CN114927933A - Ultra-long Raman fiber laser - Google Patents
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- H01S3/30—Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range using scattering effects, e.g. stimulated Brillouin or Raman effects
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- H01S3/05—Construction or shape of optical resonators; Accommodation of active medium therein; Shape of active medium
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- H01S3/09—Processes or apparatus for excitation, e.g. pumping
- H01S3/091—Processes or apparatus for excitation, e.g. pumping using optical pumping
- H01S3/094—Processes or apparatus for excitation, e.g. pumping using optical pumping by coherent light
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- H01S3/091—Processes or apparatus for excitation, e.g. pumping using optical pumping
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- H01S3/094042—Processes or apparatus for excitation, e.g. pumping using optical pumping by coherent light of a fibre laser
- H01S3/094046—Processes or apparatus for excitation, e.g. pumping using optical pumping by coherent light of a fibre laser of a Raman fibre laser
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Abstract
The invention discloses an ultra-long Raman fiber laser, which relates to the field of fiber lasers and optical communication and sensing, and has the technical innovation points that the ultra-long Raman fiber laser is divided into three parts, wherein firstly, high-order random fiber laser Raman pumping is adopted, so that the generated laser peak value can be far away from a pumping end, and the limit cavity length of the Raman fiber laser is prolonged; secondly, a novel ultra-low loss optical fiber is adopted as a transmission optical fiber, the novel optical fiber has lower transmission loss, and the transmission distance of laser is increased, so that the limit cavity length of the Raman optical fiber laser is prolonged; thirdly, the influence of distributed random feedback formed by Rayleigh scattering of the optical fiber on the Raman laser can be effectively reduced by utilizing the characteristic of low Rayleigh scattering coefficient of the novel ultra-low loss optical fiber, so that the limit cavity length of the Raman optical fiber laser is further improved. Experiments show that: the invention realizes a 364km long Raman fiber laser, which is the longest laser reported in the world at present.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of fiber lasers and optical communication and sensing, in particular to the technical field of ultra-long Raman fiber lasers.
Background
The fiber laser has the advantages of simple structure, good beam quality, high pumping conversion efficiency, flexible and adjustable wavelength and the like in principle, has wide future extension in the fields of nonlinear optics, fiber sensing and fiber communication, and has good future application scenes in industrial manufacturing, biomedical and national defense safety and the like. In recent years, a novel mode-based ultra-long cavity fiber laser structure based on first-order raman amplification of single-mode fiber has been released, which is a new collision between nonlinear optics and random laser. For a long time, the raman fiber laser is developed towards random laser and distributed raman amplification, and the theoretical system of the aspect is slowly perfected. The concept of the mode long-cavity fiber laser is proposed in 2009, and is intentionally applied and developed in the fields of fiber communication, secret communication and the like.
The laser is divided into two types according to the existence of a longitudinal mode structure, one type is random laser without the longitudinal mode structure, and the other type is the traditional cavity laser with the longitudinal mode structure. The random laser is random in a random resonant cavity with large and small sizes formed by distributed scattering of optical fibers, and longitudinal mode frequencies generated by the random resonant cavity are displayed in a straight line on a frequency spectrum, namely a so-called longitudinal mode-free structure. Most of the existing random laser structures are semi-open cavity structures or full cavity structures formed by high and low reflecting mirrors, and one element for forming random laser is that the dominant part of the laser structure as the resonant cavity for generating feedback must have randomness, such as Rayleigh scattering in an optical fiber. In the structure of the traditional laser, two ends of the traditional laser are provided with fixed resonant cavities, and the traditional mode laser generated by the Raman fiber laser is not only required to be provided with the fixed resonant cavities, but also required to ensure that the fixed resonant cavities at two ends of the structure occupy the dominant part in the whole feedback, so that the random longitudinal mode generated by the random resonant cavities in the optical fiber is prevented from covering the longitudinal mode structure selected by the fixed resonant cavities. The random resonant cavity in the optical fiber is mainly formed by Rayleigh scattering, the total Rayleigh scattering of the optical fiber is stronger as the length of the optical fiber is longer, the maximum specular reflectivity of the fixed resonant cavity can only reach 100 percent, namely, for any type of optical fiber, the length of the optical fiber of the Raman optical fiber laser with the longitudinal mode structure to be formed must have a limit value. The prior art shows that the maximum cavity length which can be achieved by using first-order amplification and second-order amplification is 270km and 288km by using a common single-mode fiber as a transmission fiber in a Raman laser and matching a double-end Raman method.
In recent years, a new g.654.e optical fiber with ultra-low transmission loss provides a new solution for long-distance transmission, and the optical fiber achieves the purpose of reducing the transmission loss of each window of the optical fiber by reducing the rayleigh scattering coefficient in the optical fiber and the like. The application prospect of the sensor in the sensing and communication fields is continuously explored and mined.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to: in order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides an ultra-long raman fiber laser, realizes an ultra-long raman fiber laser with 1550nm, and provides a new platform for research on secret optical communication, optical fiber nonlinear effect and optical fiber sensing.
The invention specifically adopts the following technical scheme for realizing the purpose:
an ultra-long Raman fiber laser comprises a pair of pumping light source modules, a pair of wavelength division multiplexers A, a pair of wavelength division multiplexers B, a transmission fiber, a pair of fiber gratings and a pair of broadband high reflectors;
the ultra-long Raman fiber laser is arranged by taking a transmission fiber as a center and mirroring the left end and the right end;
the left side structure specifically does:
the wavelength division multiplexer a consists of three ports: 1040-1090nm port, 1100-1700nm port and public port; the connection condition of each port is as follows: the pump light source module is connected with 1040 and 1090nm ports; the fiber bragg grating is connected with the common port, and a fixed resonant cavity is provided for generating 1550nm laser with fixed longitudinal mode interval output;
the wavelength division multiplexer B is composed of three ports: 1100-1480nm port, 1520-1700nm port, common port; the connection condition of each port is as follows: the broadband high-reflection mirror is connected with an 1100-1480nm port to provide feedback for generating cascade random Raman laser and reduce a threshold; 1520-1700nm ports are subjected to oblique angle treatment to prevent Fresnel reflection;
the public port of the wavelength division multiplexer B is connected with the 1100-1700nm port of the wavelength division multiplexer A, and the transmission optical fiber is connected between the two fiber gratings to provide random Rayleigh feedback and gain medium for laser lasing.
As an optional technical scheme, the transmission optical fiber is an ultra-low loss optical fiber, the loss is lower than 0.17dB/km, and the cavity length is more than 200 km.
As an optional technical solution, the structure of the ultra-long raman fiber laser has symmetry, and 1550nm laser with fixed longitudinal mode interval output can be generated only by simultaneous pumping at two ends.
Alternatively, the broadband high-reflection mirror includes a fiber ring mirror or a high-reflectivity fiber grating array with different center wavelengths connected in series.
As an optional technical scheme, the center wavelength of the fiber grating is 1530-1570 nm.
As an optional technical scheme, the central wavelength of the fiber grating is 1550 nm.
As an optional technical solution, the random laser with a central wavelength of 1480nm is used as a final pump for generating 1550nm laser with a fixed longitudinal mode interval output, and the longitudinal mode frequency of 1550nm is determined by the length of the transmission fiber.
As an alternative, a section of erbium-doped fiber is doped into the transmission fiber.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. the laser adopts a high-order Raman pumping mode, and pushes the power peak value of the cascade random laser to the middle part of the optical fiber on the premise that pumping is provided at two ends, so that the 1550nm optical power reaching the cavity surface of the fixed resonant cavity is greatly improved, the ratio of the fixed resonant cavity in feedback of various resonant cavities is improved, the fixed resonant cavity still presses the optical fiber random resonant cavity to become a leading part in longer cavity length, and finally laser with fixed longitudinal mode interval output is formed.
2. The laser selects the ultra-low loss optical fiber in the transmission optical fiber, the transmission loss of the laser in each wave band is lower than that of the common single mode optical fiber, the transmission loss of a pump can be reduced, the laser power is improved, meanwhile, the ultra-low Rayleigh scattering coefficient is also provided, the intensity of a random resonant cavity caused by the scattering of the optical fiber is essentially reduced, the occupation ratio of the resonant cavity with two fixed ends in the feedback of various resonant cavities is improved, and the purpose of improving the length limit length of the cavity of the laser is achieved.
3. Due to the adoption of a symmetrical structure, the ultra-long Raman fiber laser can generate 1550nm communication laser with fixed longitudinal mode interval output only by simultaneously pumping the head part and the tail part. Once the middle is destroyed or accessed by a third party, the longitudinal mode property of the 1550nm laser can be changed and can be detected by the two ends. Meanwhile, the limit cavity length of the laser is more than 200km, and the requirements of most of long-distance optical fiber communication and sensing can be met.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a block diagram of an ultra-long Raman fiber laser according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a block diagram of a 1090nm pump light source module according to the first embodiment;
fig. 3 is a structural block diagram of an ultra-long raman fiber laser based on a 3 × 1 wavelength division multiplexer according to a second embodiment;
FIG. 4 is a simulation summary diagram of the relationship between the limiting cavity length and the fiber type and amplification mode (pump order) of the ultra-long Raman fiber laser with fixed longitudinal mode spacing output;
fig. 5 is a spectral diagram of an ultra-long raman fiber laser with fixed longitudinal mode spacing output based on the 364km long g.654e fiber in example 1.
The mark in the figure is: 1. a pump light source module; 1-1, 976nm laser; 1-2, an optical fiber combiner; 1-3, 1090nm fiber grating; 1-4, ytterbium doped fiber; 1-5, common single mode fiber; 1-6, an isolator; 2. a wavelength division multiplexer; 2-1, a wavelength division multiplexer A; 2-2, a wavelength division multiplexer B; 3. a transmission optical fiber; 4. 1550nm optical fiber grating; 5. broadband high reflector.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some, but not all, embodiments of the present invention. The components of embodiments of the present invention generally described and illustrated in the figures herein may be arranged and designed in a wide variety of different configurations.
Thus, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention, presented in the figures, is not intended to limit the scope of the invention, as claimed, but is merely representative of selected embodiments of the invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
The following embodiments all use 1090nm pump light source module 1 as an example, as shown in fig. 2, and the structural principle is as follows: from left to right, a 976nm laser 1-1-1 enters a section of 10m YDF1-4-1 through the pumping end of an optical fiber combiner 1-2-1, YDF1-4-1 is connected with a disc of 4km ordinary single-mode optical fiber 1-5, and the signal end of the optical fiber combiner 1-2-1 is connected with a 1090nm optical fiber grating 1-3 to form a first-stage 1090nm laser. 1090nm seed laser generated by a first-stage 1090nm laser enters a second section of YDF1-4-2 with the length of 10m through a signal end and a pumping end of an optical fiber beam combiner 1-6-1 and a 976nm laser respectively through an isolator 1-2-2, the 976nm laser in the second section of YDF1-4-2 performs second-stage amplification on the 1090nm seed laser, and finally generated 1090nm laser is output through the isolator 1-6-2.
Example 1
As shown in fig. 1, the present embodiment provides that the ultra-long raman fiber laser is an ultra-long raman fiber laser based on 6-order lasing. The laser structure is distributed symmetrically, the wavelength division multiplexer A2-1 is connected with the wavelength division multiplexer B2-2, and the output end of the 1090nm pump light source module 1 and the 1550nm fiber grating 4 are respectively connected with the 1040 1090nm port and the public port of the wavelength division multiplexer A2-1. The broadband high reflection mirror 5 is connected with the 1100-1480nm port of the wavelength division multiplexer B2-2, and performs bevel processing on the 1520-1700nm port of the wavelength division multiplexer B2-2. The 364km ultra low loss transmission fiber 3 is connected between two 1550nm fiber gratings. Such a symmetrical structure constitutes the overall structure of the laser.
Description of the working principle of the invention: 1090nm pump laser is output from a 1090nm pump light source module 1 and enters an ultra-low loss transmission optical fiber 3 through a wavelength division multiplexer A2-1, with the continuous improvement of 1090nm pump input power, all orders of Stokes light is generated through spontaneous radiation in the ultra-low loss transmission optical fiber 3, 1-5 orders of Stokes light are repeatedly stimulated and Raman amplified through Rayleigh scattering and a broadband high reflector 5 in the ultra-low loss transmission optical fiber 3, because the feedback of the 1-5 orders of Stokes light is mainly the random Rayleigh scattering in the optical fiber, the finally generated effect is random laser without longitudinal modes, and the broadband strong feedback 5 module is used for reducing the threshold value generated by the 1-5 orders of Raman random laser. Because the power peak position of the high-order random laser along the transmission fiber is deeper into the middle of the fiber link, the output power of the 1090nm pump light source module 1 gradually increases to reach the threshold power of each-order laser, the laser of the upper-order laser is used as the direct pump of the laser of the next-order laser, the power of the laser of the upper-order laser gradually decreases, and the laser of the next-order laser starts to generate and the power slowly increases. And the 5 th order random laser around the 1480nm wave band is generated once and is used as the direct pumping for finally generating 1550nm laser, and along with the improvement of the power of 1090nm pump light, the first order random laser is transmitted to the 1480nm laser, so that the power of the 1480nm laser is slowly improved until reaching the threshold for generating 1550nm laser, and at the moment, the power of the 1480nm laser is transferred to the 1550nm laser, and finally the 1550nm laser is generated. It should be noted that although the 1-5 order laser also has the conventional resonant cavity structure, that is, both ends are provided with the strong feedback mirrors, since the rayleigh scattering coefficients of the 1-5 order laser corresponding to the wavelengths are all higher than the corresponding coefficient of 1550nm in the ultra-low loss transmission fiber 3, and the ultra-low loss fiber with the length of 364km is adopted for the fiber length, for the generation of the 1-5 order laser, the feedback is dominated by the rayleigh scattering in the ultra-low loss transmission fiber 3, and at this time, the longitudinal mode-free characteristic is presented. For the final generated 1550nm laser, the 1550nm fiber grating 4 is still used as the dominant feedback to the fixed resonator formed, so that the final 1550nm laser has a longitudinal mode structure. Since the length of the ultra-low loss transmission fiber 3 is 364km, the longitudinal mode spacing frequency is 285 Hz.
The laser limit cavity length under each stage of pumping mode based on the standard common single-mode fiber and the ultra-low loss fiber is simulated, and the simulation result is shown in figure 4. Meanwhile, we realized an ultra-long raman fiber laser with fixed longitudinal mode interval output by adopting a 364km novel G.654E fiber, and observed obvious longitudinal mode intervals on a frequency spectrograph, and the measured frequency spectrum is shown in FIG. 5.
Example 2
As shown in fig. 2, the present embodiment provides that the ultra-long raman fiber laser is based on a 3 × 1 wavelength division multiplexer 2. The laser structure is the symmetrical distribution, 1090nm pump light source module 1's output, broadband high-reflecting mirror 5 connect wavelength division multiplexer 2's pumping interface, intermediate wave band interface respectively to do the oblique angle to wavelength division multiplexer 2's 1550nm port and handle, prevent the terminal surface reflection, wavelength division multiplexer 2's public mouth links into 364km ultra-low loss transmission optic fibre 3 through 1550nm fiber grating 4, such symmetrical structure has constituted the overall structure of laser.
Description of the working principle of the invention: the working principle of this embodiment is similar to that of embodiment 1, except that the laser structure is simplified, a 3 × 1 wavelength division multiplexer 2 is adopted as a light splitting device, and the modules are connected through the wavelength division multiplexer 2.
The pump light source module 1 is connected with a pump interface of the wavelength division multiplexer 2, and the interface is a short-wavelength narrow-band interface and only allows the light with the wavelength of the pump light to pass through. The transmission fiber 3 is connected to the common port of the wavelength division multiplexer 2. The pumping light enters the transmission optical fiber 3 through the wavelength division multiplexer 2, laser lasing is achieved in the transmission optical fiber 3, and pumping and gain media are provided for generating 1550nm Raman laser.
The broadband high-reflection mirror 5 is connected to the intermediate band interface of the wavelength division multiplexer 2, which is an intermediate wavelength broadband interface allowing light with a wavelength between the pump light wavelength and the 1550nm laser wavelength to pass through. The light back scattered in the transmission fiber 3 enters a broadband high reflector 5 through a wavelength division multiplexer 2 to provide feedback for generating the intermediate wavelength random Raman laser.
The 1550nm optical fiber grating 4 is connected with a 1550nm interface of the wavelength division multiplexer 2 and provides a fixed resonant cavity for generating 1550nm laser with fixed longitudinal mode interval output.
The above embodiments show that, by using an ultra-low loss fiber as the transmission fiber 3, the random resonant cavity formed by factors such as rayleigh scattering in the fiber can be substantially reduced, thereby achieving the effect of an ultra-long-distance raman fiber laser. And the mode of using high-order laser to lase can push 1550nm laser to farther 1550nm fiber grating 4 departments for reach the 1550nm laser power of the fixed resonant cavity higher, the laser of the fixed resonant cavity chooses the efficiency to be higher, thus reach the effect of the ultra-long distance Raman laser.
The above description is intended to be illustrative of the preferred embodiment of the present invention and should not be taken as limiting the invention, but rather, the intention is to cover all modifications, equivalents, and alternatives falling within the spirit and scope of the invention.
Claims (8)
1. The ultra-long Raman fiber laser is characterized by comprising a pair of pump light source modules (1), a pair of wavelength division multiplexers A (2-1), a pair of wavelength division multiplexers B (2-2), a transmission fiber (3), a pair of fiber gratings (4) and a pair of broadband high reflectors (5);
the ultra-long Raman fiber laser is arranged by taking a transmission fiber (3) as a center and mirroring the left end and the right end;
the left side structure specifically does:
the wavelength division multiplexer a (2-1) is composed of three ports: 1040-1090nm port, 1100-1700nm port and public port; the connection condition of each port is as follows: the pump light source module (1) is connected with 1040 and 1090nm ports; the fiber grating (4) is connected with a public port;
the wavelength division multiplexer B (2-2) is composed of three ports: 1100-1480nm port, 1520-1700nm port and public port; the connection condition of each port is as follows: the broadband high reflector (5) is connected with the 1100-1480nm port and the 1520-1700nm port for oblique angle treatment,
the common port of the wavelength division multiplexer B (2-2) is connected with the 1100-1700nm port of the wavelength division multiplexer A (2-1), and the transmission fiber (5) is connected between the two fiber gratings (4).
2. An ultra-long raman fiber laser according to claim 1, characterized in that the transmission fiber (3) is an ultra-low loss fiber with losses lower than 0.17dB/km and a cavity length >200 km.
3. The fiber laser of claim 1, wherein the fiber laser structure is symmetrical and requires simultaneous pumping at both ends to produce 1550nm laser with constant longitudinal mode spacing output.
4. An ultra-long raman fiber laser according to claim 1, characterized in that the broadband high reflection mirror (5) comprises a fiber ring mirror or a high reflectivity fiber grating array of different center wavelengths in series.
5. An ultra-long raman fiber laser according to claim 1, characterized in that the center wavelength of the fiber grating (4) is 1530-1570 nm.
6. An ultra-long raman fiber laser according to claim 5, characterized in that the central wavelength of the fiber grating (4) is 1550 nm.
7. The ultra-long raman fiber laser according to claim 6, wherein the transmission fiber (3) generates various orders of laser light, wherein the wavelength of 1550nm is preceded by random laser light, and finally random laser light with a central wavelength of 1480nm is used as a final pump for generating 1550nm laser light with a fixed longitudinal mode interval output, and the longitudinal mode frequency of 1550nm is determined by the length of the transmission fiber (3).
8. An ultra-long raman fiber laser according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that a length of erbium-doped fiber is doped in the transmission fiber (3).
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| CN115290181A (en) * | 2022-10-09 | 2022-11-04 | 之江实验室 | Distributed acoustic wave sensing system based on random laser amplification and scattering enhanced optical fiber |
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| 曹健华 等: "超长距离光纤随机激光多点传感系统的设计与实现" * |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN115290181A (en) * | 2022-10-09 | 2022-11-04 | 之江实验室 | Distributed acoustic wave sensing system based on random laser amplification and scattering enhanced optical fiber |
| CN115290181B (en) * | 2022-10-09 | 2022-12-27 | 之江实验室 | Distributed acoustic wave sensing system based on random laser amplification and scattering enhanced optical fiber |
| US11874146B1 (en) | 2022-10-09 | 2024-01-16 | Zhejiang Lab | Distributed acoustic sensing system based on random laser amplification and scattering enhanced optical fiber |
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