CN114892177B - 一步制备含碳点缓蚀剂的酸洗剂方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种一步制备含碳点缓蚀剂的酸洗剂方法,具体步骤为:以糖类为碳点缓蚀剂的原材料,加入水并搅拌使糖类溶解,得到糖类溶液;向所得糖类溶液中加入浓度不低于80%的浓硫酸,边加边搅拌,随后继续搅拌,溶液中的糖类在浓硫酸作用下发生脱水碳化反应,搅拌总时间为10s~30min;将所得反应后的溶液倒入水中稀释,边倒边搅拌,所得稀释溶液即为含碳点缓蚀剂的酸洗剂。本方法简单高效,可快速大规模制备含碳点缓蚀剂的酸洗剂,在碳点缓蚀剂的保护下,对碳钢和低合金钢等金属高效清洗的同时,不伤害金属基体。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及功能化材料制备领域,具体涉及一步制备含碳点缓蚀剂的酸洗剂方法。
技术背景
碳点是由美国南卡罗莱纳大学Walter A.Scrivens课题组于2004年使用电泳法纯化单壁碳纳米管产物时偶然发现的,通常被定义为具有荧光效应、尺寸一般小于10nm的碳纳米粒子。绝大多数碳点由核心和表面基团两部分组成,其中核心一般由sp2杂化石墨碳或无定形碳组成,表面基团多为含氧或含氮基团。碳点具有独特的荧光可调性、优异的光稳定性、多样的结构、良好的生物相容性、卓越的催化性、低毒环保等优点,被广泛应用于化学传感、生物成像、催化、光电器件、植物系统、功能材料、润滑、防腐等领域。
相较于其他领域的应用,碳点在防腐领域的应用起步较晚。2017年,研究人员首次探索了碳点在防腐领域的应用。具体为以抗生素氨基水杨酸作前驱体,制备出具有高水溶性和低细胞毒性的氮掺杂碳点,作为环保型缓蚀剂用于抑制碳钢在浓度为1M的盐酸溶液中腐蚀,缓释效率高达96%。受此启发,一些研究人员通过改变前驱体类型和反应条件,制备出其他类型的氮掺杂碳点、离子液体修饰碳点等各类碳点,作为侵蚀性酸溶液或盐溶液的绿色缓蚀剂,展现出优异的防腐性能,缓蚀效率均高于90%。
为了更高效、绿色地制备具有缓蚀性能的碳点,国内外学者进行了广泛研究。文件CN113293380A公布了一种功能化葡萄糖基碳点缓蚀剂的制备方法与应用,具体以葡萄糖、抗坏血酸、4-氨基-3-肼基-5-巯基-1,2,4-三唑为原料,加入去离子水,待搅拌溶解后进行水热反应,同时进行酰胺化反应,制得一种功能化葡萄糖基碳点缓蚀剂。文件CN111662243A公开了一种柠檬酸基功能化碳点缓蚀剂及其制备方法与应用。本发明通过将柠檬酸在去离子水存在的条件下进行水热反应,待反应液冷却后,分别加入去离子水、无水乙醇和三乙胺并搅拌,然后加入4-二甲氨基吡啶,待搅拌溶解后,加入三聚氰胺粉末并搅拌溶解,然后加热进行酰胺化反应制得一种柠檬酸基功能化碳点缓蚀剂。
上述两个文件所制备的碳点缓蚀剂,存在制备流程复杂、原料价格昂贵等缺点。若将其作为酸性除锈剂的缓蚀剂,需要将所制备的碳点缓蚀剂先加入酸溶液,然后才能得到含有碳点缓蚀剂的酸性除锈剂。
发明内容
本发明的目的是针对现有制备碳点缓蚀剂方法中存在的耗时长、工序多、不能一步得到含碳点缓蚀剂的酸洗剂等问题,提供一种快速、便捷、廉价、一步制备含碳点缓蚀剂的酸洗剂方法。
本发明的技术方案:
一步制备含碳点缓蚀剂的酸洗剂方法,步骤如下:
步骤一:以糖类为碳点缓蚀剂的原材料,加入水并搅拌使糖类溶解,得到糖类溶液;
步骤二:向步骤一所得糖类溶液中加入浓度不低于80%的浓硫酸,边加边搅拌,防止浓硫酸产生“暴沸现象”,随后继续搅拌,搅拌总时间为10s~30min,溶液中的糖类在浓硫酸作用下发生脱水碳化反应,此时溶液颜色由无色变为棕色、褐色或黑色等颜色,证明生成了新物质——碳点;
步骤三:将步骤二所得反应后的溶液倒入水中稀释,边倒边搅拌,防止浓硫酸产生“暴沸现象”,搅拌均匀后,所得稀释溶液即为含碳点缓蚀剂的酸洗剂。
步骤一所述的糖类为葡萄糖、淀粉、蔗糖、果糖中的一种或多种。同时,糖类质量占步骤三所得稀释溶液即含碳点缓蚀剂的酸洗液的质量分数范围为0.1%~2%。
步骤二中加入浓硫酸的质量大于步骤一中所加入水的质量的3倍,以确保浓硫酸可以有效地使糖类发生脱水碳化反应,从而高效地生成碳点。
步骤三中稀释所用水的质量根据浓硫酸的质量分数添加,使所得稀释溶液中含有的硫酸的质量分数范围为5%~15%。另外,步骤三中所得稀释溶液中可以进一步加入防锈助剂、阴离子表面活性剂等添加剂。
本发明的有益效果是:
(1)简单易控、成本低;
(2)制备效率高、一步制备出含碳点缓蚀剂的酸洗剂;
(3)可大规模制备。
附图说明
图1为本发明的制备流程图。
图2为实施例1所制备酸洗液中的碳点缓蚀剂的透射电镜(TEM)图。
图3为实施例2所制备酸洗液中的碳点缓蚀剂的TEM图。
图中:S1-S3对应本方法步骤一至步骤三。
具体实施方式
以下是本发明的2个具体实施例,并结合附图,对本发明的技术方案作进一步的描述。实施例中所使用的葡萄糖、可溶性淀粉、浓硫酸等均购买于国药集团化学试剂有限公司,为分析纯级别,直接使用不做纯化处理。
实施例1
如图1所示,一步制备含碳点缓蚀剂的酸洗剂方法,具体步骤如下:
步骤一:以0.4g葡萄糖为碳点缓蚀剂的原材料,加入0.8mL去离子水,玻璃棒搅拌使葡萄糖溶解,得到葡萄糖溶液;
步骤二:向步骤一所得葡萄糖溶液中加入4mL浓度为98%的浓硫酸,边加边搅拌,随后继续搅拌,搅拌总时间为20min,溶液中葡萄糖在浓硫酸作用下发生脱水碳化反应,溶液由无色变为棕褐色;
步骤三:将步骤二所得反应后的溶液倒入水中稀释,边倒边搅拌,所用稀释水的体积为74mL,所得稀释溶液即为含碳点缓蚀剂的酸洗剂。最后所得酸洗剂中浓硫酸质量分数约为5%,不再加入其他任何防锈助剂、阴离子表面活性剂等添加剂。
为了证明所制备的酸洗剂中生成了碳点,对所得酸洗剂进行中和(氢氧化钠溶液作中和溶液)、旋蒸、乙醇萃取、冷冻干燥等操作,得到固体产物,并对其进行TEM表征(图2),产物为粒径10nm以下近圆形黑点,且具有清晰的石墨晶格,确定生成了碳点。
为了证明碳点缓蚀剂的缓蚀效果及酸洗剂的清洗效果,将所制备的含碳点缓蚀剂的酸洗剂和同等浓度的浓硫酸(5%)酸洗剂,用于Q235碳钢除锈实验(将相同生锈情况的Q235碳钢分别浸泡于两种酸洗剂1h)。结果表明,同等浓度的浓硫酸(5%)酸洗剂由于不含碳点缓蚀剂,会对Q235碳钢基体造成腐蚀;而实施例1所制备的含碳点缓蚀剂的酸洗剂仅去除Q235碳钢表面铁锈,未对基体造成腐蚀。因此,证明了碳点缓蚀剂的缓蚀效果及酸洗剂的清洗效果。
实施例2
如图1所示,一步制备含碳点缓蚀剂的酸洗剂方法,具体步骤如下:
步骤一:以0.4g可溶性淀粉为碳点缓蚀剂的原材料,加入0.8mL去离子水,玻璃棒搅拌使可溶性淀粉溶解,得到可溶性淀粉溶液;
步骤二:向步骤一所得可溶性淀粉溶液中加入4mL浓度为98%的浓硫酸,边加边搅拌,随后继续搅拌,搅拌总时间为20min,溶液中可溶性淀粉在浓硫酸作用下发生脱水碳化反应,溶液由无色变为褐色;
步骤三:将步骤二所得反应后的溶液倒入去离子水中稀释,边倒边搅拌,所用稀释水的体积为74mL,所得稀释溶液即为含碳点缓蚀剂的酸洗剂。最后所得酸洗剂中浓硫酸质量分数约为5%,不再加入其他任何防锈助剂、阴离子表面活性剂等添加剂。
为了证明所制备的酸洗剂中生成了碳点,对所得酸洗剂进行中和(氢氧化钠溶液作中和溶液)、旋蒸、乙醇萃取、冷冻干燥等操作,得到固体产物,并对其进行TEM表征(图3),产物为粒径10nm以下近圆形黑点(部分黑点有一些黏连),且具有清晰的石墨晶格,确定生成了碳点。
为了证明碳点缓蚀剂的缓蚀效果及酸洗剂的清洗效果,将所制备的含碳点缓蚀剂的酸洗剂和同等浓度的浓硫酸(5%)酸洗剂,用于Q235碳钢除锈实验(将相同生锈情况的Q235碳钢分别浸泡于两种酸洗剂1h)。结果表明,同等浓度的浓硫酸(5%)酸洗剂由于不含碳点缓蚀剂,会对Q235碳钢基体造成腐蚀;而实施例2所制备的含碳点缓蚀剂的酸洗剂仅去除Q235碳钢表面铁锈,未对基体造成腐蚀。因此,证明了碳点缓蚀剂的缓蚀效果及酸洗剂的清洗效果。
Claims (2)
1.一步制备含碳点缓蚀剂的酸洗剂方法,其特征在于,步骤如下:
步骤一:以糖类为碳点缓蚀剂的原材料,加入水并搅拌使糖类溶解,得到糖类溶液;
步骤二:向步骤一所得糖类溶液中加入浓度不低于80%的浓硫酸,边加边搅拌,使所加入浓硫酸的质量大于步骤一中所加入水的质量的3倍,随后继续搅拌,溶液中的糖类在浓硫酸作用下发生脱水碳化反应,搅拌总时间为10s~30min;
步骤三:将步骤二所得反应后的溶液倒入水中稀释,边倒边搅拌,使所得稀释溶液中含有硫酸的质量分数范围为5%~15%,含有糖类的质量分数范围为0.1%~2%,所得稀释溶液即为含碳点缓蚀剂的酸洗剂。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一步制备含碳点缓蚀剂的酸洗剂方法,其特征在于,步骤一所述的糖类为葡萄糖、淀粉、蔗糖、果糖中的一种或多种。
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