CN114886966B - 一种缓解舒尼替尼副作用的中药组合物及其制备方法和应用 - Google Patents
一种缓解舒尼替尼副作用的中药组合物及其制备方法和应用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明提供了一种缓解舒尼替尼副作用的中药组合物及其制备方法和应用,涉及中药技术领域,所述中药组合物包括以下重量份的原料:党参20‑50份、熟地黄8‑25份、麸炒白术6‑20份、茯苓8‑25份、当归4‑16份、白芍4‑16份、川穹4‑16份、炙甘草4‑16份、鸡血藤8‑25份和仙鹤草6‑20份。本发明提供了一种在八珍汤的基础上加味配伍的中药组合物,以期减轻舒尼替尼引起的血小板下降的程度,降低血小板下降的发生率,延缓血小板下降发生的时间,从而保证舒尼替尼的足量、足疗程治疗,进而提高舒尼替尼治疗效果,最终延长患者生存。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及中药技术领域,尤其涉及一种缓解舒尼替尼副作用的中药组合物及其制备方法和应用。
背景技术
肾细胞癌发病率近年呈上升趋势。目前在国内,靶向治疗药物依然是转移性肾癌(mRCC)的重要治疗手段,舒尼替尼是国内外公认的一线靶向治疗药物,可明显延长mRCC患者生存。然而,中国mRCC患者使用舒尼替尼后中重度血小板下降的发生率高达30%,远远超过欧美患者,而西医对此没有很好的处理手段。这一现状严重限制了舒尼替尼的临床应用,降低了其在临床上的实际疗效。
“八珍汤”是源于《瑞竹堂经验方》的古方,气血双补的经典代表方。本方常用于治疗久病失治,或病后失调,或失血过多而致的气血两虚证,由当归、川芎、白芍、熟地黄、人参、白术、茯苓、炙甘草八味中药组成。吴昆《医方考》卷:“血气俱须者,此方主之。人之身,气血而已。气者百骸之父,血者百骸之母,不可使其失养也。是方也,人参、白术、茯苓、甘草。甘温之品也,所以补气;当归、川芎、芍药、地黄,质润之品也,所以补血。气旺则百骸资之以生,血旺则百骸资之以养。形体既充,则百邪不入,故人乐有药饵焉。”明确地阐述了八珍汤的功效为益气养血、健脾益肾。多项临床研究观察了八珍汤治疗贫血或者白细胞下降较单独使用西药治疗有更好的改善趋势。但是,“八珍汤”在临床上对病人血小板的提升作用,疗效不够确切,效果有待提升。
发明内容
为了进一步缓解舒尼替尼治疗引起的mRCC患者血小板下降,本发明提供了一种在八珍汤的基础上加味配伍的中药组合物,以期减轻舒尼替尼引起的血小板下降的程度,降低血小板下降的发生率,延缓血小板下降发生的时间,从而保证舒尼替尼的足量、足疗程治疗,进而提高舒尼替尼治疗效果,最终延长患者生存。
为了实现上述发明目的,本发明提供了一种中药组合物,包括以下重量份的原料:党参20-50份、熟地黄8-25份、麸炒白术6-20份、茯苓8-25份、当归4-16份、白芍4-16份、川穹4-16份、炙甘草4-16份、鸡血藤8-25份和仙鹤草6-20份。
优选的,所述中药组合物包括以下重量份的原料:党参25-35份、熟地黄13-20份、麸炒白术10-14份、茯苓13-20份、当归8-12份、白芍8-12份、川穹8-12份、炙甘草8-12份、鸡血藤8-12份和仙鹤草10-14份。
优选的,所述中药组合物还包括药学上可接受的辅料,所述辅料包括稀释剂、赋形剂、填充剂、粘合剂、湿润剂、崩解剂、吸收促进剂、表面活性剂、吸附载体、润滑剂、香味剂和甜味剂中的一种或多种。
优选的,所述中药组合物的剂型为片剂、粉剂、粒剂、胶囊、滴丸、颗粒剂或口服液。
本发明还提供了一种上述技术方案所述中药组合物的制备方法,包括以下步骤:将各原料混合,以水加热提取两次以上,过滤,合并滤液,干燥,得到所述中药组合物。
优选的,第一次加热提取前,将水与原料混合浸泡30mi n以上。
优选的,每次加热提取时,水与原料总质量的质量比为8-15:1。。
优选的,当所述中药组合物为颗粒剂时,包括以下步骤:
(1)将各原料混合,以水加热提取两次以上,过滤,合并滤液得到提取液;
(2)将提取液浓缩至相对密度为1.08-1.10,得到浓缩浸膏;
(3)将浓缩浸膏与药学上可接受的辅料混合,喷雾干燥,制粒,得到中药组合物的颗粒剂。
本发明还提供了前述技术方案所述的中药组合物或上述技术方案所述制备方法得到的中药组合物在制备预防或治疗舒尼替尼副作用的药物中的应用。
本发明还提供了一种药物组合物,包括前述技术方案所述的中药组合物或前述技术方案所述制备方法得到的中药组合物所述制备方法得到的中药组合物,和舒尼替尼。
与现有技术相比,本发明的有益效果:
肾癌属于中医“腰痛”、“血尿”的范畴。mRCC患者属晚期肿瘤,在接受舒尼替尼治疗过程中常出现三系下降(国内患者以血小板下降最为明显)等症状,辨证应以气血双亏为主,究其根本为脾肾受损造成。中医药配合靶向治疗的主要作用在于利用中医的综合调理,提高机体本身抗病能力,减少不良反应,增加药物疗效。针对气血双亏证型的患者临床多采用补益脾肾的方法配合西医治疗。“八珍汤”是源于《瑞竹堂经验方》的古方,气血双补的经典代表方。本方常用于治疗久病失治,或病后失调,或失血过多而致的气血两虚证,由当归、川芎、白芍、熟地黄、人参、白术、茯苓、炙甘草八味中药组成。
本发明从补肾填精着手,以“八珍汤”为底方加减的方剂,加入“鸡血藤”和“仙鹤草”两味中药,利用其协同作用,用于治疗临床上血小板下降的病患,并制作成颗粒剂,以已方便患者使用,提高生物利用度。
本发明所述中药组合物中,党参与熟地相配,益气养血,共为君药;白术、茯苓健脾渗湿,协党参益气补脾,当归、白芍养血和营,助熟地补益阴血,均为臣药;佐以川芎活血行气,使之补而不滞,鸡血藤补血、活血、通络,仙鹤草收敛出血;炙甘草益气和中,调和诸药,为使药。以“君臣佐使”之意,既保留了“八珍汤”原有的特性,又促进了血小板的提升,对气血两亏型晚期肾癌患者更为合适。实验显示,采用本发明所述中药组合物对使用舒尼替尼治疗的转移性肾细胞癌(气血双亏证)患者进行预防性治疗后,患者血小板减少发生率显著低于对照组,严重血小板发生率降低,从而保证舒尼替尼的足量、足疗程治疗,进而提高舒尼替尼治疗效果,最终可延长患者生存。
附图说明
图1为实施例2中实验组与对照组血小板减少情况对比图;
其中,A为血小板减少发生率对比图;B为Ⅲ-Ⅳ级血小板减少发生率对比图;C为3月后血小板减少发生率对比图。
具体实施方式
下面将对本发明的技术方案进行描述。显然,所描述的实施例仅是本发明一部分实施方式,而不是全部的实施方式。需要说明的是,基于本发明中的这些实施例,本领域普通技术人员所获得的所有其他实施例,都属于本发明保护的范围。
本发明提供了一种中药组合物,包括以下重量份的原料:党参20-50份、熟地黄8-25份、麸炒白术6-20份、茯苓8-25份、当归4-16份、白芍4-16份、川穹4-16份、炙甘草4-16份、鸡血藤8-25份和仙鹤草6-20份;优选的包括:党参25-35份、熟地黄13-20份、麸炒白术10-14份、茯苓13-20份、当归8-12份、白芍8-12份、川穹8-12份、炙甘草8-12份、鸡血藤8-12份和仙鹤草10-14份;更优选的包括:党参30份、熟地黄15份、麸炒白术12份、茯苓15份、当归10份、白芍10份、川芎10份、炙甘草10份、鸡血藤15份和仙鹤草12份。
鸡血藤始载于《本草纲目拾遗》,其记载鸡血藤“活血”。《饮片新参》记载“鸡血藤去瘀血,生新血,流利经脉”。鸡血藤又名大血藤、血藤、三叶鸡血藤、血风藤,其品种繁多,《中华人民共和国药典》2020年版规定鸡血藤为豆科植物密花豆(SpatholobussuberectusDunn)的干燥藤茎。其性苦、甘,温。归肝、肾经。具有活血补血,调经止痛,舒筋活络。用于月经不调,痛经,经闭,风湿痹痛,麻木瘫痪,血虚萎黄。临床上常用单味药或以鸡血藤为主组方治疗各种原因引起的红细胞、白细胞、血小板等全血细胞减少性疾病,其有效成分鸡血藤醇提物具有升血小板的功效;鸡血藤总黄酮具有调节促红细胞生成素水平从而促进红系造血的作用。
仙鹤草始载于《本草图经》,《中华人民共和国药典(2020年版)》规定仙鹤草为蔷薇科植物龙芽草(Agrimonia pilosaLedeb.)的干燥地上部分。其性苦、涩,平。归心、肝经。具有收敛止血,截疟,止痢,解毒,补虚。用于咯血,吐血,崩漏下血,疟疾,血痢,痈肿疮毒,阴痒带下,脱力劳伤。现代药理研究仙鹤草含仙鹤草素、鞣质、皂苷、有机酸、挥发油等极其复杂的化学成分,研究表明,仙鹤草有增加外周血小板数目,提高血小板黏附性、聚集性或促进其伸展伪足,加速血小板内促凝物质释放,使凝血时间缩短,能有效提升I TP患儿体内血小板的数量,并且保证了机体内残余血小板的质量。有研究发现发现仙鹤草水提物对胶原、或花生四烯酸诱导的体外血小板聚集均有抑制作用。它明显抑制由胶原或凝血酶所促进的血栓烷的形成,它能干扰血小板膜内磷酸脂酶的激活,从而抑制血小板的凝集,减少血小板的破坏,增加外周血小板的数目。有学者对仙鹤草的不同成分促进化疗后血小板减少作用的研究中表明:其中的总糖苷成分有促进化疗后血小板恢复的作用,且总糖苷、三萜皂苷元和鞣质成分均有增加骨髓的造血组织面积,促进骨髓巨核细胞的增殖作用。
在本发明所述的中药组合物,为了改善八珍汤对血小板下降治疗效果不佳的问题,本发明在八珍汤的基础上添加了鸡血藤和仙鹤草,使之对血小板下降的疗效有明显的提升;鸡血藤的主要作用是直接提升血小板数量,而仙鹤草则着眼于减少血小板的破坏并同时保证新生血小板的正常功能,减少无效血小板的数量,两药协同,保质保量。
在本发明中,所述中药组合物还包括药学上可接受的辅料,所述辅料包括但不限于稀释剂、赋形剂、填充剂、粘合剂、湿润剂、崩解剂、吸收促进剂、表面活性剂、吸附载体、润滑剂、香味剂和甜味剂中的一种或多种。
在本发明中,所述中药组合物的剂型为片剂、粉剂、粒剂、胶囊、滴丸、颗粒剂或口服液;在本发明的一些具体实施方式中,所述中药组合物为颗粒剂以促进有效物质的吸收。
本发明还提供了一种上述技术方案所述中药组合物的制备方法,包括以下步骤:将各原料混合,以水加热提取两次以上,过滤,合并滤液,干燥,得到所述中药组合物。
本发明首先将党参20-50份、熟地黄8-25份、麸炒白术6-20份、茯苓8-25份、当归4-16份、白芍4-16份、川穹4-16份、炙甘草4-16份、鸡血藤8-25份和仙鹤草6-20份混合,得到原料混合物。将原料混合物与水按照质量比8-15:1的比例混合,浸泡30mi n以上,煮沸后加热1.5h以上,过滤,得到第一滤液和第一滤渣;将第一滤渣与水按照质量比8-15:1的比例混合,煮沸1h以上,过滤,得到第二滤液。合并第一滤液与第二滤液,得到提取液,干燥,得到中药组合物。在本发明中,所述干燥方式可以是喷雾干燥
在本发明的一些具体实施方式中,当所述中药组合物为颗粒剂时,制备方法还包括:将提取液减压浓缩至相对密度为1.08-1.10,得到浓缩浸膏。将浓缩浸膏与药学上可接受的辅料如糊精混合,喷雾干燥,干式制粒机制成水分含量低于5%的12-40目颗粒,得到中药组合物的颗粒剂。
本发明还提供了前述技术方案所述的中药组合物或上述技术方案所述制备方法得到的中药组合物在制备预防或治疗舒尼替尼副作用的药物中的应用。
本发明还提供了一种药物组合物,包括前述技术方案所述的中药组合物或前述技术方案所述制备方法得到的中药组合物所述制备方法得到的中药组合物,和舒尼替尼。本发明所述中药组合物可以与舒尼替尼一同使用以预防舒尼替尼引起的血小板下降,降低患者血小板下降发生率、减轻血小板下降程度、延缓血小板下降发生时间。本发明所述中药组合物也可以用于治疗因舒尼替尼引起的血小板下降。
下面结合实施例对本发明提供的技术方案进行详细的说明,但是不能把它们理解为对本发明保护范围的限定。下列实施例中未注明具体条件的实验方法,通常按照常规条件,或按照制造厂商所建议的条件。所有原料未注明合成方法的均购自探索平台、阿拉丁、Sigma-Aldrich等厂家,均为分析纯。
实施例1加味八珍颗粒
原料组成:党参30g、熟地黄15g、麸炒白术12g、茯苓15g、当归10g、白芍10g、川芎10g、炙甘草10g、鸡血藤15g、仙鹤草12g。
(1)按比例准确称取炮制好的各中药原料;
(2)将混放在一起的中药原料党参、熟地黄、麸炒白术、茯苓、当归、白芍、川芎、炙甘草、鸡血藤、仙鹤草放入提取罐,并向提取罐中加生活饮用水,搅拌,加水的量为称好的中药原料总质量的10倍,浸泡30分钟,武火加热至沸腾,改文火煎煮1.5h,停止加热,抽滤,留渣,得一次药液;
(3)再向盛有药渣的提取罐中加生活饮用水,搅拌,加水的量为称好的中药原料总质量的8倍,武火加热至沸腾,改文火煎煮1h,停止加热,过滤,弃渣,得二次药液,合并两次滤液;
(4)将合并滤液加入浓缩罐,减压浓缩,浓缩至相对密度为1.08~1.10时,停止加热,自然降温,得中药清膏;
(5)向降至室温的药物稠膏中添加糊精,糊精的添加量为称好的中药原料总质量的12%-14%,混合均匀,由喷雾干燥机制成中药粉末;
(6)将制成的中药粉末通过干式制粒机制成水分含量低于5%的12-40目的颗粒;
(7)颗粒装入药袋,封口,打码,送检,每袋12g,6小袋/剂药,即为一种预防性缓解晚期肾癌患者舒尼替尼治疗后血小板下降的中药颗粒成药。
实施例2
1、实验分组
使用“加味八珍颗粒”治疗转移性肾细胞癌(气血双亏证)患者62例,其中:
试验组31例,均接受舒尼替尼50mgqd 4/2方案+实施例1制备得到的加味八珍颗粒治疗;
对照组31例,均接受舒尼替尼50mgqd 4/2方案+安慰剂治疗。
末次随访时间:2022-2-28。
试验组中位年龄65(18-80)岁,其中23例(74.2%)为男性,均为mRCC患者,临床分期IV期,最常见的转移部位分别为肺(71.0%)、骨(29.0%)、肝(22.6%),4例患者ECOG体力状态评分为1分,其余受试者ECOG评分均为0分;对照组中位年龄60(40-69)岁,其中20例(64.5%)为男性,均为mRCC患者,临床分期IV期,最常见的转移部位分别为肺(67.7%)、肝(32.3%)、骨(19.4%),2例患者ECOG评分为1分,其余受试者ECOG评分均为0分。
2、实验结果
(1)“加味八珍颗粒”组血小板减少发生率低于对照组,同时3-4级血小板减少发生率低于对照组。
“加味八珍颗粒”试验组31例患者中个共有17例患者发生血小板减少(图1A),其中2例出现3-4级血小板减少(图1B),应用“加味八珍颗粒”3个月后,有2例患者持续血小板减少(图1C),无3-4级血小板减少发生;而对照组中31例患者有24例患者发生血小板减少(图1A),其中6例出现3-4级血小板减少(图1B),7例患者3月后持续血小板减少(图1C)。另外,“加味八珍颗粒”组中无患者因血小板减少导致舒尼替尼减药,而对照组共12例患者因2-3级以上血小板减少导致舒尼替尼减药,其中4例患者最终因持续血小板重度下降导致舒尼替尼停药(后改用其他药物治疗)。
(2)“加味八珍颗粒”安全性与对照组无明显差异
“加味八珍颗粒”试验组患者肝功能异常3例,对照组患者肝功能受损2例;“加味八珍颗粒”组患者肾功能受损2例,对照组患者肾功能受损2例;“加味八珍颗粒”组患者白细胞均无明显异常,对照组患者白细胞亦无异常;“加味八珍颗粒”组患者凝血功能均无明显异常,对照组患者凝血功能受损1例;“加味八珍颗粒”组患者心电图均无明显异常,对照组患者心电图亦无明显异常;“加味八珍颗粒”组无患者因药物不良反应导致舒尼替尼及“加味八珍汤”减药或停药,对照组共12例(38.7%)患者因血小板减少导致舒尼替尼减量,最终有4例(12.9%)患者因血小板减少导致舒尼替尼停药;两组均无患者死于舒尼替尼药物不良事件。
综上所述,本发明提供的中药组合物安全性好,能够有效预防或治疗因舒尼替尼引起的血小板降低发生率和发生程度,有助于延长患者使用舒尼替尼治疗时间,延长生存时间。
以上所述仅是本发明的优选实施方式,应当指出,对于本技术领域的普通技术人员来说,在不脱离本发明原理的前提下,还可以作出若干改进和润饰,这些改进和润饰也应视为本发明的保护范围。
Claims (8)
1.一种中药组合物,其特征在于,所述中药组合物由以下重量份的原料组成:
党参 25-35份
熟地黄 13-20份
麸炒白术 10-14份
茯苓 13-20份
当归 8-12份
白芍 8-12份
川穹 8-12份
炙甘草 8-12份
鸡血藤 8-12份
仙鹤草 10-14份。
2.根据权利要求1所述的中药组合物,其特征在于,所述中药组合物还包括药学上可接受的辅料,所述辅料包括稀释剂、赋形剂、填充剂、粘合剂、湿润剂、崩解剂、吸收促进剂、表面活性剂、吸附载体、润滑剂、香味剂和甜味剂中的一种或多种。
3.根据权利要求1所述的药物组合物,其特征在于,所述中药组合物的剂型为片剂、粉剂、粒剂、胶囊、滴丸或口服液。
4.一种权利要求1-3任意一项所述中药组合物的制备方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
将各原料混合,以水加热提取两次以上,过滤,合并滤液,干燥,得到所述中药组合物。
5.根据权利要求4所述的制备方法,其特征在于,每次加热提取时,水与原料总质量的质量比为8-15:1。
6.根据权利要求5所述的制备方法,其特征在于,当所述中药组合物为颗粒剂时,包括以下步骤:
(1)将各原料混合,以水加热提取两次以上,过滤,合并滤液得到提取液;
(2)将提取液浓缩至相对密度为1.08-1.10,得到浓缩浸膏;
(3)将浓缩浸膏与药学上可接受的辅料混合,喷雾干燥,制粒,得到中药组合物的颗粒剂。
7.权利要求1-3任意一项所述的中药组合物或权利要求4-6任意一项所述制备方法得到的中药组合物在制备预防舒尼替尼副作用的药物中的应用。
8.一种药物组合物,其特征在于,包括权利要求1-3任意一项所述的中药组合物或权利要求4-6任意一项所述制备方法得到的中药组合物,和舒尼替尼。
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