CN112753912A - Lemon full-recycling treatment method - Google Patents
Lemon full-recycling treatment method Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN112753912A CN112753912A CN202011600368.3A CN202011600368A CN112753912A CN 112753912 A CN112753912 A CN 112753912A CN 202011600368 A CN202011600368 A CN 202011600368A CN 112753912 A CN112753912 A CN 112753912A
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- China
- Prior art keywords
- lemon
- mixture
- oil
- juice
- concentrated
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D493/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms in the condensed system
- C07D493/22—Heterocyclic compounds containing oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms in the condensed system in which the condensed system contains four or more hetero rings
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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- Separation Using Semi-Permeable Membranes (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a full-recycling treatment method for lemons, and belongs to the technical field of food processing. The method comprises the following steps: step (1): cleaning lemons, grinding the peels to obtain oil, and obtaining an oil-water mixture and lemon residues; separating oil and water of the oil-water mixture to obtain lemon essential oil; step (2): slicing and squeezing the lemon residues to obtain lemon peel residues and lemon cloudy juice; and (3): pre-concentrating the cloudy lemon juice, and extracting the lemon to obtain lemon essence and a concentrated remainder; and performing membrane separation on the lemon peel residues to obtain a first mixture and a first cut-off liquid. According to the invention, the raw lemon is subjected to the Paodingjie type separation process, all components in the lemon are separated and purified step by step from large to small according to the category content sequence, and the lemon slag which is traditionally used as a feed additive and rotten fruits which are used as waste are subjected to biotransformation with wastewater in the production process to produce biogas and efficient organic fertilizer, so that the environment is protected, the energy is saved, the additional value of the lemon processing product series can be greatly improved, the resource utilization rate is improved, and no three-waste pollution is caused, thereby achieving the green ecological processing target with zero emission.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of food processing, in particular to a full-resource processing method of lemons.
Background
Lemon (citrus limon) is the third largest citrus variety following mandarin and orange. Lemon is native to southeast asia and has a major origin in 4 countries, italy, spain, greece and the united states, respectively. In China, the main planting area of the lemons is south of the Yangtze river. The characteristics of warmth preference and cold intolerance of the lemons determine that the lemons are mainly cultivated in subtropical regions. Taiwan, Sichuan, Fujian, Guangdong provinces and other provinces in China are main cultivation areas of lemons, and the Anyue county in Sichuan province is the largest in planting quantity. Lemon is rich in nutritive value and has the reputation of citric acid warehouse. Lemon has many effects of cooling, moistening lung, relieving alcoholism, and caring skin, etc., and is known as the best health fruit. The content of soluble solid in the lemon is about 8.5 percent, wherein the oil content of the peel is about 0.7 to 0.8 percent, the oil yield of the cold grinding is 0.4 to 0.5 percent, and the juice yield of the fruit is about 38 percent.
Lemon can be eaten as instant fresh fruit or made into lemon slices, lemon juice and other products, but the lemon can be used as a medicine, for example, lemon decoction is considered as a good antimalarial medicine and can replace quinine to treat malaria or typhoid fever, lemon seed root decoction is used for treating fever in Guba, bark and pericarp can relieve angina in Xifei, meanwhile, the lemon can be used for treating scurvy as an ascorbic acid agent, and can promote sweating and urination of a patient as a diuretic agent, can be used for treating rheumatism, and can be used for anti-aging foods and skin care products or as a platelet aggregation inhibitor and other medicines, and the lemon can also be used for extracting beneficial substances to enrich our lives.
However, in the conventional process for producing and processing lemons, the lemons cannot be used all at once, so that many resources cannot be fully utilized, and waste is caused.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems in the prior art, the invention provides a full-resource processing method for lemons. The method comprises the following steps:
step (1): cleaning lemons, grinding the peels to obtain oil, and obtaining an oil-water mixture and lemon residues; separating oil and water of the oil-water mixture to obtain lemon essential oil;
step (2): slicing and squeezing the lemon residues to obtain lemon peel residues and lemon cloudy juice;
and (3): pre-concentrating the cloudy lemon juice, and extracting fragrance to obtain lemon essence and a concentrated remainder; separating the lemon peel residue by a membrane to obtain a first mixture and a first cut-off liquid;
and (4): membrane filtering the concentrated residue to obtain a second cut-off solution and a permeate; adsorbing the permeate liquid resin to obtain a lemon clear juice and a second mixture;
and (5): firstly, eluting the second mixture with hot water, cooling the hot water eluent, concentrating a membrane, and drying to obtain limonin; then eluting the second mixture salt solution eluted by hot water, desalting a salt solution eluting liquid film, concentrating the film, and drying to obtain the lemon polyphenol;
and (6): drying the first cut-off liquid to obtain lemon pectin;
and (7): carrying out anaerobic fermentation on the first mixture to obtain aged bacterial sludge and biogas, and purifying the biogas to obtain biogas;
and (8): drying the aged bacterial sludge by hot air to obtain the special organic fertilizer;
and (9): and mixing the second cut-off liquid and the lemon clear juice, homogenizing, and evaporating and concentrating to obtain the lemon concentrated juice.
Further, in the step (1), the washed lemons are subjected to cold grinding at room temperature by using a cold grinding oil extraction machine, the rotating speed of a grinding roller is 100-150 r/min, the cold grinding time is 120-150 seconds, and the lemons are washed by warm water at the temperature of 25-35 ℃ after cold grinding to prepare a lemon oil extraction solution; and separating the lemon oil extract liquid by using a disc separator, wherein the rotating speed is 8000rpm, the temperature is 85-95 ℃, and the lemon oil extract liquid is centrifuged for 10 minutes to obtain the lemon essential oil.
Further, in the step (3), the lemon cloudy juice is subjected to reduced pressure distillation and pre-concentration at 50-60 ℃, aroma enters an aroma recovery device, and the aroma collected by the aroma recovery device is concentrated at 1-1.5MPa and the temperature of 30-40 ℃ by reverse osmosis membrane concentration equipment to obtain the lemon essence.
Further, in the step (3), the lemon peel residues are subjected to membrane separation by using an ultrafiltration membrane with the pore diameter of 0.01um at the temperature of 40 ℃ under the pressure of 0.1-0.5Mpa, so as to obtain the first mixture and the first cut-off liquid.
Further, in the step (4), the permeate is subjected to resin adsorption by Y700 resin to obtain the lemon juice and the second mixture.
Further, in the step (5), the second mixture is eluted by hot water at the temperature of 85-95 ℃, the hot water eluate is cooled at room temperature, concentrated by a reverse osmosis membrane at the concentration pressure of 1.5-3Mpa and the temperature of below 40 ℃, and then dried by powder spraying drying equipment to obtain the limonin. And further, in the step (5), the second mixture after being eluted by hot water is eluted by NaCl with the concentration of 0.1-0.5%, a saline solution eluent film is desalted at the desalting pressure of 1-1.5Mpa and the temperature of below 40 ℃, then a reverse osmosis membrane is used for concentration, the concentration pressure is 1.5-3Mpa and the temperature of below 40 ℃, and finally, the lemon polyphenol is obtained by drying through a powder spraying drying device.
Further, in the step (6), the first cut-off solution is dried at the temperature of 60-65 ℃ to obtain the lemon pectin.
Further, carrying out anaerobic fermentation on the first mixture in an anaerobic fermentation device for 5-15 days at the temperature of 50-60 ℃ to obtain the aged bacterial sludge and methane.
Further, mixing and homogenizing the second cut-off liquid and the lemon clear juice, and then evaporating and concentrating at the temperature of 50-70 ℃ to obtain the lemon concentrated juice.
The technical scheme provided by the embodiment of the invention has the following beneficial effects: according to the invention, the raw lemon is subjected to the Paodingjie-cattle type separation process, all components in the lemon are separated and purified step by step from large to small according to the category content sequence, edible products including concentrated lemon juice, lemon essence, lemon essential oil, lemon pectin, lemon polyphenol, limonin and the like are produced, meanwhile, the lemon residues which are traditionally used as feed additives and rotted fruits which are used as wastes are subjected to biological conversion together with wastewater in the production process, and the biogas and the efficient organic fertilizer are produced, so that the environment is protected, the energy is saved, the additional value of a lemon processing product series can be greatly improved, the resource utilization rate is improved, and no three-waste pollution is caused, and the green ecological processing target with zero emission is achieved. In addition, in the treatment method, only water is used as a medium, and no organic solvent is added, so that the environment is not damaged during production, and the health of workers is facilitated.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings needed to be used in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art to obtain other drawings based on these drawings without creative efforts.
Fig. 1 is a flowchart of a method for processing full resources of lemons according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a flow chart of another method for processing the full resources of lemons according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. The terminology used in the description of the invention herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the invention.
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Example one
A method for processing lemon resources comprises the following steps with reference to figure 1:
step (1): cleaning lemons, grinding the peels to obtain oil, and obtaining an oil-water mixture and lemon residues; and (4) carrying out oil-water separation on the oil-water mixture to obtain the lemon essential oil.
It is noted that the lemon essential oil is mainly derived from lemon peel and lemon seeds. The lemon peel comprises 2 layers, and the outer layer peel contains essential oil 6%, mainly lemon essential oil (90%) and citral (5%), and small amount of citronellac acid, alpha-terpineol, etc.; the inner pericarp does not contain essential oil, but contains multiple flavone glycoside and coumarin derivative. The lemon essential oil can be used as a flavoring agent in a large amount in the production of baked products, desserts, ice cream and soft drinks, and also can be used as perfume, bacteriostatic agent and the like.
Step (2): slicing and squeezing the lemon residues to obtain lemon peel residues and lemon cloudy juice.
And (3): pre-concentrating the cloudy lemon juice, and extracting the lemon to obtain lemon essence and a concentrated remainder; and performing membrane separation on the lemon peel residues to obtain a first mixture and a first cut-off liquid.
The lemon essence has fresh and sweet fragrance, is characterized by having cool and refreshing smell besides being similar to other oranges, and contains more pinene, gamma-terpinene and alpha-terpineol in fragrance components. The lemon essence can be used as fruit-flavored food additive.
And (4): membrane filtering the concentrated residue to obtain a second cut-off solution and a permeate; adsorbing the permeate liquid resin to obtain the lemon juice and a second mixture.
And (5): firstly, eluting the second mixture with hot water, cooling the hot water eluent, concentrating a membrane, and drying to obtain limonin; and then eluting the second mixture salt solution eluted by hot water, desalting a salt solution eluting liquid film, concentrating the film, and drying to obtain the lemon polyphenol.
It should be noted that limonin is a very precious natural compound. It has strong antioxidation, anti-tumor, anti-AIDS, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects. Lemon polyphenol is a derivative of aromatic groups, is considered as a good antioxidant and has good curative effect on a plurality of diseases. Therefore, the intake of lemon polyphenol has become one of the health-preserving methods for modern people.
And (6): and drying the first cut-off liquid to obtain the lemon pectin.
The pectin has the functions of reducing blood sugar level and blood fat, promoting vitamin metabolism, avoiding lead poisoning, preventing and treating atherosclerosis, is widely applied to food, daily chemical and medical industries, can be used as a separation risk coagulant and a thickening agent for making foods such as jam, jelly, soft sweets and the like, and can also be used as a cold drink food additive and a stabilizer.
And (7): and performing anaerobic fermentation on the first mixture to obtain aged bacterial sludge and biogas, and purifying the biogas to obtain the biogas.
It should be noted that the lemon slag and rotten fruits as wastes produced in the above steps can be fermented in the anaerobic fermentation process, and the waste water in the production process is fermented, so that the method is environment-friendly and energy-saving, can greatly improve the additional value of the processed lemon product series, improves the utilization rate of lemon resources, and achieves the green ecological processing goal of no three-waste pollution and zero discharge.
And (8): and (4) drying the aged bacterial sludge by hot air to obtain the special organic fertilizer.
And (9): and mixing the second cut-off solution and the lemon clear juice, homogenizing, and evaporating and concentrating to obtain the lemon concentrated juice.
Example two
A method for processing lemon resources, which is described in detail in the first embodiment.
A step (101): cleaning lemons, performing cold grinding on the surfaces of the lemons at room temperature by using a cold grinding oil extraction machine, wherein the rotating speed of a grinding roller is 100 r/min, the cold grinding time is 120 seconds, and cleaning the lemons with warm water at 25 ℃ after cold grinding to obtain a lemon oil extraction solution and lemon residues; and separating the lemon oil extract by using a disc separator at the rotation speed of 8000rpm and the temperature of 85 ℃ for 10 minutes to obtain the lemon essential oil.
A step (102): slicing and squeezing the lemon residues to obtain lemon peel residues and lemon cloudy juice.
Step (103): pre-concentrating the cloudy lemon juice at 50 deg.C by vacuum distillation, introducing the aroma into an aroma recovery unit, concentrating the aroma collected by the aroma recovery unit at 30 deg.C under 1MPa by reverse osmosis membrane concentration equipment to obtain lemon essence, and collecting the rest concentrated residues; separating the lemon peel residue with ultrafiltration membrane with pore diameter of 0.01 μm at 40 deg.C under 0.1Mpa to obtain a first mixture and a first cut-off liquid.
A step (104): membrane filtering the concentrated residue to obtain a second cut-off solution and a permeate; and (3) carrying out resin adsorption on the permeate through Y700 resin to obtain the lemon clear juice and a second mixture.
A step (105): eluting the second mixture with 85 deg.C hot water, cooling the hot water eluate at room temperature, concentrating with reverse osmosis membrane under 1.5Mpa at temperature below 40 deg.C, and drying with powder spray drying equipment to obtain limonin; eluting the second mixture with 0.1% NaCl, desalting the eluate film of the salt solution at a pressure of 1Mpa and a temperature below 40 deg.C, concentrating with reverse osmosis membrane at a pressure of 1.5Mpa and a temperature below 40 deg.C, and drying with powder spray drying equipment to obtain lemon polyphenol.
Step (106): drying the first cut-off solution at 60 ℃ to obtain the lemon pectin.
Step (107): carrying out anaerobic fermentation on the first mixture in an anaerobic fermentation device for 5 days at the temperature of 50 ℃ to obtain aged bacterial sludge and methane; and purifying the biogas to obtain the biogas.
Step (108): and (4) drying the aged bacterial sludge by hot air to obtain the special organic fertilizer. Drying can be carried out by hot air dryer at 50 deg.C.
Step (109): mixing the second cut-off solution and the lemon juice, homogenizing, and evaporating and concentrating at 50 deg.C to obtain concentrated lemon juice.
EXAMPLE III
A method for processing lemon resources, which is described in detail in the first embodiment.
Step (201): cleaning lemons, performing cold grinding on the surfaces of the lemons at room temperature by using a cold grinding oil extraction machine, wherein the rotating speed of a grinding roller is 150 r/min, the cold grinding time is 150 seconds, and cleaning the lemons with warm water at 35 ℃ after cold grinding to obtain a lemon oil extraction solution and lemon residues; separating the lemon oil extract by using a disc separator at 8000rpm and 95 ℃ for 10 minutes to obtain the lemon essential oil.
Step (202): slicing and squeezing the lemon residues to obtain lemon peel residues and lemon cloudy juice.
Step (203): pre-concentrating the cloudy lemon juice at 60 deg.C by vacuum distillation, introducing the aroma into an aroma recovery unit, concentrating the aroma collected by the aroma recovery unit at 40 deg.C under 1.5MPa by reverse osmosis membrane concentration equipment to obtain lemon essence, and collecting the rest concentrated residue; separating the lemon peel residue with ultrafiltration membrane with pore diameter of 0.01 μm at 40 deg.C under 0.5Mpa to obtain a first mixture and a first cut-off liquid.
A step (204): membrane filtering the concentrated residue to obtain a second cut-off solution and a permeate; and (3) carrying out resin adsorption on the permeate through Y700 resin to obtain the lemon clear juice and a second mixture.
Step (205): eluting the second mixture with 95 deg.C hot water, cooling the hot water eluate at room temperature, concentrating with reverse osmosis membrane under 3Mpa at temperature below 40 deg.C, and drying with powder spray drying equipment to obtain limonin; eluting the second mixture with 0.5% NaCl, desalting the eluate film of the salt solution at a pressure of 1.5Mpa and a temperature below 40 deg.C, concentrating with reverse osmosis membrane at a pressure of 3Mpa and a temperature below 40 deg.C, and drying with powder spray drying equipment to obtain lemon polyphenol.
Step (206): drying the first cut-off solution at 65 ℃ to obtain the lemon pectin.
Step (207): carrying out anaerobic fermentation on the first mixture in an anaerobic fermentation device for 15 days at the temperature of 60 ℃ to obtain aged bacterial sludge and methane; and purifying the biogas to obtain the biogas.
A step (208): and (4) drying the aged bacterial sludge by hot air to obtain the special organic fertilizer. Drying can be carried out by hot air dryer at 50 deg.C.
Step (209): mixing the second cut-off solution and the lemon juice, homogenizing, and evaporating and concentrating at 70 deg.C to obtain concentrated lemon juice.
It is worth explaining that the process for separating lemon raw materials in a pilon-calf manner separates and purifies all components in the lemon step by step from large to small according to the content sequence of categories, produces edible products such as concentrated lemon juice, lemon essence, lemon essential oil, lemon pectin, lemon polyphenol and limonin, and simultaneously carries out biotransformation on lemon slag and rotten fruits which are traditionally used as feed additives and waste water in the production process to produce biogas and efficient organic fertilizer, thereby not only protecting environment and saving energy, but also greatly improving the added value of lemon processing product series, improving the resource utilization rate and having no three-waste pollution, thereby achieving the green ecological processing goal of zero emission. In addition, in the treatment method, only water is used as a medium, and no organic solvent is added, so that the environment is not damaged during production, and the health of workers is facilitated.
The above-mentioned serial numbers of the embodiments of the present invention are merely for description and do not represent the merits of the embodiments.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like that fall within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included therein.
Claims (10)
1. A full resource processing method of lemons is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step (1): cleaning lemons, grinding the peels to obtain oil, and obtaining an oil-water mixture and lemon residues; separating oil and water of the oil-water mixture to obtain lemon essential oil;
step (2): slicing and squeezing the lemon residues to obtain lemon peel residues and lemon cloudy juice;
and (3): pre-concentrating the cloudy lemon juice, and extracting fragrance to obtain lemon essence and a concentrated remainder; separating the lemon peel residue by a membrane to obtain a first mixture and a first cut-off liquid;
and (4): membrane filtering the concentrated residue to obtain a second cut-off solution and a permeate; adsorbing the permeate liquid resin to obtain a lemon clear juice and a second mixture;
and (5): firstly, eluting the second mixture with hot water, cooling the hot water eluent, concentrating a membrane, and drying to obtain limonin; then eluting the second mixture salt solution eluted by hot water, desalting a salt solution eluting liquid film, concentrating the film, and drying to obtain the lemon polyphenol;
and (6): drying the first cut-off liquid to obtain lemon pectin;
and (7): carrying out anaerobic fermentation on the first mixture to obtain aged bacterial sludge and biogas, and purifying the biogas to obtain biogas;
and (8): drying the aged bacterial sludge by hot air to obtain the special organic fertilizer;
and (9): and mixing the second cut-off liquid and the lemon clear juice, homogenizing, and evaporating and concentrating to obtain the lemon concentrated juice.
2. The method for recycling lemon according to claim 1, wherein in the step (1), the washed lemon is subjected to cold grinding on the surface of the lemon at room temperature by using a cold grinding oil extraction machine, the rotating speed of a grinding roller is 100-150 r/min, the cold grinding time is 120-150 seconds, and the lemon is washed with warm water at 25-35 ℃ after cold grinding to obtain a lemon oil extraction solution; and separating the lemon oil extract liquid by using a disc separator, wherein the rotating speed is 8000rpm, the temperature is 85-95 ℃, and the lemon oil extract liquid is centrifuged for 10 minutes to obtain the lemon essential oil.
3. The method for fully recycling lemon according to claim 2, wherein in the step (3), the cloudy lemon juice is pre-concentrated by reduced pressure distillation at 50-60 ℃, the aroma enters an aroma recovery device, and the aroma collected by the aroma recovery device is concentrated by a reverse osmosis membrane concentration device at 1-1.5MPa and 30-40 ℃ to obtain the lemon essence.
4. The method according to claim 3, wherein in the step (3), the lemon peel residue is subjected to membrane separation by using an ultrafiltration membrane with a pore size of 0.01 μm at a pressure of 0.1-0.5MPa and a temperature of 40 ℃ to obtain the first mixture and the first cut-off liquid.
5. The method as claimed in claim 4, wherein in the step (4), the permeate is subjected to resin adsorption by Y700 resin to obtain the lemon juice and the second mixture.
6. The method for recycling lemon according to claim 5, wherein in the step (5), the second mixture is eluted by hot water at 85-95 ℃, the hot water eluate is cooled at room temperature, concentrated by a reverse osmosis membrane at a concentration pressure of 1.5-3Mpa and a temperature below 40 ℃, and then dried by powder spraying drying equipment to obtain the limonin.
7. The method as claimed in claim 6, wherein in the step (5), the second mixture after being eluted by hot water is eluted by NaCl with a concentration of 0.1-0.5%, the solution membrane of the salt solution eluate is desalted at a desalting pressure of 1-1.5MPa and a temperature below 40 ℃, and then concentrated by a reverse osmosis membrane at a concentration pressure of 1.5-3MPa and a temperature below 40 ℃, and finally dried by a powder spraying drying device to obtain the lemon polyphenol.
8. The method for recycling lemon according to claim 7, wherein the first cut-off liquid is dried at 60-65 ℃ in the step (6) to obtain the lemon pectin.
9. The method for recycling lemon according to claim 8, wherein the first mixture is anaerobically fermented in an anaerobic fermentation device for 5-15 days at 50-60 ℃ to obtain the aged bacterial sludge and biogas.
10. The method for recycling lemon according to claim 9, wherein the second cut-off liquid and the lemon juice are mixed, homogenized, and evaporated and concentrated at 50-70 ℃ to obtain the lemon concentrated juice.
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| CN202011600368.3A CN112753912A (en) | 2020-12-30 | 2020-12-30 | Lemon full-recycling treatment method |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN113575749A (en) * | 2021-08-05 | 2021-11-02 | 宜宾学院 | Lemon flavor ice cream |
| CN114376069A (en) * | 2022-02-09 | 2022-04-22 | 四川绿初原牧业集团有限公司 | Animal feed based on lemon residues as raw materials and preparation method thereof |
-
2020
- 2020-12-30 CN CN202011600368.3A patent/CN112753912A/en not_active Withdrawn
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN113575749A (en) * | 2021-08-05 | 2021-11-02 | 宜宾学院 | Lemon flavor ice cream |
| CN114376069A (en) * | 2022-02-09 | 2022-04-22 | 四川绿初原牧业集团有限公司 | Animal feed based on lemon residues as raw materials and preparation method thereof |
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