CN113798874B - Multi-station centering tool and centering method - Google Patents
Multi-station centering tool and centering method Download PDFInfo
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- CN113798874B CN113798874B CN202111164183.7A CN202111164183A CN113798874B CN 113798874 B CN113798874 B CN 113798874B CN 202111164183 A CN202111164183 A CN 202111164183A CN 113798874 B CN113798874 B CN 113798874B
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 12
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 9
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 8
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
- B23Q3/00—Devices holding, supporting, or positioning work or tools, of a kind normally removable from the machine
Abstract
The invention discloses a multi-station centering tool and a centering method, wherein the multi-station centering tool comprises the following components: the mandrel is provided with a plurality of positioning parts, and each positioning part comprises at least two first bulges uniformly distributed along the circumferential direction of the mandrel; the centering chuck is used for being mounted on a centering mounting hole of a workpiece to be centered, the central axis of the centering chuck coincides with the central axis of the centering mounting hole, a positioning hole for a mandrel to penetrate is formed in the centering chuck, at least two second bulges are uniformly distributed in the positioning hole along the circumferential direction of the positioning hole, and a yielding groove capable of accommodating the first bulge is respectively formed between the two adjacent second bulges. The centering device is convenient to operate on centering of the workpiece, and can achieve the effect of centering multiple shafts; the mandrel can be effectively prevented from being disassembled difficultly due to locking between the mandrel and the centering chuck caused by processing/assembling deformation or internal stress and the like after processing/assembling of each workpiece is completed, and the mandrel is simple and convenient to disassemble.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of positioning assembly, in particular to a multi-station centering tool and a centering method.
Background
In the operation processes of machining, welding, assembling and the like, when a plurality of workpieces on the same axis are required to be positioned and installed so as to ensure that the plurality of workpieces have good coaxiality, the machining precision and the installation matching relation between the workpieces are generally required to be high; or the coaxiality between the workpieces is required to be continuously adjusted by means of the auxiliary detection device after the installation so as to meet the coaxiality requirement. The operation mode not only improves the processing cost and the processing requirement, but also is inconvenient to operate and has low operation efficiency.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems of inconvenient operation and low operation efficiency when centering a plurality of workpieces, the invention provides a multi-station centering tool and a centering method, which are more convenient to detach when simultaneously centering the plurality of workpieces.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
multistation centering frock includes:
the mandrel is provided with a plurality of positioning parts, the positioning parts are sequentially arranged at intervals along the axis direction of the mandrel, and each positioning part comprises at least two first bulges uniformly distributed along the circumferential direction of the mandrel;
the centering chuck is used for being mounted in a centering mounting hole of a workpiece to be centered, the central axis of the centering chuck coincides with the central axis of the centering mounting hole, a positioning hole for a mandrel to penetrate is formed in the centering chuck, at least two second bulges are uniformly distributed in the positioning hole along the circumferential direction of the positioning hole, and a yielding groove capable of accommodating the first bulge is respectively formed between two adjacent second bulges;
when the positioning parts of the mandrel are respectively positioned in the positioning holes of the centering chucks, the mandrel is rotated, and the first protrusions are respectively in tight fit with the second protrusions, so that the central axis of each centering chuck is overlapped with the central axis of the mandrel.
As a further improvement of the technical scheme, the outer contours of the cross sections of the first bulges are all positioned on the same circumference, and the circle center of the circumference is positioned on the central axis of the mandrel;
the inner contours of the second bulge cross sections are positioned on the same circumference, and the circle center of the circumference is positioned on the central axis of the centering chuck;
when the central axis of the centering chuck is coincident with the central axis of the mandrel, the outer contour of the first raised cross section and the inner contour of the second raised cross section are both located on the same circumference.
As a further improvement to the technical scheme, the first bulge is of a strip-shaped structure arranged along the axis direction of the mandrel, and the outer contour surface of the first bulge is an arc surface parallel to the circumferential surface of the mandrel.
As a further improvement to the technical scheme, the second protrusions are arc-shaped strip structures protruding along the circumferential direction of the positioning holes.
As a further improvement to the technical scheme, the positioning part is fixedly sleeved on the mandrel.
As a further improvement of the technical scheme, a plurality of positioning parts are sequentially arranged at intervals along the axial direction of the mandrel.
As a further improvement to the technical scheme, the outer edge of the centering chuck is arranged into a step structure, a pressing plate is oppositely arranged on one side of the centering chuck, a workpiece to be centered is installed on the step structure of the centering chuck in a positioning and matching mode, the workpiece to be centered is arranged between the centering chuck and the pressing plate, the centering chuck is fixedly connected with the pressing plate, and the workpiece to be centered is fixedly clamped.
As a further improvement of the technical scheme, the mandrel is a hollow shaft.
As a further improvement of the technical scheme, one end of the mandrel is provided with an operating rod.
The invention also relates to a centering method adopting the multi-station centering tool, which comprises the following steps:
s10, respectively installing the centering chuck on a plurality of workpieces to be centered in a matching way, so that the central axis of the centering chuck coincides with the central axis of a centering installation hole of the workpiece to be centered;
s20, sequentially inserting the mandrel into the positioning holes of each centering chuck, and enabling the positioning parts on the mandrel to be respectively positioned in the positioning holes, wherein at the moment, the first protrusions of the positioning parts are respectively positioned in the abdication grooves of the centering chucks;
s30, rotating the mandrel to enable the first bulge to move to the position corresponding to the second bulge, wherein the first bulge is tightly matched with the second bulge, and at the moment, the central axis of the centering mounting hole of the workpiece to be centered is coincident with the central axis of the mandrel;
and S40, after finishing the processing operation of the workpiece to be centered in the state, rotating the mandrel, enabling the first bulge to move into the abdication groove, and drawing out the mandrel.
According to the centering device, the positioning part is arranged on the mandrel, the matched centering structure is arranged between the positioning part and the centering chuck, centering matching is formed between the positioning part and the centering chuck by rotating the mandrel, centering operation on a plurality of workpieces is realized, the workpieces can be simultaneously adjusted to the same axis, the workpieces have good coaxiality, the centering operation on the workpieces is convenient, and the centering effect on one axis can be achieved.
Meanwhile, the centering chuck is provided with the abdication groove, after the processing/assembling of the workpieces is completed, the matching between the positioning part and the centering chuck can be released by rotating the mandrel, so that the problem that the mandrel is difficult to disassemble due to locking between the mandrel and the centering chuck caused by processing/assembling deformation or internal stress and the like after the processing/assembling of each workpiece is completed can be effectively prevented, and the disassembling operation of the mandrel is simple and convenient.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the following description will briefly describe the drawings in the embodiments, it being understood that the following drawings only illustrate some embodiments of the present invention and should not be considered as limiting the scope, and that other related drawings may be obtained according to these drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a multi-station centering tool of the invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a cooperation structure between the multi-station centering tool and a workpiece to be centered.
Fig. 3 is a partial schematic view of fig. 2 at a.
Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of a matching structure between a positioning part and a centering chuck in an initial state of the multi-station centering tool.
Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of a matching structure between a positioning part and a centering chuck in a centering state of the multi-station centering tool.
Fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of a mandrel structure in the multi-station centering tool of the invention.
FIG. 7 is a schematic cross-sectional view at B-B in FIG. 6.
In the figure: 101. the device comprises a mandrel, 102, a positioning part, 103, a first bulge, 104 and an operating rod;
201. the centering chuck comprises a centering chuck body 202, a positioning hole 203, a second bulge 204, a yielding groove 205 and a pressure plate;
300. and (5) centering the workpiece.
Detailed Description
For the purpose of making the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention more apparent, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is apparent that the described embodiments are some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments of the present invention.
When operations such as welding and assembling are required on a plurality of workpieces, for example, the plurality of workpieces are required to be respectively and fixedly mounted on the same platform or base, and high requirements are provided on coaxiality among the plurality of workpieces, for this case, an optical axis with good coaxiality is generally adopted in the existing operation mode, the plurality of workpieces are respectively mounted on the optical axis in a matched manner through centering mounting holes of the optical axis, then each workpiece is welded or assembled on the same platform or base, coaxiality among the workpieces is ensured through the optical axis, and the optical axis is extracted from the centering mounting holes of each workpiece after the operation is completed. At this time, after the workpiece is mounted on the fixed platform, due to the influence of deformation/internal stress and the like generated in the mounting process, interaction forces in different directions can be generated between each workpiece and the optical axis, so that the optical axis and the workpiece are locked, the optical axis is difficult to detach from the workpiece, and the problems of inconvenience in operation, low operation efficiency and the like are caused.
The invention aims to solve the problem existing in the process of assembling and processing the coaxiality of multiple workpieces, and provides a multi-station centering tool and a centering method.
As shown in fig. 1 and 2, the multi-station centering tool in this embodiment includes:
the mandrel 101, a plurality of positioning parts 102 are arranged on the mandrel 101, and the positioning parts 102 comprise at least two first bulges 103 uniformly distributed along the circumferential direction of the mandrel; as shown in fig. 6 and 7, in this embodiment, the positioning portion 102 adopts a sleeve structure that can be sleeved on the mandrel, and three first protrusions 103 are uniformly distributed on the positioning portion 102 along the circumferential direction thereof; the positioning parts are sequentially arranged at intervals along the axis direction of the mandrel so as to meet the positioning operation of a plurality of workpieces to be centered;
the centering chucks 201, wherein the centering chucks 201 are respectively used for being mounted to centering mounting holes of the workpiece 300 to be centered, and the central axis of the centering chucks 201 coincides with the central axis of the centering mounting holes, and the centering mounting holes on the workpiece to be centered play a role in assisting in positioning the workpiece to be centered; a positioning hole 202 for a mandrel to penetrate is formed in the centering chuck 201, at least two second protrusions 203 are uniformly distributed in the positioning hole 202 along the circumferential direction of the positioning hole, and a yielding groove 204 capable of accommodating the first protrusions is formed between two adjacent second protrusions 203; in this embodiment, three second protrusions 203 are disposed in the positioning hole 202, and are used for forming a one-to-one correspondence with the first protrusions on the positioning portion respectively, so as to form positioning fit; three relief grooves 204 capable of accommodating the first protrusions are formed between the second protrusions in the positioning holes 202, respectively, and the first protrusions 103 are capable of freely moving in the relief grooves 204.
When the positioning portions 102 of the mandrel are respectively positioned in the positioning holes 202 of the centering chucks, the mandrel 101 is rotated, and the first protrusions 103 are respectively in close fit with the second protrusions 203, so that the central axis of each centering chuck 201 is coincident with the central axis of the mandrel 101, and good coaxiality is achieved between workpieces to be centered.
In an embodiment, the outer contours of the first convex cross sections on the positioning portions 102 are all located on the same circumference, and the center of the circumference is located on the central axis of the mandrel 101; the inner contour of the cross section of the second bulge 203 on each centering chuck 201 is positioned on the same circumference, and the center of the circumference is positioned on the central axis of the centering chuck 201; at this time, when the central axis of the centering chuck is coincident with the central axis of the mandrel, the outer contour of the cross section of the first protrusion 103 and the inner contour of the cross section of the second protrusion 203 are both located on the same circumference, so that the first protrusion and the second protrusion can be matched with each other and perform centering on each workpiece.
In another embodiment, the first protrusion 103 is a strip-shaped structure disposed along the axial direction of the mandrel, and the outer contour surface of the first protrusion 103 is an arc surface parallel to the circumferential surface of the mandrel. The structure can increase the contact area between the first bulge and the second bulge, ensure stable connection between the positioning part and the centering chuck, improve centering precision, increase the action range of the positioning part and have better universality; and can facilitate the cooperation installation between each location portion and the centering chuck during centering operation.
In another embodiment, the second protrusion 203 is an arc-shaped strip structure protruding along the circumferential direction of the positioning hole, and the inner contour surface of the second protrusion is an arc surface matching with the outer contour surface of the first protrusion 103. The first protrusion and the second protrusion can be tightly matched, and centering accuracy is improved.
Of course, the first protrusion can adopt a narrow convex strip structure arranged along the axial direction of the mandrel, and form point contact when being matched with the inner contour surface of the second protrusion; or the second bulge is arranged to be in a bump structure, and point contact is formed when the second bulge is matched with the outer contour surface of the first bulge, so that the friction force between the positioning part and the centering chuck during rotation can be further reduced, and the disassembly operation of the mandrel is convenient.
In another embodiment, as shown in fig. 2 and 3, the outer edge of the centering chuck 201 is provided with a step structure, one side of the centering chuck 201 is provided with a pressure plate 205 oppositely, the step structure of the outer edge of the centering chuck 201 is installed in the centering installation hole, a workpiece to be centered is installed on the step structure of the centering chuck in a positioning fit manner, limit fit between the workpiece to be centered and the centering chuck is achieved through fit between the two, at this time, the workpiece 300 to be centered is located between the centering chuck 201 and the pressure plate 205, the centering chuck 201 is fixedly connected with the pressure plate 205 through bolts, movement of the workpiece to be centered in the axial direction is further limited, fixed clamping of the workpiece to be centered is achieved, and connection between the centering chuck and the workpiece to be centered is achieved.
In another embodiment, the mandrel 101 is a hollow shaft to reduce the weight of the mandrel and facilitate the centering operation. An operation lever 104 is provided at one end of the spindle 101 to facilitate the rotational operation of the spindle.
The centering method adopting the multi-station positioning tool comprises the following steps:
s10, respectively and fixedly installing the centering chuck on a plurality of workpieces to be centered in a matched manner, so that the central axis of the centering chuck coincides with the central axis of a centering installation hole of the workpiece to be centered; taking the installation mode shown in fig. 2 and 3 as an example, installing a centering chuck into a centering installation hole of a workpiece to be centered, enabling a step structure at the outer edge of the centering chuck to be matched with the centering installation hole, at the moment, matching an inner contour surface of the centering installation hole with an outer contour surface of the step structure of the centering chuck, forming limit matching between one end surface of the workpiece to be centered and one end surface of the step structure of the centering chuck, arranging a pressure plate at the end surface of the other end of the workpiece to be centered, and connecting the centering chuck with the pressure plate through bolts to realize matched and fixed connection between the centering chuck and the workpiece to be centered;
s20, sequentially inserting the mandrel into the positioning holes of each centering chuck, so that the positioning parts on the mandrel are respectively positioned in each positioning hole, and at the moment, the first protrusions of the positioning parts are respectively positioned in the abdication grooves of the centering chucks, so that the mandrel can be conveniently inserted into each positioning hole, as shown in FIG. 4;
s30, rotating the mandrel to enable the first bulge to move to a position corresponding to the second bulge, wherein the first bulge is tightly matched with the second bulge, at the moment, under the mutual matching action of the first bulge and the second bulge, the positioning part adjusts the center of the centering chuck, and simultaneously adjusts a plurality of workpieces to be centered, so that the central axis of each centering mounting hole of the workpiece to be centered is coincident with the central axis of the mandrel, and coaxiality among the workpieces to be centered is ensured, as shown in fig. 5;
and S40, after finishing the processing operation of the workpiece to be centered in the state, if the workpiece to be centered is welded or assembled on the platform/base, the mandrel is rotated again to enable the first bulge to move into the yielding groove, and the mandrel can be conveniently pulled out of the centering chuck at the moment as shown in fig. 4.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, as the terms "center", "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "inner", "outer", etc., are used to indicate orientations or positional relationships based on those shown in the drawings, or those that are conventionally put in use in the product of the present invention, they are merely used to facilitate description of the present invention and simplify description, and do not indicate or imply that the apparatus or elements referred to must have a specific orientation, be configured and operated in a specific orientation, and thus should not be construed as limiting the present invention.
Furthermore, the terms "horizontal," "vertical," and the like in the description of the present invention, if any, do not denote absolute levels or overhangs, but rather may be slightly inclined. As "horizontal" merely means that its direction is more horizontal than "vertical", and does not mean that the structure must be perfectly horizontal, but may be slightly inclined.
In the description of the present invention, it should also be noted that, unless explicitly stated and limited otherwise, the terms "disposed," "mounted," "connected," and "connected" should be construed broadly, and may be, for example, fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally connected; can be mechanically or electrically connected; can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, and can be communication between two elements. The specific meaning of the above terms in the present invention will be understood in specific cases by those of ordinary skill in the art.
The above description is only of the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention, but various modifications and variations can be made to the present invention by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. Multistation centering frock, its characterized in that includes:
the mandrel is provided with a plurality of positioning parts, the positioning parts are sequentially arranged at intervals along the axis direction of the mandrel, and each positioning part comprises at least two first bulges uniformly distributed along the circumferential direction of the mandrel;
the centering chuck is used for being mounted in a centering mounting hole of a workpiece to be centered, the central axis of the centering chuck coincides with the central axis of the centering mounting hole, a positioning hole for a mandrel to penetrate is formed in the centering chuck, at least two second bulges are uniformly distributed in the positioning hole along the circumferential direction of the positioning hole, and a yielding groove capable of accommodating the first bulge is respectively formed between two adjacent second bulges;
when the positioning parts of the mandrel are respectively positioned in the positioning holes of the centering chucks, the mandrel is rotated, and the first protrusions are respectively in tight fit with the second protrusions, so that the central axis of each centering chuck is overlapped with the central axis of the mandrel.
2. The multi-station centering tool according to claim 1, wherein the outer contours of the cross sections of the first bulges are all located on the same circumference, and the center of the circumference is located on the central axis of the mandrel;
the inner contours of the second bulge cross sections are positioned on the same circumference, and the circle center of the circumference is positioned on the central axis of the centering chuck;
when the central axis of the centering chuck is coincident with the central axis of the mandrel, the outer contour of the first raised cross section and the inner contour of the second raised cross section are both located on the same circumference.
3. The multi-station centering tool according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the first protrusion is of a strip-shaped structure arranged along the axis direction of the mandrel, and the outer contour surface of the first protrusion is an arc surface parallel to the circumferential surface of the mandrel.
4. The multi-station centering tool according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the second protrusion is an arc-shaped strip structure protruding along the circumferential direction of the positioning hole.
5. The multi-station centering tool according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the positioning part is fixedly sleeved on the mandrel.
6. The multi-station centering tool according to claim 1 or 2, wherein a plurality of positioning portions are sequentially arranged at intervals along the axis direction of the mandrel.
7. The multi-station centering tool according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the outer edge of the centering chuck is provided with a step structure, a pressing plate is arranged on one side of the centering chuck in an opposite mode, a workpiece to be centered is installed on the step structure of the centering chuck in a positioning matching mode, the workpiece to be centered is arranged between the centering chuck and the pressing plate, the centering chuck is fixedly connected with the pressing plate, and the workpiece to be centered is fixedly clamped.
8. The multi-station centering tool of claim 1 or 2, wherein the mandrel is a hollow shaft.
9. The multi-station centering tool according to claim 1 or 2, wherein an operating rod is arranged at one end of the mandrel.
10. Centering method using a multi-station centering tool according to any of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that it comprises the following steps:
s10, respectively installing the centering chuck on a plurality of workpieces to be centered in a matching way, so that the central axis of the centering chuck coincides with the central axis of a centering installation hole of the workpiece to be centered;
s20, sequentially inserting the mandrel into the positioning holes of each centering chuck, and enabling the positioning parts on the mandrel to be respectively positioned in the positioning holes, wherein at the moment, the first protrusions of the positioning parts are respectively positioned in the abdication grooves of the centering chucks;
s30, rotating the mandrel to enable the first bulge to move to the position corresponding to the second bulge, wherein the first bulge is tightly matched with the second bulge, and at the moment, the central axis of the centering mounting hole of the workpiece to be centered is coincident with the central axis of the mandrel;
and S40, after finishing the processing operation of the workpiece to be centered in the state, rotating the mandrel, enabling the first bulge to move into the abdication groove, and drawing out the mandrel.
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| CN202111164183.7A CN113798874B (en) | 2021-09-30 | 2021-09-30 | Multi-station centering tool and centering method |
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| CN202111164183.7A CN113798874B (en) | 2021-09-30 | 2021-09-30 | Multi-station centering tool and centering method |
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| CN113798874B true CN113798874B (en) | 2023-12-26 |
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| CN114871710B (en) * | 2022-07-12 | 2022-09-23 | 成都航天万欣科技有限公司 | Slender shaft-shaped centering structural part machining method |
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