, protein, vitamins and the like, has good color, retains the unique faint scent of russula, has good water solubility, and can be conveniently and safely used in the industries of various foods, health care products, cosmetics, nutritional foods and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a biological extraction technology, in particular to an russula extract and a preparation method and application thereof.
Background
The russula is a wild fungus in a reed clump before domestication, namely a jelly pholiota nameko. It was successfully acclimatized in the agricultural academy of Hunan province, the university of Hunan agriculture and the research efforts of the applicant. The nutrition, taste and yield of the russula are superior to those of other conventional cultivated varieties, and the russula is rich in nutritional ingredients such as protein, amino acid, polysaccharide and the like. The detection of the applicant shows that the protein content is 2.25g/100g, the polysaccharide content is 0.64g/100g, the total amount of amino acid is 1.45g/100g, and the amino acid is rich in vitamin B1, B2, nicotinic acid and trace elements such as iron, zinc, calcium, selenium and the like.
The technology for extracting the pleurotus eryngii and applying the pleurotus eryngii is not found for a while.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide an russula extract, a preparation method and application thereof, which retain various nutritional ingredients in the russula extract and are conveniently applied to the downstream field.
The applicant carries out a large amount of experimental researches to find that the defects of product effectiveness and water solubility cannot be overcome if the extract product is prepared by ethanol extraction, and the popularization and the use of the extract are influenced. If other organic solvents are used for extraction, the product is further refined by resin chromatography to obtain the product, has the defects of poor color and taste, peculiar smell emission, poor water solubility, easy caking and slag formation and the like, and is not easy to be accepted by consumers. Especially, organic solvent is used in the extraction and refining processes, so that solvent residue is easily caused, and the safety of the product is influenced; and some components, such as flavonoid components, can be separated and lost due to refining means such as column chromatography, and nutrient components and components with health care functions are not easy to keep; and the high enrichment of the functional components brings about potential safety hazards, and the safety of the extract with the high enrichment of the functional components needs to be further investigated. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a safe and effective product with good taste, good color, fresh smell and good water solubility.
In order to solve the technical problems, the technical scheme provided by the invention is as follows:
a preparation method of an russula extract comprises the following steps:
(1) extracting the russula from the reed rhizome with water at the temperature of not higher than 80 ℃, and then carrying out liquid-solid separation to obtain a separation solution;
(2) carrying out ultrafiltration treatment on the separation liquid by using an ultrafiltration membrane with the cut-off value of less than 3000 daltons, and removing proteins with the molecular weight of more than 3000 daltons to obtain a filtrate;
(3) and concentrating and drying the filtrate to obtain the russula extract.
As a further improvement, the extraction temperature is 45-55 ℃.
As a further improvement, the extraction time is 1.5-2.5 hours, and the extraction is carried out for more than two times.
As a further improvement, the amount of water added in the extraction is 5-12 times of the mass of the russula reesei.
As a further improvement, the cutoff value of the ultrafiltration membrane is 1000-3000 daltons.
The invention also provides an russula extract which is prepared by the preparation method. Wherein the polysaccharide content is 2-5% and the protein content is 10-15%.
The invention also provides application of the russula extract, and the russula extract is added into food, health care products or cosmetics.
The invention also provides a cosmetic added with the russula extract.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) the extraction process of the invention uses water as solvent, does not generate solvent residue, and greatly improves the safety of the product. Meanwhile, as water is adopted for extraction at low temperature, nutritional ingredients are effectively reserved, the activity of the effective ingredients is ensured, the yield of total solid substances and the extraction rate of the active ingredients (especially protein) are kept at a higher level, so that the extract keeps greater consistency with the traditional russula application method and application characteristics, and the product effectiveness is ensured.
(2) Because the molecular weight of common protein is between ten and several thousand daltons and millions daltons, the protein needs to be decomposed into amino acids by a digestive system for absorption, and the digestibility is extremely low. Generally, the digestive system can directly absorb the medicament with the molecular weight of less than 3000 daltons. By using the ultrafiltration membrane, impurity removal and decoloration treatment are effectively carried out on the russula extract, macromolecular proteins which cannot be utilized are removed, and components such as micromolecular proteins, polysaccharides and trace elements which are easy to absorb are reserved, so that the problem that macromolecules of the russula extract are difficult to absorb is solved. Meanwhile, the whole process is simple and smooth, environment-friendly, energy-saving, low in production cost and easy to realize industrial production.
(3) The russula extract product produced by the process method has the advantages of 2-5% of polysaccharide content, 10-15% of protein content and 1-5% of total saponin content, is rich in vitamin B1, B2, nicotinic acid and trace elements such as iron, zinc, calcium, selenium and the like, has good color, retains the unique faint scent of russula, has good water solubility, can be conveniently and safely used in industries such as various foods, health care products, cosmetics, nutritional foods and the like, and has wide market application prospect. It can be added into cosmetic for moisturizing and resisting allergy.
Detailed Description
In order to facilitate an understanding of the invention, the invention will be described more fully and in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, but the scope of the invention is not limited to the specific embodiments described below.
Unless otherwise defined, all terms of art used hereinafter have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art. The terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.
Unless otherwise specifically stated, various raw materials, reagents, instruments, equipment and the like used in the present invention are commercially available or can be prepared by existing methods.
Example (b):
the preparation method of the russula extract of the embodiment comprises the following steps:
(1) extraction: extracting 1000g of dried russula with 10 times of water (extraction solvent) at 50 ℃ for 2 times (each time for 2 hours), and filtering to obtain an extract;
(2) disc centrifugation: centrifuging and coarsely filtering the extracting solution through a disc to obtain a separation solution;
(3) and (3) ultrafiltration: performing ultrafiltration treatment on the above separated solution with ultrafiltration membrane with cut-off value of 3000 daltons (operation pressure: 3.0-6bar, membrane pressure: 2-2.5bar), and collecting the filtrate;
(4) concentration: vacuum concentrating the filtrate at 60 deg.C to obtain concentrated solution;
(5) and (3) drying: drying the concentrated solution, and pulverizing to obtain the Pleurotus nebrodensis extract (yellow powder).
The obtained russula extract has special faint scent of russula, good color and good water solubility. The russula extract contains 3.4% of polysaccharide (detected by CP 2020), 13.9% of protein (detected by GB 5009.5) and 3.38% of total saponin (detected by CP 2020).
In order to obtain the best extraction solvent and extraction temperature, the applicant carried out a series of comparative experiments. Only the differences from the above examples are shown in tables 1 and 2. Wherein, the yield is equal to the mass of the dry powder of the russula extract/the mass of the dry russula raw material, and the content of protein/polysaccharide is the mass percentage of the protein/polysaccharide in the dry powder of the russula extract.
TABLE 1
TABLE 2
Note: wherein the polysaccharide is detected according to CP2020, and the protein is detected according to GB 5009.5. The water solubility is detected according to the standard of the COA pharmacopoeia, and the dissolving means that 1g (ml) of solute can be dissolved in 10-less than 30ml of solvent; slightly soluble means that 1g (ml) of solute can be dissolved in 30 to less than 100ml of solvent.
It can be seen that ethanol and water extraction both produce the russula extract with good color and luster, and the unique faint scent of russula is good, but the ethanol has not ideal protein extraction rate and general water solubility, and drinking water as the extraction solvent has good water solubility, and the best yield and protein extraction rate are achieved at 50 ℃. And the polysaccharides are insoluble in ethanol. Water is the optimal extraction solvent; the extraction temperature is 50 deg.C as the optimum extraction temperature.
To obtain the best extraction times, the applicant carried out a series of comparative experiments, only the differences from the above examples are listed in table 3.
TABLE 3
It can be seen that 2 hours is the optimum extraction time.
The applicant also unexpectedly finds that the protein extraction rate can be improved by adding the cellulase and performing ultrasonic extraction during the extraction of the russula, other nutrient components cannot be reduced, the cell wall of the russula can be broken, and the extraction of the protein is facilitated. For example, on the basis of the above examples, cellulase in an amount of 1% by weight of the dried russula in step (1) is added and ultrasonically extracted, the smell, color and water solubility of the russula extract prepared by the method of the above examples (other process parameters are unchanged) are equivalent to those of the above examples, and the russula extract contains 15.3% of protein and is improved by about 10% (detected by GB 5009.5).
The foregoing is considered as illustrative of the preferred embodiments of the invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention in any way. Therefore, any simple modification, equivalent change and modification made to the above embodiments according to the technical spirit of the present invention should fall within the protection scope of the technical scheme of the present invention, unless the technical spirit of the present invention departs from the content of the technical scheme of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The preparation method of the russula extract is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) extracting the russula from the reed rhizome with water at the temperature of not higher than 80 ℃, and then carrying out liquid-solid separation to obtain a separation solution;
(2) carrying out ultrafiltration treatment on the separation liquid by using an ultrafiltration membrane with the cut-off value of less than 3000 daltons, and removing proteins with the molecular weight of more than 3000 daltons to obtain a filtrate;
(3) and concentrating and drying the filtrate to obtain the pleurotus citrinopileatus extract.
2. The preparation method of the russula extract according to claim 1, wherein the temperature of the extraction in the step (1) is 45-55 ℃.
3. The preparation method of the russula vinosa extract as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein the extraction time in the step (1) is 1.5-2.5 hours, and the extraction is performed twice or more.
4. The preparation method of the russula extract according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the amount of water added in the extraction in the step (1) is 5-12 times of the mass of russula.
5. The preparation method of the russula extract as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein the cut-off value of the ultrafiltration membrane in the step (2) is 1000-3000 dalton.
6. The method for preparing the russula extract according to claim 1 or 2, wherein cellulase accounting for 0.5-1.5% of the weight of the russula is added in the extraction process of the step (1) and the extraction is carried out by ultrasonic.
7. An russula extract, which is prepared by the preparation method according to any one of claims 1 to 6.
8. The russula extract according to claim 7, wherein the polysaccharide content is 2-5% and the protein content is 10-15%.
9. Use of the russula extract according to claim 7 or 8, characterized in that it is added to food, health products or cosmetics.
10. A cosmetic characterized by being added with the russula extract as claimed in claim 7 or 8.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202210645592.7A CN114939084A (en) | 2022-06-09 | 2022-06-09 | Russule extract and preparation method and application thereof |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202210645592.7A CN114939084A (en) | 2022-06-09 | 2022-06-09 | Russule extract and preparation method and application thereof |
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| CN114939084A true CN114939084A (en) | 2022-08-26 |
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| CN202210645592.7A Pending CN114939084A (en) | 2022-06-09 | 2022-06-09 | Russule extract and preparation method and application thereof |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN116874624A (en) * | 2023-07-03 | 2023-10-13 | 湖南农业大学长沙现代食品创新研究院 | Preparation method and application of gelatinous lepidocroca polysaccharide |
Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1651041A (en) * | 2004-12-09 | 2005-08-10 | 复旦大学 | Brazil mushroom soluble small molecular extract, its preparation technology and use |
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2022
- 2022-06-09 CN CN202210645592.7A patent/CN114939084A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1651041A (en) * | 2004-12-09 | 2005-08-10 | 复旦大学 | Brazil mushroom soluble small molecular extract, its preparation technology and use |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN116874624A (en) * | 2023-07-03 | 2023-10-13 | 湖南农业大学长沙现代食品创新研究院 | Preparation method and application of gelatinous lepidocroca polysaccharide |
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