CN114892420A - 一种抗老化轻质高强自清洁膜材料及其制备方法 - Google Patents

一种抗老化轻质高强自清洁膜材料及其制备方法 Download PDF

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CN114892420A
CN114892420A CN202210595161.4A CN202210595161A CN114892420A CN 114892420 A CN114892420 A CN 114892420A CN 202210595161 A CN202210595161 A CN 202210595161A CN 114892420 A CN114892420 A CN 114892420A
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fiber fabric
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叶伟
张杏
徐利云
龙啸云
刘婉婉
孙启龙
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Yangzhou Sparkle Industrial Co ltd
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Abstract

本发明属于高性能纤维及其复合材料技术领域，公开了一种抗老化轻质高强自清洁膜材料及其制备方法。制备方法包括：S1.对UHMWPE纤维织物表面进行等离子处理，后涂覆改性TPU，平整热压，得到UHMWPE纤维织物增强TPU复合膜材料；S2.将粒径为120‑200nm的纳米TiO2颗粒与PVDF溶液混合，制成改性PVDF树脂溶液；S3.将改性PVDF树脂溶液喷涂到UHMWPE纤维织物增强TPU复合膜材料表面，烘干制成具有抗老化性能和自清洁性能的抗老化轻质高强自清洁膜材料。该抗老化轻质高强自清洁膜材料具有较好的力学性能，相比较涤纶等纤维制备的膜材料，同等力学条件下，本发明提供的抗老化轻质高强自清洁膜材料重量要减轻1/4‑1/3。

Description

一种抗老化轻质高强自清洁膜材料及其制备方法
技术领域
本发明属于高性能纤维及其复合材料技术领域，公开了一种抗老化轻质高强自清洁膜材料及其制备方法。
背景技术
随着科学技术的不断进步,近十年来帐篷布的开发应用处在发展阶段,所采用的纤维原料、基布的组织结构和整理加工工艺技术不断地更新,传统的篷盖材料正向新一代技术型的过渡。目前市场上的帐篷布主要采用涤纶织物加PVC涂层，高强涤纶织物拉伸强度在12000N/5cm时重量达到了1600g/m2，而且在抗顶破和撕裂性能上有所不足，不能满足大空间库房以及极端环境中大风大雪对于篷盖材料力学性能的要求。另外，PVC树脂在-40℃以下低温会变硬发脆，PVC不耐光和热氧化，实际使用寿命不足10年。因此，针对篷盖材料的需求，开展高耐候自洁膜材是非常必要的。目前市场上已有相关的研究，专利CN109208338A公布了一种超轻、高强柔性复合膜及其制备方法，此专利使用高强高模聚乙烯纤维机织物为增强层，但是为了达到一定的力学性能需要多层机织物通过大量树脂复合，造成了织物过重的现象。
发明内容
针对现役帐篷难以满足大跨度、大面积、无支撑的性能要求，难以满足高寒、高温等极端环境条件下使用的瓶颈问题，本发明目的在于提供一种抗老化轻质高强自清洁膜材料及其制备方法，该抗老化轻质高强自清洁膜材料相比较涤纶等纤维制备的膜材料，同等力学条件下三维编织超高分子量聚乙烯纤维织物重量要减轻1/4-1/3。
本发明提供了一种抗老化轻质高强自清洁膜材料的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
S1.对超高分子量聚乙烯(UHMWPE)纤维织物表面进行等离子处理，后涂覆具有耐老化性能的聚氨酯(TPU)，然后在120℃下进行平整热压，得到UHMWPE纤维织物增强TPU复合膜材料；
S2.使用高剪切方法将粒径为120-200nm的纳米TiO2颗粒与PVDF溶液混合，制成改性PVDF树脂溶液，所述改性PVDF树脂溶液中，TiO2的质量分数为0.3％-1％；
S3.将改性PVDF树脂溶液喷涂到所述UHMWPE纤维织物增强TPU复合膜材料表面，100℃烘干制成抗老化自清洁复合膜材料。
进一步的，所述UHMWPE纤维织物是以2000-3000D的UHMWPE纱支为原料的三维组织，经纬密均为20-40根/cm，面密度为1000-1200g/m2左右。
进一步的，所述等离子处理的处理电压为6-7.5Kv，处理时间为10-20s。
进一步的，所述涂覆具有耐老化性能的改性TPU具体为：使用刮涂法将具有耐老化性能的改性TPU涂覆在等离子处理后的UHMWPE纤维织物表面，单面上胶量为200-300g/㎡。
进一步的，所述喷涂的喷涂厚度为30-50μm。
本发明还提供了一种上述制备方法制备得到的抗老化轻质高强自清洁膜材料。
本发明还提供了一种上述抗老化轻质高强自清洁膜材料在篷盖材料中的应用。
与现有技术相比，本发明通过选用超高分子量聚乙烯纤维，通过编制得到立体三维织物，同时在材料表面进行超疏水处理，制备出轻质高强材料的同时赋予自清洁作用，该抗老化轻质高强自清洁膜材料该抗老化轻质高强自清洁膜材料相比较涤纶等纤维制备的膜材料，同等力学条件下三维编织超高分子量聚乙烯纤维织物重量要减轻1/4-1/3。
说明书附图
图1为UHMWPE纤维织物的三维结构示意图；
图2为本发明实施例1-3得到抗老化轻质高强自清洁膜材料的结构示意图；
附图标记：1、经向纱线；2、纬向纱线；3、法向纱线。
具体实施方式
下面对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本发明保护的范围。
实施例1
(1)选用2000D的UHMWPE纱支为原料，编织得到UHMWPE纤维织物，该UHMWPE纤维织物以三维组织为基础组织，经纬密均为40根/cm，面密度为1200g/m2左右。
(2)为提高织物的剥离强度，使用常压等离子技术对UHMWPE纤维织物表面进行处理，处理电压为7.5Kv，处理时间为20s。
(3)然后使用刮涂法将具有耐老化性能的改性TPU涂覆在其表面，单面上胶量为200g/㎡，随后在120℃下进行平整热压，得到UHMWPE纤维织物增强TPU复合膜材料。
(4)使用高剪切方法将粒径为120nm的纳米TiO2颗粒与PVDF溶液混合，添加质量分数为0.3％，制成改性PVDF树脂溶液；
(5)使用喷涂设备将改性PVDF树脂溶液喷涂到UHMWPE纤维织物增强TPU复合膜材料表面，控制喷涂厚度为50μm；100℃烘干制成抗老化自清洁复合膜材料。
实施例2
(1)选用3000D的UHMWPE纱支为原料，编织得到UHMWPE纤维织物，该UHMWPE纤维织物以三维组织为基础组织，经纬密均为20根/cm，面密度为1000g/m2左右。
(2)为提高织物的剥离强度，使用常压等离子技术对UHMWPE纤维织物表面进行处理，处理电压为6Kv，处理时间为10s。
(3)然后使用刮涂法将具有耐老化性能的改性TPU涂覆在其表面，单面上胶量为200g/㎡，随后在120℃下进行平整热压，得到UHMWPE纤维织物增强TPU复合膜材料。
(4)使用高剪切方法将粒径为200nm的纳米TiO2颗粒与PVDF溶液混合，添加质量分数为1％，制成改性PVDF树脂溶液；
(5)使用喷涂设备将改性PVDF树脂溶液喷涂到UHMWPE纤维织物增强TPU复合膜材料表面，控制喷涂厚度为30μm；100℃烘干制成抗老化自清洁复合膜材料。
实施例3
(1)选用2500D的UHMWPE纱支为原料，编织得到UHMWPE纤维织物，该UHMWPE纤维织物以三维组织为基础组织，经纬密均为30根/cm，面密度为1100g/m2左右。
(2)为提高织物的剥离强度，使用常压等离子技术对UHMWPE纤维织物表面进行处理，处理电压为7Kv，处理时间为15s。
(3)然后使用刮涂法将具有耐老化性能的改性TPU涂覆在其表面，单面上胶量为2500g/㎡，随后在120℃下进行平整热压，得到UHMWPE纤维织物增强TPU复合膜材料。
(4)使用高剪切方法将粒径为150nm的纳米TiO2颗粒与PVDF溶液混合，添加质量分数为0.5％，制成改性PVDF树脂溶液；
(5)使用喷涂设备将改性PVDF树脂溶液喷涂到UHMWPE纤维织物增强TPU复合膜材料表面，控制喷涂厚度为40μm；100℃烘干制成抗老化自清洁复合膜材料。
本发明实施例1-3中步骤(1)制备得到的UHMWPE纤维织物的结构示意图如图1所示，制备得到的抗老化自清洁复合膜材料的结构示意图如图2所示。对实施例1-3得到的复合膜和以多层涤纶作为基础中间层的复合膜(对比例)的性能表征进行测定，面密度根据GB/T 4669-2008的规定进行，拉伸强度根据GB/T3923.1-2013的规定进行，撕裂强度根据GB3917.3的规定进行，顶破强度根据的规定进行GB/T 14800-2010。测试结果如下表所示：
表1实施例1-3制备得到的复合膜及多层涤纶基础层复合膜的测试结果
拉伸强度 顶破强度 撕裂强度 表面水滴接触角 每平方米质量
实施例1 16000N/5cm 37000N 2100N 158° 1200g
实施例2 12000N/5cm 31000N 1700N 158° 1000g
实施例3 13500N/5cm 35400N 2000N 158° 1100g
对比例 12000N/5cm 15000N 1300N 158° 1600g
如上表所示，本发明实施例1-3得到的复合膜该抗老化轻质高强自清洁膜材料具有较好的力学性能和疏水性能，同时该抗老化轻质高强自清洁膜材料相比较涤纶等纤维制备的膜材料，同等甚至较优力学条件下三维编织超高分子量聚乙烯纤维织物重量要减轻1/4-1/3。
以上所述仅是本发明的优选实施方式，应当指出，对于使本技术领域的专业技术人员，在不脱离本发明技术原理的前提下，是能够实现对这些实施例的多种修改的，而这些修改也应视为本发明应该保护的范围。

Claims (7)

1.一种抗老化轻质高强自清洁膜材料的制备方法，其特征在于，包括以下步骤：
S1.对超高分子量聚乙烯纤维织物表面进行等离子处理，后涂覆具有耐老化性能的改性TPU，然后在120℃下进行平整热压，得到超高分子量聚乙烯纤维织物增强TPU复合膜材料；
S2.使用高剪切方法将粒径为120-200nm的纳米TiO2颗粒与PVDF溶液混合，制成改性PVDF树脂溶液，所述改性PVDF树脂溶液中，TiO2的质量分数为0.3％-1％；
S3.将改性PVDF树脂溶液喷涂到所述超高分子量聚乙烯纤维织物增强TPU复合膜材料表面，100℃烘干制成抗老化轻质高强自清洁膜材料。
2.根据权利要求1所述的制备方法，其特征在于，所述超高分子量聚乙烯纤维织物是以2000-3000D的超高分子量聚乙烯纱支为原料的三维组织，经纬密均为20-40根/cm，面密度为1000-1200g/m2左右。
3.根据权利要求1所述的制备方法，其特征在于，所述等离子处理的处理电压为6-7.5Kv，处理时间为10-20s。
4.根据权利要求1所述的制备方法，其特征在于，所述涂覆具有耐老化性能的改性TPU具体为：使用刮涂法将具有耐老化性能的改性TPU涂覆在等离子处理后的超高分子量聚乙烯纤维织物表面，单面上胶量为200-300g/㎡。
5.根据权利要求1所述的制备方法，其特征在于，所述喷涂的喷涂厚度为30-50μm。
6.权利要求1-5任一项所述制备方法制备得到的抗老化轻质高强自清洁膜材料。
7.权利要求6所述的抗老化轻质高强自清洁膜材料在篷盖材料中的应用。
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