CN110885384A - Method for efficiently separating active polysaccharide from fresh okra - Google Patents
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- C08B37/006—Heteroglycans, i.e. polysaccharides having more than one sugar residue in the main chain in either alternating or less regular sequence; Gellans; Succinoglycans; Arabinogalactans; Tragacanth or gum tragacanth or traganth from Astragalus; Gum Karaya from Sterculia urens; Gum Ghatti from Anogeissus latifolia; Derivatives thereof
- C08B37/0087—Glucomannans or galactomannans; Tara or tara gum, i.e. D-mannose and D-galactose units, e.g. from Cesalpinia spinosa; Tamarind gum, i.e. D-galactose, D-glucose and D-xylose units, e.g. from Tamarindus indica; Gum Arabic, i.e. L-arabinose, L-rhamnose, D-galactose and D-glucuronic acid units, e.g. from Acacia Senegal or Acacia Seyal; Derivatives thereof
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for efficiently separating active polysaccharide from fresh okra, and belongs to the technical field of separation of bioactive polysaccharide. Cleaning okra, slicing, adding distilled water, homogenizing, and filtering with gauze; adding ammonium sulfate and tert-butanol into okra filtrate, oscillating in 35 deg.C constant temperature water bath for 30min, and centrifuging; the organic phase on the upper layer is subjected to rotary evaporation to recover tert-butyl alcohol; precipitating the lower layer ammonium sulfate phase solution by using 30-50% of ammonium sulfate by mass fraction, centrifugally separating, dissolving the precipitate in water, dialyzing, and spray-drying to obtain an okra polysaccharide solid; and recovering ammonium sulfate from the ammonium sulfate solution after precipitation through evaporation and crystallization. The method is simple and easy to operate, has low cost, can obtain the high-purity active polysaccharide in a green and high-efficiency manner, brings great economic benefit for enterprises, and is suitable for large-scale popularization. In addition, the invention can also be widely applied to the high-efficiency and high-purity separation of active polysaccharides of other fresh fruits and vegetables such as garlic, onion, tomato, apple and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a method for efficiently separating active polysaccharide from fresh okra, in particular to a method for efficiently separating the active polysaccharide from the fresh okra by combining a three-phase system consisting of tert-butyl alcohol and inorganic ammonium sulfate with ammonium sulfate precipitation, belonging to the technical field of bioactive polysaccharide separation.
Background
Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench), also called cavel, coffee sunflower, luffa cylindrica and Vietnamese sesame, belong to annual herbaceous plants, are rich in various active substances such as proteins, fats, carbohydrates, abundant vitamin A and B groups, and trace elements such as calcium, phosphorus, iron, zinc and selenium, have high nutritional and health-care values, and have the effects of resisting fatigue, improving the immunity of the organism, reducing lung injury, resisting cancer and the like. The okra polysaccharide is a high-molecular acidic polysaccharide, mainly comprises rhamnose and galactose, and a small amount of arabinose, mannose and the like, has the effects of improving the immunoregulation capability, reducing blood sugar, reducing blood fat, resisting fatigue, resisting oxidation and the like, and can be developed into health-care products for resisting fatigue, protecting intestines and stomach and promoting cholesterol metabolism. In addition, the okra polysaccharide can also be used as a thickening agent, an emulsifying agent and a stabilizing agent to be applied to the industrial production of beverages.
At present, the method for obtaining polysaccharide from okra at home and abroad usually comprises the steps of drying and degreasing fresh okra, extracting by using a solvent method, an enzymatic method or a physical auxiliary method, and separating and purifying the polysaccharide through ethanol precipitation, deproteinization and column chromatography to obtain the high-purity polysaccharide. For example, the patent name "method for extracting okra polysaccharide" (application No. 201611251131.2) filed by Sunkkulai et al in 2016, 12, and 30; the patent name of Yuanying et al, applied in 2017, 1/9, is "a method for ultrasonic-assisted extraction of okra polysaccharide extract and pectin extract" (application No. 201710012930.2); zhang Wen Cheng et al filed in 2018, 8/13, entitled "separation and extraction method of alkaline okra polysaccharide and its application" (application number: 201810913650.3). However, the pretreatment process requires drying equipment, which not only has high investment cost and high energy consumption, but also has adverse effect on the activity of polysaccharide. In addition, the degreasing process often requires large amounts of organic reagents, which do not meet the "green" chemistry requirements. On the other hand, the separation and purification process of polysaccharide is complicated to operate, and the loss of active polysaccharide is caused by using a large amount of organic solvents such as ethanol, trichloromethane and the like, and the environment is polluted and the health of operators is influenced. Therefore, a method for separating okra polysaccharide in a green, efficient and rapid manner is particularly important.
In recent years, the Three-phase separation (TPP) method has been used for separation, concentration, and purification of proteins, enzymes, amino acids, vegetable oils, and the like as a newly developed method for separating bioactive substances. The method has the advantages of simple equipment, simple and rapid operation, reusable reagent, higher boiling point of tert-butyl alcohol than methanol, ethanol and hexane, and high safety. In the three-phase separation, t-butanol not only serves as an organic solvent to dissolve nonpolar substances, but also can be bound to proteins to promote the formation of three phases. Meanwhile, free protein is enriched in the intermediate phase in a solid form, and can replace the traditional Sevag method to be used for removing the free protein in polysaccharide, so that the use of organic solvents such as trichloromethane is avoided. For example, Yan Jingkun et al, in 2018, 4/16, entitled "a method for isolating extracellular polysaccharides from fungi using a three-phase system" (application No.: 201810335794.5), identified that the three-phase system can be used for selective isolation of active polysaccharides and proteins. However, the purity and homogeneity of the polysaccharide isolated by the three-phase system are poor. Ammonium sulfate precipitation has been widely used as a non-solvent precipitation for the fractionation of active polysaccharides. Compared with column chromatography and ultrafiltration, the technology has wide application range, can be conveniently amplified or reduced according to requirements, and has potential industrial application effect and feasibility. Therefore, high-purity active polysaccharides with different molecular weight fractions can be obtained by adding ammonium sulfate with different mass fractions to the ammonium sulfate phase solution after three-phase separation.
Through retrieval, no report that the active polysaccharide in fresh okra is efficiently separated by combining a three-phase system consisting of tert-butyl alcohol and inorganic ammonium sulfate with ammonium sulfate precipitation is found at present.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for efficiently separating active polysaccharides from fresh okra, and particularly relates to a method for efficiently separating the active polysaccharides from the fresh okra by combining a three-phase system consisting of tert-butyl alcohol and inorganic ammonium sulfate with ammonium sulfate precipitation so as to realize green, efficient and rapid separation of the active polysaccharides from the okra.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the following specific technical scheme: a method for efficiently separating active polysaccharide from fresh okra is carried out according to the following steps:
step one, homogenizing fresh okra: cleaning fresh okra sold in the market, slicing, adding distilled water for homogenizing, and filtering by using gauze to obtain filtrate and filter residue;
step two, three-phase system separation: adding ammonium sulfate into the okra filtrate obtained in the first step, stirring for dissolving, adjusting the pH value of the solution to 7.0, adding tert-butyl alcohol, oscillating in a constant-temperature water bath at 35 ℃ for 30min, carrying out centrifugal separation at 4500rpm for 10min, and respectively taking out an upper tert-butyl alcohol phase and a lower ammonium sulfate phase;
step three, separating okra polysaccharide by ammonium sulfate precipitation: precipitating the ammonium sulfate phase solution obtained in the step two by using ammonium sulfate, carrying out centrifugal separation, dissolving the precipitate in water, dialyzing for 48 hours, concentrating, and carrying out spray drying to obtain okra polysaccharide solids with different fractions;
step four, recovering tert-butyl alcohol and ammonium sulfate: carrying out rotary evaporation on the tertiary butanol phase at the upper layer obtained in the step two at the temperature of less than or equal to 30 ℃, and recovering the tertiary butanol; evaporating and crystallizing the ammonium sulfate solution after centrifugal separation in the third step, and recovering the ammonium sulfate.
In the first step, the mass ratio of the distilled water to the fresh okra is 3: 1.
The three-phase system in the step two consists of tert-butyl alcohol, ammonium sulfate and okra filtrate, and a middle phase is a protein layer after three phases are formed; the ammonium sulfate is food grade; the mass fraction of the ammonium sulfate is 20 percent; the volume ratio of the tert-butyl alcohol to the okra filtrate is 1.5: 1.0.
The mass fraction of the ammonium sulfate used for the ammonium sulfate precipitation in the third step is 30-50 percent; the dialysis adopts a dialysis bag method, and the molecular interception amount of the dialysis bag is 8000-14000 Da.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
the invention uses a three-phase system consisting of tert-butyl alcohol and inorganic ammonium sulfate to extract fresh okra polysaccharide, and then combines ammonium sulfate precipitation to obtain high-purity okra polysaccharide with different fractions, and the prepared okra polysaccharide has good in-vitro antioxidant and hypoglycemic activity. Compared with the prior art, the method has the advantages of simple and easy operation, low cost, green and high-purity active polysaccharide, great economic benefit for enterprises and suitability for large-scale popularization. In addition, the invention can also be widely applied to the high-efficiency and high-purity separation of active polysaccharides of other fresh fruits and vegetables such as garlic, onion, tomatoes, apples, dragon fruits, litchis, oranges and the like.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a graph showing the molecular weight distribution of the isolated okra polysaccharide of example 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a graph showing the molecular weight distribution of the isolated okra polysaccharide of example 2 of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a graph showing the molecular weight distribution of the isolated okra polysaccharide of example 3 of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention is described in further detail below by way of examples, which are intended to facilitate the understanding of the present invention without limiting it in any way.
Example 1
Step one, homogenizing fresh okra: cleaning 500g of fresh okra sold in the market, slicing, adding 1500g of distilled water for homogenizing, and filtering by using gauze to obtain filtrate and filter residue;
step two, three-phase system separation: adding 200g of ammonium sulfate into 1000mL of okra filtrate obtained in the first step, stirring for dissolving, adjusting the pH value of the solution to 7.0, adding 1500mL of tert-butyl alcohol, oscillating in a constant-temperature water bath at 35 ℃ for 30min, carrying out centrifugal separation at 4500rpm for 10min, and respectively taking out an upper tert-butyl alcohol phase and a lower ammonium sulfate phase;
step three, separating okra polysaccharide by ammonium sulfate precipitation: and (3) adding 100g of ammonium sulfate into 1000mL of the ammonium sulfate phase solution obtained in the step (II) to ensure that the mass fraction of the ammonium sulfate in the solution is 30%, centrifugally separating, dissolving the precipitate in water, dialyzing for 48 hours, concentrating, and spray-drying to obtain the okra polysaccharide solid. The total sugar content of okra polysaccharide was found to be 87.9%, the molecular weight distribution showed a single peak, as shown in FIG. 1, the weight average molecular weight was 5.1X 106Da, IC for scavenging DPPH free radicals50The value is 0.14mg/mL, and the equivalent antioxidant capacity is 53.7 muThe capacity of reducing ferrous ions of a sample with mol Trolox/g is 115.7 mu mol FeSO4Per g sample, α -IC of Amylase inhibitory Activity50The value was 0.32 mg/mL.
Step four, recovering tert-butyl alcohol and ammonium sulfate: carrying out rotary evaporation on the tertiary butanol phase at the upper layer obtained in the step two at the temperature of less than or equal to 30 ℃, and recovering the tertiary butanol; evaporating and crystallizing the ammonium sulfate solution after centrifugal separation in the third step, and recovering the ammonium sulfate.
Example 2
The experimental treatment was the same as in example 1 except that 300g of ammonium sulfate was added in the third step so that the mass fraction of ammonium sulfate in the solution was 50%. The total sugar content of okra polysaccharide was determined to be 93.5%, the molecular weight distribution showed a single peak, as shown in FIG. 2, the weight average molecular weight was 3.6X 106Da, IC for scavenging DPPH free radicals50The value is 0.045mg/mL, the equivalent antioxidant capacity is 71.3 mu mol Trolox/g sample, and the ferrous ion reducing capacity is 169.3 mu mol FeSO4Per g sample, α -IC of Amylase inhibitory Activity50The value was 0.10 mg/mL.
Example 3
The experimental treatment was the same as in example 1 except that 200g of ammonium sulfate was added in the third step so that the mass fraction of ammonium sulfate in the solution was 40%. The total sugar content of okra polysaccharide was determined to be 90.1%, the molecular weight distribution showed a single peak, as shown in FIG. 3, the weight average molecular weight was 4.3X 106Da, IC for scavenging DPPH free radicals50The value is 0.11mg/mL, the equivalent oxidation resistance is 68.2 mu mol Trolox/g of sample, and the ferrous ion reducing capacity is 161.8 mu mol FeSO4Per g sample, α -IC of Amylase inhibitory Activity50The value was 0.15 mg/mL.
The embodiments described above are intended to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention in detail, and it should be understood that the above-mentioned embodiments are only specific embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the present invention, and any modifications and improvements made within the scope of the principles of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (4)
1. A method for efficiently separating active polysaccharide from fresh okra is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step one, homogenizing fresh okra: cleaning fresh okra sold in the market, slicing, adding distilled water for homogenizing, and filtering by using gauze to obtain filtrate and filter residue;
step two, three-phase system separation: adding ammonium sulfate into the okra filtrate obtained in the first step, stirring for dissolving, adjusting the pH value of the solution to 7.0, adding tert-butyl alcohol, oscillating in a constant-temperature water bath at 35 ℃ for 30min, carrying out centrifugal separation at 4500rpm for 10min, and respectively taking out an upper tert-butyl alcohol phase and a lower ammonium sulfate phase;
step three, separating okra polysaccharide by ammonium sulfate precipitation: precipitating the ammonium sulfate phase solution obtained in the step two by using ammonium sulfate, carrying out centrifugal separation, dissolving the precipitate in water, dialyzing for 48 hours, concentrating, and carrying out spray drying to obtain okra polysaccharide solids with different fractions;
step four, recovering tert-butyl alcohol and ammonium sulfate: carrying out rotary evaporation on the tertiary butanol phase at the upper layer obtained in the step two at the temperature of less than or equal to 30 ℃, and recovering the tertiary butanol; evaporating and crystallizing the ammonium sulfate solution after centrifugal separation in the third step, and recovering the ammonium sulfate.
2. The method for efficiently separating active polysaccharides from fresh okra according to claim 1, wherein the mass ratio of the distilled water to the fresh okra in the first step is 3: 1.
3. The method for efficiently separating active polysaccharides from fresh okra according to claim 1, wherein the three-phase system in the second step is composed of tert-butyl alcohol, ammonium sulfate and okra filtrate, and the middle phase is a protein layer after the three phases are formed; the ammonium sulfate is food grade; the mass fraction of the ammonium sulfate is 20 percent; the volume ratio of the tert-butyl alcohol to the okra filtrate is 1.5: 1.0.
4. The method for efficiently separating active polysaccharide from fresh okra according to claim 1, wherein the mass fraction of ammonium sulfate used for ammonium sulfate precipitation in the third step is 30-50%; the dialysis adopts a dialysis bag method, and the molecular interception amount of the dialysis bag is 8000-14000 Da.
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| CN111499771A (en) * | 2020-04-20 | 2020-08-07 | 东北农业大学 | Method for simultaneously extracting grease, protein and polysaccharide in rice bran by three-phase extraction technology |
| CN114057905A (en) * | 2021-11-11 | 2022-02-18 | 江南大学 | Steamed polygonatum polysaccharide and application thereof in regulating intestinal microorganisms |
| CN116284465A (en) * | 2022-08-05 | 2023-06-23 | 西北农林科技大学 | Preparation method of eucommia ulmoides polysaccharide and application of eucommia ulmoides polysaccharide prepared by preparation method in anti-depression |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN111499771A (en) * | 2020-04-20 | 2020-08-07 | 东北农业大学 | Method for simultaneously extracting grease, protein and polysaccharide in rice bran by three-phase extraction technology |
| CN114057905A (en) * | 2021-11-11 | 2022-02-18 | 江南大学 | Steamed polygonatum polysaccharide and application thereof in regulating intestinal microorganisms |
| CN116284465A (en) * | 2022-08-05 | 2023-06-23 | 西北农林科技大学 | Preparation method of eucommia ulmoides polysaccharide and application of eucommia ulmoides polysaccharide prepared by preparation method in anti-depression |
| CN116284465B (en) * | 2022-08-05 | 2024-09-13 | 西北农林科技大学 | Preparation method of eucommia ulmoides polysaccharide and application of eucommia ulmoides polysaccharide prepared by preparation method in anti-depression |
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