CN114931216A - 一种防治脂肪肝药膳产品及其加工方法 - Google Patents
一种防治脂肪肝药膳产品及其加工方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
一种防治脂肪肝药膳产品及其加工方法,是以佛手、决明子、山楂、荷叶、枸杞子、蜂蜜、芹菜、香菇、胡萝卜为原料,通过工业化加工,在不破坏原植物特性的加工工艺下制成常温药膳,延长保质期,方便储存与运输。该药膳提供给脂肪肝患者作为日常菜肴食用,可达到良好的防治脂肪肝、肝癌的效果。采用该药膳食疗自然实用,无毒副作用,比药物治疗优势更显著,可以起到标本兼治的作用。本发明加工过程包含:原材料选取、原材料提取保健液、烹制、真空包装软罐头、三阶温和式梯度杀菌、冷却等步骤。本发明的药膳产品,其各种成分配比严格按照人体健康要求设定,并且口感清淡,符合大众健康饮食标准。该药膳产品在标准化程度高,加工效率高的基础上保证了产品的优良口感与疾病防治功能,拥有巨大市场空间。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种防治脂肪肝药膳产品及其加工方法。
背景技术
根据2015年中国脂肪肝防治指南显示,中国成人脂肪肝的患病率已经达到12.5%-35.4%,其中50-60岁人群脂肪肝发病率高达40%,随着发病率逐渐提升,脂肪肝已超越病毒型肝炎成为中国居民第一大肝病,严重威胁国人健康。庆阳市一份33258例健康体检报告显示,肝胆脾肾彩超检查21916例,脂肪肝阳性7619例,阳性发生率34.8%,其中39岁以下组为29.7%,40一49岁组为36.4%,50一59岁组为39.3%,60岁以上组为36.6%。脂肪肝是由各种原因引起的肝细胞内脂肪聚集过多的肝脏病理改变。在肝脏内的脂肪含量超过5%,或者在组织学上肝细胞50%以上有脂肪变性时,称为脂肪肝。脂肪肝造成的健康隐患极大。根据统计数据,患有脂肪肝的人比普通人死于心脏病、癌症或其他慢性病的风险高很多,如果被诊断为脂肪肝且在5-10年内没有做好控制,会陆续出现高血压、高血脂、高血糖、糖尿病等慢性病。一份瑞典的脂肪肝研究报告显示,脂肪肝患者的死亡风险比正常人增加了近一倍左右,且死亡风险跟脂肪肝的发展情况呈正相关。相比正常人,脂肪肝患者心脏病发病率高1.35倍,非肝脏癌症发病率高近2倍,肝硬化发病率高近18倍,肝癌发病率高11倍。脂肪肝给中老年群体带来的健康隐患尤其严重。随着年龄增长,中老年人的肝细胞会出现双核、多核、胞体固缩、核染色体变性等退化表现,肝细胞量和质的退化使分泌、消化、吸收等生理功能同时退化,造成脂肪肝、并发症、合并症增多。
到目前为止,根治脂肪肝最好的办法是根据病因针对性的选择应用药物治疗,同时调整饮食结构。西药治疗主要采用保护肝细胞、降脂及抗氧化剂药物,代表性药物有还原性谷胱甘肽、水飞蓟素等,中医学出自苏礼的经典方剂疏肝降脂汤,具有疏肝理脾、降脂化瘀的功效,能有效缓解脂肪肝,对不同证型的轻、中度脂肪肝,均有不同程度的逆转及治疗作用。服用药物虽然能起到快速控制脂肪肝的作用,但也只能起到减轻症状、延缓病情进展的作用,随着脂肪肝病人患病时间的延长,药物用量会逐渐增多,其毒副作用必然会加重身体负担。采用经改良使功效弱化的经典方剂与民间常见食疗菜肴科学组合而成的药膳,可以同时起到服用药物和调整饮食结构的双重效果,可以逐步取代药物治疗,并且无毒副作用。
本发明药膳产品所采用的加工方法属于预制菜即热食品加工技术领域。目前市售该类型预制菜产品多重油重盐,且缺乏对机体的调理功效与对疾病的防治功效,长期食用会加重胃肠道负担,诱发胃肠功能紊乱,继而影响消化功能,引起恶心、呕吐等不适症状,部分人群还会出现消化不良、食欲不振、腹部胀痛等症状。本发明药膳产品为市场提供了口感清淡,且具备脂肪肝防治功效的健康膳食选择,可作为日常膳食长期食用。因中老年人属于脂肪肝高发群体,且中老年人对药物的耐受性减弱,各项身体器官功能减退,排泄变慢,如服用药物不当,较容易产生药副作用,因此,采用功效温而不猛的药膳食疗配合药物治疗,逐步减少药物用量,是中老年人防治脂肪肝,达到标本兼治的最佳选择,本发明药膳产品拥有巨大的中老年人市场发展空间。
本发明药膳产品采用食药同源的天然产物根据传统中医学与现代营养学进行科学配比,科学加工,对防治脂肪肝可以起到综合调理的作用。中药的使用需要辨证施治,才能起到良好的治疗作用。如果使用的中药不对症,轻则只是起不到治疗作用,重则贻误治病时机,带来很大的毒副作用。对于患者自身来说,自己是否正在服用对症的中药,很难做到心中有数。即使是对症的中药,因中药采用的是“以偏纠偏”的治疗原则,是药三分毒,长期服用会不断积累药物的毒副作用,对机体产生损害。防治脂肪肝是一个长期的过程,食疗与药物治疗相结合并逐步代替药物治疗,是人类在与脂肪肝疾病症状斗争过程中总结出的宝贵经验。本发明从本质上也是遵循了这一规律,才能起到很好的防治脂肪肝的作用。本发明既可起到调整脂肪肝患者饮食结构的作用,又可发挥中药的治疗作用,真正实现了药食同源要达到的目标。
发明内容
本发明的目的是要提供一种功效温而不猛、口感甘而不苦、可以融入到患者日常饮食生活中长期食用、能起到良好防治脂肪肝作用、让患者能明显感觉到其综合调理效果、自然而实用的防治脂肪肝药膳产品。
技术方案:该药膳产品是由佛手、决明子、山楂、荷叶、枸杞子、蜂蜜、芹菜、香菇、胡萝卜九种药食同源的天然产物品种组成的,具体用量是:佛手5克、决明子7克、山楂5克、荷叶6克、枸杞子7克、蜂蜜5克、芹菜35~40克,香菇25~30克,胡萝卜15~20克,药膳产品中各原料品种用量,为一位脂肪肝患者的每日平均食用量。药膳产品中各原料品种的具体用量,是根据不同脂肪肝患者的不同情况、或者同一脂肪肝患者所处的不同治疗阶段,在一定范围内动态变化的。按一个月30天计算,各原料品种用量应达到:佛手150克、决明子210克、山楂150克、荷叶180克、枸杞子210克、蜂蜜150克、芹菜1050~1200克,香菇750~900克,胡萝卜450~600克,前述各原料品种用量,为一位脂肪肝患者一个月对单个品种的总食用量。
在上述技术方案中,所述药膳产品的加工方法为将佛手、决明子、山楂、荷叶、枸杞子按重量秤取,清洗干净后,烘干除去水分,粉碎混合,加10倍水武火煮沸,文火熬制 1-2小时,过滤去渣,加入蜂蜜得到保健液,保健液与干品的重量比应为5:1。
进一步地,将芹菜去叶洗净,斜切成4-6厘米长芹菜段备用;鲜香菇清水冲洗去除泥沙杂质,切成0.1厘米厚薄片备用;胡萝卜洗净,切成2平方厘米大,0.1厘米厚薄片备用。将蒜末3克、葱末3克混匀,取其重量 1-1.5 倍的大豆油入锅热熟,加入保健液、芹菜段、香菇片、胡萝卜片、适量食盐与少许鸡精翻炒出香即得药膳。
再进一步地,将所得药膳采用定量真空包装为软罐头后,采用脉动变温杀菌锅进行三阶温和式梯度杀菌,杀菌条件为:100-105℃,5-10min;108-118℃,15-25min;120-121℃,3-5min。杀菌后,产品达到无菌状态,菜品不软烂,功效、风味、质构保持良好。
本发明能实现良好防治脂肪肝效果的原理说明:
本发明用到的九个天然产物品种,属于食药同源的食药材,它们协同作用,可以防治脂肪肝、调节机体代谢平衡。本发明通过对经典方剂疏肝降脂汤的深入研究,在实现方剂与日常膳食结合的基础上进行改进,所采用的改进性食药材味甘、无毒,虽然功效弱于经典方剂,但食用口感好,可与日常膳食搭配加工成药膳产品。经典方剂疏肝降脂汤具有疏肝理脾、降脂化瘀的功效,能有效缓解脂肪肝,对不同证型的轻、中度脂肪肝,均有不同程度的逆转及治疗作用。本发明在经典方剂疏肝降脂汤的基础上减少剂量,加入蜂蜜,与民间常见降脂养肝食材芹菜、香菇、胡萝卜结合,在口感优良的基础上既丰富膳食营养结构,又实现了防治脂肪肝的功效。
佛手味辛,性温,无毒,入肝、脾、肺经。具有疏肝解郁、理气和中、燥湿化痰的功效。佛手可食,属于药食同源的天然产物。
决明子味甘,性微寒,无毒,入肝、肾、大肠经。具有润肠通便、降高血脂高血压的功效。决明子可食,属于药食同源的天然产物。
山楂味甘,性温,无毒,入肝、脾、胃经。具有健脾消食、行气散瘀、降胆固醇、降高血脂高血压的功效。山楂可食,属于药食同源的天然产物。
荷叶味苦,性平,无毒,入肝、脾、胃经。具有健脾化湿、生发清阳、散瘀止血的功效。荷叶可食,属于药食同源的天然产物。
枸杞子味甘,性平,无毒,入肝、肾经。具有养肝明目、滋阴补肾、增强免疫力、抗衰老、降高血脂高血糖、促进造血、软化血管、缓解疲劳、美容养颜的功效。枸杞子可食,属于药食同源的天然产物。
蜂蜜味甘,性平,无毒,入肺、脾、胃、大肠经。具有调补脾胃、补中益气、润肺止咳、润肠通便、促进代谢、解毒的功效。蜂蜜可食,饮食业多用作制作糕点的配料。
芹菜味甘,性寒,无毒,入肝、胃经。具有清热平肝、利水消肿、凉血止血、祛脂的功效。芹菜含有大量蛋白质、氨基酸、维生素和多种人体必需矿物元素,其中钙和铁的含量比西红柿高15倍左右,维生素E的含量在蔬菜中名列前茅。芹菜含有丰富的纤维,有较强的清肠作用,能带走肠内的有害物质,甚至使致癌成分排出体外。芹菜还含有较多的黄酮类化合物,具有降血压、降血脂、保护心血管和增强机体免疫力的作用。
香菇味甘,性平,无毒,入肝、胃经。具有补肝肾、健脾胃、益气血的功效。香菇含有多种维生素,可以防治因缺乏维生素而引起的如口腔溃疡、角膜炎、皮肤病等各种疾病,香菇富含生物碱、香菇嘌呤,具有降低胆固醇的功效,能够有效预防动脉血管硬化。香菇含有多糖类物质,可以提高人体免疫力,抑制癌细胞的生长。香菇还含有一种干扰素,能够干扰病毒的蛋白合成,使人体产生免疫作用,对病毒引起的如流感、麻疹、肝炎等疾病有较好的防治作用。
胡萝卜味甘,性平,无毒,入肝、脾、胃、肺经。具有健脾化滞、宽中下气、散胃中邪滞、利胸膈肠胃,安五脏的功效。胡萝卜又称小人参,含有丰富的胡萝卜素和各种微量元素,能增强抵抗力,温胃健脾。胡萝卜中含有丰富的维生素A,能够抑制肝脏中有害物质增生,具有护肝的功效。胡萝卜含有琥珀酸钾盐,具有降胆固醇、降血压、降血脂、防止血管硬化的功效。胡萝卜还含有丰富的叶酸,通过吃胡萝卜补充叶酸具有预防癌症的功效。
蔬菜鲜品尽量保持了其原汁原味,也就保持了原植物特性,与保健液科学搭配并工业化生产的药膳可以起到一定的药疗作用(采用该药膳产品食疗取得了良好防治脂肪肝的多个实例,很好的证明了这一点)。
蔬菜鲜品整体被食入体内,蔬菜中所含的、尽可能多的、有效药物成分就都可以对机体产生修复、改善和调节作用。而中草药煎剂、茶疗等方式,只是药材的部分有效成分进入体内发挥作用。而且,鲜品应该还含有干品不具有的有效成分。
工业化加工的药膳产品作为食物,可以起到很好的营养补充作用。胡萝卜素可以增强免疫力,维生素可以抗氧化、对抗自由基,另外黄酮类化合物、生物碱、香菇嘌呤等营养物质,对防治脂肪肝、调节机体代谢平衡都有积极意义。
工业化加工的药膳保质期长,方便储存、运输,可以保证患者能够长期食用,这样才能实现预期的食疗效果。
采用本药膳产品食疗符合中医药规律,也与饮食、运动、药物综合防治脂肪肝的宝贵经验相一致,将食疗与药疗集中到了共同的食物载体——特定品种组合的工业化加工药膳上,最终取得了非常好的食疗效果。
与现有其它技术相比,本技术方案的优点表现在:
1、是自然的食疗方式,仍可实现药疗的效果,可以长期食用,无毒副作用。
2、将药膳在不破坏原植物特性的加工工艺下制成常温药膳软罐头,延长保质期,方便储存与运输,保证患者能够长期食用。
3、可以很好的调理机体,促进组织和功能恢复,从而可以逐步取代药物治疗,尽量避免药物带来的副作用。
4、患者可以明显感觉到身体各项机能的恢复。
5、当日常食用药膳已完全取代药物、甚至食用药膳量也在逐步减少,加上保持身心健康、规律作息、适量运动等方面的配合,脂肪肝症状得到完全根治时,就实现了治愈目标,这是一种重大突破。
对采用该配方的102例脂肪肝患者实行食疗效果观察,78例实现了减少服用药物,且身体很多不适症状已消失。食疗效果实现的程度,与患者能否坚持日常食用药膳、生活习惯等方面的配合很有关系。配合的越好,就能实现越大程度的食疗效果。
具体实施方式
以下的实施例对本发明的具体实施方式作进一步详细描述。以下实施例将有助于本领域的技术人员进一步理解本发明,但不以任何形式限制本发明。应当指出的是,对本领域的普通技术人员来说,在不脱离本发明构思的前提下,还可以做出若干变形和改进。这些都属于本发明的保护范围。
实施例1一种防治脂肪肝药膳产品及其加工方法
该药膳产品是由佛手、决明子、山楂、荷叶、枸杞子、蜂蜜、芹菜、香菇、胡萝卜九种药食同源的天然产物品种组成的,具体用量是:佛手5克、决明子7克、山楂5克、荷叶6克、枸杞子7克、蜂蜜5克、芹菜35~40克,香菇25~30克,胡萝卜15~20克。药膳产品中各原料品种用量,为一位脂肪肝患者的每日平均食用量。
采用以上日均食用量,应在两个阶段内:
1、脂肪肝患者初始食用药膳期(药物使用量不变),该阶段称为食药平衡期;
2、该阶段为减药期(药物用量逐渐减少,脂肪肝症状持续得到改善)。
将佛手、决明子、山楂、荷叶、枸杞子按重量秤取,清洗干净后,烘干除去水分,粉碎混合,加10倍水武火煮沸,文火熬制 1-2 小时,过滤去渣,加入蜂蜜得到保健液,保健液与干品的重量比应为5:1。
将芹菜去叶洗净,斜切成4-6厘米长芹菜段备用;鲜香菇清水冲洗去除泥沙杂质,切成0.1厘米厚薄片备用;胡萝卜洗净,切成2平方厘米大,0.1厘米厚薄片备用。将蒜末3克、葱末3克混匀,取其重量 1-1.5 倍的大豆油入锅热熟,加入保健液、芹菜段、香菇片、胡萝卜片、适量食盐与少许鸡精翻炒出香即得药膳。
完成药膳定量真空包装软罐头,包装内容物比例为:芹菜:33-36%;香菇:21-24%;胡萝卜:15-18%;汤汁:25-28%。
包装后的药膳产品,为达到常温长货架期保存,采用脉动变温杀菌锅进行三阶温和式梯度杀菌,杀菌条件为:100-105℃,5-10min;108-118℃,15-25min;120-121℃,3-5min。杀菌后,产品达到无菌状态,蔬菜不软烂,功效、风味、质构保持良好。
药膳产品口味清淡,蔬菜鲜嫩爽口,汤汁香气浓郁,营养丰富;该药膳产品结合了蔬菜及中药的功效,具有疏肝降脂等作用,是一种方便食用的健康素食。
实施例2一种防治脂肪肝药膳产品及其加工方法
该药膳产品是由佛手、决明子、山楂、荷叶、枸杞子、蜂蜜、芹菜、香菇、胡萝卜、排骨九种药食同源的天然产物品种组成的,具体用量是:佛手5克、决明子7克、山楂5克、荷叶6克、枸杞子7克、蜂蜜5克、芹菜20~25克,香菇25~30克,胡萝卜30~35克、排骨60-65克,蒜瓣,八角,香叶共10~15克。药膳产品中各原料品种用量,为一位脂肪肝患者的每日平均食用量。
采用以上日均食用量,应在两个阶段内:
1、脂肪肝患者初始食用药膳期(药物使用量不变),该阶段称为食药平衡期;
2、该阶段为减药期(药物用量逐渐减少,脂肪肝症状持续得到改善)。
将佛手、决明子、山楂、荷叶、枸杞子按重量秤取,清洗干净后,烘干除去水分,粉碎混合,加10倍水武火煮沸,文火熬制 1-2 小时,过滤去渣,加入蜂蜜得到保健液,保健液与干品的重量比应为5:1。
将芹菜去叶洗净,斜切成4-6厘米长芹菜段备用;鲜香菇清水冲洗去除泥沙杂质,切成1厘米厚块状备用;胡萝卜洗净,切成2立方厘米大块状备用,将排骨切成10-15g块状,洗净放入沸水中去除血水捞出备用。将保健液加4倍清水混合,与芹菜、香菇、胡萝卜、排骨、蒜瓣、八角、香叶、食盐入锅炖煮两小时即得药膳。
完成药膳定量真空包装软罐头,包装内容物比例为:芹菜:5-8%;香菇:10-12%;胡萝卜:15-18%;排骨:22-25%;汤汁:40-45%。
包装后的药膳产品,为达到常温长货架期保存,采用脉动变温杀菌锅进行三阶温和式梯度杀菌,杀菌条件为:100-105℃,5-10min;108-118℃,15-25min;120-121℃,3-5min。杀菌后,产品达到无菌状态,蔬菜不软烂,功效、风味、质构保持良好。
药膳产品口味清淡,蔬菜鲜嫩爽口,排骨汤香气浓郁,营养丰富;该药膳产品结合了蔬菜、排骨及中药的功效,具有疏肝降脂等作用,是一种方便食用的健康汤品。
实施例3一种防治脂肪肝药膳产品及其加工方法
该药膳产品是由佛手、决明子、山楂、荷叶、枸杞子、蜂蜜、芹菜、香菇、胡萝卜、白条鸡九种药食同源的天然产物品种组成的,具体用量是:佛手5克、决明子7克、山楂5克、荷叶6克、枸杞子7克、蜂蜜5克、芹菜20~25克,香菇25~30克,胡萝卜30~35克、白条鸡60-65克,蒜瓣,八角,香叶共10~15克。药膳产品中各原料品种用量,为一位脂肪肝患者的每日平均食用量。
采用以上日均食用量,应在两个阶段内:
1、脂肪肝患者初始食用药膳期(药物使用量不变),该阶段称为食药平衡期;
2、该阶段为减药期(药物用量逐渐减少,脂肪肝症状持续得到改善)。
将佛手、决明子、山楂、荷叶、枸杞子按重量秤取,清洗干净后,烘干除去水分,粉碎混合,加10倍水武火煮沸,文火熬制 1-2 小时,过滤去渣,加入蜂蜜得到保健液,保健液与干品的重量比应为5:1。
将芹菜去叶洗净,斜切成4-6厘米长芹菜段备用;鲜香菇清水冲洗去除泥沙杂质,切成1厘米厚块状备用;胡萝卜洗净,切成2立方厘米大块状备用,将白条鸡去头、尾和爪后清洗,放入2倍重量沸水中,随后加入料酒、葱和姜,漂烫5-10min后捞出,置入0-4℃的水中迅速冷却至低于10℃后切成10-15g的鸡块备用。将保健液加4倍清水混合,与芹菜、香菇、胡萝卜、白条鸡、蒜瓣、八角、香叶、食盐入锅炖煮两小时即得药膳。
完成药膳定量真空包装软罐头,包装内容物比例为:芹菜:5-8%;香菇:10-12%;胡萝卜:15-18%;白条鸡:22-25%;汤汁:40-45%。
包装后的药膳产品,为达到常温长货架期保存,采用脉动变温杀菌锅进行三阶温和式梯度杀菌,杀菌条件为:100-105℃,5-10min;108-118℃,15-25min;120-121℃,3-5min。杀菌后,产品达到无菌状态,蔬菜不软烂,功效、风味、质构保持良好。
药膳产品口味清淡,蔬菜鲜嫩爽口,鸡汤香气浓郁,营养丰富;该药膳产品结合了蔬菜、白条鸡及中药的功效,具有疏肝降脂等作用,是一种方便食用的健康汤品。
最后,以上仅为本发明的较佳实施方案,并非用于限定本发明的保护范围。凡在本发明的精神和原则之内,所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等,均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims (9)
1.一种防治脂肪肝药膳产品,其特征在于该药膳产品是由佛手、决明子、山楂、荷叶、枸杞子、蜂蜜、芹菜、香菇、胡萝卜九种药食同源的天然产物品种组成的,具体用量是:佛手5克、决明子7克、山楂5克、荷叶6克、枸杞子7克、蜂蜜5克、芹菜35~40克,香菇25~30克,胡萝卜15~20克,药膳产品中各原料品种用量,为一位脂肪肝患者的每日平均食用量。
2. 根据权利要求1所述的药膳产品,其特征在于该药膳产品中各原料品种的具体用量,是根据不同脂肪肝患者的不同情况、或者同一脂肪肝患者所处的不同治疗阶段,在一定范围内动态变化的。
3.根据权利要求1所述的药膳产品,其特征在于按一个月30天计算,各原料品种用量应达
到:佛手150克、决明子210克、山楂150克、荷叶180克、枸杞子210克、蜂蜜150克、芹菜1050~1200克,香菇750~900克,胡萝卜450~600克,前述各原料品种用量,为一位脂肪肝患者一个月对单个品种的总食用量。
4.根据权利要求1所述的药膳产品,其特征在于为使该药膳产品对脂肪肝患者产生良好的防治脂肪肝疗效,该药膳产品需要同时配合适当的药物来治疗脂肪肝患者,药物的用量会逐渐减少、甚至可以不需用任何药物。
5.根据权利要求1所述的药膳产品,其特征在于所用到的佛手、决明子、山楂、荷叶、枸杞子、蜂蜜为市售中药材,芹菜、香菇、胡萝卜都是蔬菜鲜品。
6.蔬菜鲜品是没有经过任何加工的新鲜蔬菜原料,或者是经过冰冻方式保鲜加工出来的、尽量保持其原汁原味的蔬菜产品。
7.根据权利要求1所述的防治脂肪肝药膳产品的加工方法,其特征在于,所述加工方法包括以下步骤:
S1、将佛手、决明子、山楂、荷叶、枸杞子按重量秤取,清洗干净后,烘干除去水分,粉碎混合,加10倍水武火煮沸,文火熬制 1-2 小时,过滤去渣,加入蜂蜜得到保健液,保健液与干品的重量比应为5:1S2、将芹菜去叶洗净,斜切成4-6厘米长芹菜段备用;鲜香菇清水冲洗去除泥沙杂质,切成0.1厘米厚薄片备用;胡萝卜洗净,切成2平方厘米大,0.1厘米厚薄片备用,将蒜末3克、葱末3克混匀,取其重量 1-1.5 倍的大豆油入锅热熟,加入保健液、芹菜段、香菇片、胡萝卜片、适量食盐与少许鸡精翻炒出香即得药膳。
8.根据权利要求7所述的加工方法,其特征在于,所得药膳采用定量真空包装为软罐头后,采用脉动变温杀菌锅进行三阶温和式梯度杀菌,杀菌条件为:100-105℃,5-10min;108-118℃,15-25min;120-121℃,3-5min。
9.杀菌后,产品达到无菌状态,菜品不软烂,功效、风味、质构保持良好。
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