CN114930607A - 包括火灾抑制装置的电池组 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种包括如下装置的电池组,该装置用于当在电池单体中发生诸如火灾或者热量的异常现象时防止火灾或者热量传播到相邻的电池单体,该电池组包括:多个电池单体;外壳,该外壳用于容纳所述多个电池单体;能量排放装置,该能量排放装置用于当发生异常现象时排放电池组的能量;以及火灾扑灭装置,该火灾扑灭装置在操作温度或更高温度下排放气溶胶,以扑灭在电池组中产生的火焰。
Description
技术领域
该申请要求在2020年5月13日提交的韩国专利申请第2020-0057035号的优先权利益,其公开内容以其整体通过引用并入本文。
本发明涉及一种电池组,该电池组包括能量排放装置和火灾扑灭装置,由此改进了电池组的稳定性。
背景技术
随着移动设备(诸如智能手机、笔记本电脑和数字照相机)的技术发展和对其需求的增加,已经积极进行了对能够充电和放电的二次电池的研究。另外,作为替代引起空气污染的化石燃料的能源的二次电池已经被应用于电动车辆(EV)、混合动力电动车辆(HEV)、插电式混合动力电动车辆(P-HEV)和能量存储系统(ESS)。
能量存储系统(ESS)是一种在电池中存储大量的多余电力从而当需要时使用所存储的电力的系统。能量存储系统用于均匀地维持与新的可更新的能量产生有关的电力质量,并且通过当电力使用量小时存储电力并且当电力需求高时使用所存储的电力来增加电力使用效率。ESS可以主要分类成电网系统ESS、不间断电源(UPS)或者家用ESS。
作为目前广泛使用的二次电池,存在锂离子电池、锂聚合物电池、镍镉电池、镍氢电池和镍锌电池。单元二次电池单体(即,单元电池单体)的工作电压是大约2.0V到5.0V。因此,在要求高于上述工作电压的输出电压的情形中,多个电池单体可以彼此串联连接以构成单体模块组件。另外,取决于所要求的输出电压或者充电和放电容量,单体模块组件可以彼此串联或者并联连接,以构成电池模块。通常,通过添加另外的部件来使用至少一个电池模块来制造电池组。
然而,因为锂二次电池由于热量产生而具有爆炸和火灾爆发的危险,所以一个重要的问题是确保其安全性。如果当发生异常现象时未首先采取任何适当的措施,则由于热量产生,二次电池的温度会突然地升高,并且由于温度的这种突然升高而发生热失控,由此二次电池可能爆炸,并且热量传播到与该二次电池相邻的另一个二次电池,并且因此电池组可能严重损坏。可以使用冷却或热绝缘电池组中的锂二次电池的方法来确保电池组的安全性。然而,当发生异常现象时,仅通过使用这些方法会存在如下问题:不能消散在具有高能量密度的锂二次电池中产生的热能。
发明内容
技术问题
已经鉴于以上问题做出了本发明,并且本发明的目的在于提供一种其中设置有能量排放装置和火灾扑灭装置的电池组。
技术方案
用于实现以上目的的根据本发明的电池组是包括如下装置的电池组,该装置被构造成:当在电池单体中发生诸如火灾爆发或者热量产生的异常现象时,该装置防止火灾或者热量传播到与该电池单体相邻的另一个电池单体,该电池组包括:多个电池单体;外壳,该外壳被构造成接纳所述多个电池单体;能量排放装置,该能量排放装置被构造成当发生异常现象时排放电池组的能量;以及火灾扑灭装置,该火灾扑灭装置被构造成在操作温度或更高温度下排放气溶胶,以扑灭在电池组中产生的火焰。
而且,在根据本发明的电池组中,所述多个电池单体可以在被划分成两个或更多个部段的状态下被接纳在电池组中。
而且,在根据本发明的电池组中,能量排放装置可以包括:电阻器,该电阻器具有高电阻;和操作开关。
而且,在根据本发明的电池组中,能量排放装置可以被安设在所述部段中的仅一个部段中。
而且,在根据本发明的电池组中,能量排放装置可以被安设到每一个部段。
而且,根据本发明的电池组可以进一步包括控制器,该控制器被构造成执行电池组的总体管理并且控制能量排放装置的操作。
而且,在根据本发明的电池组中,火灾扑灭装置可以被设置成与能量排放装置的电阻器相邻,并且当发生异常热量产生现象时,火灾扑灭装置的温度可以使用从电阻器产生的热能而达到操作温度。
而且,在根据本发明的电池组中,火灾扑灭装置可以包括火灾扑灭化学品、冷却部和喷嘴。
而且,在根据本发明的电池组中,火灾扑灭化学品可以是气溶胶发泡化合物(AFC),该气溶胶发泡化合物(AFC)被构造成在低于操作温度的温度下呈固态并且在操作温度或更高温度下以气溶胶的形式被喷射。
而且,在根据本发明的电池组中,所述AFC可以包括硝酸钾、硝酸锶和硝酸镁中的至少一种。
而且,在根据本发明的电池组中,能量排放装置和火灾扑灭装置可以位于外壳中。
另外,根据本发明的一种设备包括至少一个根据本发明的电池组。
有利效果
根据本发明的电池组具有如下优点:包括了能量排放装置和火灾扑灭装置,使得当在电池组中的特定电池单体中发生诸如热量产生或者火灾爆发的异常现象时,该电池单体的能量被快速地排放,并且火灾受到抑制,由此能够阻止热失控现象传播到与该电池单体相邻的电池单体。
另外,根据本发明的电池组具有如下优点:当发生异常现象时,火灾扑灭装置使用从能量排放装置产生的热能来操作,由此不需要被构造成操作火灾扑灭装置的任何单独设备。
附图说明
图1是示出根据本发明的实施例的电池组的示意图。
图2是示出根据本发明的另一个实施例的电池组的示意图。
图3是示出本发明的能量排放装置的示意图。
图4是示出本发明的火灾扑灭装置的示意图。
具体实施方式
在本申请中,应该理解,术语“包括”、“具有”、“包含”等规定了存在所陈述的特征、数目、步骤、操作、元件、部件或其组合,但是不排除存在或添加一个或多个其它的特征、数目、步骤、操作、元件、部件或其组合。
另外,在所有绘图中,将使用相同的附图标记来指代执行类似的功能或操作的部分。在说明书中,在一个部分被称为被连接到另一个部分的情形中,所述一个部分不仅可以被直接地连接到所述另一个部分,而且所述一个部分还可以经由另外的部分被间接地连接到所述另一个部分。另外,除非另有说明,否则包括特定元件并不意味着排除其它元件,而是意味着可以进一步包括这种元件。
在下文中,将参考附图描述根据本发明的电池组。
图1是根据本发明的第一优选实施例的包括能量排放装置和火灾扑灭装置的电池组的示意图。
当参考图1描述电池组10时,根据本发明的电池组10被构造成使得多个电池单体100在被划分成两个或更多个部段的状态下被接纳在电池组外壳200中。分隔壁500位于相应的部段之间,该分隔壁500被构造成将部段彼此分隔。根据需要,可以使用如下部件作为分隔壁500:绝热板,该绝热板被构造成在部段之间执行绝热;或者散热板或冷却板,该散热板或冷却板被构造成将由电池单体100产生的热量排放到外部。
同时,如在图1中所示,能量排放装置300和火灾扑灭装置400被设置在每一个部段中,在每一个部段中接纳有多个电池单体100。
这里,当在电池组10的特定电池单体100中发生异常热量产生现象时,能量排放装置300用于将电池单体100的能量作为热能排放,由此抑制由于异常热量产生而引起的热失控现象,因此改进电池组10的安全性。
另外,火灾扑灭装置400被设置成与能量排放装置300相邻,并且当发生异常热量产生现象时,火灾扑灭装置的温度通过使用由能量排放装置300排放的热能而达到操作温度,由此能够快速地扑灭电池组10中的火焰。
图2是根据本发明的第二优选实施例的包括能量排放装置和火灾扑灭装置的电池组的示意图。
与图1的电池组10相比较,除了能量排放装置300和火灾扑灭装置400仅被设置在多个所划分的部段中的中间部段中之外,图2的电池组10与图1的电池组10相同。
同时,当参考图3详细地描述能量排放装置300时,能量排放装置300包括:电阻器310,该电阻器310具有高电阻;和操作开关320,该操作开关320被构造成接通/关断与特定部段中的电池单体100的电连接。
电阻器310可以选自众所周知的电阻器,只要该电阻器的电阻能够将电池单体100的能量作为热能快速地排放并且该热能能够提供使得与该电池单体相邻地定位的火灾扑灭装置400进行操作的温度即可。
另外,操作开关320可以如在图3的(a)中所示地仅设置在电路的一个方向上,或者可以如在图3的(b)中所示地设置在电路的两个方向上。
在上文描述的能量排放装置300中,当发生异常热量产生现象时,在电池组10正常操作时关断的操作开关320被接通,由此电池单体100和电阻器310彼此电连接。结果,电池单体100的电能由具有高电阻的电阻器310作为热能排放,并且因此能够抑制异常热量产生现象传播到与该电池单体相邻的电池单体100。
另外,电池组10可以进一步包括控制器(未示出),以执行电池组10的总体管理并且当发生异常热量产生现象时控制能量排放装置300的操作。
当参考图4描述火灾扑灭装置400时,火灾扑灭装置400可以是固体气溶胶火灾扑灭设备,该固体气溶胶火灾扑灭设备包括火灾扑灭化学品410、冷却部420和喷嘴430。
这里,固体气溶胶火灾扑灭设备是通过负催化剂效应来中断燃烧的链式反应的火灾扑灭系统,在该负催化剂效应中,包括特殊成分的固体化合物燃烧时所产生的气溶胶的自由基在火灾周围与诸如O、H和OH的活性自由基发生反应,以中断链式反应,由此抑制火灾。
具体地,当火灾扑灭化学品410在操作温度或更高温度下燃烧时,产生作为火灾扑灭材料的气溶胶,所产生的气溶胶在通过冷却部420的同时被冷却至对人体或者设施无害的适当温度,被冷却的气溶胶作为气溶胶颗粒A通过喷嘴430喷射,并且被喷射的气溶胶通过上述负催化剂效应来抑制火灾。
各种众所周知的火灾扑灭化学品中的任何火灾扑灭化学品都可以用作火灾扑灭装置400的火灾扑灭化学品410。特别地,优选地使用气溶胶发泡化合物(AFC),该气溶胶发泡化合物(AFC)在低于操作温度的温度下呈固态并且在操作温度或更高温度下以气溶胶的形式被喷射。
优选的是,作为AFC的主要成分,包括硝酸钾、硝酸锶和硝酸镁中的至少一种。因为分解和燃烧温度取决于AFC的成分而改变,所以需要在考虑到AFC的操作温度的情况下,设定待应用于能量排放装置300的电阻器的尺寸和规格。
取决于AFC中所包括的成分,操作温度可以具有各种温度范围。特别地,在考虑到通常使用的AFC和电阻器310的种类的情况下,优选的是300℃到1100℃的温度范围。
另外,根据本发明的包括能量排放装置300和火灾扑灭装置400的电池组可以应用于电动车辆(EV)、混合动力电动车辆(HEV)、插电式混合动力电动车辆(P-HEV)或者能量存储系统(ESS)。
虽然已经详细描述了本发明的具体细节,但是本领域技术人员将理解,本发明的详细描述仅公开了本发明的优选实施例,并且因此不限制本发明的范围。相应地,本领域技术人员将理解,在不偏离本发明的范围和技术思想的情况下,各种改变和修改都是可能的,并且将是显而易见的是,这种改变和修改落入所附权利要求的范围内。
附图标记说明
10:电池组
100:电池单体
200:外壳
300:能量排放装置
310:电阻器
320:操作开关
400:火灾扑灭装置
410:火灾扑灭化学品
420:冷却部
430:喷嘴
A:气溶胶颗粒
500:分隔壁
Claims (12)
1.一种包括如下装置的电池组(10),所述装置被构造成:当在电池单体(100)中发生诸如火灾爆发或者热量产生的异常现象时,所述装置防止火灾或者热量传播到与所述电池单体相邻的另一个电池单体(100),所述电池组(10)包括:
多个电池单体(100);
外壳(200),所述外壳(200)被构造成接纳所述多个电池单体(100);
能量排放装置(300),所述能量排放装置(300)被构造成当发生所述异常现象时排放所述电池组(10)的能量;以及
火灾扑灭装置(400),所述火灾扑灭装置(400)被构造成在操作温度或更高温度下排放气溶胶,以扑灭在所述电池组(10)中产生的火焰。
2.根据权利要求1所述的电池组(10),其中,所述多个电池单体(100)在被划分成两个或更多个部段的状态下被接纳在所述电池组(10)中。
3.根据权利要求1所述的电池组(10),其中,所述能量排放装置(300)包括:电阻器(310),所述电阻器(310)具有高电阻;和操作开关(320)。
4.根据权利要求2所述的电池组(10),其中,所述能量排放装置(300)被安设在所述部段中的仅一个部段中。
5.根据权利要求2所述的电池组(10),其中,所述能量排放装置(300)被安设到每一个部段。
6.根据权利要求1所述的电池组(10),进一步包括控制器,所述控制器被构造成执行所述电池组(10)的总体管理并且控制所述能量排放装置(300)的操作。
7.根据权利要求3所述的电池组(10),其中,所述火灾扑灭装置(400)被设置成与所述能量排放装置(300)的所述电阻器(310)相邻,并且当发生所述异常热量产生现象时,所述火灾扑灭装置的温度使用由所述电阻器(310)产生的热能而达到所述操作温度。
8.根据权利要求1所述的电池组(10),其中,所述火灾扑灭装置(400)包括火灾扑灭化学品(410)、冷却部(420)和喷嘴(430)。
9.根据权利要求8所述的电池组(10),其中,所述火灾扑灭化学品(410)是气溶胶发泡化合物(AFC),所述气溶胶发泡化合物(AFC)被构造成在低于所述操作温度的温度下呈固态并且在所述操作温度或更高温度下以气溶胶的形式被喷射。
10.根据权利要求9所述的电池组(10),其中,所述气溶胶发泡化合物包括硝酸钾、硝酸锶和硝酸镁中的至少一种。
11.根据权利要求1所述的电池组(10),其中,所述能量排放装置(300)和所述火灾扑灭装置(400)位于所述外壳(200)中。
12.一种设备,包括根据权利要求1到11中的任一项所述的电池组(10)。
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