CN114921369B - 一株产蛋白酶的菌株及其应用 - Google Patents
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Abstract
一株产蛋白酶的菌株及其应用,涉及产蛋白酶的菌株及其应用。本发明产蛋白酶的菌株为纺锤形赖氨酸芽孢杆菌(Lysinibacillus fusiformis)XCR‑3,保藏在中国微生物菌种保藏管理委员会普通微生物中心,保藏号为CGMCC No.24196。本发明上述产蛋白酶的菌株在鱼类养殖中的用途。本发明纺锤形赖氨酸芽孢杆菌(Lysinibacillus fusiformis)XCR‑3可用于鱼类养殖,能够显著提升饲料的利用率,提高增重率。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及产蛋白酶的菌株及其应用。
背景技术
目前文献报道的具有产蛋白酶的细菌有芽孢杆菌属(Bacillus)、假单胞菌属(Pseudomonas)、变形杆菌属(Proteus)、梭状芽孢杆菌属(Clostridium)、小球菌属(Micrococcus)、葡萄球菌属(Staphylococcus)、八叠球菌属(Sporosarcina)、无色杆菌属(Achromobacter)、产碱杆菌属(Alcaligenes)、黄杆菌属(Flavobacterium)、赛氏杆菌属(Serratia)、肠细菌属(Enterobacter)以及埃希氏杆菌属(Esche richia)等。但尚未有赖氨酸芽孢杆菌产蛋白酶的报道。
发明内容
本发明提供了一株产蛋白酶的菌株及其应用。
本发明产蛋白酶的菌株为纺锤形赖氨酸芽孢杆菌(Lysinibacillus fusiformis)XCR-3,保藏在中国微生物菌种保藏管理委员会普通微生物中心,保藏号为CGMCCNo.24196。
本发明上述产蛋白酶的菌株在鱼类养殖中的用途。
本发明纺锤形赖氨酸芽孢杆菌(Lysinibacillus fusiformis)XCR-3菌落为圆形,无色透明状,边缘整齐,中间突起,呈黏性,经革兰氏染色为革兰氏阳性菌。在37℃培养环境中DDP-IV抑制剂产率高达64.86%;在37℃条件下本发明纺锤形赖氨酸芽孢杆菌(Lysinibacillus fusiformis)XCR-3在胆盐浓度为0.6%的环境中存活率仍保持为85%。
本发明纺锤形赖氨酸芽孢杆菌(Lysinibacillus fusiformis)XCR-3可用于鱼类养殖,能够显著提升饲料的利用率,提高增重率。
纺锤形赖氨酸芽孢杆菌(Lysinibacillus fusiformis)XCR-3为纺锤形赖氨酸芽孢杆菌,属于赖氨酸芽孢杆菌属(Lysinibacillus);保藏在中国微生物菌种保藏管理委员会普通微生物中心(CGMCC),保藏地址是北京市朝阳区北辰西路1号院3号,中国科学院微生物研究所,保藏编号为CGMCC No.24196,保藏日期为2021年12月27日。
附图说明
图1是具体实施方式一中梯度稀释的菌株在2%脱脂奶粉培养基上的乳蛋白水解圈照片;
图2是由具体实施方式一中蛋白酶活力最高的菌株XCR-3构建的系统发育树。
具体实施方式
下面将结合本发明实施例中的附图,对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述,显然,所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例,而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例,本领域普通技术人员在没有作出创造性劳动的前提下所获得的所有其他实施例,都属于本发明保护的范围。
需要说明的是,在不冲突的情况下,本发明中的实施例及实施例中的特征可以相互组合。
具体实施方式一:本实施方式产蛋白酶的菌株为纺锤形赖氨酸芽孢杆菌(Lysinibacillusfusiformis)XCR-3,保藏在中国微生物菌种保藏管理委员会普通微生物中心,保藏号为CGMCC No.24196。
2021年9月,选取黑龙江省鸡西市密山市兴凯湖区养殖的鲤,将鲤肠道内含物置于含玻璃珠和50mL无菌水的锥形瓶中,以180r/min的转速室温振荡30min,再进行梯度稀释,将10-3、10-4、10-5梯度取100μL涂布于2%脱脂奶粉培养基平板上,每个梯度重复3次,置于28℃培养24~48h。采用乳蛋白水解圈的方法进行筛选,挑取产生透明圈的菌株进行纯化。然后,对菌株进行蛋白酶活性的检测,采用Folin酚法:(1)将细菌分离物接种到产蛋白酶细菌发酵培养基中,置于37℃恒温摇床以180r/min转速震荡培养48h;(2)将发酵液于40℃的水浴锅中预热2min。吸取预热好过的发酵液1mL于试管,加入同样预热的2%酪蛋白溶液1mL,精确保温10min;(3)立即加入0.4mol三氯乙酸2mL,终止反应;(4)继续水浴20min,使残余蛋白质充分沉淀后,以10000r/min的转速离心5min。对照在加入酪蛋白溶液前加入三氯乙酸进行灭活;(5)取上清1mL,加入0.4mol/L的Na2CO3 5mL,福林试剂1mL,震荡摇匀,40℃保温发色20min后测在波长660nm处的吸光值。(6)根据酪氨酸标准曲线,计算蛋白酶活力。在此反应条件下定义:每1min生成1μg酪氨酸所需酶量定义为一个酶活(U)。
挑选蛋白酶活力最高的菌株(XCR-3,XCR-3的蛋白酶活力高达107U)进行鉴定:
菌株XCR-3的16S rRNA鉴定:采用北京索莱宝生物科技公司的细菌基因组DNA提取试剂盒,提取分离纯化后的菌株DNA。采用细菌通用引物27F/1492R进行PCR扩增,PCR扩增体系为25μL体系:10×缓冲液2.5μL、Taq酶0.5μL、dNTPs 2μL、引物27F 0.5μL、引物1492R0.5μL、DNA模板1μL、ddH2O 18μL。PCR扩增反应程序设定为:95℃预变性5min;94℃变性50s、56℃退火30s、72℃延伸1.5min,循环次数30次;72℃再延伸10min,4℃保存。将PCR扩增产物送往RuiBiotech公司测序,菌株XCR-3的16S rRNA与纺锤形赖氨酸芽孢杆菌(Lysinibacillusfusiformis)(FN433012.1)相似度为99%。通过NCBI数据库比对菌株16SrRNA的测序结果,并构建系统进化树(如图2所示)。由图2菌株XCR-3的系统发育树可以看出菌株XCR-3与纺锤形赖氨酸芽孢杆菌(Lysinibacillus fusiformis)(FN433012.1)同处最小的一个分支,进化距离较近。
菌株XCR-3的生理生化鉴定:将菌株XCR-3在固体LB培养基平板上三区划线,分离出单菌落并对其形态进行描述,根据《常用细菌系统鉴定手册》对菌株进行革兰氏染色以及生理生化鉴定。菌株XCR-3菌落为圆形,无色透明状,边缘整齐,中间突起,呈黏性,经革兰氏染色为革兰氏阳性菌。菌株XCR-3的部分生理生化指标如表1所示。
表1
菌株XCR-3与纺锤形赖氨酸芽孢杆菌(Lysinibacillus fusiformis)模式种的生理生化具有相同特征,由各项生理生化以及16S rRNA鉴定结果,确定菌株XCR-3为赖氨酸芽孢杆菌(Lysinibacillus fusiformis),将其命名为纺锤形赖氨酸芽孢杆菌(Lysinibacillus fusiformis)XCR-3。
将纯化的纺锤形赖氨酸芽孢杆菌(Lysinibacillus fusiformis)XCR-3接种于96孔板,每孔准确滴加25μL、1.6mmol/L的甘氨酰-脯氨酰-对硝基苯胺和25μL的CFS或CFE;在37℃下反应15min,再加入50μL、0.01U/mL的DDP-IV,在37℃继续反应1h,之后再加入100μL、1mol/L的醋酸钠缓冲溶液(pH=4.0)终止反应,使用酶标仪在405nm处检测反应溶液的吸光值,获取菌株DDP-IV抑制率。
其中,DDP-IV抑制率计算公式为:
A待测样品:25μL样品+25μLGly-pro-phy+50μLDDP-IV+100μL醋酸钠;
A样品空白:25μL样品+50μLTris-HCl+25μLGly-pro-phy+100μL醋酸钠;
A阴性对照:25μLTris-HCl+25μLGly-pro-phy+50μLDDP-IV+100μL醋酸钠;
A阴性空白:75μLTris-HCl+25μLGly-pro-phy+100μL醋酸钠。
纺锤形赖氨酸芽孢杆菌(Lysinibacillus fusiformis)XCR-3的DDP-IV抑制剂产率高达64.86%)。
具体实施方式二:本实施方式配制纺锤形赖氨酸芽孢杆菌(Lysinibacillusfusiformis)XCR-3菌液。
黄豆芽500g加水100mL,煮沸1h,过滤后补足水分,121℃湿热灭菌后存放备用,此即质量分数为50%的豆芽汁。
纺锤形赖氨酸芽孢杆菌(Lysinibacillus fusiformis)XCR-3菌液培养基由1000mL质量分数为10%豆芽汁、15g葡萄糖、2.0g氯化铵和0.5g磷酸二氢钾组成。
以0.2%的接种量将纺锤形赖氨酸芽孢杆菌(Lysinibacillus fusiformis)XCR-3种子液接种于纺锤形赖氨酸芽孢杆菌(Lysinibacillus fusiformis)XCR-3菌液培养基,37℃、180r/min、培养24h,纺锤形赖氨酸芽孢杆菌(Lysinibacillus fusiformis)XCR-3菌液的活菌数达到6.13×108cfu/mL,(而种子液中活菌数为4.88×108cfu/mL)。
实施例1
纺锤形赖氨酸芽孢杆菌(Lysinibacillus fusiformis)XCR-3耐酸实验:
配制MRS和LB液体培养基并用0.1mol/L盐酸调节液体培养基pH值分别为2.0、3.0、4.0,再以2%的接种量将纺锤形赖氨酸芽孢杆菌(Lysinibacillus fusiformis)XCR-3菌液(菌液活菌数6.13×108cfu/mL)分别接种于上述液体培养基中,并设置不加盐酸的培养基作为对照。37℃培养3h,之后活菌计数。选择合适的稀释度,吸取100μL液体涂布平板,每个稀释度两个平板,在超净台内吹干。
存活率=酸调节培养液的活菌数/不加盐酸培养液的活菌数×100%。
纺锤形赖氨酸芽孢杆菌(Lysinibacillus fusiformis)XCR-3耐酸实验结果如表2所示。说明纺锤形赖氨酸芽孢杆菌(Lysinibacillus fusiformis)XCR-3具有优异的耐酸性。
表2
实施例2
纺锤形赖氨酸芽孢杆菌(Lysinibacillus fusiformis)XCR-3耐胆盐实验:
将纺锤形赖氨酸芽孢杆菌(Lysinibacillus fusiformis)XCR-3菌液(菌液活菌数6.13×108cfu/mL)以2%的接种量分别接种于不同胆盐浓度0.2%、0.4%、0.6%的液体培养基中,设置无胆盐培养基做对照,37℃培养4h,之后活菌计数。每个稀释度两个平板,在超净台内吹干。
存活率=胆盐培养液的活菌数/不加胆盐培养液的活菌数×100%。
纺锤形赖氨酸芽孢杆菌(Lysinibacillus fusiformis)XCR-3耐胆盐实验结果如表3所示。说明纺锤形赖氨酸芽孢杆菌(Lysinibacillus fusiformis)XCR-3具有优异的耐胆盐性能。
表3
实施例3
鲤(Cyprinus carpio)即便在空腹状态下,胰岛素含量也要远高于陆生哺乳动物。养殖试验在中国水产科学院黑龙江水产研究所实验室循环水池内进行,试验所用的鲤购于辽宁省丹东市景波养殖场。选取当年繁殖的初始体重为66g左右的鲤200尾,于4.3m×1.5m×1.2m的水泥池中暂养1周以适应试验环境,暂养期间投喂对照组饲料(通威181锦鲤鱼饲料)。暂养后选取体重相近、活力较好、体表无伤的鲤120尾,随机分为2组(对照组和试验组),每组3个平行,每个平行20尾置于6个1.3m×0.8m×0.7m的循环水饲养箱中,水体覆盖饲养箱80%以上,以曝气24h以上的自来水作为试验水体,试验期间采用气石24h充气,每日08:00和16:00投喂,试验组投喂混有纺锤形赖氨酸芽孢杆菌(Lysinibacillusfusiformis)XCR-3菌液的对照组饲料(饲料:XCR-3菌液比为1:0.18),对照组投喂对照组饲料;投喂每日2次,表观饱食,每日吸底1次、换水1次,换水量约为1/2,试验期间水温(23±1)℃,溶氧为(6±0.5)mg/L,pH为(7.1±0.5),养殖周期为6周(42天)。取样前,试验鱼停食24h,放入冰水中冷休克,称重测量体长、体重,剥离内脏和肠系膜脂肪并称重,计算其生长指标。
特定生长率(SGR,%/d)=100×(ln终末体质量-ln初始体质量)/42
增重率(WGR,%)=100×(平均终末体质量-平均初始体质量)/平均初始体质量
饲料系数(FCR)=平均投饵量/(终末平均体质量-初始平均体质量)
肥满度(CF,g/cm3)=100×终末体质量/体长3
成活率(SR,%)=100×(终末个体数/初始个体数)
肠脂比(ISI,%)=100×肠脂质量/体质量
脏体比(VSI,%)=100×内脏团质量/体质量
试验组和鲤的成活率在各组间均无显著差异(P>0.05)。试验组饲料系数低于对照组,其余各项指标均有一定程度的升高(如表4所示),说明纺锤形赖氨酸芽孢杆菌(Lysinibacillus fusiformis)XCR-3可以显著提升饲料的利用率。
表4
在饲料中加入蛋白酶之后,既可以将大分子蛋白质水解成蛋白胨、多肽及游离氨基酸等可被肠道吸收的小分子物质,还能够降解ANF,优化动物的消化机能,提升饲料的可利用性。尤其是在幼龄动物中,因为其消化体系尚未完善,对于豆粕、花生粕等植物蛋白源中的大分子蛋白质不能很好的利用,因而蛋白酶的添加效果更为明显。因此,分析认为纺锤形赖氨酸芽孢杆菌(Lysinibacillus fusiformis)XCR-3能起到提升饲料中蛋白质利用率的作用。
伴随水产行业的迅速崛起,对饲料的需要量日益增多,但是由于鱼粉资源短缺,导致其价格随之上涨,因此饲料成本随之增加,所以往往会在饲料中添加一些廉价的植物蛋白来替代部分鱼粉。鱼类对植物蛋白的分解能力十分有限,从而导致饲料的浪费且不利于鱼体健康,本发明纺锤形赖氨酸芽孢杆菌(Lysinibacillus fusiformis)XCR-3加入投喂饲料,促进能产生大量的蛋白酶,从而提高了鱼类对蛋白质的分解能力,提高了饲料的利用率。
Claims (2)
1.一株产蛋白酶的菌株,其为纺锤形赖氨酸芽孢杆菌(Lysinibacillus fusiformis)XCR-3,保藏在中国微生物菌种保藏管理委员会普通微生物中心,保藏号为CGMCCNo.24196。
2.如权利要求1所述的产蛋白酶的菌株在鱼类养殖中的用途。
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