CN114904056A - 一种基于人胎盘脱细胞基质的复合水凝胶及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种基于人胎盘脱细胞基质的复合水凝胶及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明提供了一种基于人胎盘脱细胞基质的复合水凝胶及其制备方法。该复合水凝胶包括人胎盘脱细胞基质、胶原蛋白、胃蛋白酶和核黄素,其制备步骤为:将人胎盘脱细胞基质冻干、研磨成粉,然后将人胎盘脱细胞基质的粉末、胶原蛋白和胃蛋白酶溶于醋酸溶液中,溶解消化2~4天后加入核黄素,调整溶液pH为中性,静置1~60min,紫外光光照1~60min得到。该复合水凝胶具有良好的机械性能、生物降解性和生物相容性、低免疫原性,更适合细胞附着、生长和增殖,在体外进行3D培养时能更好的模拟体内环境,它可通过调整温度来刺激固化反应,之后通过光照形成适合细胞生长分化的三维空间结构,它和生物墨水的机械强度更接近,可作为生物墨水用于3D生物打印。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于生物医用复合材料领域,具体涉及一种基于人胎盘脱细胞基质的复合水凝胶及其制备方法。
背景技术
水凝胶非常适合组织工程和医学应用,水凝胶形成的三维网络结构能够进行吸水膨胀,膨胀后能够填补组织的缺陷部位,为细胞提供水合环境,由于其物理化学特性的可调节性,还能为细胞提供适合生长的支架作用。
近年来,脱细胞基质材料是由经化学和物理的方法去除组织细胞中的DNA等免疫原性物质,形成无免疫原性或低免疫原性的材料,该材料可作为构建组织工程支架的材料。由脱细胞基质(ECM)材料制备的水凝胶因其良好的生物相容性、可降解性和组织诱导再生能力,近年来在组织修复和再生医学领域日益成为研究热点。作为构建工程化组织以及修复组织缺损的新型生物活性材料,脱细胞基质材料具有广阔的应用前景。而人源的脱细胞基质材料相对于动物源材料拥有更明显的优势,如具有更低的感染病毒的风险和更好的生物相容性等。
传统的聚合物形成的水凝胶往往不能够形成和细胞外基质完全一样的结构来使细胞更好生长,即使现在常用聚合物形成的水凝胶能够较大程度上模拟脱细胞基质组成及结构,但因其缺乏有利于细胞生长和维持细胞基本功能的生长因子,导致体外3D培养仍不能完全构建与组织原型相同的活性结构。
然而,虽然脱细胞基质材料具有以上突出的优势,但基于脱细胞基质材料的水凝胶在凝胶后普遍存在机械性能较差的问题,例如:水凝胶因机械性能不足会产生坍塌等缺陷。从而使脱细胞基质水凝胶在很多应用方面不能满足基本需求。特别是在体外3D培养及3D打印的应用场景中都要求水凝胶具有良好的机械性能,从而为细胞的生长、增殖保持形状稳定性。
在制备脱细胞基质水凝胶的过程中,常使用交联剂以提高其综合机械性能,但交联剂通常具有细胞毒性,所以更倾向于选择不使用交联剂就能形成交联结构的物质制备水凝胶。
发明内容
本发明为解决上述问题,提供了一种基于人胎盘脱细胞基质的复合水凝胶及其制备方法。
本发明的具体技术方案如下:
本发明提供的基于人胎盘脱细胞基质的复合水凝胶,其特征在于,包括:
人胎盘脱细胞基质、胶原蛋白、胃蛋白酶和核黄素。
本发明提供的基于人胎盘脱细胞基质的复合水凝胶,还可以具有这样的技术特征,人胎盘脱细胞基质的原材料选自人体胎盘或人体胎盘和其他人源材料的混合物。
本发明提供的基于人胎盘脱细胞基质的复合水凝胶,还可以具有这样的技术特征,其他人源材料选自人体的脐带、羊膜、真皮、脂肪、软骨、角膜、血管、心脏、肝脏和肾脏。
本发明提供的基于人胎盘脱细胞基质的复合水凝胶,还可以具有这样的技术特征,胶原蛋白选自人源胶原蛋白或人源胶原蛋白和动物源胶原蛋白的混合物。
本发明提供的基于人胎盘脱细胞基质的复合水凝胶,还可以具有这样的技术特征,动物源胶原蛋白选自牛跟腱胶原蛋白、鼠尾胶原蛋白或鱼皮胶原蛋白。
本发明还提供了一种上述基于人胎盘脱细胞基质的复合水凝胶的制备方法,其特征在于,包括如下制备步骤:步骤S1-1,将人胎盘脱细胞基质冻干、研磨成粉;步骤S1-2,将人胎盘脱细胞基质的粉末、胶原蛋白和胃蛋白酶溶于醋酸溶液中,溶解消化2~4天后加入核黄素,得到混合溶液;步骤S1-3,调整混合溶液pH为中性,静置1~60min交联,紫外光光照1~60min,即得基于人胎盘脱细胞基质的复合水凝胶。
本发明提供的基于人胎盘脱细胞基质的复合水凝胶的制备方法,还可以具有这样的技术特征,人胎盘脱细胞基质是由人胎盘组织经脱细胞操作制得,脱细胞操作包括如下步骤:步骤S2-1,将人胎盘组织切成小块,反复清洗;步骤S2-2,向人胎盘组织加入生理盐水,匀浆,离心,然后加入纯水过夜清洗,离心后得到预清洗人胎盘组织;步骤S2-3,向预清洗人胎盘组织加入脱细胞溶液,7小时后更换新的脱细胞溶液过夜处理,离心后得到脱细胞人胎盘组织;步骤S2-4,将脱细胞人胎盘组织纯水清洗2次,离心后加入PAA溶液得到脱细胞人胎盘组织溶液;步骤S2-5,向脱细胞人胎盘组织溶液加入1500~2500U/L DNase酶,过夜处理,离心后得到酶处理脱细胞人胎盘组织;步骤S2-6,向酶处理脱细胞人胎盘组织加入生理盐水过夜清洗,离心后得到人胎盘脱细胞基质。
本发明提供的基于人胎盘脱细胞基质的复合水凝胶的制备方法,还可以具有这样的技术特征,步骤S1-2的混合溶液中人胎盘脱细胞基质的浓度为10~50mg/ml,胶原蛋白的浓度为小于30mg/ml,核黄素的浓度为0.01~2%(w/v),人胎盘脱细胞基质和胶原蛋白的总浓度为2~8%(w/v),人胎盘脱细胞基质和胶原蛋白的总和与胃蛋白酶的质量比为7:1~12:1。
发明的作用与效果
本发明所涉及的基于人胎盘脱细胞基质的复合水凝胶,是通过混合人胎盘脱细胞基质、胶原蛋白、胃蛋白酶和一定浓度的醋酸溶液,溶解消化2~4天后加入核黄素,得到混合溶液,调整混合溶液pH为中性,静置1~60min交联,紫外光光照1~60min,获得具有三维网络结构的基于人胎盘脱细胞基质的复合水凝。
人胎盘脱细胞基质是指将人胎盘组织经过一系列脱细胞工艺处理后,去除能够引起免疫排斥的抗原部分,其具有良好的机械性能、生物相容性,且它的三维结构以及其具有的生长因子有利于细胞的生长和维持细胞基本功能。胶原蛋白作为细胞外基质骨架的构成成分,本身含有胶原纤维结构,能在37℃、pH中性条件下进行自交联,达到凝胶状态,且其独有的三股超螺旋结构以及自交联后形成的三维结构对细胞起着支撑作用,它性质十分稳定并且有着极低的免疫原性。核黄素作为无毒的光引发剂可在紫外光照下诱导胶原蛋白交联。因此本发明采用人胎盘脱细胞基质作为仿生材料和胶原蛋白通过核黄素的诱导在紫外光照下制备成复合水凝胶。
本发明提供的基于人胎盘脱细胞基质的复合水凝胶,相比于传统的聚合物水凝胶具有如下优势:
(1)具有更好的机械性能、生物降解性和生物相容性,以及低免疫原性,更适合细胞附着、生长和增殖,能在体外进行3D培养时更好的模拟体内环境,在一定程度上可以降低药物筛选成本;
(2)该水凝胶可通过调整温度来刺激固化反应,之后通过光照形成适合细胞生长分化的三维空间结构。
本发明提供的基于人胎盘脱细胞基质的复合水凝胶,其机械强度更接近于生物墨水的机械强度,能够作为生物墨水用于3D生物打印,有望打印出具有一定功能结构的类器官,用于解决临床组织器官短缺的问题。
附图说明
图1是本发明实施例的水凝胶的照片;
图2是本发明实施例的水凝胶的微观结构;
图3是本发明实施例的水凝胶的机械性能测试结果;
图4是本发明实施例四的基于人胎盘脱细胞基质的复合水凝胶的表皮创伤修复测试效果图;
图5是本发明实施例四的基于人胎盘脱细胞基质的复合水凝胶用于3D打印的效果图。
具体实施方式
以下结合附图来说明本发明的具体实施方式。下述各实施例中所采用的试剂为普通商业途径购得,未注明的实验操作及实验条件参考本领域的常规操作及常规条件。
下述实施例中,采用的人胎盘脱细胞基质是由人胎盘组织经脱细胞操作制得,脱细胞操作步骤如下:
步骤S2-1,将人胎盘组织切成小块,反复清洗;
步骤S2-2,向人胎盘组织加入生理盐水,匀浆,离心,然后加入纯水过夜清洗,离心后得到预清洗人胎盘组织;
步骤S2-3,向步骤S2-2得到的预清洗人胎盘组织加入脱细胞溶液,7小时后更换新的脱细胞溶液过夜处理,离心后得到脱细胞人胎盘组织;
步骤S2-4,将步骤S2-3得到的脱细胞人胎盘组织纯水清洗2次,离心后加入PAA溶液得到脱细胞人胎盘组织溶液;
步骤S2-5,向步骤S2-4得到的脱细胞人胎盘组织溶液加入2000U/L DNase酶,过夜处理,离心后得到酶处理脱细胞人胎盘组织;
步骤S2-6,向步骤S2-5得到的酶处理脱细胞人胎盘组织加入生理盐水过夜清洗,离心后得到人胎盘脱细胞基质。
另外,下述实施例中,胃蛋白酶浓度依据人胎盘脱细胞基质以及胶原蛋白浓度而定,人胎盘脱细胞基质和胶原蛋白的质量总和与胃蛋白酶的质量比为7:1~12:1之间。水凝胶的存放温度在4~40℃。
<实施例一>
本实施例提供了不添加胶原蛋白和核黄素的人胎盘脱细胞基质水凝胶的制备方法。
本实施例的制备方法包括如下步骤:
步骤S1-1,将人胎盘脱细胞基质冻干、研磨成粉;
步骤S1-2,将人胎盘脱细胞基质的粉末和胃蛋白酶溶于醋酸溶液中形成混合溶液,溶解消化72h,具体操作为:称取300mg人胎盘脱细胞基质的粉末和30mg胃蛋白酶溶于10mL一定浓度的醋酸溶液中,得到混合溶液;将得到的混合溶液在室温下置于磁力搅拌器中搅拌72h,消化溶解;
步骤S1-3,调整混合溶液pH为中性,静置30min交联,得到人胎盘脱细胞基质水凝胶,具体操作为:将消化好的混合溶液调整pH至7.4,得到中性混合溶液,为防止调pH过程中凝胶,此过程需要在冰上进行;将中性混合溶液置于37℃环境下静置30min成胶。
<实施例二>
本实施例提供了添加胶原蛋白、核黄素且通过紫外光照的基于人胎盘脱细胞基质的复合水凝胶的制备方法。
本实施例的制备方法包括如下步骤:
步骤S1-1,将人胎盘脱细胞基质冻干、研磨成粉;
步骤S1-2,将人胎盘脱细胞基质的粉末、胶原蛋白和胃蛋白酶溶于醋酸溶液中,溶解消化72h后加入核黄素,得到混合溶液,具体操作为:称取300mg人胎盘脱细胞基质的粉末、100mg胶原蛋白和40mg胃蛋白酶溶于10mL一定浓度醋酸溶液中,在室温下置于磁力搅拌器中搅拌72h,消化溶解,加入核黄素,得到混合溶液;
步骤S1-3,调整混合溶液pH为中性,静置30min交联,紫外光光照60min,即得基于人胎盘脱细胞基质的复合水凝胶,具体操作为:将混合溶液调整pH至7.4,得到中性混合溶液,为防止调pH过程中凝胶,此过程需要在冰上进行,将中性混合溶液置于37℃环境下静置30min后通过紫外光照60min成胶。
<实施例三>
本实施例提供了更高浓度的人胎盘脱细胞基质水凝胶的制备方法。
本实施例的制备方法包括如下步骤:
步骤S1-1,将人胎盘脱细胞基质冻干、研磨成粉;
步骤S1-2,将人胎盘脱细胞基质的粉末和胃蛋白酶溶于醋酸溶液中形成混合溶液,溶解消化72h,具体操作为:称取500mg人胎盘脱细胞基质的粉末和50mg胃蛋白酶溶于10mL一定浓度醋酸溶液中,得到混合溶液;将得到的混合溶液在室温下置于磁力搅拌器中搅拌72h,消化溶解;
步骤S1-3,调整混合溶液pH为中性,静置30min交联,得到人胎盘脱细胞基质水凝胶,具体操作为:将消化好的混合溶液调整pH至7.4,得到中性混合溶液,为防止调pH过程中凝胶,此过程需要在冰上进行;将中性混合溶液置于37℃环境下静置30min成胶。
<实施例四>
本实施例提供了浓度更高的基于人胎盘脱细胞基质的复合水凝胶的制备方法。
本实施例的制备方法包括如下步骤:
步骤S1-1,将人胎盘脱细胞基质冻干、研磨成粉;
步骤S1-2,将人胎盘脱细胞基质的粉末、胶原蛋白和胃蛋白酶溶于醋酸溶液中,溶解消化72h后加入核黄素,得到混合溶液,具体操作为:称取500mg人胎盘脱细胞基质的粉末、100mg胶原蛋白和60mg胃蛋白酶溶于10mL一定浓度醋酸溶液中,在室温下置于磁力搅拌器中搅拌72h,消化溶解,加入核黄素,得到混合溶液;
步骤S1-3,调整混合溶液pH为中性,静置30min交联,紫外光光照60min,即得基于人胎盘脱细胞基质的复合水凝胶,具体操作为:将混合溶液调整pH至7.4,得到中性混合溶液,为防止调pH过程中凝胶,此过程需要在冰上进行,将中性混合溶液置于37℃环境下静置30min后通过紫外光照60min成胶。
<测试例>
图1是本发明实施例的水凝胶的照片。其中,图1(a)为实施例一的人胎盘脱细胞基质水凝胶的照片,图1(b)是实施例二的基于人胎盘脱细胞基质的复合水凝胶的照片,图1(c)是实施例三的人胎盘脱细胞基质水凝胶的照片,图1(d)是实施例四的基于人胎盘脱细胞基质的复合水凝胶的照片。如图1所示,实施例二和实施例四的基于人胎盘脱细胞基质的复合水凝胶的粘性明显强于实施例一和实施例三的人胎盘脱细胞基质水凝胶。表明本发明的基于人胎盘脱细胞基质的复合水凝胶的机械性能更强。
如图2是本发明实施例的水凝胶的微观结构。其中,图2(a)是实施例三的人胎盘脱细胞基质水凝胶的微观结构,图2(b)是实施例四的基于人胎盘脱细胞基质的复合水凝胶的微观结构。如图2所示,实施例四的基于人胎盘脱细胞基质的复合水凝胶的孔隙率为55%~70%,且其微孔分布均匀。表明本发明的基于人胎盘脱细胞基质的复合水凝胶能更好地为细胞提供水合环境和适合生长的支架。
图3是本发明实施例的水凝胶的机械性能测试结果。
本发明实施例的水凝胶的机械性能测试是通过DMA测得,其过程为:将实施例的水凝胶置于DMA上进行压缩实验,以0.1N/min的速度进行,压缩模量选择应力应变曲线中水凝胶形态发生突变前的线性区域进行拟合计算(约在形变为20%)。测试结果如图3所示,其中,图3(a)是实施例三、四的水凝胶的应力应变结果图,由图3(a)所示,随着应变的增大,基于人胎盘脱细胞基质的复合水凝胶所需的应力要大于人胎盘脱细胞基质水凝胶;图3(b)是实施例三、四的水凝胶的机械性能测试结果,基于人胎盘脱细胞基质的复合水凝胶的压缩性能比人胎盘脱细胞基质水凝胶提升了大约1.5KPa左右。表明本发明的基于人胎盘脱细胞基质的复合水凝胶具有一定的机械性能,可作为细胞生长的支架。
图4是本发明实施例四的基于人胎盘脱细胞基质的复合水凝胶的表皮创伤修复测试效果图。
本发明实施例四的基于人胎盘脱细胞基质的复合水凝胶的生物相容性通过小鼠表皮创伤修复实验测得,其具体过程为:在小鼠背部表皮制造伤口,并向伤口处分别注射磷酸缓冲盐溶液(PBS)和基于人胎盘脱细胞基质的复合水凝胶,观察其不同的愈合效果。测试结果如图4所示,注射基于人胎盘脱细胞基质的复合水凝胶的小鼠表皮愈合速度更快。证明本发明的基于人胎盘脱细胞基质的复合水凝胶具有良好的生物相容性,可以作为生物材料进行应用。
图5是本发明实施例四的基于人胎盘脱细胞基质的复合水凝胶用于3D打印的效果图。其中,图5(a)是实施例四的基于人胎盘脱细胞基质的复合水凝胶用于3D打印3层支架结构的效果图,图5(b)是实施例四的基于人胎盘脱细胞基质的复合水凝胶用于3D打印6层支架结构的效果图。如图5所示,3D打印支架结构都具有一定的支撑力,满足生物墨水的基本需求。证明本发明的基于人胎盘脱细胞基质的复合水凝胶能够应用于3D打印中。
以上是对实施例的详细描述,方便本领域的技术人员能正确理解和使用本发明。凡本领域的技术人员依据本发明在现有技术基础上,不经过创新性的劳动,仅通过分析、类推或有限列举等方法得到的改进或修改技术方案,都应该在由权利要求书所确定的保护范围内。
Claims (8)
1.一种基于人胎盘脱细胞基质的复合水凝胶,其特征在于,包括:
人胎盘脱细胞基质、胶原蛋白、胃蛋白酶和核黄素。
2.根据权利要求1所述的基于人胎盘脱细胞基质的复合水凝胶,其特征在于:
其中,所述人胎盘脱细胞基质的原材料选自人体胎盘或人体胎盘和其他人源材料的混合物。
3.根据权利要求2所述的人胎盘脱细胞基质的原材料,其特征在于:
其中,所述其他人源材料选自人体的脐带、羊膜、真皮、脂肪、软骨、角膜、血管、心脏、肝脏和肾脏。
4.根据权利要求1所述的基于人胎盘脱细胞基质的复合水凝胶,其特征在于:
其中,所述胶原蛋白选自人源胶原蛋白或人源胶原蛋白和动物源胶原蛋白的混合物。
5.根据权利要求4所述的胶原蛋白,其特征在于:
其中,所述动物源胶原蛋白选自牛跟腱胶原蛋白、鼠尾胶原蛋白或鱼皮胶原蛋白。
6.一种如权利要求1~5中任一项所述的基于人胎盘脱细胞基质的复合水凝胶的制备方法,其特征在于,包括如下制备步骤:
步骤S1-1,将所述人胎盘脱细胞基质冻干、研磨成粉;
步骤S1-2,将所述人胎盘脱细胞基质的粉末、所述胶原蛋白和所述胃蛋白酶溶于醋酸溶液中,溶解消化2~4天后加入所述核黄素,得到混合溶液;
步骤S1-3,调整所述混合溶液pH为中性,静置1~60min交联,紫外光光照1~60min,即得所述基于人胎盘脱细胞基质的复合水凝胶。
7.根据权利要求6所述的基于人胎盘脱细胞基质的复合水凝胶的制备方法,其特征在于:
其中,所述人胎盘脱细胞基质是由人胎盘组织经脱细胞操作制得,所述脱细胞操作包括如下步骤:
步骤S2-1,将所述人胎盘组织切成小块,反复清洗;
步骤S2-2,向所述人胎盘组织加入生理盐水,匀浆,离心,然后加入纯水过夜清洗,离心后得到预清洗人胎盘组织;
步骤S2-3,向所述预清洗人胎盘组织加入脱细胞溶液,7小时后更换新的脱细胞溶液过夜处理,离心后得到脱细胞人胎盘组织;
步骤S2-4,将所述脱细胞人胎盘组织纯水清洗2次,离心后加入PAA溶液得到脱细胞人胎盘组织溶液;
步骤S2-5,向所述脱细胞人胎盘组织溶液加入1500~2500U/LDNase酶,过夜处理,离心后得到酶处理脱细胞人胎盘组织;
步骤S2-6,向所述酶处理脱细胞人胎盘组织加入生理盐水过夜清洗,离心后得到所述人胎盘脱细胞基质。
8.根据权利要求6所述的基于人胎盘脱细胞基质的复合水凝胶的制备方法,其特征在于:
其中,步骤S1-2所述混合溶液中所述人胎盘脱细胞基质的浓度为10~50mg/ml,
所述混合溶液中所述胶原蛋白的浓度为小于30mg/ml,
所述混合溶液中所述核黄素的浓度为0.01~2%(w/v),
所述混合溶液中所述人胎盘脱细胞基质和所述胶原蛋白的总浓度为2~8%(w/v),
所述混合溶液中所述人胎盘脱细胞基质和所述胶原蛋白的总和与所述胃蛋白酶的质量比为7:1~12:1。
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