CN114976838A - Ultra-long distance high-order random fiber laser and sensor based on ultra-low loss fiber - Google Patents
Ultra-long distance high-order random fiber laser and sensor based on ultra-low loss fiber Download PDFInfo
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- G01D5/32—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light with attenuation or whole or partial obturation of beams of light
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Abstract
The invention discloses an ultra-long-distance high-order random fiber laser and a sensor based on an ultra-low loss fiber, and relates to the field of fiber laser and fiber sensing. In addition, due to the inherent temperature insensitivity of the random fiber laser, the tail end fiber Bragg grating can be used for determining the laser lasing wavelength, can sense parameters such as temperature and strain, realizes an ultra-long-distance random fiber laser sensor, and provides a novel ultra-long-distance sensing technical means for applications such as smart grid monitoring and pipeline health monitoring.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of fiber laser and fiber sensing, in particular to the technical field of ultra-long distance high-order random fiber lasers and sensors based on ultra-low loss fibers.
Background
The random fiber laser is different from the traditional fiber laser, and random laser lasing can be realized without a fixed resonant cavity structure. The Raman gain-based random fiber laser provides gain to generate random laser by utilizing stimulated Raman scattering in the optical fiber, has the characteristic of flexible wavelength, is widely applied to optical fiber communication and sensing systems, and provides a new platform for various optical fiber laser light sources. For a random raman fiber laser with a fully open cavity structure, feedback is provided only by rayleigh scattering in the fiber, and the laser cavity length is not limited. For the semi-open cavity backward pumping random Raman fiber laser, when the cavity length is too long, the accumulated backward Rayleigh scattering feedback can replace the fiber Bragg grating at the tail end of the fiber link, and feedback is provided for lasing random fiber laser, so that the random fiber laser becomes a full-open cavity structure random Raman fiber laser.
In the semi-cavity backward pumping random fiber laser, the fiber Bragg grating at the tail end of the fiber link provides point feedback for the random fiber laser, and the random fiber laser lasing wavelength can be determined. Because the random fiber laser has the temperature insensitivity characteristic, the fiber Bragg grating at the tail end in the semi-open cavity backward pumping random fiber laser can also be used for sensing external environment parameters. The existing sensor based on semi-open cavity backward pumping random fiber laser mainly adopts first-order or second-order random laser for sensing, a transmission fiber is a standard single-mode fiber, the sensing distance is limited, the actual requirements of longer-distance fiber sensors in the application fields of power transmission line monitoring and the like in smart grid construction are difficult to meet.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to: the invention provides a novel ultra-long distance random fiber laser and sensor scheme adopting high-order random fiber laser combined with ultra-low loss fiber for realizing longer distance random fiber laser and sensor, and solves the problem of limited distance between the existing semi-open cavity backward pumping random fiber laser and sensor.
The invention specifically adopts the following technical scheme for realizing the purpose:
the ultra-long-distance high-order random fiber laser based on the ultra-low loss fiber comprises a pump laser with an output end connected with a transmission end of a wavelength division multiplexer A, wherein a common end of the wavelength division multiplexer A is connected with one end of the ultra-low loss fiber, and the other end of the ultra-low loss fiber is connected with a fiber Bragg grating; the reflection end of the wavelength division multiplexer A is connected with the common end of the wavelength division multiplexer B, the transmission end of the wavelength division multiplexer B is connected with the broadband reflector, and the reflection end of the wavelength division multiplexer B is a high-order random optical fiber laser output end.
The fiber Bragg grating is used for determining the laser emission wavelength of the cascade random fiber laser; the broadband reflector can provide broadband reflection and provide front-end point type feedback for random fiber lasers of all orders; the high-order pump laser is used as a cascade random fiber laser pump, and can push the cascade random fiber laser to the far end of the fiber along the power peak value of the ultra-low loss fiber; and because the ultra-low loss optical fiber has ultra-low transmission loss, a low Rayleigh scattering coefficient and a low Raman gain coefficient, the attenuation of pumping and cascade random optical fiber laser can be reduced, the laser power reaching the fiber Bragg grating is improved, the Rayleigh scattering accumulation effect is weakened, the effect of the fiber Bragg grating on constructing a laser structure is improved, the long distance of a high-order random optical fiber laser cavity is further prolonged, and the optical signal-to-noise ratio of the cascade random optical fiber laser is improved.
As an optional technical scheme, the transmission loss of the ultra-low loss optical fiber is less than or equal to 0.17 dB/km.
Alternatively, the effective area of the ultra-low loss optical fiber 3 is 75 μm 2 -150μm 2 。
As an optional technical scheme, the Rayleigh scattering coefficient of the ultra-low loss optical fiber is 0dB-5dB lower than that of a standard single-mode optical fiber.
As an optional technical scheme, the Raman gain coefficient of the ultra-low loss fiber 3 is 0dB-5dB lower than that of a standard single mode fiber.
As an optional technical solution, an erbium-doped fiber is added to the ultra-low loss fiber link, and is used to extend the distance and optical signal-to-noise ratio of the high-order random fiber laser.
As an optional technical solution, the broadband reflecting mirror is replaced by a series fiber bragg grating, and each fiber bragg grating provides front-end point type feedback for each order of random fiber laser.
The ultra-long distance high-order random fiber laser sensor based on the ultra-low loss fiber comprises a pump laser with an output end connected with a transmission end of a wavelength division multiplexer A, wherein a common end of the wavelength division multiplexer A is connected with one end of the ultra-low loss fiber, and the other end of the ultra-low loss fiber is connected with a fiber Bragg grating array; the reflection end of the wavelength division multiplexer A is connected with the common end of the wavelength division multiplexer B, the transmission end of the wavelength division multiplexer B is connected with the broadband reflector, and the reflection end of the wavelength division multiplexer B is a high-order random optical fiber laser output end;
the optical fiber Bragg grating array is used for sensing the change of the external environment parameters; and the high-order random optical fiber laser output end is used for monitoring a sensing signal.
As an optional technical solution, the fiber bragg grating array is composed of fiber bragg gratings of different wavelengths encapsulated by different structures, and can sense parameters of temperature, strain, displacement and inclination angle.
As an optional technical solution, an erbium-doped fiber is added to the ultra-low loss fiber link, and is used to extend the distance and optical signal-to-noise ratio of the high-order random fiber laser sensor.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. the ultra-long-distance high-order random fiber laser provided by the invention utilizes the broadband reflector to provide front-end feedback for middle cascade random fiber laser, and the tail end fiber Bragg grating provides rear-end feedback for the high-order random fiber laser. Compared with the low-order random fiber laser, the high-order random fiber laser penetrates into the far end of the fiber more deeply along the power peak position of the fiber link, the cavity length of the random fiber laser can be prolonged, and the optical signal-to-noise ratio of the output spectrum of the high-order random fiber laser is improved;
2. the invention provides an ultra-long distance high-order random fiber laser based on an ultra-low loss fiber, which can reduce the transmission loss of pump light and cascade random fiber laser and improve the power of the random fiber laser reaching a fiber Bragg grating at the tail end of a fiber link by utilizing the characteristic that the ultra-low loss fiber has ultra-low transmission loss; the characteristic that the ultra-low loss optical fiber has a low Rayleigh scattering coefficient is utilized, so that the situation that the function of accumulated Rayleigh scattering replaces the function of the fiber Bragg grating at the tail end of the optical fiber link is avoided; the power peak position of the cascade random fiber laser can be further pushed to the far end of the fiber by utilizing the characteristic that the ultra-low loss fiber has low Raman gain. The effect of the three parameters is integrated, so that a high-order random fiber laser with longer distance and higher optical signal to noise ratio can be realized;
3. by utilizing the inherent temperature insensitivity characteristic of random fiber laser, the fiber Bragg grating at the tail end of the fiber link in the ultra-long-distance high-order random fiber laser structure based on the ultra-low loss fiber is replaced by the fiber Bragg grating arrays with different wavelengths packaged by different structures, so that long-distance multi-parameter multiplexing sensing can be realized, and a point type sensing technical means with ultra-long distance and high optical signal-to-noise ratio is provided for the application fields of power transmission line monitoring and the like.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an ultra-long distance high-order random fiber laser based on an ultra-low loss fiber;
FIG. 2 is an ultra-long distance six-order random laser output spectrum based on 175km long standard single mode fiber;
FIG. 3 is an ultra-long distance six-order random laser output spectrum based on 175km long low loss fiber;
FIG. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of an ultra-long distance high-order random fiber laser based on an ultra-low loss fiber and an erbium-doped fiber;
FIG. 5 is an ultra-long distance six-order random laser output spectrum based on 200km long ultra-low loss fiber in combination with erbium-doped fiber;
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a very long distance high order random fiber laser sensor based on ultra low loss fiber and erbium doped fiber;
FIG. 7 shows the laser strain sensing results of an ultra-long-distance six-order random optical fiber based on 200km long ultra-low loss optical fiber and erbium-doped optical fiber;
FIG. 8 is a schematic structural diagram of a narrow-band point-mode feedback ultra-long-distance high-order random fiber laser based on an ultra-low loss fiber;
FIG. 9 is a schematic structural diagram of a narrow-band point-mode feedback ultra-long-distance high-order random fiber laser based on an ultra-low loss fiber and an erbium-doped fiber;
reference numerals: 1-a pump laser; 2-wavelength division multiplexer a; 3-ultra low loss optical fiber; 4-fiber bragg grating; 5-wavelength division multiplexer B; 6-broadband mirror; 7-high-order random fiber laser output end; 8-erbium doped fiber; 9-a fiber bragg grating array; 10-first order feedback fiber bragg grating; 11-second order feedback fiber bragg grating; 12-third order feedback fiber bragg grating; 13-fourth order feedback fiber bragg grating; 14-fifth order feedback fiber bragg grating.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some, but not all, embodiments of the present invention. The components of embodiments of the present invention generally described and illustrated in the figures herein may be arranged and designed in a wide variety of different configurations.
Thus, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention, presented in the figures, is not intended to limit the scope of the invention, as claimed, but is merely representative of selected embodiments of the invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
The random Raman fiber laser can realize laser lasing under the combined action of stimulated Raman scattering gain and backward Rayleigh scattering feedback in pump laser and passive fiber. Although the intensity of the backward rayleigh scattering is weak, at longer fiber lengths the accumulated backward rayleigh scattering is sufficient to provide feedback for the generation of random fiber lasers. The fully-open-cavity random Raman fiber laser is characterized in that the laser structure has no point feedback, only depends on distributed random backward Rayleigh scattering feedback to generate random fiber laser, and the laser cavity length is not limited. For the semi-open cavity backward pumping random fiber laser, point type feedback is provided by a fiber Bragg grating at the tail end of an optical fiber link, random fiber laser lasing is realized by combining stimulated Raman scattering gain in passive fiber, and the laser wavelength is determined by the fiber Bragg grating. When the length of the passive optical fiber is too long, backward Rayleigh scattering light accumulated in the optical fiber replaces the fiber Bragg grating effect at the tail end of the optical fiber link, and the full-open-cavity random Raman fiber laser is changed. The high-order random fiber laser is generated by using short-wavelength pumping, and can be pushed to a far end along the power peak position of the fiber link. The ultra-low loss fiber with ultra-low transmission loss, low Rayleigh scattering coefficient and low Raman gain coefficient is further combined, the transmission loss of pumping and cascade random fiber laser can be reduced, the fiber entering power of the pumping light and the laser power reaching the fiber Bragg grating are improved, the Rayleigh scattering accumulation effect is reduced, the long distance of a high-order random fiber laser cavity is further prolonged, the optical signal-to-noise ratio of the cascade random fiber laser is improved, and the random fiber laser with longer distance is realized.
Because the random fiber laser has the temperature insensitivity characteristic, the fiber Bragg grating at the tail end of the fiber link can be used as a point type feedback and a sensing element, and the sensing of the ultra-long distance random fiber laser is realized. Different from a long-distance optical fiber Bragg grating sensing system for providing signal light based on a broadband light source, the random optical fiber laser sensor utilizes laser lasing wavelength for sensing, has higher spectral optical signal-to-noise ratio, and is more suitable for realizing long-distance and high-performance sensing monitoring.
The features and properties of the present invention are described in further detail below with reference to examples.
Example 1
The structure of the ultra-long-distance high-order random fiber laser based on the ultra-low loss fiber 3 is shown in fig. 1, wherein a pump laser 1 is injected into one end of the ultra-low loss fiber 3 through a transmission end transmission wavelength 1040 and 1100nm of a wavelength division multiplexer A2. The other end of the ultra-low loss optical fiber 3 is connected with an optical fiber Bragg grating 4 with the center wavelength of 1562nm and the reflectivity of 99 percent. The wavelength division multiplexer A2 is used for coupling the pump into the ultra-low loss fiber 3 and separating the one-to-six-order random fiber laser, and the reflection end thereof reflects the common end of the wavelength division multiplexer B5 with the wavelength of 1120-1700 nm. The transmission end transmission wavelength 1120-1480nm of the wavelength division multiplexer B5 is connected to a broadband reflector 6, and the broadband reflector 6 can provide front end type feedback for the first to fifth order random fiber laser. The reflection end reflection wavelength 1520-1700nm of the wavelength division multiplexer B5 is processed by beveling to prevent Fresnel reflection and is used for the laser output end 7 of the six-order random fiber.
When the transmission fiber is 175km long standard single-mode fiber, the laser output spectrum of the generated 1562nm six-order random fiber is as shown in figure 2, and the optical signal-to-noise ratio of the spectrum is 8.4 dB. When the transmission fiber is replaced by 175km long ultra-low loss fiber 3, the laser output spectrum of the generated 1562nm six-order random fiber is as shown in figure 3, and the optical signal-to-noise ratio of the spectrum is 28.6 dB. Comparing fig. 2 and fig. 3, it can be seen that the performance of the ultra-long-distance high-order random fiber laser can be significantly improved by using the ultra-low loss fiber 3.
Example 2
An ultra-long-distance high-order random fiber laser based on an ultra-low loss fiber 3 and an erbium-doped fiber 8 is shown in the attached figure 4. The laser body structure is the same as that of example 1, except that a section of erbium-doped fiber 8 is added in the middle of the ultra-low loss fiber 3 link. When a 1-micron waveband pump laser 1 is used as a pump and a section of 10-meter long erbium-doped fiber 8 is added at a position of 100km in a 200km long ultra-low loss fiber 3 link, the laser output spectrum of the generated 1562-nm six-order random fiber is shown in a figure 5. The optical signal-to-noise ratio of the output spectrum of the six-order random fiber laser is 25 dB. It can be seen that under the combined action of the high-order random fiber laser, the ultra-low loss fiber 3 and the erbium-doped fiber 8, the cavity length distance and the spectral signal-to-noise ratio of the random fiber laser can be remarkably improved.
Example 3
An ultra-long distance high-order random fiber laser sensor based on an ultra-low loss fiber 3 and an erbium-doped fiber 8 is shown in figure 6. The difference from the structure of embodiment 2 is that the fiber bragg grating 4 at the tail end of the optical fiber link is replaced by a fiber bragg grating array 9. The fiber bragg grating array 9 is composed of fiber bragg gratings of different wavelengths packaged in different structures. When a 1564nm strain sensitive fiber bragg grating is used, the strain starts at 0 μ e and the sensing results are shown in fig. 7 where the spacing 108 μ e increases to 540 μ e. It can be seen that the ultra-long distance high-order random fiber laser sensor based on the ultra-low loss fiber 3 and the erbium-doped fiber 8 can realize high signal-to-noise ratio sensing.
Example 4
The broadband reflector 6 in the ultra-long distance high-order random fiber laser based on the ultra-low loss fiber 3 can be replaced by an optical fiber Bragg grating of each order, and the structure is shown in the attached figure 8. 1090nm pump laser 1 is injected through the transmission end of the wavelength division multiplexer A2, and is output from the common end of the wavelength division multiplexer A2 to enter one end of the ultra-low loss optical fiber 3, and the other end of the ultra-low loss optical fiber 3 is connected with the fiber Bragg grating 4 with the central wavelength of 1562nm and the reflectivity of 99%. The reflection end of the wavelength division multiplexer A2 is sequentially connected with an 1145nm first-order feedback fiber Bragg grating 10, an 1210nm second-order feedback fiber Bragg grating 11, a 1280nm third-order feedback fiber Bragg grating 12, a 1365nm fourth-order feedback fiber Bragg grating 13 and a 1461nm fifth-order fiber Bragg grating 14, and sequentially provides front-end point type feedback for the first-order to fifth-order random fiber lasers. The output end of the five-order fiber Bragg grating 14 is processed by oblique angle and used as the output end 7 of the six-order random fiber laser.
Example 5
The structure of the ultra-long-distance high-order random fiber laser based on the ultra-low loss fiber 3 and the erbium-doped fiber 8 is shown in the attached figure 9. The main structure of the fiber is the same as that of the embodiment 4, except that an erbium-doped fiber 8 is added in the middle of the ultra-low loss fiber 3 for enhancing the laser power of the C-band random fiber, prolonging the long distance of the laser cavity and improving the spectral optical signal-to-noise ratio.
In summary, the ultra-long-distance high-order random fiber laser and the ultra-long-distance high-order random fiber sensor based on the ultra-low loss fiber can realize the ultra-long-distance fiber laser and the ultra-long-distance high-order random fiber sensor, and provide a novel high-performance technical means for long-distance fiber sensing application.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents and improvements made within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The ultra-long-distance high-order random fiber laser based on the ultra-low loss fiber is characterized by comprising a pump laser (1) of which the output end is connected with the transmission end of a wavelength division multiplexer A (2), wherein the common end of the wavelength division multiplexer A (2) is connected with one end of the ultra-low loss fiber (3), and the other end of the ultra-low loss fiber (3) is connected with a fiber Bragg grating (4); the reflection end of the wavelength division multiplexer A (2) is connected with the common end of the wavelength division multiplexer B (5), the transmission end of the wavelength division multiplexer B (5) is connected with the broadband reflector (6), and the reflection end of the wavelength division multiplexer B (5) is a high-order random optical fiber laser output end (7).
2. An ultra-long distance high order random fiber laser based on ultra-low loss fiber as claimed in claim 1, wherein the transmission loss of the ultra-low loss fiber (3) is less than or equal to 0.17 dB/km.
3. Ultra-long-distance high-order random fiber laser based on ultra-low-loss fiber according to claim 1, characterized in that the effective area of the ultra-low-loss fiber (3) is 75 μm 2 -150μm 2 。
4. The ultra-long distance higher order random fiber laser based on ultra-low loss fiber as claimed in claim 1, wherein the rayleigh scattering coefficient of the ultra-low loss fiber (3) is 0dB-5dB lower than that of standard single mode fiber.
5. An ultra-long distance higher order random fiber laser based on ultra-low loss fiber as claimed in claim 1, wherein the ultra-low loss fiber (3) has a raman gain coefficient 0dB-5dB lower than that of standard single mode fiber.
6. The ultra-long distance high order random fiber laser based on ultra-low loss fiber as claimed in claim 1, wherein erbium doped fiber (8) is added in the ultra-low loss fiber (3) link for extending the distance and optical signal-to-noise ratio of the high order random fiber laser.
7. An ultra-long distance higher order random fiber laser based on ultra-low loss fiber as claimed in claim 1, wherein the broadband mirror (6) is replaced by a series fiber bragg grating, each fiber bragg grating providing front end point type feedback for each order of random fiber laser respectively.
8. The ultra-long-distance high-order random optical fiber laser sensor based on the ultra-low loss optical fiber is characterized by comprising a pump laser (1) of which the output end is connected with the transmission end of a wavelength division multiplexer A (2), wherein the common end of the wavelength division multiplexer A (2) is connected with one end of the ultra-low loss optical fiber (3), and the other end of the ultra-low loss optical fiber (3) is connected with an optical fiber Bragg grating array (9); the reflection end of the wavelength division multiplexer A (2) is connected with the common end of the wavelength division multiplexer B (5), the transmission end of the wavelength division multiplexer B (5) is connected with the broadband reflector (6), and the reflection end of the wavelength division multiplexer B (5) is a high-order random optical fiber laser output end (7);
the optical fiber Bragg grating array (9) is used for sensing the change of the external environment parameters; and the high-order random optical fiber laser output end (7) is used for monitoring a sensing signal.
9. The ultra-long distance higher order random fiber laser sensor based on ultra-low loss fiber as claimed in claim 8, wherein the fiber bragg grating array (9) is composed of different wavelength fiber bragg gratings packaged by different structures, and can sense temperature, strain, displacement and inclination parameters.
10. The ultra-low loss fiber based ultra-long distance high-order random fiber laser sensor according to claim 8, wherein an erbium-doped fiber (8) is added in the ultra-low loss fiber (3) link for extending the high-order random fiber laser sensor distance and optical signal-to-noise ratio.
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| CN202210531901.8A CN114976838B (en) | 2022-05-16 | 2022-05-16 | Ultra-long distance high-order random fiber laser and sensor based on ultra-low loss fiber |
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| CN202210531901.8A CN114976838B (en) | 2022-05-16 | 2022-05-16 | Ultra-long distance high-order random fiber laser and sensor based on ultra-low loss fiber |
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