CN114874304B - Silkworm sericin extraction process - Google Patents
Silkworm sericin extraction process Download PDFInfo
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- CN114874304B CN114874304B CN202210699206.2A CN202210699206A CN114874304B CN 114874304 B CN114874304 B CN 114874304B CN 202210699206 A CN202210699206 A CN 202210699206A CN 114874304 B CN114874304 B CN 114874304B
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07K—PEPTIDES
- C07K14/00—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof
- C07K14/435—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof from animals; from humans
- C07K14/43504—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof from animals; from humans from invertebrates
- C07K14/43563—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof from animals; from humans from invertebrates from insects
- C07K14/43586—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof from animals; from humans from invertebrates from insects from silkworms
Abstract
The invention relates to the field of silk processing, in particular to a sericin extraction process, which comprises the following steps: s1, removing silkworm chrysalis from silkworm cocoons; s2, cleaning and drying the silkworm cocoons from which the silkworm chrysalis is removed in the step S1; s3, shearing the silkworm cocoons dried in the step S2 into silkworm cocoon fragments; s4, performing ammonia fumigation on the silkworm cocoon fragments obtained in the step S3 through fumigation equipment 1 for 1h; s5, pouring the fumigated silkworm cocoon fragments in the step S4 into a degumming tank 2, heating to 90-95 ℃, wherein the degumming liquid is a sodium carbonate solution, the concentration of the sodium carbonate solution is 2.5%, the bath ratio is 1:50, degumming for 30 minutes, wherein the mixture in the degumming tank needs to be continuously stirred in the degumming process, and filtering is carried out after 30 minutes to obtain the sericin containing a sodium carbonate solution; and S6, repeatedly cleaning the sericin containing the sodium carbonate solution obtained in the step S5 by using deionized water, filtering, and cleaning the sodium carbonate solution coated on the sericin.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of silk processing, in particular to a sericin extraction process.
Background
Silk mainly comprises silk sericin and two kinds of protein of silk fibroin, is generally called silk fibroin, and silk sericin surrounds on silk fibroin's top layer, plays adhesive effect, and silk sericin and silk fibroin have different structures and performance: the sericin is globular protein, has a secondary structure mainly comprising random coil, has poor stability, and can be dissolved in hot water, acid, alkali, protease, low-concentration sodium carbonate solution, etc.; the silk fibroin is fibrous protein, contains a large amount of crystal structures, has stable performance, can be dissolved in solutions of high-concentration calcium chloride, calcium chloride ethanol water mixed solution, lithium bromide and the like, therefore, proper dissolving solution can be selected for extraction treatment according to the solubility difference and the practical application requirements of the silk fibroin in different solutions to obtain various silk proteins with different structures and performances, and the silk fibroin can be used for processing and preparing cosmetics, food additives, biological tissue repair materials, high water absorption materials, drug carriers, cell culture mediums and other functional materials with different forms.
However, in the prior art, the extraction of sericin is often incomplete, sericin in silkworm cocoons cannot be completely extracted, the extraction rate of sericin is very low, and thus material waste is caused, and even if an extraction method is adopted to efficiently extract sericin, the amount of disposable silkworm cocoons is extremely limited due to the limitation of special conditions, and the amount of the disposable silkworm cocoons is very small, so that the extraction efficiency is extremely low, for example, the application number is as follows: CN201410828143.1 discloses a method for extracting fibroin, which discloses fumigating with ammonia gas before degumming, and the following patents describe: the step two, namely, the silkworm cocoon fragments are fumigated by ammonia gas, specifically, the silkworm cocoon fragments are spread on a screen mesh, ammonia gas is introduced into a closed environment for fumigation, and the using amount of the ammonia gas is 0.5-0.8kg of ammonia gas for fumigating the spread silkworm cocoon fragments with one square meter; in the third step, the mass fraction of the sodium bicarbonate aqueous solution is 15-20% ", so that when the sodium bicarbonate aqueous solution is used for fumigating the silkworm cocoon fragments, the silkworm cocoon fragments are required to be spread on a screen, if the fumigating effect is good, only a thin layer can be spread, the amount of the silkworm cocoon fragments subjected to degumming each time is very small, once the silkworm cocoon fragments are spread on the screen too thickly, the middle silkworm cocoon fragments cannot be fumigated by ammonia gas or are fully fumigated, and therefore, although the reelability of the silkworm cocoon fragments is greatly improved by the fumigation of the ammonia gas, the silk fibroin extraction rate can be greatly improved finally, the method greatly reduces the working efficiency, cannot meet the large social demand on the silkworm sericin, and has the advantages of high efficiency and high fumigating efficiency, and the extraction of the silk keratin is realized by using fumigating equipment with large disposable quantity and good fumigating effect.
Disclosure of Invention
Technical problem to be solved
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention aims to provide a silkworm sericin extraction process, which solves the problems in the prior art, not only greatly improves the extraction rate of silkworm sericin, but also can realize the extraction of the sericin of silkworm cocoon fragments in a large batch at one time, greatly improves the working efficiency, further can realize the extraction of the silkworm sericin in a large batch, and meets the social requirements.
(II) technical scheme
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme: a sericin extraction process is characterized by comprising the following steps: s1, removing silkworm chrysalis from silkworm cocoons; s2, cleaning and drying the silkworm cocoons from which the silkworm chrysalis is removed in the step S1; s3, shearing the silkworm cocoons dried in the step S2 into silkworm cocoon fragments; s4, performing ammonia fumigation on the silkworm cocoon fragments obtained in the step S3 through fumigation equipment, wherein the fumigation time is 1h; and S5, pouring the fumigated silkworm cocoon fragments in the step S4 into a degumming tank, heating to 90-95 ℃, wherein the degumming solution is a sodium carbonate solution, the concentration of the sodium carbonate solution is 2.5%, the bath ratio is 1:50, degumming for 30 minutes, wherein the mixture in the degumming tank needs to be continuously stirred in the degumming process, and filtering is carried out after 30 minutes to obtain the sericin containing a sodium carbonate solution; s6, repeatedly cleaning the sericin containing the sodium carbonate solution obtained in the step S5 by using deionized water, filtering, cleaning the sodium carbonate solution coated on the sericin, and obtaining the sericin solution after cleaning; s7, obtaining the sericin protein by the sericin protein solution obtained in the S6 by a dialysis method: firstly putting the sericin solution into a dialysis bag, wherein the molecular weight which can be intercepted by the dialysis bag is 3000-5000D, then dialyzing for 3 days by running water, then dialyzing for 12 hours by deionized water, then filtering to obtain a precipitate, then carrying out suction filtration by absolute ethyl alcohol, and drying to obtain white crystalline sericin.
Preferably, fumigation equipment in S4 includes the fumigation case, the top of fumigation case is equipped with the upper cover that can open and shut, on cover the intercommunication and have the upper end of breather pipe, the lower extreme intercommunication of breather pipe has the gas holder, be fixed with a plurality of screens under the internal face of fumigation case from the top down in proper order, the material of screen cloth is the rubber band, its four sides are fixed in proper order on the internal face of four sides of fumigation case, four edges are fixed with one deck balloon membrane on its bottom surface, the last fixed surface of balloon membrane has the lower extreme of a plurality of rubber bands, the juncture of mesh and mesh on the screen cloth is fixed to the upper end of rubber band.
Preferably, two prickers are fixed on the upper surface of the screen, and the two prickers are respectively fixed on the left side and the right side of the screen.
Preferably, the screen cloth includes the screen cloth body, and screen cloth body fixedly connected with frame, the surface mounting of frame is at the internal face of fumigation case, and its bottom surface is fixed with the balloon membrane.
Preferably, the shape of the mesh is rectangular, one end of a rubber band which is inclined outwards and downwards is fixed at each of four corners of the bottom surface of the mesh, the other end of the rubber band is fixed on a collection column, the collection column is positioned on a central vertical line of cross junctions of the four meshes, and the bottom surface of the collection column is fixed on the upper surface of the air balloon membrane.
Preferably, the pond of coming unstuck in S5 is including the pond body that comes unstuck, and the left and right sides of the pond body that comes unstuck is equipped with left branch strut portion and right branch strut portion rather than integrated into one piece respectively, and the upper surface of left branch strut portion is equipped with the fumigation case, and the bottom surface right side edge portion of fumigation case is in the same place with the upper surface of left branch strut portion is articulated, and its height is greater than the length of the pond body that comes unstuck, and detachably is connected with a plurality of shutter on its right flank, and the shutter setting is in the top of screen cloth.
Preferably, an arc-shaped rubber strip is fixed on the upper surface of the right supporting part.
Preferably, the fumigation box comprises a plurality of sub fumigation boxes and a bottom plate, wherein the bottom surface of the last sub fumigation box is fixed with an insertion frame, the top surface of the next sub fumigation box and the top surface of the bottom plate are provided with insertion grooves matched with the insertion frames, the inner wall of each insertion groove is fixed with the outer wall surface of a silica gel slot, and the width of each silica gel slot is slightly smaller than that of each insertion frame.
Preferably, the degumming tank body is internally provided with a sericin collecting box, the sericin collecting box is internally provided with a sericin filter box, and the inner wall surface of the sericin filter box is fully distributed with salient points.
Preferably, the sericin filter box is provided with octagonal filter holes, and a stirring mechanism is arranged on the filter holes.
(III) advantageous effects
1. The invention aims to provide a sericin protein extraction process, which introduces fumigation equipment with a special structure to fully fumigate silkworm cocoons before degumming with ammonia gas, so that the reelability of the silkworm cocoons is improved, the extraction rate of the sericin protein is greatly improved, the quantity of the silkworm cocoons fumigated at one time is greatly increased, and the working efficiency is greatly improved;
2. according to the invention, through arranging the structures such as the screen mesh, the balloon membrane and the rubber band made of the rubber band materials in the fumigation box, the cocoons with larger quantities can be fumigated fully in the fumigation box to the greatest extent through the mutual linkage effect, and in addition, the whole power source is the introduction of ammonia, so that the intervention of external energy is not needed, and the energy-saving and environment-friendly effects are achieved;
3. according to the invention, the fumigation box is hinged with the degumming tank, so that the silkworm cocoon fragments in the fumigation box can be conveniently taken out;
4. according to the invention, the sericin collecting box, the sericin filtering box and the stirring mechanism are arranged in the degumming tank body, and meanwhile, the filtering holes in the sericin filtering box are octagonal, and the salient points are arranged on the filtering holes, so that the extraction efficiency and the extraction quality of the sericin are greatly improved.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is an overall schematic diagram of the fumigation apparatus of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of the fumigation chamber of the present invention.
Figure 3 is an overall schematic view of a screen according to the present invention.
FIG. 4 is a detailed view of the rubber band and gathering posts on the bottom surface of a cut-out portion of a screen of the present invention.
FIG. 5 is an overall schematic view of the degumming tank according to the present invention.
Fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of the specific connection between the fumigation apparatus and the degumming tank according to the present invention.
FIG. 7 is an exploded view of the fumigation chamber of the present invention.
FIG. 8 is a schematic view of the sub-fumigation chamber of the present invention.
FIG. 9 is a top view of the degumming tank body, the silk fibroin collecting box and the silk fibroin filtering box according to the present invention.
In the figure: 1-fumigation equipment, 1-1-fumigation box, 1-1-1-sub-fumigation box, 1-1-2-bottom plate, 1-1-3-plug frame, 1-1-4-plug groove, 1-1-5-silica gel slot, 1-2-upper cover, 1-3-vent pipe, 1-4-gas storage tank, 1-5-screen mesh, 1-5-1-screen mesh body, 1-5-2-frame, 1-6-balloon membrane, 1-7-rubber band, 1-8-mesh, 1-9-felting needle, 1-10-gathering column, 1-11-baffle door, 2-degumming pool, 2-1-degumming pool body, 2-2-left support part, 2-3-right support part, 2-4-arc rubber strip, 2-5-sericin collection box and 2-6-sericin filter box.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to fig. 1 to 9 in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
The invention provides a technical scheme that: a sericin extraction process is characterized by comprising the following steps: s1, removing silkworm chrysalis from silkworm cocoons; s2, cleaning and drying the silkworm cocoons of which the silkworm pupas are removed in the step S1; s3, shearing the silkworm cocoons dried in the step S2 into silkworm cocoon fragments; s4, performing ammonia fumigation on the silkworm cocoon fragments obtained in the step S3 through fumigation equipment 1 for 1h; s5, pouring the fumigated silkworm cocoon fragments in the step S4 into a degumming tank 2, heating to 90-95 ℃, wherein the degumming liquid is a sodium carbonate solution, the concentration of the sodium carbonate solution is 2.5%, the bath ratio is 1:50, degumming for 30 minutes, wherein in the degumming process, the mixture in the degumming tank needs to be continuously stirred, and filtering is carried out after 30 minutes to obtain the sericin containing a sodium carbonate solution; s6, repeatedly cleaning the sericin containing the sodium carbonate solution obtained in the step S5 by using deionized water, filtering, cleaning the sodium carbonate solution coated on the sericin, and obtaining the sericin solution after cleaning; s7, obtaining the sericin protein by the sericin protein solution obtained in the S6 by a dialysis method: firstly, putting a sericin solution into a dialysis bag, wherein the molecular weight intercepted by the dialysis bag is 3000-5000D, dialyzing for 3 days by running water, dialyzing for 12 hours by deionized water, filtering to obtain a precipitate, performing suction filtration by absolute alcohol, and drying to obtain white crystalline sericin.
S4, a fumigating device 1 comprises a fumigating box 1-1, an openable upper cover 1-2 is arranged at the top of the fumigating box 1-1, the upper cover 1-2 is communicated with the upper end of a vent pipe 1-3, the lower end of the vent pipe 1-3 is communicated with an air storage tank 1-4, a plurality of screen meshes 1-5 are sequentially fixed on the inner wall surface of the fumigating box 1-1 from top to bottom, the screen meshes 1-5 are made of rubber bands, four sides of the screen meshes 1-5 are sequentially fixed on the inner wall surfaces of four side surfaces of the fumigating box 1-1, a layer of balloon membrane 1-6 is fixed at four edges on the bottom surface, the lower ends of a plurality of rubber bands 1-7 are fixed on the upper surface of the balloon membrane 1-6, the upper ends of the rubber bands 1-7 are fixed at the junction of meshes 1-8 and meshes 1-8 on the screen meshes 1-5, when silkworm cocoon fragments need to be fumigated, firstly, opening the upper cover 1-2, pouring silkworm cocoon fragments into the upper cover, wherein the silkworm cocoon fragments are stacked on the uppermost screen mesh 1-5, then closing the upper cover 1-2, because a closed space needs to be kept when ammonia fumigation is carried out, the upper cover 1-2 can be spliced with the fumigation box 1-1, a splicing frame is fixed on the bottom surface of the upper cover 1-2, a splicing groove is arranged on the top surface of the fumigation box 1-1, a silica gel slot is fixed in the splicing groove, the splicing frame is extruded and inserted into the silica gel slot, thus achieving good fixing and sealing effects, a handle can be fixed on the top surface of the upper cover 1-2 to facilitate the opening and closing of the upper cover 1-2, and ammonia gas is introduced into the fumigation box 1-1 after the upper cover 1-2 is closed, wherein the air storage tank 1-4 stores compressed ammonia gas, the air pipe 1-3 is provided with a gas flow controller which can control the gas flow, the proper flow is selected to introduce the ammonia gas into the fumigation box 1-1, the air balloon membrane 1-6 can be slowly enlarged along with the continuous introduction of the ammonia gas into the fumigation box 1-1, which is equivalent to a process of blowing air balloons, and it needs to be explained that when silkworm cocoon fragments are piled up together, because the silkworm cocoon fragments are not in a compacted state, gaps are still left among the silkworm cocoon fragments, but the gas is not hole-free and can reach the air balloon membrane 1-6 through the gaps, the process of blowing the silkworm cocoon fragments to be large is only slow, in order to ensure that the air balloon membrane 1-6 can be blown to be large more quickly, the edge screen mesh can not be blocked when the silkworm cocoon fragments are placed, therefore, ammonia gas can blow the balloon membrane 1-6 downwards to be large, the rubber band 1-7 can pull the screen mesh 1-5 downwards in the process that the balloon membrane 1-6 is blown to be large, the screen mesh 1-5 can pull the mesh 1-8 on the screen mesh 1-5 to be large in the process that the screen mesh 1-5 is pulled downwards, then silkworm cocoon fragments can fall downwards from the mesh 1-8 and fall into the balloon membrane 1-6, the screen mesh 1-5 can deform to a certain degree in the falling process, and therefore the silkworm cocoon fragments on the screen mesh 1-5 can move and roll to a certain degree, the fumigating effect is better, the silkworm cocoon fragments falling downwards can also roll and shift in the falling process, and the fumigating is more sufficient, and the balloon membrane 1-6 can become larger and larger along with the continuous introduction of ammonia gas into the steaming box 1-1, the bottommost end of the enlarged balloon membrane 1-6 can abut against the screen mesh 1-5 below the enlarged balloon membrane, namely the second screen mesh 1-5 from top to bottom, the second screen mesh 1-5 can be abutted downwards to deform until the balloon membrane 1-6 is cracked, the silkworm cocoon fragments originally falling into the air inlet balloon membrane 1-6 can be cracked when the second screen mesh 1-5 is cracked, the cracked silkworm cocoon fragments can fall onto the second screen mesh 1-5, the silkworm cocoon fragments in the balloon membrane 1-6 are fully dispersed in the process of being cracked, so that the fully dispersed silkworm cocoon fragments can be fully fumigated by ammonia, and in the process of being cracked, the uppermost screen mesh 1-5 can rebound up and down due to no downward pulling force, the process of rebounding up and down plays a good role in rolling the remaining silkworm cocoon fragments on the second screen mesh 1-5, so that the silkworm cocoon fragments on the second screen mesh can be fully fumigated, the second screen mesh 1-5 can generate a rebounding process due to the fact that the second screen mesh is not subjected to downward resistance of the air ball membrane 1-6, the silkworm cocoon fragments falling on the second screen mesh can be shaken, the second screen mesh can be further rolled, the fumigating effect is more sufficient, the air ball membrane 1-6 on the third screen mesh 1-5 can be slowly blown large along with continuous introduction of ammonia gas, then the process on the second screen mesh 1-5 is repeated, the silkworm cocoon fragments can be fumigated fully after passing through the screen meshes 1-5 layer by layer, and the reelability of the silkworm cocoon fragments can be greatly improved.
The two puncture needles 1-9 are fixed on the upper surface of the screen 1-5, and the two puncture needles 1-9 are respectively fixed on the left side and the right side of the screen 1-5, because the air ball membrane 1-6 has the problem of difficult cracking or too long cracking time in the process of enlarging, the puncture needles 1-9 are needed to puncture the air ball membrane, and the puncture needles 1-9 are arranged on the two sides of the screen 1-5, because the middle part of the air ball membrane 1-6 is not influenced to extrude the screen 1-5 below the air ball membrane in the process of enlarging, and the two sides of the air ball membrane 1-6 are relatively slowly enlarged until the air ball membrane is enlarged to touch the puncture needles 1-9, and the air ball membrane will crack.
The screen 1-5 comprises a screen body 1-5-1, the screen body 1-5-1 is fixedly connected with a frame 1-5-2, the outer surface of the frame 1-5-2 is fixed on the inner wall surface of the fumigation box 1-1, an air balloon membrane 1-6 is fixed on the bottom surface of the frame, and the frame 1-5-2 is convenient to fix with the inner wall of the fumigation box 1-1 and the air balloon membrane 1-6.
The mesh 1-8 is rectangular, one end of a rubber band 1-7 which inclines outwards and downwards is fixed at each of four corners of the bottom surface of the mesh 1-8, the other end of the rubber band 1-7 is fixed on a gathering column 1-10, the gathering column 1-10 is positioned on a central vertical line of a cross junction of the four mesh 1-8, the bottom surface of the gathering column is fixed on the upper surface of an air balloon membrane 1-6, the rubber band 1-7 can pull four corners of the mesh 1-8 outwards and downwards in the process of enlarging the air balloon membrane 1-6 in the arrangement mode, so that silkworm cocoon fragments on the screen 1-5 can fall downwards conveniently, the four rubber bands 1-7 are fixed on the gathering column 1-10, and when the rubber bands 1-7 and the air balloon membrane 1-6 are fixed, the gathering column 1-10 is only required to be fixed on the air balloon membrane 1-6, and therefore much time is saved.
The degumming tank 2 in the S5 comprises a degumming tank body 2-1, a left supporting part 2-2 and a right supporting part 2-3 which are integrally formed with the degumming tank body 2-1 are respectively arranged at the left side and the right side of the degumming tank body 2-1, a fumigation box 1-1 is arranged on the upper surface of the left supporting part 2-2, the right side edge part of the bottom surface of the fumigation box 1-1 is hinged with the upper surface of the left supporting part 2-2, the height of the fumigation box is larger than the length of the degumming tank body 2-1, a plurality of baffle doors 1-11 are detachably connected on the right side surface of the fumigation box 2-2, the baffle doors 1-11 are arranged above the screen meshes 1-5, through the mode, after the silkworm cocoon fragment is fumigated, the baffle doors 1-11 can be opened, after the opening, the fumigation box 1-1 can be inclined to the right side for 90 degrees, so that the collision process is generated between the right side surface of the fumigation box 1-1 near the top part and the right supporting part 2-3, thus, the silkworm cocoon fragments in the fumigation box 1-1 fall into the degumming tank body 2-1 from the opening of the baffle door 1-11, if the silkworm cocoon fragments are to be poured more thoroughly, the fumigation box 1-1 can be poured rightwards for a plurality of times until all the silkworm cocoon fragments in the fumigation box are poured into the degumming tank body 2-1, the silkworm cocoon fragments are very conveniently taken out from the fumigation box 1-1, wherein the fumigation box 1-1 is provided with a socket matched with the baffle door 1-11, a sealing gasket is arranged between the fumigation box 1-1 and the baffle door 1-11 for sealing, in addition, the silkworm cocoon fragments poured into the degumming tank body 2-1 can be mixed with a cracked balloon membrane 1-6, and the balloon membrane 1-6 can be colored for sobering, for example, red, therefore, the fragments of the air ball membrane 1-6 in the degumming tank body 2-1 can be conveniently selected.
The upper surface of the right supporting part 2-3 is fixed with an arc-shaped rubber strip 2-4, and the arc-shaped rubber strip 2-4 can play a role in protecting the fumigation box 1-1 when the fumigation box 1-1 collides with the right supporting part 2-3.
The fumigation box 1-1 comprises a plurality of sub fumigation boxes 1-1-1 and a bottom plate 1-1-2, wherein the bottom surface of the previous sub fumigation box 1-1-1 is fixed with an insertion frame 1-1-3, the top surface of the next sub fumigation box 1-1-1 and the top surface of the bottom plate 1-1-2 are provided with insertion grooves 1-1-4 matched with the insertion frame 1-1-3, the inner walls of the insertion grooves 1-1-4 are fixed with the outer wall surfaces of silica gel insertion grooves 1-1-5, the width of the silica gel insertion grooves 1-1-5 is slightly smaller than that of the insertion frames 1-1-3, and the new balloon membranes 1-6 can be conveniently fixed when the next fumigation is needed after one fumigation is completed in the mode, and the balloon membranes 1-6 are already exploded in the previous fumigation, so that the new balloon membranes 1-6 can be conveniently fixed and the sealing performance of the fumigation box 1-1-1 can be ensured to be in a sealed environment during fumigation.
The degumming tank body 2-1 is internally provided with a silk fibroin collecting box 2-5, the silk fibroin collecting box 2-5 is internally provided with a silk fibroin filtering box 2-6, and the inner wall surface of the silk fibroin filtering box 2-6 is fully distributed with salient points, so that the degummed silk fibroin eggs can be conveniently taken out, wherein the salient points are arranged so as to facilitate the processes of collision and friction of silk cocoon fragments and silk cocoon fragments during stirring, and further facilitate degumming.
The sericin filter box 2-6 is provided with octagonal filter holes, and is provided with a stirring mechanism, wherein the stirring mechanism can adopt a mode of fixing and stirring by a motor to centrifugally stir the mixture in the degumming tank body 2-1, in the stirring process, the sericin which is taken off can enter the sericin collecting box 2-5 through the octagonal filter holes, in the process, the octagonal filter holes can carry out the shearing process in the centrifugal direction on the sericin, and the shearing process can enable the sericin to be more fine and not to be coagulated into flocculent, thereby facilitating the later dialysis.
The working principle is as follows: when degumming of sericin on the silkworm cocoon is required, S1, removing silkworm pupas in the silkworm cocoon; s2, cleaning and drying the silkworm cocoons from which the silkworm chrysalis is removed in the step S1; s3, shearing the silkworm cocoons dried in the step S2 into silkworm cocoon fragments; s4, performing ammonia fumigation on the silkworm cocoon fragments obtained in the step S3 through the fumigation equipment 1, wherein the fumigation time is 1h, and the fumigation equipment 1 can fully fumigate the silkworm cocoon fragments with larger amount; s5, pouring the fumigated silkworm cocoon fragments in the step S4 into a degumming tank 2, heating to 90-95 ℃, wherein the degumming liquid is a sodium carbonate solution, the concentration of the sodium carbonate solution is 2.5%, the bath ratio is 1:50, degumming for 30 minutes, wherein in the degumming process, the mixture in the degumming tank 2 needs to be continuously stirred, and filtering is carried out after 30 minutes to obtain the sericin containing the sodium carbonate solution; s6, repeatedly cleaning the sericin containing the sodium carbonate solution obtained in the step S5 by using deionized water, filtering, cleaning the sodium carbonate solution coated on the sericin, and obtaining the sericin solution after cleaning; s7, obtaining the sericin by the sericin solution obtained in the S6 by a dialysis method: firstly, silkworm sericin solution is put into a dialysis bag, the molecular weight which can be intercepted by the dialysis bag is 3000-5000D, then, running water is used for dialysis for 3 days, then, deionized water is used for dialysis for 12 hours, then, filtration is carried out to obtain precipitate, then, absolute ethyl alcohol is used for suction filtration and drying to obtain white crystalline silkworm sericin, then, the white crystalline silkworm sericin is fermented through a fermentation process to finally obtain liquid silkworm sericin, the liquid silkworm sericin can be added into products such as cosmetics and the like, and through a fumigation device with a special structure and a degumming tank, sufficient ammonia fumigation is carried out on silkworm cocoons before degumming, the reelability of the silkworm cocoons is improved, so that the extraction rate of the silkworm sericin is greatly improved, compared with the conventional extraction mode, the extraction rate of the silkworm sericin can be improved by nearly 20%, meanwhile, the amount of the silkworm cocoons subjected to one-time fumigation is greatly increased, and the working efficiency is greatly improved.
Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made in these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined in the appended claims and their equivalents.
Claims (7)
1. A sericin extraction process is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, removing silkworm chrysalis from silkworm cocoons;
s2, cleaning and drying the silkworm cocoons from which the silkworm chrysalis is removed in the step S1;
s3, shearing the silkworm cocoons dried in the step S2 into silkworm cocoon fragments;
s4, performing ammonia fumigation on the silkworm cocoon fragments obtained in the step S3 through fumigation equipment (1), wherein the fumigation time is 1h;
s5, pouring the fumigated silkworm cocoon fragments in the step S4 into a degumming tank (2), heating to 90-95 ℃, wherein the degumming solution is a sodium carbonate solution, the degumming time is 30 minutes, the mixture in the degumming tank needs to be continuously stirred in the degumming process, and after 30 minutes, filtering is carried out to obtain the silkworm sericin protein containing the sodium carbonate solution;
s6, repeatedly cleaning the sericin containing the sodium carbonate solution obtained in the S5 by using deionized water, filtering, cleaning the sodium carbonate solution coated on the sericin, and obtaining the sericin solution after cleaning;
s7, obtaining the sericin protein by the sericin protein solution obtained in the S6 by a dialysis method: firstly, putting a sericin solution into a dialysis bag, wherein the molecular weight which can be intercepted by the dialysis bag is 3000-5000D, then dialyzing for 3 days with running water, then dialyzing for 12 hours with deionized water, then filtering to obtain a precipitate, then carrying out suction filtration with absolute ethyl alcohol, and drying to obtain white crystalline sericin;
the fumigation device (1) in the S4 comprises a fumigation box (1-1), an upper cover (1-2) which can be opened and closed is arranged at the top of the fumigation box (1-1), the upper cover (1-2) is communicated with the upper end of a vent pipe (1-3), the lower end of the vent pipe (1-3) is communicated with an air storage tank (1-4), a plurality of screens (1-5) are sequentially fixed on the inner wall surface of the fumigation box (1-1) from top to bottom, the screens (1-5) are made of rubber bands, four sides of the rubber bands are sequentially fixed on the inner wall surfaces of four side surfaces of the fumigation box (1-1), a layer of balloon membrane (1-6) is fixed on four edges of the bottom surface of the rubber bands, the lower ends of a plurality of rubber bands (1-7) are fixed on the upper surface of the air balloon membrane (1-6), and the upper ends of the rubber bands (1-7) are fixed on the junction of meshes (1-8) on the screens (1-5) and meshes (1-8);
two pricking pins (1-9) are fixed on the upper surfaces of the screens (1-5), and the two pricking pins (1-9) are respectively fixed on the left side and the right side of the screens (1-5);
the screen (1-5) comprises a screen body (1-5-1), the screen body (1-5-1) is fixedly connected with a frame (1-5-2), the outer surface of the frame (1-5-2) is fixed on the inner wall surface of the fumigation box (1-1), and the bottom surface of the frame is fixed with the balloon membrane (1-6);
in the step S4, the specific steps and the principle of fumigating the silkworm cocoon fragments through the fumigation box (1-1) are as follows: firstly opening the upper cover (1-2), pouring silkworm cocoon fragments into the upper cover, wherein the silkworm cocoon fragments are stacked on the uppermost screen (1-5), then closing the upper cover (1-2), introducing ammonia gas into the fumigation box (1-1), wherein the air balloon membrane (1-6) is slowly enlarged along with the continuous introduction of the ammonia gas into the fumigation box (1-1), the rubber band (1-7) pulls the screen (1-5) downwards in the process that the air balloon membrane (1-6) is blown to be large, the screen (1-5) pulls meshes (1-8) on the screen (1-5) upwards in the process that the screen (1-5) is pulled downwards, the silkworm cocoon fragments fall downwards from the meshes (1-8) and fall into the air balloon membrane (1-6), the screen (1-5) deforms in the process that the screen (1-5) falls, the silkworm cocoon fragments on the screen (1-5) move and roll, the falling silkworm cocoon fragments fall downwards, the ammonia gas in the air balloon membrane (1-6) falls downwards, and the steam cocoon fragments are pushed to be larger and become larger along with the ammonia gas flow from the bottom of the fumigation box (1-5) so that the steam of the steamed cocoon fragments (1-5) is larger and larger, the second screen mesh (1-5) is pushed downwards and deformed until the balloon membrane (1-6) is burst, cocoon fragments originally falling into the balloon membrane (1-6) are burst out during burst, the burst cocoon fragments fall onto the second screen mesh (1-5), the cocoon fragments in the balloon membrane (1-6) are fully dispersed during burst, the fully dispersed cocoon fragments are fully fumigated by ammonia, during burst, the uppermost screen mesh (1-5) has no downward pulling force, so that a layer-by-layer rebounding process can occur, the rebounding process has a rolling effect on the remaining cocoon fragments, the second screen mesh (1-5) has no downward force of the balloon membrane (1-6), so that a rebounding process can occur, cocoon fragments falling onto the uppermost screen mesh can be continuously rolled, the second screen mesh (1-5) has a sufficient rebounding effect as the cocoon fragments are blown onto the balloon membrane (1-6), and the ammonia is blown into the second screen mesh (1-5), so that the ammonia is blown into the second screen mesh (1-5) after the steam is blown, and the steam is blown into the second screen mesh (1-5) and then blown down steam is blown into the steam blown cocoon films, so that the steam is fully fumigated by the ammonia, and the steam is blown to be blown into the steam blown into the air blown cocoon films (1-6) of the second screen mesh (1-5) and then blown to be steamed cocoon films, so that the steam is fully steamed cocoons after the steam is blown to be steamed cocoons.
2. The sericin extraction process according to claim 1, wherein the meshes (1-8) are rectangular, one end of the rubber band (1-7) inclined outward and downward is fixed at each of four corners of the bottom surface thereof, the other end of the rubber band (1-7) is fixed on a gathering column (1-10), the gathering column (1-10) is positioned on a central vertical line of a cross junction of the four meshes (1-8), and the bottom surface thereof is fixed on the upper surface of the air balloon membrane (1-6).
3. The sericin extraction process according to claim 1, wherein the degumming tank (2) in the S5 comprises a degumming tank body (2-1), the left and right sides of the degumming tank body (2-1) are respectively provided with a left support part (2-2) and a right support part (2-3) which are integrally formed with the degumming tank body, the upper surface of the left support part (2-2) is provided with the fumigation box (1-1), the right edge part of the bottom surface of the fumigation box (1-1) is hinged with the upper surface of the left support part (2-2), the height of the fumigation box is larger than the length of the degumming tank body (2-1), the right side surface of the fumigation box is detachably connected with a plurality of baffle doors (1-11), and the baffle doors (1-11) are arranged above the screen mesh (1-5).
4. The sericin extraction process as defined in claim 3, wherein an arc-shaped rubber strip (2-4) is fixed on the upper surface of the right support part (2-3).
5. The sericin extraction process according to claim 1, wherein the fumigation box (1-1) comprises a plurality of sub fumigation boxes (1-1-1) and a bottom plate (1-1-2), wherein an insertion frame (1-1-3) is fixed on the bottom surface of the previous sub fumigation box (1-1-1), an insertion groove (1-1-4) matched with the insertion frame (1-1-3) is arranged on the top surface of the next sub fumigation box (1-1-1) and the top surface of the bottom plate (1-1-2), the inner wall of the insertion groove (1-1-4) is fixed with the outer wall surface of a silica gel insertion groove (1-1-5), and the width of the silica gel insertion groove (1-1-5) is slightly smaller than that of the insertion frame (1-1-3).
6. The sericin extraction process according to claim 3, wherein a sericin collection box (2-5) is placed in the degumming tank body (2-1), a sericin filter box (2-6) is placed in the sericin collection box (2-5), and salient points are distributed on the inner wall surface of the sericin filter box (2-6).
7. The sericin extraction process according to claim 6, wherein the sericin filter box (2-6) is provided with octagonal filter holes, and a stirring mechanism is arranged thereon.
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| CN114874304A (en) | 2022-08-09 |
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