CN114908773B - Slope ecological restoration method and system for surface mine and tailing pond - Google Patents

Slope ecological restoration method and system for surface mine and tailing pond Download PDF

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Publication number
CN114908773B
CN114908773B CN202210411901.4A CN202210411901A CN114908773B CN 114908773 B CN114908773 B CN 114908773B CN 202210411901 A CN202210411901 A CN 202210411901A CN 114908773 B CN114908773 B CN 114908773B
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planting
soil
upper layer
cultivated
slope
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CN114908773A (en
Inventor
吕志峰
任守国
张建平
刘欢
毕青昆
江新闯
赵宝亮
刘鹏
艾欣
徐柳青
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Zhongye Northwest Engineering Technology Co ltd
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Zhongye Northwest Engineering Technology Co ltd
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D17/00—Excavations; Bordering of excavations; Making embankments
    • E02D17/20—Securing of slopes or inclines
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
    • A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G25/00—Watering gardens, fields, sports grounds or the like
    • A01G25/06—Watering arrangements making use of perforated pipe-lines located in the soil
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E03—WATER SUPPLY; SEWERAGE
    • E03F—SEWERS; CESSPOOLS
    • E03F3/00—Sewer pipe-line systems
    • E03F3/04—Pipes or fittings specially adapted to sewers
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E03—WATER SUPPLY; SEWERAGE
    • E03F—SEWERS; CESSPOOLS
    • E03F3/00—Sewer pipe-line systems
    • E03F3/04—Pipes or fittings specially adapted to sewers
    • E03F3/046—Open sewage channels
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
    • Y02P60/20—Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions in agriculture, e.g. CO2

Abstract

The invention relates to a slope ecological restoration method and a system for an open mine and a tailing pond, wherein the method comprises the following steps: s1: constructing a catwalk extending downwards from the top spiral to the bottom on a side slope to be repaired, and separating an upper layer of catwalk from a lower layer of catwalk through the side slope; s2: building a planting ladder on the catwalk; s3: constructing a plurality of drainage ditches extending to the bottom from the top of the side slope, wherein the drainage ditches divide the planting steps into a plurality of drainage ditches; s4: a water interception ditch is arranged between each planting step and the slope toe of the slope, and the water interception ditch is communicated with the drainage ditch; s5: drip irrigation pipes are buried in the planting steps, and plants are planted on the planting steps. According to the invention, water loss can be reduced through the arrangement of the intercepting ditches and the drainage ditches, and soil loss can be reduced through arranging the planting steps on the sidewalk extending downwards in a spiral manner, so that labor and financial investment in later maintenance is reduced.

Description

Slope ecological restoration method and system for surface mine and tailing pond
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of mine treatment, and particularly relates to a side slope ecological restoration method for an open-pit mine and a tailing pond, and a side slope ecological restoration system for the open-pit mine and the tailing pond.
Background
Up to 2018, china has 80600 abandoned mines which are mined in the open air, and perennial mining can cause safety problems and ecological environment problems. According to the national green mine construction requirements, a plurality of green mine construction schemes related to the export of provincial cities are required to gradually leave the market by law by the end of 2025, wherein the mine enterprises do not meet the green mine construction standard.
At present, few methods and devices for ecologically repairing slopes of mines and tailing ponds in arid areas are provided, only a few related patents mainly surround the slopes, the repairing targets are single, the repairing effect is not comprehensive, and more manpower and financial resources are still needed to be input in the later period.
For arid areas, in the ecological restoration process of surface mines and tailing ponds, advanced irrigation technology can improve vegetation growth efficiency (promote root system growth), reduce water and soil loss, reasonable vegetation collocation and layout modes can also reduce manpower and financial resources investment, and reduce maintenance difficulty.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve all or part of the problems, the invention aims to provide a slope ecological restoration method and a system for an open-pit mine and a tailing pond, which are characterized in that spiral descending type horse ways are arranged, slopes are arranged between adjacent horse ways, and water interception ditches are arranged between the slope feet and the horse ways, so that the absorption of plants to moisture and nutrient elements is improved, the survival rate of the plants is improved, the water and soil loss is reduced, and the labor and financial investment in later maintenance is reduced.
According to a first aspect of the invention, there is provided a method of ecological restoration of a side slope of a surface mine and a tailings pond, comprising the steps of:
s1: constructing a catwalk extending downwards from the top spiral to the bottom on a side slope to be repaired, and separating an upper layer of catwalk from a lower layer of catwalk through the side slope;
s2: building a planting ladder on the catwalk;
s3: constructing a plurality of drainage ditches extending to the bottom from the top of the side slope, wherein the drainage ditches divide the planting steps into a plurality of drainage ditches;
s4: a water interception ditch is arranged between each planting step and the slope toe of the slope, and the water interception ditch is communicated with the drainage ditch;
s5: drip irrigation pipes are buried in the planting steps, and plants are planted on the planting steps.
Further, in step S1, the width of the catwalk is 6-8 m, the width of the side slope between the upper catwalk and the lower catwalk is 6-8 m, and the gradient of the side slope is less than 45 degrees.
Further, the planting steps in the step S2 are composed of upper layer planting soil and lower layer planting soil, six sides of the upper layer planting soil are covered with first partition boards, the top surface and four sides of the lower layer planting soil are covered with second partition boards, a water flowing port is formed in the first partition board, close to one side of the intercepting ditch, of the upper layer planting soil, and planting holes are formed in the first partition board at the top of the upper layer planting soil.
Furthermore, the first partition boards of the four sides of the upper layer of cultivated and planted soil and the second partition boards of the four sides of the lower layer of cultivated and planted soil are partially transparent, and the first partition boards of the bottom of the upper layer of cultivated and planted soil and the second partition boards of the top of the lower layer of cultivated and planted soil are waterproof plates.
Further, the width of the planting step is 2-3 m, the length is 8-10 m, the thickness of the upper layer of cultivated planting soil and the thickness of the lower layer of cultivated planting soil are both 30 cm, and the width of the lower layer of cultivated planting soil is 20 cm wider than that of the upper layer of cultivated planting soil.
Further, in the step S3, the drainage ditch has an inverted trapezoid structure with an upper bottom width of 30 cm and a lower bottom width of 20 cm.
Further, in the step S4, the intercepting ditch has an inverted trapezoid structure with the upper bottom width of 50 cm and the lower bottom width of 30 cm.
According to a second aspect of the invention, there is provided a slope ecological restoration system for an open-pit mine and a tailing pond, comprising a catwalk arranged on the slope, wherein the catwalk extends downwards from the top of the slope to the bottom of the slope in a spiral manner, an upper layer of catwalk and a lower layer of catwalk are separated by the slope, a planting ladder is arranged on the catwalk, a plurality of drainage ditches extending from the top to the bottom are arranged on the slope, the drainage ditches divide the planting ladder into a plurality of drainage ditches, a water interception ditch is arranged between each planting ladder and the slope toe of the slope above the planting ladder, the water interception ditches are communicated with the drainage ditches, drip irrigation pipes are buried in each planting ladder, and the planting ladder is used for planting plants.
Further, the planting ladder comprises upper layer cultivation planting soil and lower layer cultivation planting soil, six sides of the upper layer cultivation planting soil are covered with first partition boards, the top surface and four sides of the lower layer cultivation planting soil are covered with second partition boards, a water flowing port is formed in the first partition board, which is close to one side of the intercepting ditch, of the upper layer cultivation planting soil, and planting holes are formed in the first partition board at the top of the upper layer cultivation planting soil.
Furthermore, the first partition boards of the four sides of the upper layer of cultivated and planted soil and the second partition boards of the four sides of the lower layer of cultivated and planted soil are partially transparent, and the first partition boards of the bottom of the upper layer of cultivated and planted soil and the second partition boards of the top of the lower layer of cultivated and planted soil are waterproof plates.
According to the technical scheme, the slope ecological restoration method and system for the surface mine and the tailing pond have the following beneficial effects:
according to the invention, water loss can be reduced through the arrangement of the intercepting ditches and the drainage ditches, and soil loss can be reduced through arranging the planting steps on the sidewalk extending downwards in a spiral manner, so that labor and financial investment in later maintenance is reduced;
the invention can improve the absorption of water and nutrient elements by plants through intercepting water and soil layer by layer, and improve the survival rate of plants.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a plan view of a slope ecological restoration system for a surface mine and a tailings pond according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a slope ecological restoration system for surface mines and tailings ponds according to an embodiment of the present invention;
the reference numerals in the drawings are: slope 1, planting ladder 2, horse way 3, escape canal 4, drip irrigation pipe 5, intercepting ditch 6, upper layer cultivation soil 21, lower layer cultivation soil 22.
Detailed Description
In order to better understand the purposes, structures and functions of the invention, the method and the system for ecologically restoring the side slopes of the surface mine and the tailing pond are described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
The invention discloses a slope ecological restoration method for an open mine and a tailing pond, which comprises the following steps:
s1: constructing a catwalk extending downwards from the top spiral to the bottom on a side slope to be repaired, and separating an upper layer of catwalk from a lower layer of catwalk through the side slope;
s2: building a planting ladder on the catwalk;
s3: constructing a plurality of drainage ditches extending to the bottom from the top of the side slope, wherein the drainage ditches divide the planting steps into a plurality of drainage ditches;
s4: a water interception ditch is arranged between each planting step and the slope toe of the slope, and the water interception ditch is communicated with the drainage ditch;
s5: drip irrigation pipes are buried in the planting steps, and plants are planted on the planting steps.
Based on the above embodiment, in step S1, the width of the catwalk is 6-8 meters, and the width of the side slope between the upper catwalk and the lower catwalk is 6-8 meters, and the gradient of the side slope is less than 45 degrees.
On the basis of the above embodiment, the step S2 is formed by upper layer cultivation soil and lower layer cultivation soil, six sides of the upper layer cultivation soil are covered with first partition boards, the first partition boards are covered on six sides of the upper layer cultivation soil, water loss of the upper layer cultivation soil can be reduced, the top surface and four sides of the lower layer cultivation soil are covered with second partition boards, water loss of the lower layer cultivation soil can be reduced by the arrangement of the second partition boards, the bottom surface of the lower layer cultivation soil is connected with the soil of a horse road, the first partition boards on the side, close to a cut-off ditch, of the upper layer cultivation soil are provided with water flow ports, redundant water in the upper layer cultivation soil can flow into the cut-off ditch through the water flow ports, planting holes are formed in the first partition boards on the top of the upper layer cultivation soil, the planting holes are used for planting plants, the planting holes are spaced by about 1 meter, the second partition boards can be used for enabling rainwater to flow into the upper layer cultivation soil in a rainy day, roots gradually grow downwards along with time, the first partition boards are connected with the second partition boards, the bottom of the upper layer cultivation soil can be continuously planted on the upper layer cultivation soil, and the bottom of the upper layer cultivation soil is continuously planted on the first partition boards, and the bottom of the upper layer cultivation soil is continuously planted on the bottom of the upper layer cultivation soil is reached.
On the basis of the embodiment, the first partition boards of the four sides of the upper layer cultivation soil and the second partition boards of the four sides of the lower layer cultivation soil are partially transparent, the partially transparent part of the position is in a form of alternately connecting a transparent strip and an opaque strip, the partially transparent part is convenient to observe the growth condition of a root system and the moisture degree of soil, the first partition boards of the bottom of the upper layer cultivation soil and the second partition boards of the top of the lower layer cultivation soil are waterproof plates, and water can be reserved in the upper layer cultivation soil by the arrangement of the waterproof plates for plant absorption.
On the basis of the embodiment, the width of the planting step is 2-3 m, the length is 8-10 m, the thickness of the upper layer of cultivated planting soil and the thickness of the lower layer of cultivated planting soil are both 30 cm, the lower layer of cultivated planting soil is 20 cm wider than the upper layer of cultivated planting soil, and when plants are planted, the burial depth of roots of the plants is about 20 cm, so that the roots are about 10 cm away from a partition plate at the bottom of the upper layer of cultivated planting soil.
Based on the above embodiment, the drainage ditch in step S3 has an inverted trapezoid structure with a width of 30 cm at the upper bottom and 20 cm at the lower bottom.
Based on the above embodiment, the intercepting ditch in step S4 has an inverted trapezoid structure with a width of 50 cm at the upper bottom and 30 cm at the lower bottom, and according to the foregoing, both the left and right ends of the intercepting ditch are connected with the drainage ditch, the front end of the intercepting ditch is connected with the planting ladder, and the rear end of the intercepting ditch is connected with the slope toe of the slope.
In addition, as shown in fig. 1-2, it shows a slope ecological restoration system of surface mine and tailing pond, including setting up the catwalk 3 on side slope 1, catwalk 3 is followed the top spiral downwardly extending of side slope 1 and is to the bottom of side slope 1, and separates through side slope 1 between two-layer catwalk 3 from top, be equipped with on the catwalk 3 and plant ladder 2, be provided with a plurality of escape canal 4 that extend to the bottom from the top on side slope 1, escape canal 4 divide into a plurality of with planting ladder 2, every be provided with between the toe of planting ladder 2 and its top side slope 1 intercepting drain 6 with escape canal 4 intercommunication, every all buries in the planting ladder 2 and is equipped with drip irrigation pipe 5, planting ladder 2 is used for planting the plant.
On the basis of the above embodiment, the planting step 2 in this embodiment includes an upper layer of planting soil 21 and a lower layer of planting soil 22, six sides of the upper layer of planting soil 21 are covered with a first partition board, top surfaces and four sides of the lower layer of planting soil 22 are covered with a second partition board, a water flowing port is formed in the first partition board of the upper layer of planting soil 21, which is close to one side of the intercepting ditch 6, and planting holes are formed in the first partition board of the top of the upper layer of planting soil 21.
On the basis of the above embodiment, in this embodiment, the first partition plates on the four sides of the upper layer of cultivated and planted soil 21 and the second partition plates on the four sides of the lower layer of cultivated and planted soil 22 are both partially transparent, and the first partition plates on the bottom of the upper layer of cultivated and planted soil 21 and the second partition plates on the top of the lower layer of cultivated and planted soil 22 are waterproof plates.
In order to facilitate understanding of the object of the present invention, which is a slope ecological restoration method and system for surface mines and tailings ponds, the present invention is described in detail below.
In the embodiment of the invention, the catwalk extends downwards from the top spiral of the side slope to the bottom (slightly inclined downwards than the horizontal direction), and the catwalk is 6-8 m wide; the slope between the upper and lower layers of the horse ways is 6-8 m long and the gradient is less than 45 degrees; the planting steps are arranged on the catwalk and also extend downwards along with the spiral of the catwalk, the planting steps are 2-3 meters wide and are separated by a drainage ditch, the length of each planting step is 8-10 meters, each planting step consists of an upper layer of cultivation soil and a lower layer of cultivation soil, the thickness of each upper layer of cultivation soil is 30 cm, and each lower layer of cultivation soil is 20 cm wider than that of each upper layer of cultivation soil; a water interception ditch is reserved between the planting steps and the slope feet of the side slope, the front end and the rear end of the water interception ditch are respectively connected with the side slope and the planting steps, the left end and the right end of the water interception ditch are connected with a drainage ditch, the drainage ditch is used for achieving the purpose of drainage, and the water interception ditch is used for intercepting water flowing down from the upper portion.
Six sides of upper layer cultivation soil of the planting ladder are covered with first partition boards, the 6 first partition boards seal the upper layer cultivation soil, so that water and soil loss of the upper layer cultivation soil is reduced, a water flowing port is formed in one of the first partition boards of the upper layer cultivation soil, which is close to one side of a water intercepting ditch, and redundant water in the soil can flow into the water intercepting ditch from the water flowing port and flow out through the water draining ditch under the condition of heavy rain; the first partition boards on the top of the upper layer cultivation soil are provided with planting holes for planting drought-enduring shrubs, the planting holes can also introduce rainwater into the upper layer cultivation soil sealed by the first six partition boards when raining, the intervals of the planting holes are about 1 meter, and the roots of the shrubs are buried into the upper layer cultivation soil for about 20 cm; the first partition plates of four sides that upper layer cultivation soil covered are partly transparent, are convenient for observe the growth condition and the soil moist degree of root system in the upper layer cultivation soil, drip irrigation pipe shallow buries in the upper layer cultivation soil, and drip irrigation pipe's open position is decided according to the position of bush root system. When the drip irrigation system is in normal operation, water can flow from the top of the slope to the bottom of the slope, and drip irrigation is carried out through various planting steps, and as part of drip irrigation pipes are exposed, sun-proof durable materials are needed. When the rainwater is abundant, drip irrigation can be reduced according to actual conditions.
The top surface and four sides of the lower layer of planting soil of planting ladder are all covered with baffle two, and the bottom of lower layer of planting soil is direct to be connected with the soil of horse way, and baffle two of four sides of lower layer of planting soil is partly transparent, is convenient for observe the condition and the soil moisture degree of plant root system equally, can drip irrigation in proper amount in good time according to the moist condition of soil observed, in addition in order to reach the purpose of rooting more soon, can drip irrigation the magnetization water for the shrub root in proper amount.
When the root system of the plant in the upper layer cultivation soil is observed to be contacted with the first partition plate at the bottom through the first partition plate, the first partition plate at the bottom of the upper layer cultivation soil and the second partition plate at the top of the lower layer cultivation soil are removed, so that the root system can continuously grow downwards conveniently. The upper layer cultivation soil and the lower layer cultivation soil comprise cultivation soil, compound fertilizer, organic fertilizer and water-retaining agent, and the mass ratio of the cultivation soil to the water-retaining agent is 100:0.1:0.5:0.01. The planting steps are used for planting drought-enduring shrubs, such as sea buckthorn, nitraria and caragana, and places outside the planting steps, such as slopes and partial horse roads, can be used for planting perennial herbaceous plants (such as wheatgrass, fescue, alfalfa, fescue and ryegrass) suitable for growing in arid areas, and help the slopes form a stable ecological system, and places with more fallen leaves can be used for increasing fertility and preparing for subsequent seed-increasing shrubs.
The growth period of plants such as shrubs needs to be maintained regularly, and the shrubs cannot be used for traffic in half a year after being planted, and after all projects are finished, perennial herbs with drought tolerance can be planted in the exposed part, so that the ecological system is stabilized.
It is noted that unless otherwise indicated, technical or scientific terms used herein should be given the ordinary meaning as understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention pertains.
Furthermore, the terms "a," "an," "the" and the like are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying a relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. In the description of the present invention, the meaning of "plurality" is two or more unless specifically defined otherwise.
In this application, unless specifically stated and limited otherwise, the terms "mounted," "connected," "secured," and the like are to be construed broadly, and may be, for example, fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally formed; can be mechanically or electrically connected; can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, and can be communicated with the inside of two elements or the interaction relationship of the two elements. The specific meaning of the above terms in the present invention can be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art according to the specific circumstances.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical solution of the present invention, and not for limiting the same; although the invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical scheme described in the foregoing embodiments can be modified or some or all of the technical features thereof can be replaced by equivalents; such modifications and substitutions do not depart from the spirit of the invention, and are intended to be included within the scope of the appended claims and description. In particular, the technical features mentioned in the respective embodiments may be combined in any manner as long as there is no structural conflict. The present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed herein, but encompasses all technical solutions falling within the scope of the claims.

Claims (8)

1. The ecological restoration method for the side slope of the surface mine and the tailing pond is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
s1: constructing a catwalk extending downwards from the top spiral to the bottom on a side slope to be repaired, and separating an upper layer of catwalk from a lower layer of catwalk through the side slope;
s2: building a planting ladder on the catwalk;
s3: constructing a plurality of drainage ditches extending to the bottom from the top of the side slope, wherein the drainage ditches divide the planting steps into a plurality of drainage ditches;
s4: a water interception ditch is arranged between each planting step and the slope toe of the slope, and the water interception ditch is communicated with the drainage ditch;
s5: burying a drip irrigation pipe in the planting ladder and planting plants on the planting ladder;
the planting step in the step S2 is composed of upper layer planting soil and lower layer planting soil, six sides of the upper layer planting soil are covered with first partition boards, the upper layer planting soil is sealed in a space formed by the first six partition boards, the top surface and four side surfaces of the lower layer planting soil are covered with second partition boards, the lower layer planting soil is sealed in a space formed by the second five partition boards, a water flowing port is formed in the first partition board, which is close to one side of a water intercepting ditch, of the upper layer planting soil, and planting holes are formed in the first partition board at the top of the upper layer planting soil;
the first partition plate at the bottom of the upper layer of cultivated and planted soil and the second partition plate at the top of the lower layer of cultivated and planted soil can be removed; the first partition plates on the four sides of the upper layer of cultivated and planted soil and the second partition plates on the four sides of the lower layer of cultivated and planted soil are partially transparent.
2. The method for ecologically restoring the side slope of an open pit mine and a tailing pond according to claim 1, wherein in the step S1, the width of the side slope between the upper and lower streets is 6-8 m, and the gradient of the side slope is less than 45 degrees.
3. The ecological restoration method for the side slope of the surface mine and the tailing pond according to claim 2, wherein the first partition plate at the bottom of the upper layer of cultivated and planted soil and the second partition plate at the top of the lower layer of cultivated and planted soil are waterproof plates.
4. A slope ecological restoration method for surface mines and tailing ponds according to claim 3, wherein the planting steps are 2-3 m wide and 8-10 m long, the thickness of the upper layer of cultivated planting soil and the thickness of the lower layer of cultivated planting soil are both 30 cm, and the lower layer of cultivated planting soil is 20 cm wider than the upper layer of cultivated planting soil.
5. The method for ecologically restoring slopes in surface mines and tailings ponds as claimed in claim 4, wherein the drainage ditch in the step S3 has an inverted trapezoid structure with an upper bottom width of 30 cm and a lower bottom width of 20 cm.
6. The method for ecologically restoring side slopes in surface mines and tailings ponds as claimed in claim 5, wherein the intercepting ditch in the step S4 has an inverted trapezoid structure with an upper bottom width of 50 cm and a lower bottom width of 30 cm.
7. The ecological restoration system for the side slopes of the surface mines and the tailing ponds is characterized by comprising horse ways arranged on the side slopes, wherein the horse ways extend downwards from the top of the side slopes to the bottom of the side slopes in a spiral manner, an upper layer of horse way and a lower layer of horse ways are separated by the side slopes, planting steps are arranged on the horse ways, a plurality of drainage ditches extending from the top to the bottom are arranged on the side slopes, the drainage ditches divide the planting steps into a plurality of, water intercepting ditches are arranged between each planting step and the slope feet of the side slopes above the planting steps, the water intercepting ditches are communicated with the drainage ditches, drip irrigation pipes are buried in each planting step, and the planting steps are used for planting plants;
the planting ladder comprises upper layer planting soil and lower layer planting soil, six sides of the upper layer planting soil are covered with first partition boards, the upper layer planting soil is sealed in a space formed by the first six partition boards, the top surface and four side surfaces of the lower layer planting soil are covered with second partition boards, the lower layer planting soil is sealed in a space formed by the second five partition boards, a water flowing port is formed in the first partition board, close to one side of a water interception ditch, of the upper layer planting soil, and planting holes are formed in the first partition board at the top of the upper layer planting soil;
the first partition plate at the bottom of the upper layer of cultivated and planted soil and the second partition plate at the top of the lower layer of cultivated and planted soil can be removed; the first partition plates on the four sides of the upper layer of cultivated and planted soil and the second partition plates on the four sides of the lower layer of cultivated and planted soil are partially transparent.
8. The slope ecological restoration system for surface mines and tailings ponds as set forth in claim 7, wherein said first partition plate at the bottom of said upper layer of cultivated planting soil and said second partition plate at the top of said lower layer of cultivated planting soil are both water impermeable plates.
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