CN114921951A - 一种具有阻燃和超疏水性能的纺织品及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种具有阻燃和超疏水性能的纺织品及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明属于纺织技术领域,本发明提供了一种具有阻燃和超疏水性能的纺织品及其制备方法。该方法将棉织物在壳聚糖水溶液中浸泡,取出烘干后再放入阻燃剂水溶液中浸泡,取出烘干;交替浸渍壳聚糖水溶液与阻燃剂水溶液为1次,重复1~5次,得到阻燃棉织物;再利用钠米二氧化钛、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮、乙醇、正硅酸四乙酯、氨水和六甲基二硅胺烷制备复合纳米分散液;将阻燃棉织物在复合纳米分散液浸泡,取出烘干即得具有阻燃和超疏水性能的纺织品。本发明采用层层自组装法制备阻燃纺织品,过程环保、简单高效,适用于大规模生产。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及纺织技术领域,尤其涉及一种具有阻燃和超疏水性能的纺织品及其制备方法。
背景技术
在日常生活中,可燃材料所引发的火灾对人们的生命与财产安全造成了巨大的威胁,所以需要对这些可燃材料进行阻燃处理,从而降低火灾的隐患与风险。纺织品是日常生活中的必需品,而且绝大多数纺织品属于易燃物,具有潜在的火灾风险。对纺织品进行阻燃处理可预防火灾的发生,而且当发生火灾时,可减缓或者阻止火灾的蔓延,为人们的逃生提供充足的时间。因此,对纺织品进行阻燃整理具有重要意义。
随着社会的进步,对阻燃产品的需求越来越多功能化。不仅要求棉织物具有阻燃性,还要求其具有超疏水性能。在自然界中存在许多超疏水现象,通过对超疏水现象的研究发现,超疏水性能由材料表面的微观结构与低表面能物质共同决定。研究者通过在材料表面构筑微观粗糙结构与低表面能物质来获得超疏水材料,并将其广泛应用于自清洁、防覆冰、防腐蚀以及油水分离等领域。但是,至今尚未有成熟的理论研究和实际应用将疏水性能和阻燃性能同时应用于纺织品中。
因此,如何制备出一种具有阻燃性能和超疏水性能的纺织品成为了本领域技术人员亟需解决的问题。
发明内容
有鉴于此,本发明提供了一种具有阻燃和超疏水性能的纺织品及其制备方法。本发明的目的是解决现有纺织品不能同时具备疏水性能和阻燃性能等技术问题。
为了达到上述目的,本发明采用如下技术方案:
本发明提供了一种具有阻燃和超疏水性能的纺织品的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
S1、棉织物在壳聚糖水溶液中浸泡,取出烘干后再放入阻燃剂水溶液中浸泡,取出烘干;交替浸渍壳聚糖水溶液与阻燃剂水溶液为1次,重复1~5次,得到阻燃棉织物;
S2、将纳米二氧化钛、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮和乙醇混合后经超声分散得到分散液;
S3、将分散液、正硅酸四乙酯、氨水和乙醇混合后进行反应,得到反应物;
S4、反应物与六甲基二硅胺烷进行反应得到HMDS-TiO2/SiO2复合纳米分散液,并对HMDS-TiO2/SiO2复合纳米分散液进行陈化处理;
S5、将阻燃棉织物放入陈化处理后的HMDS-TiO2/SiO2复合纳米分散液中浸泡,取出烘干即得具有阻燃和超疏水性能的纺织品。
进一步的,所述步骤S1和步骤S5中浸泡的时间独立的为8~20min,浸泡的浴比独立的为1:40~60;烘干的温度独立的为70~100℃,烘干的时间独立的为40~80min。
进一步的,所述步骤S1中的壳聚糖水溶液的质量分数为0.25~1%,阻燃剂水溶液的质量分数为0.5~1.5%;
所述阻燃剂为磷酸二氢铵、聚磷酸铵或植酸。
进一步的,所述步骤S2中,纳米二氧化钛、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮和乙醇的质量体积比为0.15~0.75g:0.005~0.02g:40~60mL;所述超声分散的功率为300~400W,超声分散的时间为10~30min;所述纳米二氧化钛的粒径为60~150nm。
进一步的,所述步骤S3中,正硅酸四乙酯、氨水和乙醇的体积比为0.8~4:1~9:20~50;
所述反应的温度为35~65℃,时间为2~5h;
纳米二氧化钛与正硅酸四乙酯的物质的量比为1:1~3;
所述氨水的质量百分数为25~28%。
进一步的,所述步骤S4中,反应的温度为35~65℃,时间为1~3h;
纳米二氧化钛与六甲基二硅胺烷的质量体积比为0.15~0.75g:1.5~7.5mL;
所述陈化处理的时间为20~30h。
本发明还提供了上述制备方法所制备的具有阻燃和超疏水性能的纺织品。
经由上述的技术方案可知,与现有技术相比,本发明的有益效果如下:
在本发明中,所使用的磷酸二氢铵、聚磷酸铵是一种高效的无机氮磷系膨胀阻燃剂,具有无毒无味、生烟小、热稳定性高等优点;所使用的植酸是一种有机磷系阻燃剂,具有无毒无味、高热稳定性和高阻燃效率等优点;
本发明制备的具有阻燃和超疏水性能的纺织品,可防止水和其它污物对纺织品的沾污,减少洗涤次数,节省因洗涤而消耗的能源与资源,并延长纺织品的使用寿命;
本发明采用层层自组装法制备阻燃纺织品,过程环保、简单高效,工艺设备要求不高,可在纺织品表面构筑阻燃及多功能涂层,且适用于大规模生产;
本发明在阻燃纺织品的基础上制备阻燃超疏水纺织品,阻燃处理对纺织品的超疏水性能有很好的促进作用。
附图说明
图1为本发明实施例1制备的具有阻燃和超疏水性能的纺织品的水接触角测试图;
图2为本发明实施例1制备的具有阻燃和超疏水性能的纺织品垂直燃烧测试图;
图3为本发明对比例1制备的具有阻燃性能的纺织品与未整理纺织品的燃烧过程对比图。
具体实施方式
本发明提供了一种具有阻燃和超疏水性能的纺织品的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
S1、棉织物在壳聚糖水溶液中浸泡,取出烘干后再放入阻燃剂水溶液中浸泡,取出烘干;交替浸渍壳聚糖水溶液与阻燃剂水溶液为1次,重复1~5次,得到阻燃棉织物;
S2、将纳米二氧化钛、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮和乙醇混合后经超声分散得到分散液;
S3、将分散液、正硅酸四乙酯、氨水和乙醇混合后进行反应,得到反应物;
S4、反应物与六甲基二硅胺烷进行反应得到HMDS-TiO2/SiO2复合纳米分散液,并对HMDS-TiO2/SiO2复合纳米分散液进行陈化处理;
S5、将阻燃棉织物放入陈化处理后的HMDS-TiO2/SiO2复合纳米分散液中浸泡,取出烘干即得具有阻燃和超疏水性能的纺织品。
在本发明中,步骤S1中交替浸渍壳聚糖水溶液与阻燃剂水溶液为1次,重复1~5次,得到阻燃棉织物,优选为重复3~5次,进一步优选为重复5次。
在本发明中,所述步骤S1中浸泡的时间为8~20min,优选为10~15min,进一步优选10min;所述步骤S5中浸泡的时间为8~20min,优选为10~15min,进一步优选15min;浸泡的浴比独立的为1:40~60,优选为1:45~55,进一步优选为1:50;
烘干的温度独立的为70~100℃,优选为75~90℃,进一步优选为80℃;烘干的时间独立的为40~80min,优选为50~70min,进一步优选为60min。
在本发明中,所述步骤S1中的壳聚糖水溶液的质量分数为0.25~1%,优选为0.5~0.8%,进一步优选为0.75%;阻燃剂水溶液的质量分数为0.5~1.5%,优选为0.8~1.5%,进一步优选为1.5%;
所述阻燃剂为磷酸二氢铵、聚磷酸铵或植酸,优选为聚磷酸铵或植酸,进一步优选为聚磷酸铵。
在本发明中,所述步骤S2中,纳米二氧化钛、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮和乙醇的质量体积比为0.15~0.75g:0.005~0.02g:40~60mL,优选为0.3~0.75g:0.008~0.015g:45~58mL,进一步优选为0.75g:0.01g:50mL;
所述超声分散的功率为300~400W,优选为320~380W,进一步优选为360W;超声分散的时间为10~30min,优选为12~26min,进一步优选为20min;所述纳米二氧化钛的粒径为60~150nm,优选为70~140nm,进一步优选为80~120nm。
在本发明中,所述步骤S3中,正硅酸四乙酯、氨水和乙醇的体积比为0.8~4:1~9:20~50,优选为2~4:2~8:24~45,进一步优选为4:5:30;
所述反应的温度为35~65℃,优选为40~60℃,进一步优选为55℃;时间为2~5h,优选为3~4h,进一步优选为3.5h;
纳米二氧化钛与正硅酸四乙酯的物质的量比为1:1~3,优选为1:1.2~2.6,进一步优选为1:2;
所述氨水的质量百分数为25~28%。
在本发明中,所述步骤S4中,反应的温度为35~65℃,优选为40~60℃,进一步优选为55℃;时间为1~3h,优选为1.2~2.5h,进一步优选为1.5h;
纳米二氧化钛与六甲基二硅胺烷的质量体积比为0.15~0.75g:1.5~7.5mL,优选为0.3~0.75g:2.0~6.0mL,进一步优选为0.75g:6mL;
所述陈化处理的时间为20~30h,优选为22~28h,进一步优选为24h。
本发明还提供了上述制备方法所制备的具有阻燃和超疏水性能的纺织品。
下面将对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述,显然,所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例,而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例,本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例,都属于本发明保护的范围。
实施例1
将壳聚糖(CS)粉末与聚磷酸铵(APP)粉末分别配制成质量分数为0.75%(加乙酸调节pH至4)与1.5%的水溶液,备用;将棉织物(浴比1:50)浸入0.75%壳聚糖水溶液中,10min后取出,80℃烘干1h,然后再将其浸入聚磷酸铵水溶液,10min后取出,80℃烘干1h。交替浸渍壳聚糖溶液与聚磷酸铵溶液1次,记为1层,重复浸渍过程,使棉织物上CS/APP沉积层数达到5层,得到阻燃棉织物;
将0.75g纳米TiO2加入50ml无水乙醇中,再加入0.01g聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(PVP),超声波分散20min。然后加入4ml正硅酸四乙酯(TEOS)、30ml乙醇以及5mL氨水,在55℃条件下磁力搅拌反应3.5h,再加入6ml六甲基二硅胺烷(HMDS)继续反应1.5h,得到HMDS-TiO2/SiO2复合纳米分散液,并陈化处理24h;
将阻燃棉织物放入陈化处理后的HMDS-TiO2/SiO2复合纳米分散液中浸泡15min(浴比1:50),在80℃下烘干1h,得到具有阻燃和超疏水性能的纺织品。
图1为本实施例制备的具有阻燃和超疏水性能的纺织品的水接触角测试图,由图1可知,本发明制备的具有阻燃和超疏水性能的纺织品的接触角为152°,具有良好的超疏水性能。
图2为本实施例制备的具有阻燃和超疏水性能的纺织品垂直燃烧测试图,由图2可知,该纺织品的损毁长度为6.8cm,说明本发明制备的纺织品具有良好的阻燃性能。
实施例2
将壳聚糖(CS)粉末与聚磷酸铵(APP)粉末分别配制成质量分数为0.75%(加乙酸调节pH至4)与1.5%的水溶液,备用;将棉织物(浴比1:50)浸入0.75%壳聚糖水溶液中,10min后取出,80℃烘干1h,然后再将其浸入磷酸二氢铵水溶液,10min后取出,80℃烘干1h。交替浸渍壳聚糖溶液与聚磷酸铵溶液1次,记为1层,重复浸渍过程,使棉织物上CS/APP沉积层数达到5层,得到阻燃棉织物;
将0.75g纳米TiO2加入50ml无水乙醇中,再加入0.01g聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(PVP),超声波分散20min。然后加入4ml正硅酸四乙酯(TEOS)、30ml乙醇以及5mL氨水,在55℃条件下磁力搅拌反应3.5h,再加入3ml六甲基二硅胺烷(HMDS)继续反应1.5h,得到HMDS-TiO2/SiO2复合纳米分散液,并陈化处理24h;
将阻燃棉织物放入陈化处理后的HMDS-TiO2/SiO2复合纳米分散液中浸泡15min(浴比1:50),在80℃下烘干1h,得到具有阻燃和超疏水性能的纺织品。
实施例3
将壳聚糖(CS)粉末与聚磷酸铵(APP)粉末分别配制成质量分数为0.75%(加乙酸调节pH至4)与1.5%的水溶液,备用;将棉织物(浴比1:50)浸入0.75%壳聚糖水溶液中,10min后取出,80℃烘干1h,然后再将其浸入植酸水溶液,10min后取出,80℃烘干1h。交替浸渍壳聚糖溶液与聚磷酸铵溶液1次,记为1层,重复浸渍过程,使棉织物上CS/APP沉积层数达到5层,得到阻燃棉织物;
将0.6g纳米TiO2加入50ml无水乙醇中,再加入0.01g聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(PVP),超声波分散20min。然后加入3.2ml正硅酸四乙酯(TEOS)、30ml乙醇以及5mL氨水,在55℃条件下磁力搅拌反应3.5h,再加入4.5ml六甲基二硅胺烷(HMDS)继续反应1.5h,得到HMDS-TiO2/SiO2复合纳米分散液,并陈化处理24h;
将阻燃棉织物放入陈化处理后的HMDS-TiO2/SiO2复合纳米分散液中浸泡15min(浴比1:50),在80℃下烘干1h,得到具有阻燃和超疏水性能的纺织品。
实施例4
将壳聚糖(CS)粉末与聚磷酸铵(APP)粉末分别配制成质量分数为0.5%(加乙酸调节pH至4)与1.0%的水溶液,备用;将棉织物(浴比1:50)浸入0.75%壳聚糖水溶液中,10min后取出,80℃烘干1h,然后再将其浸入聚磷酸铵水溶液,10min后取出,80℃烘干1h。交替浸渍壳聚糖溶液与聚磷酸铵溶液1次,记为1层,重复浸渍过程,使棉织物上CS/APP沉积层数达到5层,得到阻燃棉织物;
将0.75g纳米TiO2加入50ml无水乙醇中,再加入0.01g聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(PVP),超声波分散20min。然后加入4ml正硅酸四乙酯(TEOS)、30ml乙醇以及5mL氨水,在55℃条件下磁力搅拌反应3.5h,再加入6ml六甲基二硅胺烷(HMDS)继续反应1.5h,得到HMDS-TiO2/SiO2复合纳米分散液,并陈化处理24h;
将阻燃棉织物放入陈化处理后的HMDS-TiO2/SiO2复合纳米分散液中浸泡15min(浴比1:50),在80℃下烘干1h,得到具有阻燃和超疏水性能的纺织品。
实施例5
将壳聚糖(CS)粉末与聚磷酸铵(APP)粉末分别配制成质量分数为0.75%(加乙酸调节pH至4)与1.5%的水溶液,备用;将棉织物(浴比1:50)浸入0.75%壳聚糖水溶液中,10min后取出,80℃烘干1h,然后再将其浸入聚磷酸铵水溶液,10min后取出,80℃烘干1h。交替浸渍壳聚糖溶液与聚磷酸铵溶液1次,记为1层,重复浸渍过程,使棉织物上CS/APP沉积层数达到五层,得到阻燃棉织物;
将0.45g纳米TiO2加入50ml无水乙醇中,再加入0.01g聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(PVP),超声波分散20min。然后加入2.4ml正硅酸四乙酯(TEOS)、30ml乙醇以及5mL氨水,在55℃条件下磁力搅拌反应3.5h,再加入4.5ml六甲基二硅胺烷(HMDS)继续反应1.5h,得到HMDS-TiO2/SiO2复合纳米分散液,并陈化处理24h;
将阻燃棉织物放入陈化处理后的HMDS-TiO2/SiO2复合纳米分散液中浸泡15min(浴比1:50),在80℃下烘干1h,得到具有阻燃和超疏水性能的纺织品。经测定,接触角的角度为139°。
对比例1
将壳聚糖(CS)粉末与聚磷酸铵(APP)粉末分别配制成质量分数为0.75%(加乙酸调节pH至4)与1.5%的水溶液,备用;将棉织物(浴比1:50)浸入0.75%壳聚糖水溶液中,10min后取出,80℃烘干1h,然后再将其浸入聚磷酸铵水溶液,10min后取出,80℃烘干1h。交替浸渍壳聚糖溶液与聚磷酸铵溶液1次,记为1层,重复浸渍过程,使棉织物上CS/APP沉积层数达到5层,得到阻燃棉织物。
经过测试可知,本对比例制备的阻燃棉织物的接触角为0,垂直燃烧法测试得到的损毁长度为5.7cm。与实施例1相比,阻燃棉织物经过超疏水处理后的阻燃性能变化较小。
图3为本对比例制备的具有阻燃性能的纺织品与未整理纺织品的燃烧过程对比图,由图3可得,经本发明的阻燃处理步骤得到的纺织品具有良好的阻燃性能,且超疏水处理几乎不影响纺织品的阻燃性,说明本发明的阻燃处理步骤赋予的阻燃性能具有稳定性。
对比例2
将0.45g纳米TiO2加入50ml无水乙醇中,再加入0.01g聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(PVP),超声波分散20min。然后加入2.4ml正硅酸四乙酯(TEOS)、30ml乙醇以及5mL氨水,在55℃条件下磁力搅拌反应3.5h,再加入4.5ml六甲基二硅胺烷(HMDS)继续反应1.5h,得到HMDS-TiO2/SiO2复合纳米分散液,并陈化处理24h;
将普通棉织物放入陈化处理后的HMDS-TiO2/SiO2复合纳米分散液中浸泡15min(浴比1:50),在80℃下烘干1h,得到具有超疏水性能的纺织品。
经过测试可知,本对比例得到具有超疏水性能的纺织品的接触角为109°,与实施例5相比可得,阻燃处理对纺织品的超疏水性能有很好的促进作用。
本说明书中各个实施例采用递进的方式描述,每个实施例重点说明的都是与其他实施例的不同之处,各个实施例之间相同相似部分互相参见即可。
对所公开的实施例的上述说明,使本领域专业技术人员能够实现或使用本发明。对这些实施例的多种修改对本领域的专业技术人员来说将是显而易见的,本文中所定义的一般原理可以在不脱离本发明的精神或范围的情况下,在其它实施例中实现。因此,本发明将不会被限制于本文所示的这些实施例,而是要符合与本文所公开的原理和新颖特点相一致的最宽的范围。
Claims (7)
1.一种具有阻燃和超疏水性能的纺织品的制备方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
S1、棉织物在壳聚糖水溶液中浸泡,取出烘干后再放入阻燃剂水溶液中浸泡,取出烘干;交替浸渍壳聚糖水溶液与阻燃剂水溶液为1次,重复1~5次,得到阻燃棉织物;
S2、将纳米二氧化钛、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮和乙醇混合后经超声分散得到分散液;
S3、将分散液、正硅酸四乙酯、氨水和乙醇混合后进行反应,得到反应物;
S4、反应物与六甲基二硅胺烷进行反应得到HMDS-TiO2/SiO2复合纳米分散液,并对HMDS-TiO2/SiO2复合纳米分散液进行陈化处理;
S5、将阻燃棉织物放入陈化处理后的HMDS-TiO2/SiO2复合纳米分散液中浸泡,取出烘干即得具有阻燃和超疏水性能的纺织品。
2.根据权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述步骤S1和步骤S5中浸泡的时间独立的为8~20min,浸泡的浴比独立的为1:40~60;烘干的温度独立的为70~100℃,烘干的时间独立的为40~80min。
3.根据权利要求2所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述步骤S1中的壳聚糖水溶液的质量分数为0.25~1%,阻燃剂水溶液的质量分数为0.5~1.5%;
所述阻燃剂为磷酸二氢铵、聚磷酸铵或植酸。
4.根据权利要求1~3任一项所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述步骤S2中,纳米二氧化钛、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮和乙醇的质量体积比为0.15~0.75g:0.005~0.02g:40~60mL;所述超声分散的功率为300~400W,超声分散的时间为10~30min;所述纳米二氧化钛的粒径为60~150nm。
5.根据权利要求1~3任一项所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述步骤S3中,正硅酸四乙酯、氨水和乙醇的体积比为0.8~4:1~9:20~50;
所述反应的温度为35~65℃,时间为2~5h;
纳米二氧化钛与正硅酸四乙酯的物质的量比为1:1~3;
所述氨水的质量百分数为25~28%。
6.根据权利要求4所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述步骤S4中,反应的温度为35~65℃,时间为1~3h;
纳米二氧化钛与六甲基二硅胺烷的质量体积比为0.15~0.75g:1.5~7.5mL;
所述陈化处理的时间为20~30h。
7.权利要求1~6任一项所述制备方法所制备的具有阻燃和超疏水性能的纺织品。
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