CN114871710B - Slender shaft-shaped centering structural part machining method - Google Patents
Slender shaft-shaped centering structural part machining method Download PDFInfo
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- CN114871710B CN114871710B CN202210813545.9A CN202210813545A CN114871710B CN 114871710 B CN114871710 B CN 114871710B CN 202210813545 A CN202210813545 A CN 202210813545A CN 114871710 B CN114871710 B CN 114871710B
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- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23P—METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; COMBINED OPERATIONS; UNIVERSAL MACHINE TOOLS
- B23P15/00—Making specific metal objects by operations not covered by a single other subclass or a group in this subclass
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of machining, and discloses a method for machining a slender shaft-shaped centering structural part, which comprises the following steps: processing a positioning sleeve; processing a mandrel; assembling a centering structural member; processing a centering structural part; and positioning and clamping the core shaft, and respectively turning the outer contour surface of each positioning sleeve with the positioning bulge to the designed size. According to the processing method, the centering structural members are disassembled, the mandrel and the positioning sleeve are separately processed, the processing idea of combining and processing after the centering structural members are disassembled is adopted, the processing steps in the processing process are adjusted, the processing is more convenient, the requirements on processing equipment are not high, and the processing precision of the centering structural members can be well guaranteed.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of machining, in particular to a machining method of a slender shaft-shaped centering structural part.
Background
Referring to fig. 1, the centering tool is used for simultaneously centering a plurality of workpieces, and the centering tool is used for processing a projectile body fixing device, and performing auxiliary positioning on the projectile body fixing device in a processing process, so as to ensure that each workpiece on the projectile body fixing device for fixing a projectile body has good coaxiality. The centering tool comprises a mandrel and a plurality of positioning parts arranged along the axial direction of the mandrel, wherein the positioning parts are arranged on the mandrel at equal intervals or at unequal intervals. The centering tool is structurally characterized in that a plurality of bulges are arranged on a positioning component along the circumferential direction of the positioning component, the outline of the plurality of bulges on the same positioning component is required to be positioned on the same circumference concentric with a mandrel, and the bulges arranged on the positioning component are matched with a workpiece to be positioned to perform centering operation on the workpiece. The positioning of the workpieces simultaneously to enable the axes of the functional parts of the workpieces to coincide with the axis of the mandrel for simultaneous centering of the workpieces requires that the axes of the circumferences of the raised outline surfaces of the positioning parts on the mandrel coincide with the axis of the mandrel.
When adopting centering component to fix a position a plurality of work pieces in this centering frock, in order to conveniently to the dismantlement of centering frock after accomplishing the fixed assembly of work piece, need form the recess that is used for stepping down between the arch on the locating component. Due to the structural length requirement of the elastomer fixing device, the length of the centering tool is usually more than 3m, and the whole centering tool is of a slender shaft-shaped structure. Aiming at the structural characteristics and the requirement of the processing precision of the centering tool, the existing processing mode is usually processed by adopting a special processing center, and a special processing tool needs to be designed, so that the processing cost is high, the processing efficiency is low, and the requirement of the processing precision is difficult to guarantee.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems of high processing difficulty and difficult guarantee of processing precision in the processing process of the slender rod-shaped centering structural member, the invention provides a processing method of the slender rod-shaped centering structural member.
In order to solve the technical problems, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a processing method of an elongated shaft-shaped centering structural part comprises the following steps:
processing a positioning sleeve; selecting a short pipe fitting, processing the inner diameter of the short pipe fitting to a designed size, and processing a plurality of grooves distributed along the circumferential direction on the outer surface of the short pipe fitting, wherein a plurality of positioning bulges distributed along the circumferential direction of the short pipe fitting are formed between adjacent grooves on the short pipe fitting, and the positioning bulges are arranged along the axial direction of a positioning sleeve;
processing a mandrel; selecting a long pipe fitting, wherein the length of the long pipe fitting is greater than that of the short pipe fitting, processing the outer diameter of the long pipe fitting to a design size to obtain a mandrel, and matching the outer diameter of the mandrel obtained by processing with the inner diameter of the positioning sleeve;
assembling a centering structural member; respectively sleeving a plurality of positioning sleeves formed in the positioning sleeve processing step at corresponding positions on a mandrel, arranging the plurality of positioning sleeves on the mandrel at intervals, and then fixedly connecting the positioning sleeves to the mandrel;
processing a centering structural part; and (4) positioning and clamping the core shaft, and turning the outer contour surface of each positioning sleeve with a positioning bulge to the designed size.
As a further improvement to the above technical solution, in the step of processing the positioning sleeve, a plurality of excess blocks are cut off on the outer surface of the short pipe fitting by cutting, and a plurality of grooves are formed on the short pipe fitting.
As a further improvement to the technical scheme, the short pipe fitting is cut in a linear cutting mode, and the residual block which is matched with the groove and has the integral structure is obtained.
As a further improvement to the above technical scheme, before the step of processing the centering structural member, the cut residual blocks are correspondingly fitted and mounted in the grooves, and the residual blocks are fixedly connected to the positioning sleeves; and after the processing of the outer contour surface of the positioning protrusion is finished in the step of processing the centering structural part, removing the residual block from the positioning sleeve.
As a further improvement to the above technical solution, in the step of processing the positioning sleeve, the residual block is fixedly connected to the positioning sleeve after being cut off.
As a further improvement to the technical scheme, the residual block is fixedly connected to the positioning sleeve in a welding mode, and the welding position between the residual block and the positioning sleeve is located at the end face of any one end or two ends of the positioning sleeve.
As a further improvement to the technical scheme, after the residual block is detached from the positioning sleeve, the groove on the positioning sleeve is polished.
As a further improvement of the above technical solution, in the step of processing the centering structural member, the outer contour surface of the positioning boss on the positioning sleeve is turned first, and then the outer contour surface of the positioning boss is ground to the design size.
As a further improvement to the technical scheme, in the step of assembling the centering structural part, the positioning sleeve is fixedly connected to the mandrel in a welding mode.
The central spindle of the centering structural part is of a slender rod structure, the length of the central spindle is usually more than 3m, a plurality of positioning sleeves of gear-like structures are arranged on the central spindle at intervals, a plurality of workpieces need to be centered simultaneously through the outer contour surface of the positioning protrusions on the positioning sleeves during centering operation, the coaxiality between the outer contour surface of the positioning protrusions on each positioning sleeve and the central spindle has high requirements, and great difficulty is brought to the processing of the centering structural part.
In order to meet the requirement of the machining precision, an integral machining method is usually adopted, namely a plurality of positioning sleeves are directly machined on a mandrel; however, because the length of the mandrel is large, the positioning sleeves are arranged on the mandrel at intervals and are of a gear-like structure provided with protrusions and grooves at the same time, a turning and milling combined mode is required during processing, and intermittent turning and milling are caused during processing, so that the outer circle size of the whole centering structural member is unstable during clamping processing, and the final size precision requirement of the centering structural member is difficult to guarantee; and because the length of the mandrel is large, when the groove on the positioning sleeve is milled, a machining center is required to be adopted for machining, the requirement on equipment is high, the machining cost is high, and the machining operation is inconvenient.
In order to solve the problems, the processing method of the invention divides the centering structural part into the mandrel part and the positioning sleeve part, and separately processes the mandrel part and the positioning sleeve part respectively, and at the moment, the processing method needs to be optimized so as to reduce the influence of positioning, processing and assembling errors introduced when the centering structural part is divided into the two parts to be processed on the final forming precision of the whole structural part.
In the processing process, when the positioning sleeve is processed, the positioning bulge is formed on the positioning sleeve by processing, and the outer contour surface of the positioning bulge is not processed; after the positioning sleeve is installed on the mandrel, the outer contour surface of the positioning protrusion on the positioning sleeve is processed by taking the axis of the mandrel as a reference, so that the overall processing precision of the centering structural part is ensured. By adopting the processing idea of combining and processing after splitting each centering structural part and adjusting the processing steps in the processing process, the processing is more convenient, the requirement on processing equipment is not high, and the overall processing precision of the centering structural part can be well ensured.
According to the method, the centering structural member is split and then combined to be processed, so that the positioning boss and the positioning groove structure can be processed and formed on the positioning sleeve by directly adopting a linear cutting mode when the positioning sleeve is processed, and the method is more convenient compared with the milling processing mode adopted in the existing integral processing and forming process. And, the processing characteristics of cooperation line cutting can completely cut off corresponding surplus piece, can also be with the surplus piece complete fixed welding to the position department that corresponds on the position sleeve after accomplishing the cutting of surplus piece like this, make the position sleeve can keep for complete pipe structure. This operating step is also another innovation of the method of the invention, with the following advantages:
at first because the position sleeve presents the complete pipe structure this moment, when carrying out lathe work to the protruding surface in the location of the position sleeve of installation on the dabber, because the position sleeve surface is whole continuous surface this moment, it is more convenient to process like this, can avoid the problem of hitting the sword that groove structure on the position sleeve leads to, guarantees better when carrying out lathe work to the protruding outer profile face in the location, the machining precision of the protruding outer profile face in location. Meanwhile, the positioning sleeve is of a complete circular tube structure, after the positioning sleeve is installed on the mandrel, the excircle of the mandrel cannot be jumped in the turning process due to the position deviation of the positioning bulges on the positioning sleeves in the axial direction, the machining process is more stable, and therefore the machining precision of the centering structural part can be further guaranteed.
Meanwhile, the method for processing the split centering structural member in a combined mode is adopted, and the mandrel is independently processed, so that the overall processing precision of the outer circular surface of the mandrel can be well guaranteed, the influence of the large length-diameter ratio of the slender rod of the mandrel on the outer circular runout in the turning processing process can be counteracted to a certain extent in the subsequent processing of the centering structural member, the processing process is more stable, the centering structural member is more flexibly clamped in the processing of the centering structural member, and the final processing precision of the centering structural member can be well guaranteed.
The method can be widely applied to the processing of similar workpieces with a plurality of similar tooth-shaped structures arranged on a slender rod with larger length and diameter ratio at intervals, the processing operation is convenient, the requirement on processing equipment is not high, and the processing precision can be ensured.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings in the embodiments will be briefly described below, it should be understood that the following drawings only illustrate some embodiments of the present invention, and therefore should not be considered as limiting the scope, and for those skilled in the art, other related drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without inventive efforts.
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural view of the centering structure of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a front view of a positioning sleeve structure machined and formed in the centering structural member of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a right side view of a positioning sleeve structure formed in the shaped structural member of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a schematic view of the cutting positions of the residual blocks on the short pipe fitting in the processing step of the positioning sleeve in the processing method of the slender shaft-shaped centering structural member of the invention.
Fig. 5 is a schematic structural view of the positioning sleeve after cutting off the residual block in the processing step of the positioning sleeve in the processing method of the slender shaft-shaped centering structural member of the invention.
In the figure: 10. the device comprises a mandrel, 20, a positioning sleeve, 21, a positioning bulge, 22, a residual block, 23 and a groove.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some, but not all embodiments of the present invention.
Referring to fig. 1, 2 and 3, the centering structure to be processed in this embodiment includes a mandrel 10 with a large length-diameter ratio and a plurality of positioning sleeves 20 distributed on the mandrel at different intervals, and the positioning sleeves 20 are distributed along the circumferential direction thereof with a plurality of positioning protrusions and grooves to form a gear-like structure.
The centering structural part simultaneously performs centering operation on a plurality of workpieces through a plurality of positioning sleeves arranged on a mandrel, so that the workpieces are positioned on the same mandrel; therefore, the outer contour surface of each positioning boss on each positioning sleeve on the centering structural member is required to have coaxiality with a certain precision grade, the requirement on processing precision is high, and the processing difficulty is high.
The invention adopts a processing mode that a central spindle and a positioning sleeve in a centering structural member are firstly processed separately and then are processed together after being assembled; in this embodiment, the processing method for the centering structural member includes the following steps:
step 1: processing a positioning sleeve;
selecting a pipe fitting with a proper specification, cutting a short pipe fitting with a certain length by adopting a section cutting machine or a flame cutting machine, turning the inner diameter and the end surfaces at two sides of the short pipe fitting, and processing the inner diameter and the end surfaces at two sides to the designed size of the positioning sleeve, wherein a certain processing redundancy can be reserved for the corresponding processing size.
Processing and forming a plurality of positioning bulges 21 distributed along the circumferential direction of the short pipe fitting on the outer surface of the short pipe fitting, wherein the positioning bulges 21 are respectively arranged along the axial direction of a positioning sleeve as shown in fig. 5; in the step, the method for processing and forming the positioning boss on the short pipe fitting comprises the following steps:
as shown in fig. 4, a plurality of pieces 22 are cut on the outer surface of the short pipe member in the circumferential direction thereof, and a plurality of grooves 23 are formed on the short pipe member in the circumferential direction thereof, and the positioning projections 21 are formed on the short pipe member between the adjacent grooves 23. In order to ensure the integrity of the residual block and the quality of cutting processing, the residual block is cut in a linear cutting mode, and the residual block which is matched with the groove and has an integral structure is obtained.
In this step, the cut-off excess blocks 22 are correspondingly fitted into the grooves 23, and are welded and fixed to the positioning sleeve by welding, so that the positioning sleeve is in an integral circular tube structure, as shown in fig. 4. In order to not influence the processing of the outer end face of the positioning sleeve in the following process, when the residual block is welded, the welding position between the residual block and the positioning sleeve is positioned on the end faces at two sides of the positioning sleeve, and the residual block is fixedly spotted on the positioning sleeve in situ along the combination contour line between the residual block and the positioning sleeve.
When the positioning sleeve is processed, a groove is directly processed on the positioning sleeve in a linear cutting mode, so that the processing is convenient; and the surplus piece that the wire-electrode cutting obtained has fine wholeness, and the machined surface between surplus piece and the recess has better surface quality, like this when reinstalling surplus piece and welding in the recess of position sleeve, can guarantee better installation cooperation quality between surplus piece and the position sleeve. Therefore, the overall processing precision of the external contour surface can be ensured when the positioning convex external contour surface is processed in the subsequent process.
Step 2: processing a mandrel;
selecting a pipe fitting with a certain specification, cutting to obtain a long pipe fitting with a specified length, wherein the length of the long pipe fitting is usually 3-5m, turning the outer diameter and the end faces on the two sides of the long pipe fitting, and processing the outer diameter and the end faces to the design size of the mandrel so that the outer diameter of the mandrel obtained by processing is matched with the inner diameter of the positioning sleeve.
In the step, the whole machining precision of the outer circular surface of the mandrel can be well ensured only by adopting conventional equipment and tools to position, clamp and machine the long pipe fitting, and the machining operation is convenient.
And 3, step 3: assembling a centering structural member;
and (2) respectively sleeving and installing the positioning sleeves 20 formed in the step (1) at corresponding positions on the mandrel 10, and respectively welding and fixing the positioning sleeves 20 on the mandrel 10.
At the moment, the assembly connection precision between the centering sleeve and the core shaft can be well ensured only by ensuring the matching size precision between the centering sleeve and the core shaft when the centering sleeve and the core shaft are processed.
And 4, step 4: processing a centering structural part;
the V-shaped block is adopted to support the mandrel 10, the mandrel is positioned and clamped on a lathe, turning is firstly carried out on the outer contour surface of each positioning sleeve, certain grinding allowance is reserved during turning, and then the outer contour surface of each positioning sleeve is ground to the designed size.
In this step, because the position sleeve wholly is the pipe structure, the difference between the position sleeve on every position department on the dabber is less, can reduce its influence that causes to dabber beat to a certain extent when the dabber adds man-hour to guarantee the surface finish quality and the axiality of the protruding outer profile face in location.
In whole lathe work in-process, can adopt along setting up the order in proper order to go on the processing mode of turning to the bellied outer profile face of location on each locating sleeve, or adopt earlier the symmetry respectively to the location arch that lies in the outside carry out the turning, then carry out the processing mode of turning to the location arch that lies in the centre to further reduce the influence that the dabber excircle was beated and is caused processing among the lathe work.
At the moment, the positioning protrusion outer contour surfaces on the positioning sleeves obtained through integral processing can have good coaxiality precision with the mandrel.
After the processing of the outer contour surface of the positioning protrusion is completed, welding spots between the positioning sleeve and the residual blocks are removed, the residual blocks are detached from the positioning sleeve, and the grooves in the positioning sleeve are polished to obtain the centering structural member.
In this embodiment, step 1 and step 2 do not have a definite sequence, and may be performed simultaneously or in any order.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "center", "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "inner", "outer", etc. used herein refer to the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, or the orientation or positional relationship in which the product of the present invention is used, and are used for convenience of description and simplicity of description, but do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and therefore should not be construed as limiting the present invention.
Furthermore, the terms "horizontal", "vertical" and the like when used in the description of the present invention do not require that the components be absolutely horizontal or overhanging, but may be slightly inclined. For example, "horizontal" merely means that the direction is more horizontal than "vertical" and does not mean that the structure must be perfectly horizontal, but may be slightly inclined.
In the description of the present invention, it should be further noted that unless otherwise explicitly stated or limited, the terms "disposed," "mounted," "connected," and "connected" should be interpreted broadly, and may be, for example, fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally connected; can be mechanically or electrically connected; they may be connected directly or indirectly through intervening media, or they may be interconnected between two elements. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood in specific cases to those skilled in the art.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention, and various modifications and changes may be made by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. A processing method of an elongated shaft-shaped centering structural part is characterized by comprising the following steps:
processing a positioning sleeve; selecting a short pipe fitting, processing the inner diameter of the short pipe fitting to a designed size, and processing a plurality of grooves distributed along the circumferential direction on the outer surface of the short pipe fitting, wherein a plurality of positioning bulges distributed along the circumferential direction of the short pipe fitting are formed between adjacent grooves on the short pipe fitting, and the positioning bulges are arranged along the axial direction of a positioning sleeve;
processing a mandrel; selecting a long pipe fitting, wherein the length of the long pipe fitting is greater than that of the short pipe fitting, processing the outer diameter of the long pipe fitting to a design size to obtain a mandrel, and matching the outer diameter of the mandrel obtained by processing with the inner diameter of the positioning sleeve;
assembling a centering structural member; respectively sleeving a plurality of positioning sleeves formed in the positioning sleeve processing step at corresponding positions on a mandrel, arranging the plurality of positioning sleeves on the mandrel at intervals, and then fixedly connecting the positioning sleeves to the mandrel;
processing a centering structural part; positioning and clamping the core shaft, and respectively turning the outer contour surface of the positioning bulge on each positioning sleeve to the design size;
in the step of processing the positioning sleeve, a plurality of residual blocks are cut on the outer surface of the short pipe fitting by cutting processing, and a plurality of grooves are formed on the short pipe fitting; cutting the short pipe fitting by adopting a linear cutting mode to obtain a residual block which is matched with the groove and has an integral structure;
before the step of processing the centering structural part, correspondingly fitting and installing the cut residual blocks into the grooves, and fixedly connecting the residual blocks to the positioning sleeves; and after the processing of the outer contour surface of the positioning protrusion is finished in the step of processing the centering structural member, removing the residual block from the positioning sleeve.
2. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the residual block is fixedly connected to the positioning sleeve by welding, and the welding position between the residual block and the positioning sleeve is located at the end face of either or both ends of the positioning sleeve.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein the groove is ground after the slug is removed from the collar.
4. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the step of machining the centering structure comprises turning the outer contour surface of the positioning protrusion on the positioning sleeve, and then grinding the outer contour surface of the positioning protrusion to a designed size.
5. The method of machining an elongated shaft-like centering structure as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step of assembling the centering structure, the positioning sleeve is fixedly connected to the mandrel by welding.
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| CN202210813545.9A CN114871710B (en) | 2022-07-12 | 2022-07-12 | Slender shaft-shaped centering structural part machining method |
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| CN202210813545.9A CN114871710B (en) | 2022-07-12 | 2022-07-12 | Slender shaft-shaped centering structural part machining method |
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