CN114865326A - High-gain low-sidelobe conical beam antenna - Google Patents
High-gain low-sidelobe conical beam antenna Download PDFInfo
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- CN114865326A CN114865326A CN202210705340.9A CN202210705340A CN114865326A CN 114865326 A CN114865326 A CN 114865326A CN 202210705340 A CN202210705340 A CN 202210705340A CN 114865326 A CN114865326 A CN 114865326A
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- 230000005284 excitation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 230000003071 parasitic effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 230000005404 monopole Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000003321 amplification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002708 enhancing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003199 nucleic acid amplification method Methods 0.000 description 1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q13/00—Waveguide horns or mouths; Slot antennas; Leaky-waveguide antennas; Equivalent structures causing radiation along the transmission path of a guided wave
- H01Q13/02—Waveguide horns
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/36—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
- H01Q1/38—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith formed by a conductive layer on an insulating support
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/50—Structural association of antennas with earthing switches, lead-in devices or lightning protectors
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Abstract
The invention discloses a high-gain low-sidelobe conical beam antenna which comprises a micro-strip excitation unit and a conical opening horn. The center of the micro-strip excitation unit is positioned on the central axis of the conical opening horn and is connected with the annular column on the base of the conical opening horn through the bottom metal floor. The microstrip excitation unit comprises a radiation patch, a dielectric substrate and a metal floor, wherein the radiation patch consists of three groups of radiation elements, namely a circular monopole radiation patch, six tree parasitic patches and an annular radiation patch from inside to outside. The circular monopole radiation patch adopts a coaxial probe to feed so as to generate a conical wave beam, the surface current direction of the patch is changed through six tree-shaped parasitic patches with choke grooves so as to reduce the antenna side lobe, and finally, additional resonance is introduced through loading the annular patch of the short-circuit pin so as to widen the impedance bandwidth of the antenna.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the antenna technology, and particularly relates to a high-gain low-sidelobe conical beam antenna.
Background
Cone beam antennas have been widely used in the fields of terrestrial satellite communication terminals, indoor WLAN micro base stations, radio fuses, and the like. In the field of mobile satellite communication, antennas are often required to transmit farther and have higher communication quality, i.e., antennas with high gain are required. In the fuse guidance field, the high gain can enable a fuse system to find a target farther, the higher side lobe can enable a missile to be detected more easily, and therefore the requirement for the high gain and the lower side lobe is met. Among the various existing cone beam antenna structures, a high-gain cone beam antenna is often not easy to implement and has a high antenna side lobe.
Document 1(r.a. penchel, s.r.zang, j.r.bergmann and f.j.s.moreira.design of Wireless base omni directional Dual-Reflector antenna in Millimeter Waves [ J ]. IEEE Antennas and Wireless amplification receivers, vol.18, No.5, pp.906-910, May 2019.) designs a broadband Dual-Reflector tapered beam antenna with an antenna gain of up to 13dBi, but a sidelobe balance of up to-10 dB, and a larger antenna size due to the Dual-Reflector structure.
Document 2(p.sanchez-Olivares, j.l.masa-Campos, e.garcia-Marin and d.escalona-Moreno.high-Gain semiconductor-Beam transforming-Wave Array Antenna Based on a Slotted Circular Beam, Ku-Band high-Gain Conical Beam Array Antenna, with a maximum Gain of 13.7dBi, an Antenna side lobe of-12 dB, a multi-slot Circular Waveguide structure, and disadvantages such as complex side lobe and complex processing.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a high-gain low-sidelobe cone beam antenna.
The technical solution for realizing the invention is as follows: a high-gain low-sidelobe cone-beam antenna is characterized by comprising a micro-strip excitation unit and a cone-shaped open horn, wherein the micro-strip excitation unit is positioned at the bottom of the cone-shaped open horn, the circle center of the micro-strip excitation unit is positioned on the central axis of the cone-shaped open horn, and cone-shaped beams generated by the micro-strip excitation unit radiate outwards through the face of the cone-shaped open horn.
Preferably, the microstrip excitation unit includes the radiation patch of the uppermost layer, the medium base plate of intermediate level and the metal floor of bottommost layer, wherein, the radiation patch is by the centre of a circle along radially outwards by circular monopole radiation patch, six arborescent parasitic patches and annular radiation patch respectively, circular monopole patch in the microstrip excitation unit produces the cone-beam through coaxial probe feed, six arborescent parasitic patches are placed along circular monopole radiation patch edge equiangular interval, and on each parasitic patch through digging the choke groove in order to change the patch surface current direction.
Preferably, a through hole with the diameter of the probe is dug in the center of the dielectric substrate of the microstrip excitation unit so that the probe penetrates through the substrate to excite the top radiation patch.
Preferably, a circular through hole is dug in the center of the metal floor of the microstrip excitation unit.
Preferably, the diameter of the circular through hole is 2-3 times of the diameter of the probe.
Preferably, each tree-shaped parasitic patch is provided with 5 choke grooves, one fan-shaped choke groove and two pairs of annular choke grooves, wherein the central angle of each fan-shaped choke groove is beta 2 Width d 2 Two pairs of annular choke grooves are respectively taken from two semi-annular grooves, wherein the inner and outer radiuses of one pair of annular choke grooves are respectively R 6 ,R 7 The central angles of the two annular choke grooves are respectively alpha 1 ，α 2 The distance between the edge of the groove and the edge of the fan-shaped choke groove is d 3 The inner and outer radii of the other pair of annular choke grooves are R 8 ,R 9 The central angles of the two annular choke grooves are respectively theta 1 ，θ 2 Round monopole paste with groove edge distanceA chip distance of d 1 ，α 1 ＝α 2 ＝80°，β 1 ＝50°，β 2 ＝35°，θ 1 ＝80.05°，θ 2 ＝79.95°，d 1 ＝1.2mm,d 2 ＝0.9mm,d 3 ＝1.3mm，R 6 ＝0.8mm,R 7 ＝1.4mm。
Preferably, the annular radiating patch inner radius R 2 8mm, outer radius R 1 10.5mm, the inner ring edge is loaded with shorting pins with a diameter d of 0.4 mm.
Preferably, the conical open-ended horn is of a 360-degree rotational symmetry structure, and the annular column is loaded on the upper surface of the horn base and used for being welded with the microstrip excitation unit.
Preferably, the annular column has an inner diameter D 5 17mm, outside diameter D 4 19mm, high H 3 0.78mm, and the material is metallic aluminum.
Preferably, the internal diameter at the opening of the conical opening horn is D 2 43.56mm, outside diameter D 1 50mm, the diameter of the upper surface of the base is D 3 22.4mm, diameter of lower surface D 7 26.4mm, the height H of the upper surface of the base from the opening 2 Total height H of conical open horn being 26mm 1 ＝30mm。
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the remarkable advantages that:
(1) the high-gain low-sidelobe conical beam antenna is simple in structure and easy to realize.
(2) The high-gain low-sidelobe conical beam antenna has the advantages of high gain and low sidelobe.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic overall front sectional view of a high-gain low-sidelobe cone beam antenna according to the present invention.
Fig. 2 is an overall schematic top-view cross-sectional view of a high-gain low sidelobe cone beam antenna of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a schematic front sectional view of a microstrip excitation unit in the high-gain low-sidelobe cone beam antenna according to the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a partial cross-sectional schematic view of fig. 3.
Fig. 5 is a schematic top sectional view of a microstrip excitation unit in the high-gain low-sidelobe cone beam antenna according to the present invention.
Fig. 6 is a bottom sectional view of the microstrip excitation unit in the high-gain low-sidelobe cone beam antenna according to the present invention.
Fig. 7 is a schematic side sectional view of a cone opening horn in a high gain low sidelobe cone beam antenna according to the present invention.
Fig. 8 is a schematic top sectional view of a cone opening horn in a high-gain low sidelobe cone beam antenna according to the present invention.
Fig. 9 is a schematic sectional view taken along line a-a of fig. 8.
Fig. 10 is a simulation diagram of return loss of an antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 11 is a far-field simulated pattern for an antenna of an embodiment of the high-gain low-sidelobe cone-beam antenna of the present invention at 35GHz phi 0 ° and phi 90 °.
Fig. 12 is a far field simulated pattern of the maximum beam profile at 35GHz for an embodiment of the high gain low sidelobe cone beam antenna of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention is described in further detail below with reference to the attached drawing figures. The following examples will assist those skilled in the art in further understanding the invention, but are not intended to limit the invention in any way. It should be noted that it would be obvious to those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications can be made without departing from the spirit of the invention. All falling within the scope of the present invention.
With reference to fig. 1-2, a high-gain low-sidelobe cone-beam antenna is composed of a micro-strip excitation unit 2 and a cone-shaped open-ended horn 1, wherein the center of the micro-strip excitation unit is located on the central axis of the cone-shaped open-ended horn, and cone-shaped beams generated by the micro-strip excitation unit radiate outwards through the face of the cone-shaped open-ended horn, so that the directivity of electromagnetic waves is enhanced, and a high-gain effect is achieved.
In a further embodiment, with reference to fig. 3 to 5, the top layer of the microstrip excitation unit is a radiation patch 21, the middle layer is a dielectric substrate 22, and the bottom layer is a metal floor 23, wherein the radiation patch 21 is composed of a circular monopole radiation patch 3, six tree-shaped parasitic patches 4, and an annular radiation patch 5, respectively, from the center of the circle radially outward, the circular monopole patch 3 in the microstrip excitation unit generates a cone beam through coaxial probe feeding, the six tree-shaped parasitic patches 4 are disposed at equal angular intervals along the edge of the circular monopole radiation patch 3, and each parasitic patch changes the patch surface current direction by digging a choke groove to achieve the effect of reducing the antenna side lobe, the periphery of the six tree-shaped parasitic patches 4 introduces additional resonance through the annular patch 5 loaded with a short-circuit pin to widen the impedance bandwidth of the antenna, and the loading of the short-circuit pin increases the radiation area during resonance, the antenna gain is improved.
In a further embodiment, a through hole with a probe diameter is dug in the center of the dielectric substrate 22 of the middle layer of the microstrip excitation unit 2, so that the probe penetrates through the substrate to excite the top radiation patch. A circular through hole is dug in the center of a metal floor 23 of the microstrip excitation unit 2 to prevent a short circuit between the probe and the ground, and the diameter of the through hole is about 2-3 times of that of the probe for better matching.
In a further embodiment, with reference to fig. 7, the cone-shaped open horn 1 has a 360 ° rotational symmetry structure, and the ring-shaped pillar 6 is loaded on the upper surface of the horn base for welding with the low-profile cone-beam antenna.
In a further embodiment, as shown in fig. 5, each parasitic tree patch is provided with 5 choke grooves, a fan-shaped choke groove and two pairs of ring-shaped choke grooves, wherein the fan-shaped choke grooves have a central angle β 2 Width d 2 Two pairs of annular choke grooves are respectively taken from two semi-annular grooves, wherein the inner and outer radiuses of one pair of annular choke grooves are respectively R 6 ,R 7 The central angles of the two annular choke grooves are respectively alpha 1 ，α 2 The distance between the edge of the slot and the edge of the fan-shaped choke slot is d 3 The inner and outer radii of the other pair of annular choke grooves are R 8 ,R 9 The central angles of the two annular choke grooves are respectively theta 1 ，θ 2 The distance between the edge of the groove and the circular monopole patch is d 1 . The cross-sectional view of the conical-opening horn is shown in FIG. 9, in which the conical openingThe overall height of the mouth horn is H 1 The height of the opening part is H 2 The height of the annular column is H 3 。
In the above technical solution, the above part for realizing high gain of the antenna: the aperture of the conical opening horn is larger, the antenna gain is higher, but the beam width and the antenna side lobe are considered, the antenna is selected to be 5 times of the wavelength corresponding to the central frequency, in addition, the short circuit pins on the annular patch also influence the antenna gain, the mutual coupling generated by the overlarge distance between the adjacent short circuit pins is about 0.05 wavelength generally, and the invention takes 0.06 wavelength.
In the above solution, the side lobe part for realizing the low antenna: the angle and width of the slot on the parasitic patch, and the height of the annular column in the conical opening horn; whether the parasitic patch is grooved or not and the grooving direction have great influence on the antenna side lobe, the groove direction should be vertical to the current flow direction of the circular monopole patch surface, and the invention adopts a coaxial probe feeding mode and provides a high-gain low-side lobe conical wave beam antenna with simple feeding.
The working process of the invention is as follows: the circular monopole radiation patch in the microstrip excitation unit adopts a coaxial probe to feed so as to generate a cone-shaped wave beam, the surface current direction of the patch is changed through six tree-shaped parasitic patches with choke grooves so as to reduce the antenna side lobe, and finally, extra resonance is introduced through loading the annular patch of the short-circuit pin so as to widen the impedance bandwidth of the antenna. TE excited by microstrip excitation unit 01 Mode and TM 01 The mode radiates outwards along the horn mouth surface, thereby enhancing the directivity of electromagnetic waves and achieving the effect of improving the gain of the antenna.
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to specific examples.
Example 1
The high-gain low-sidelobe conical beam antenna is composed of a micro-strip excitation unit and a conical open-ended horn, wherein the circle center of the micro-strip excitation unit is located on the central axis of the conical open-ended horn and is connected with an annular column on a base of the conical open-ended horn through a bottom metal floor.
As shown in fig. 3 to 5, the thickness th of the radiation patch and the metal floor is 0.018mm, the dielectric substrate is a Rogers RO4350 plate material, the thickness subH thereof is 0.508mm, and the radius R thereof is 1 10.5mm, with a diameter d cut out in the middle 4 A 0.75mm through hole is used for probe feed.
The radiating patches comprise a circular monopole radiating patch 3, six tree-shaped parasitic patches 4 and an annular radiating patch 5. Wherein the radius of the round monopole radiation patch is R5 ═ 1.78mm, the tree parasitic patches are placed in turn along the edge of the round monopole patch, and the radius of the outer ring is R 3 7mm, the lower minor lobe is obtained by grooving 6 parasitic patches with a groove of size α 1 ＝α 2 ＝80°，β 1 ＝50°，β 2 ＝35°，θ 1 ＝80.05°，θ 2 ＝79.95°，d 1 ＝1.2mm,d 2 ＝0.9mm,d 3 ＝1.3mm。R 6 ＝0.8mm,R 7 ＝1.4mm,R 8 ＝1.2mm,R 9 1.8mm, inner radius R of annular radiation patch 2 8mm, outer radius R 1 10.5mm, loading short circuit pins (90) with diameter d of 0.4mm on the edge of the inner ring, and digging out d in the middle of the radiation patch 4 A 0.75mm through hole is used for probe feed.
The diameter of the metal floor is R 1 10.5mm, with a diameter d cut out in the middle 5 1.8mm through hole.
As shown in FIG. 9, the inner diameter at the opening of the conical opening horn is D 2 43.56mm, outside diameter D 1 50mm, the diameter of the upper surface of the base is D 3 22.4mm, diameter of lower surface D 7 26.4mm, height H of the upper surface of the base from the opening 2 Total height H of conical open horn being 26mm 1 30 mm. The inner diameter of the annular column on the upper surface of the base is D 5 17mm, outside diameter D 4 19mm, high H 3 0.78mm, and the material is metallic aluminum.
And carrying out simulation optimization on the whole structure of the antenna in electromagnetic simulation software Ansys HFSS to obtain a simulation result of the high-gain low-side-lobe conical beam antenna.
Fig. 10 shows the return loss of the high-gain low-sidelobe cone beam antenna of the present embodiment. As can be seen from the figure, the return loss is lower than-10 dB in the frequency band of 34.59GHz to 36.62 GHz.
Fig. 11 shows far-field patterns of the high-gain low-sidelobe cone beam antenna of the present embodiment at 35GHz, phi being 0 ° and phi being 90 °. It can be seen that the maximum pointing angle of the antenna at 35GHz is 10 deg., the gain is 14.7dBi, and the SLL is-23.6 dB.
Fig. 12 shows the far field pattern at the 35GHz maximum beam profile of the high gain low sidelobe cone beam antenna of this example. As can be seen from the figure, the maximum beam profile has a ripple of 0.156dB and good roundness.
Claims (10)
1. A high-gain low-sidelobe cone-beam antenna is characterized by comprising a micro-strip excitation unit and a cone-shaped open horn, wherein the micro-strip excitation unit is positioned at the bottom of the cone-shaped open horn, the circle center of the micro-strip excitation unit is positioned on the central axis of the cone-shaped open horn, and cone-shaped beams generated by the micro-strip excitation unit radiate outwards through the face of the cone-shaped open horn.
2. The high-gain low-sidelobe cone beam antenna according to claim 1, wherein the microstrip excitation unit comprises an uppermost radiation patch, a middle dielectric substrate and a lowermost metal ground, wherein the radiation patches are composed of a circular monopole radiation patch, six tree-shaped parasitic patches and a ring-shaped radiation patch, respectively, the circle center of the radiation patch is radially outward, the circular monopole patch in the microstrip excitation unit generates a cone beam by coaxial probe feeding, the six tree-shaped parasitic patches are equiangularly spaced along the edge of the circular monopole radiation patch, and each parasitic patch is provided with a choke groove by digging to change the surface current direction of the patch.
3. The high-gain low-sidelobe cone beam antenna of claim 2 wherein the microstrip excitation elements are perforated with a probe diameter in the center of the dielectric substrate for probe penetration through the substrate for excitation of the top radiating patch.
4. The high gain low sidelobe cone beam antenna of claim 2 wherein the metal floor of the microstrip excitation element is hollowed out with a circular through hole.
5. The high-gain low sidelobe cone beam antenna according to claim 4, wherein the diameter of the circular through hole is 2-3 times the diameter of the probe.
6. The high-gain low-sidelobe cone beam antenna of claim 2, wherein each of the parasitic tree patches has 5 choke slots, one sector choke slot and two pairs of annular choke slots, the sector choke slots having a central angle β 2 Width d 2 Two pairs of annular choke grooves are respectively taken from two semi-annular grooves, wherein the inner and outer radiuses of one pair of annular choke grooves are respectively R 6 ,R 7 The central angles of the two annular choke grooves are respectively alpha 1 ，α 2 The distance between the edge of the slot and the edge of the fan-shaped choke slot is d 3 The inner and outer radii of the other pair of annular choke grooves are R 8 ,R 9 The central angles of the two annular choke grooves are respectively theta 1 ，θ 2 The distance between the edge of the groove and the circular monopole patch is d 1 ，α 1 ＝α 2 ＝80°，β 1 ＝50°，β 2 ＝35°，θ 1 ＝80.05°，θ 2 ＝79.95°，d 1 ＝1.2mm,d 2 ＝0.9mm,d 3 ＝1.3mm，R 6 ＝0.8mm,R 7 ＝1.4mm。
7. The high gain low sidelobe cone beam antenna of claim 2 wherein the annular radiating patch has an inner radius R 2 8mm, outer radius R 1 10.5mm, the inner ring edge is loaded with shorting pins with a diameter d of 0.4 mm.
8. The high-gain low-sidelobe cone beam antenna according to claim 1, wherein the cone-shaped open-ended horn has a 360 ° rotational symmetry structure, and the upper surface of the horn base is loaded with a ring-shaped post for welding with the microstrip excitation unit.
9. The high gain low sidelobe cone beam antenna of claim 7 wherein the inner diameter of the annular cylinder is D 5 17mm, outside diameter D 4 19mm, high H 3 0.78mm, and the material is metallic aluminum.
10. The high gain low sidelobe cone beam antenna of claim 1 wherein the inner diameter at the horn opening of the cone opening is D 2 43.56mm, outside diameter D 1 50mm, the diameter of the upper surface of the base is D 3 22.4mm, diameter of lower surface D 7 26.4mm, height H of the upper surface of the base from the opening 2 Total height H of conical open horn being 26mm 1 ＝30mm。
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Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2009098713A2 (en) * | 2008-01-01 | 2009-08-13 | Indian Space Research Organisation | Dual polarized antenna with multilevel hybrid beam forming network for high power |
| US20190036214A1 (en) * | 2017-07-28 | 2019-01-31 | University Of Electronic Science And Technology Of China | Antenna for generating arbitrarily directed Bessel beam |
| CN111987464A (en) * | 2020-07-17 | 2020-11-24 | 南京理工大学 | Ku/Ka waveband double-frequency cone-beam horn antenna |
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- 2022-06-21 CN CN202210705340.9A patent/CN114865326A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2009098713A2 (en) * | 2008-01-01 | 2009-08-13 | Indian Space Research Organisation | Dual polarized antenna with multilevel hybrid beam forming network for high power |
| US20190036214A1 (en) * | 2017-07-28 | 2019-01-31 | University Of Electronic Science And Technology Of China | Antenna for generating arbitrarily directed Bessel beam |
| CN111987464A (en) * | 2020-07-17 | 2020-11-24 | 南京理工大学 | Ku/Ka waveband double-frequency cone-beam horn antenna |
Non-Patent Citations (2)
| Title |
|---|
| HENGFEI XU等: "Wideband Low-Profile SIW Cavity-Backed Circularly Polarized Antenna With High-Gain and Conical-Beam Radiation", 《IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION》, vol. 66, no. 3, 31 March 2018 (2018-03-31), pages 1179 - 1188 * |
| METHFESSEL等: "Design of a balanced-fed patch-excited horn antenna at millimeter-wave frequencies", 《 PROCEEDINGS OF THE FOURTH EUROPEAN CONFERENCE ON ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION》, 8 July 2010 (2010-07-08), pages 1 - 4 * |
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