CN106887719B - Miniaturized broadband slant polarization omnidirectional antenna - Google Patents

Miniaturized broadband slant polarization omnidirectional antenna Download PDF

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Publication number
CN106887719B
CN106887719B CN201710192095.5A CN201710192095A CN106887719B CN 106887719 B CN106887719 B CN 106887719B CN 201710192095 A CN201710192095 A CN 201710192095A CN 106887719 B CN106887719 B CN 106887719B
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horizontal
section
arc section
polarization
cone
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CN106887719A (en
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李道铁
吴中林
刘木林
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Tongyu Communication Inc
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Tongyu Communication Inc
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
    • H01Q21/06—Arrays of individually energised antenna units similarly polarised and spaced apart
    • H01Q21/061—Two dimensional planar arrays
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/36—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/50—Structural association of antennas with earthing switches, lead-in devices or lightning protectors
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q15/00—Devices for reflection, refraction, diffraction or polarisation of waves radiated from an antenna, e.g. quasi-optical devices
    • H01Q15/24—Polarising devices; Polarisation filters 
    • H01Q15/242—Polarisation converters
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q5/00—Arrangements for simultaneous operation of antennas on two or more different wavebands, e.g. dual-band or multi-band arrangements
    • H01Q5/20—Arrangements for simultaneous operation of antennas on two or more different wavebands, e.g. dual-band or multi-band arrangements characterised by the operating wavebands

Abstract

The miniaturized broadband oblique polarization omnidirectional antenna forms an array by oblique polarization radiation units, each oblique polarization radiation unit comprises a single cone radiator, a lower parasitic stub, a cage-shaped parasitic body and a polarization deflector, the single cone radiator, the lower parasitic stub and the polarization deflector are arranged along a central axis, the single cone radiator is connected with coaxial feed, the lower parasitic stub is arranged on the periphery of the lower portion of the single cone radiator, the cage-shaped parasitic body is arranged above the lower parasitic stub and on the periphery of the middle portion of the single cone radiator, and the polarization deflector is arranged on the periphery of the single cone radiator, the lower parasitic stub and the cage-shaped parasitic body. The invention realizes the miniaturization and ultra wide band of the antenna by a loading mode, and the polarization deflector changes the vertical polarized wave into the oblique polarized wave, so that the antenna obtains the capability of simultaneously receiving vertical/horizontal polarized signals, thereby meeting the technical requirements of the vehicle-mounted radio direction finding/monitoring antenna.

Description

Miniaturized broadband slant polarization omnidirectional antenna
[ technical field ] A method for producing a semiconductor device
The invention relates to a radio direction finding and monitoring antenna device and technology, in particular to a miniaturized broadband oblique polarization omnidirectional antenna and technology thereof.
[ background of the invention ]
It is well known that the radio spectrum is an extremely precious and scarce resource due to its exclusivity and dedication. Due to co-channel interference problems, the spectrum required for radio services usually requires special planning and licensed allocation. Thus, each country has established a state-level radio regulatory agency, such as the chinese national radio regulatory commission, the federal communications commission FCC, and the like. Radio direction finding and monitoring is an important daily task of the national radio regulatory commission. The authorized frequency band is monitored constantly to determine whether an organization or an individual uses illegally, thereby interfering with legal service. Radio monitoring is of great importance for maintaining the regulation and order in the field of radio services. Technically, to determine the location of an illegal spectrum user, accurate radio direction finding and positioning are required. This is an important activity that has been carried out as early as in the cordless invention. In general, high-gain directional antennas, such as yagi antennas, log periodic antennas, (axial mode) helical antennas, etc., are used for radio direction finding. Due to the narrow beam of the receiving antenna, it is easy to determine the exact orientation of the radiation source. However, such a simple single antenna cannot determine the target distance. Moreover, the antenna needs to be rotated in the horizontal direction during direction finding, and the working efficiency is low. Modern radio direction finding and monitoring usually employs a vehicle mounted omnidirectional array antenna. After the antenna is carried on the vehicle, the inspection of a large-area geographic area can be realized in a short time, the consumed time is short, and the efficiency is high. By adopting the omnidirectional array antenna, the incoming wave direction can be accurately determined according to the time difference of the same radiation signal reaching different antenna array elements, so that the main lobe of the shaped beam points to the radiation source direction, and the target azimuth and distance are further accurately determined. It can be seen that the vehicle-mounted omnidirectional array antenna, whether direction-finding positioning accuracy or working efficiency, is much more desirable than the conventional directional antenna.
Secondly, the radio direction finding/monitoring antenna also needs to have an ultra-wide operating bandwidth to realize coverage of various radio service frequency bands. Furthermore, the antenna must also have the capability of receiving vertically/horizontally polarized waves simultaneously. Due to the characteristic, the direction-finding antenna really has the detection effects of ultra-wide band coverage, 360-degree omnidirectional reception and insensitive polarization. This is also the biggest technical difficulty in radio direction finding/monitoring antenna design. In addition, since the antenna is mounted on the roof, miniaturization and low profile are important design criteria. Conventional vehicle mounted omni-directional direction-finding/monitoring antennas typically employ a right-angled single cone design. The antenna has good ultra-wideband and omnidirectional characteristics, but is a typical vertical polarization mode and has poor receiving effect on a horizontal polarization signal. If an ultra-wideband horizontally polarized horizontal omni-directional antenna is specially designed, not only the size and volume of the whole antenna system become large, but also the technical difficulty is quite large. Therefore, in a case where the size is strictly limited, a scheme of independently designing two antennas for receiving horizontal/vertical polarized waves, respectively, is not ideal.
[ summary of the invention ]
The invention aims to provide a miniaturized broadband slant polarization omnidirectional antenna which has high gain, high efficiency, low profile, simple structure, easy production and low cost.
In order to realize the purpose of the invention, the following technical scheme is provided:
the invention aims to provide an omnidirectional antenna with (ultra) broadband, omni-directionality, H/V dual polarization, high gain, high efficiency, small size, low profile, simple structure, easy production and low cost for radio direction finding/monitoring, the single-cone antenna is subjected to parasitic loading, miniaturization and low profile are realized, and polarization deflectors are arranged around the single-cone antenna to change vertical polarization into oblique 45-degree polarization so as to simultaneously receive H/V polarized waves. The method has the characteristics of novel thought, clear principle, universal method, simple realization, low cost, suitability for batch production and the like, is a preferred scheme for replacing the conventional radio omnidirectional direction-finding/monitoring antenna, and is also applicable and effective to the design and improvement of the conventional single-cone antenna.
The invention provides an oblique polarization radiation unit, which comprises a single cone radiator, a lower parasitic stub, a cage-shaped parasitic body and a polarization deflector, wherein the single cone radiator, the lower parasitic stub, the cage-shaped parasitic body and the polarization deflector are arranged along a central axis, the single cone radiator is connected with a feed coaxial cable, the lower parasitic stub is arranged on the periphery of the lower part of the single cone radiator, the cage-shaped parasitic body is arranged above the lower parasitic stub and on the periphery of the middle part of the single cone radiator, and the polarization deflector is arranged on the periphery of the single cone radiator, the lower parasitic stub and the cage-shaped parasitic body.
The basic oblique polarization radiation units formed by the method form an MIMO array so as to realize the intelligent direction finding and positioning functions of beam forming; beamforming is a variety of algorithms that can achieve horizontal beam orientation.
Preferably, the single cone radiator comprises an elongated pointed cone with a large top and a small bottom, the bottom of the pointed cone is connected with the initial section of the cylinder, the top of the pointed cone is connected with the inverted cone, and the top of the pointed cone is reloaded with the top cylindrical section.
Preferably, the longitudinal section quadrilateral internal angle values of the pointed cone and the inverted cone have the following relationship:θ1＝0～45°、θ2>90°-θ1and 180 °>θ3>θ1Wherein theta1At the lower end of the pointed cone, theta2Is an internal angle theta at the connection part of the pointed cone and the inverted cone3Is the inner angle at the upper end of the inverted cone.
Preferably, the lower parasitic stub is a loaded inverted L-shaped stub array, the inverted L-shaped stub includes an upright section vertically fixed on the floor and a horizontal section horizontally suspended, the end of the horizontal section is bent inwards, and N inverted L-shaped stubs are arranged at equal intervals on the circumference surrounding the single cone radiator, where N is a natural number. Preferably, N has a value of 4.
Preferably, the bent part of the branch of the inverted L-shaped stub is provided with an arc angle, the inverted L-shaped stub is higher than the initial section of the bottom cylinder of the single-cone radiator, and the length ratio of the vertical section to the transverse section is 2-4.
Preferably, the cage-shaped parasitic body comprises an upper ring, a lower ring and a middle ring between the upper ring and the lower ring which are coaxially and horizontally arranged, the upper ring and the lower ring are connected through M vertical conductor sections which are uniformly arranged along the upper ring and the lower ring, the lower ends of the vertical conductors are bent inwards and vertically extend upwards to extend through the middle ring to be terminated, and M is a natural number. Preferably, M is 3 or more.
Preferably, the upper and lower rings are the same size, and the middle ring is slightly smaller in diameter than the upper and lower rings and is located adjacent to the upper ring.
Preferably, the polarization deflector comprises K conductor frames composed of a cylindrical spiral section and a horizontal arc section, the K conductor frames surround the single cone radiator at equal intervals, wherein K is a natural number. Preferably, K is 3 or more.
Preferably, the conductor frame of the polarization deflector comprises a first cylindrical spiral body with a lift angle α and a winding angle β, wherein a first horizontal circular arc segment, a second horizontal circular arc segment and a third horizontal circular arc segment extend from the upper portion, the middle portion and the lower portion of the first cylindrical spiral body respectively, the tail end of the first horizontal circular arc segment at the upper portion is firstly wound downwards to form a second cylindrical spiral segment with an equal lift angle α, then is connected with a fourth horizontal circular arc segment in an end connection mode, then is wound upwards to form a third cylindrical spiral segment with an equal lift angle α, then is connected with another fifth longer horizontal circular arc segment in an end connection mode, the fourth horizontal circular arc segment is arranged above the second horizontal circular arc segment and is spaced from the second horizontal circular arc segment by a certain distance, meanwhile, the middle portion of the second horizontal circular arc segment at the middle portion is wound downwards to form a fourth cylindrical spiral segment with a lift angle α, the fourth cylindrical spiral segment is spaced from the third horizontal circular arc segment, the tail end of the second horizontal circular arc segment is respectively wound upwards and wound downwards to form a fifth cylindrical spiral segment, the fifth cylindrical spiral segment and the fifth cylindrical spiral segment, the horizontal circular arc segment and the fifth circular arc segment are spaced from the lower end of the fifth cylindrical spiral segment, and the fifth horizontal circular arc segment, and the fifth circular arc segment are not spaced from the horizontal.
Preferably, all the lead angles of the spiral sections of the conductor frame are equal to α, the winding angle of each spiral section is β or 0.5 · β, the lead angles and the winding angles respectively range from α -35 ° to 65 ° and β -50 ° to 60 °, and the central angle of each horizontal circular arc section is ω -60 ° to 75 ° or ω/3.
Preferably, the obliquely polarized radiating elements form a MIMO array in the form of a planar array of a circular array or a square array.
Preferably, each component of the miniaturized broadband obliquely-polarized omnidirectional antenna unit or array is a good metal conductor, such as pure copper, copper alloy, and the like.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
the invention carries out deep optimization on the basis of using a single cone scheme for reference, realizes antenna miniaturization and ultra wide band by a loading mode, and innovatively designs the polarization deflector to change vertical polarization waves into oblique 45-degree polarization waves which can be decomposed into vertical and horizontal polarization components with equal size, so that the antenna obtains the capability of simultaneously receiving vertical/horizontal polarization signals, and the technical requirements of vehicle-mounted radio direction finding/monitoring antennas are met. By adopting the measures, the vehicle-mounted sky provided by the inventionThe line direction-finding/monitoring antenna can cover a mobile communication GSM frequency band (0.77-0.96GHz, VSWR is less than or equal to 2.50, BW is 190MHz and 21.97 percent) and an LTE frequency band (1.71-2.70GHz, VSWR is less than or equal to 2.50, BW is 870MHz and 40.56 percent), 45-degree oblique polarization (the difference of H/V polarization components is less than 1dB), higher gain (G is 1.3-7.5dBi), ideal out-of-roundness (C)<1dB), very high efficiency (η)ANot less than 75%). Then, the antennas are arranged into a circular array, and a beam forming algorithm is adopted, so that a directional beam which points to any horizontal direction and simultaneously receives an H/V polarized incoming wave can be formed, and the accuracy and precision of direction finding are greatly improved. In addition, the method has the characteristics of novel thought, clear principle, universal method, simple realization, low cost, suitability for batch production and the like, is a preferred scheme for replacing the conventional radio omnidirectional direction-finding/monitoring antenna, and is also applicable and effective to the design and improvement of the conventional single-cone antenna.
[ description of the drawings ]
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a rectangular coordinate system definition adopted by an antenna model according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of a single cone radiator model of the miniaturized wideband obliquely polarized omnidirectional antenna of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a front view of a single L-shaped parasitic stub model of a miniaturized wideband obliquely-polarized omnidirectional antenna of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a front view of an L-shaped lower parasitic stub circular array model of a miniaturized broadband obliquely-polarized omnidirectional antenna of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a top view of an L-shaped lower parasitic stub circular array model of a miniaturized broadband obliquely-polarized omnidirectional antenna of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a front view of a cage parasitic model of the miniaturized wideband obliquely polarized omnidirectional antenna of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a top view of a cage parasitic model of the miniaturized wideband obliquely-polarized omnidirectional antenna of the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a perspective view of a cage parasitic model of the miniaturized wideband obliquely polarized omnidirectional antenna of the present invention;
fig. 9 is a front view of a polarization deflector model of a miniaturized broadband obliquely polarized omnidirectional antenna of the present invention;
FIG. 10 is a cross-sectional view of a coaxial line excited single cone radiator antenna model of the miniaturized wideband obliquely polarized omnidirectional antenna of the present invention;
figure 11 is a perspective view of a complete model of the miniaturized broadband obliquely polarized omnidirectional antenna of the present invention;
FIG. 12 is a front view of a complete model of the miniaturized wideband obliquely polarized omnidirectional antenna of the present invention;
FIG. 13 is a top view of a complete model of a miniaturized broadband obliquely polarized omnidirectional antenna of the present invention;
figure 14 is a perspective view of a MIMO array of the miniaturized wideband obliquely polarized omni-directional antenna of the present invention;
figure 15 is a top view of a MIMO array of a miniaturized wideband obliquely polarized omni-directional antenna of the present invention;
FIG. 16 shows the input impedance Z of the miniaturized wideband obliquely polarized omnidirectional antenna of the present inventioninA frequency characteristic curve;
FIG. 17 shows the reflection coefficient | S of the miniaturized broadband obliquely polarized omnidirectional antenna of the present invention11An | curve;
figure 18 is a VSWR plot for a miniaturized wideband obliquely polarized omni-directional antenna in accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 19 is a diagram of the low frequency f of the miniaturized wideband obliquely polarized omnidirectional antenna of the present inventionL0.95GHz gain pattern;
FIG. 20 shows the IF f of the miniaturized broadband slant polarization omni-directional antenna of the present inventionC1.90GHz gain pattern;
FIG. 21 is a diagram of the high frequency f of the miniaturized wideband obliquely polarized omnidirectional antenna of the present inventionH2.50GHz gain pattern;
fig. 22 is a graph of the out-of-roundness of the H-plane (azimuth plane) of the miniaturized wideband obliquely-polarized omnidirectional antenna according to the present invention as a function of frequency f;
fig. 23 is a graph showing the characteristic of the variation of the E-plane (elevation plane) half-power beam width HPBW with the frequency f of the miniaturized wideband slant polarization omnidirectional antenna according to the present invention;
fig. 24 is a graph of the maximum gain G versus frequency f characteristic of the miniaturized wideband obliquely polarized omnidirectional antenna of the present invention;
FIG. 25 shows the efficiency η of the miniaturized broadband obliquely polarized omnidirectional antenna of the present inventionACurve with frequency f；
Fig. 26 shows the forming pattern of the MIMO array of the miniaturized wideband slant polarization omni-directional antenna of the present invention at f-1.90 GHz.
The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the invention and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments of the invention and together with the description serve to explain the invention without limiting or restricting the invention.
[ detailed description ] embodiments
The following provides a detailed description of the preferred embodiments of the present invention with reference to the accompanying drawings. Here, a detailed description will be given of the present invention with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be expressly understood that the preferred embodiments described herein are for purposes of illustration and explanation only and are not intended to limit or restrict the present invention.
Referring to fig. 1 to 15, the miniaturized wideband obliquely polarized omnidirectional antenna of the present invention is constructed as follows.
Step one, establishing a space rectangular coordinate system, as shown in figure 1;
step two, constructing a single-cone radiator 10: firstly, in the XOY plane, a diameter D is constructed with the origin of coordinates O as the center of a circlegThickness of TgIs used as the antenna floor 1, and secondly, a distance H directly above the center of the floorgHere, a vertical pointed cone 12 is made upwards, the bottom of the pointed cone is provided with a cylindrical starting section 11, then the pointed cone gradually opens upwards to the maximum, and then the pointed cone gradually tapers upwards to form an inverted cone 13, and the top of the inverted cone is loaded with a top cylindrical section 14, as shown in figure 2;
step three, arranging a lower parasitic stub 20: at the center of the circle D with the origin O as the centerLA group of upright inverted L-shaped branches arranged at equal intervals are arranged on the circumference of the radius and surround the periphery of the single-cone radiator 10 in the second step; the bottom end of the branch upright section 21 is connected with the floor, the tail end 23 of the transverse section 22 is bent inwards, an arc angle 24 is arranged at the bent position of the branch, and the height of the branch is slightly higher than that of the bottom cylindrical initial section 11 of the single-cone radiator 10, as shown in fig. 3-5;
step four, constructing the upper cage-shaped parasite 30: placing two horizontal rings above the inverted-L-shaped branch knot and in the middle of the single-cone radiator 10 in sequence from top to bottom, wherein the two horizontal rings are distributed into an upper ring 31 and a lower ring 33, then connecting the two rings into a whole by using a group of vertical conductors 34 uniformly arranged along the ring shape, and ending after the lower ends of the vertical conductors 34 are bent inwards and vertically upwards extend through another isolated horizontal middle ring 32 below the upper ring 31, as shown in FIGS. 6-8;
step five, constructing a polarization deflector 40: the diameter is D by taking the normal line of the center of the disc as an axispA first cylindrical spiral body 41 with a rising angle of α and a winding angle of β is constructed on the cylindrical surface of the first cylindrical spiral body 41, then a first horizontal circular arc section 42, a second horizontal circular arc section 43 and a third horizontal circular arc section 44 are respectively made at the upper part, the middle part and the lower part of the first cylindrical spiral body 41, wherein the tail end of the first horizontal circular arc section 42 at the upper part is firstly wound downwards into a second cylindrical spiral section 45 with an equal rising angle of α, then a fourth horizontal circular arc section 46 is terminated, then the second horizontal circular arc section is wound upwards into a third cylindrical spiral section 47 with another same rising angle of α, and then another longer fifth horizontal circular arc section 48 is terminated, meanwhile, a fourth cylindrical spiral section 50 with a rising angle of α is wound downwards in the middle part of the second horizontal circular arc section 43 at the middle part, the tail end of the second horizontal circular arc section 43 is respectively wound upwards and downwards into a fifth cylindrical spiral section 49 with a rising angle of α, the upper end and the lower end of the fifth cylindrical spiral section 49 are respectively wound upwards and a parasitic spiral section 48 and a parasitic spiral frame with an angle of 120 degrees, and a parasitic cone are respectively arranged around the cylindrical spiral frame, and the parasitic cone frame is then deflected for a short distance L3, and a short distance is formed between the parasitic cone, and a parasitic cone is formed;
step six, bottom feeding of the coaxial cable: and (2) drilling a round hole in the center of the metal floor 1 in the second step, placing a concentric metal ring 3 on the round hole, and contacting the bottom of the round hole with the floor 1. Then, a 50 omega coaxial cable 2 passes through the round hole from bottom to top, the inner conductor extends upwards to the bottom of the single cone in the second step and is welded with the bottom of the single cone, and the outer conductor is disconnected at the upper surface of the metal ring and is welded with the metal ring into a whole, as shown in fig. 10;
step seven, antenna MIMO array: the omnidirectional antenna composed of the single-cone radiator 10, the lower parasitic stub 20, the cage parasitic body 30, the polarization deflector 40 and the coaxial feed is used as a basic oblique polarization radiation unit to form an MIMO array, as shown in fig. 11 to 15;
in this embodiment, the oblique polarized radiation unit includes a single cone radiator 10, a lower parasitic stub 20, a cage parasitic body 30, and a polarized deflector 40, which are arranged along a central axis, the single cone radiator 10 is connected with a coaxial feed, the lower parasitic stub 20 is disposed around the lower portion of the single cone radiator 10, the cage parasitic body 30 is disposed above the lower parasitic stub 20 and around the middle portion of the single cone radiator 10, and the polarized deflector is disposed around the single cone radiator, the lower parasitic stub 20, and the cage parasitic body.
The single cone radiator 10 comprises an elongated pointed cone with a large top and a small bottom, the bottom of which is directly connected to a cylindrical starting section 11, the top of which is connected to an inverted cone 13, and the top of which is reloaded with a top cylindrical section 14. The longitudinal section quadrilateral internal angle values of the pointed cone 12 and the inverted cone 13 have the following relationship: theta1＝0～45°、θ2>90°-θ1And 180 °>θ3>θ1Wherein theta1At the lower end of the pointed cone 12, is an inner angle theta2Is an internal angle theta at the joint of the pointed cone 12 and the inverted cone 133Is an inner angle at the upper end of the inverted cone 13.
This lower parasitic stub 20 is the loading short stub of falling L shape battle array, including four short stubs of falling L shape, should fall L shape short stub and include the vertical section 21 of standing on the floor and the horizontal section 22 of horizontal suspension of being fixed in, the terminal 23 of horizontal section 22 is inwards buckled, and the branch and knot department of buckling of this short stub of falling L shape is equipped with arc angle 24, and the short stub of falling L shape is highly higher than the originated section 11 of bottom cylinder of single cone irradiator 10, and the ratio of the length of standing section 21 and horizontal section 22 is 2 ~ 4. The four inverted-L stubs are arranged at equal intervals around the circumference of the single cone radiator 10.
The cage-shaped parasitic body comprises an upper circular ring 31, a lower circular ring 33 and a middle circular ring 32 between the upper circular ring and the lower circular ring which are coaxially and horizontally arranged, wherein the upper circular ring 31 and the lower circular ring 33 are connected through four vertical conductors 34 which are uniformly arranged along the upper circular ring and the lower circular ring, and the lower ends of the vertical conductors 34 are bent inwards and vertically extend upwards to extend through the middle circular ring 32 to be terminated. The upper ring 31 and the lower ring 33 are the same size, and the middle ring 32 is smaller in diameter than the upper ring 31 and the lower ring 33 and is positioned close to the upper ring.
The polarization deflector comprises a conductor frame consisting of three cylindrical spiral sections and a horizontal arc section, wherein the three conductor frames surround the periphery of the single-cone radiation 10 body at equal intervals, and the intervals are 120 degrees.
In this embodiment, the conductor frame of the polarization deflector includes a first cylindrical spiral body 41 with a lead angle α and a winding angle β, a first horizontal arc segment 42, a second horizontal arc segment 43 and a third horizontal arc segment 44 extend from the upper portion, the middle portion and the lower portion of the first cylindrical spiral body 41 respectively, wherein the end of the first horizontal arc segment 42 at the upper portion is first wound downward to form a second cylindrical spiral segment 45 with a lead angle α equal to that of the first cylindrical spiral segment, and then is connected with a fourth horizontal arc segment 46, and then is wound upward to form a third cylindrical spiral segment 47 with another lead angle α equal to that of the first cylindrical spiral segment, and then is connected with another fifth longer horizontal arc segment 48, the fourth horizontal arc segment 46 is spaced above the second horizontal arc segment 43, meanwhile, the middle portion of the second horizontal arc segment 43 at the middle portion is wound downward to form a fourth cylindrical spiral segment 50 with a lead angle α, the fourth cylindrical spiral segment 50 is spaced from the third horizontal arc segment 44, the end of the second horizontal arc segment 43 is wound upward to form a fifth cylindrical spiral segment, the lead wire 50 with a lead wire with a distance from the fifth cylindrical spiral segment, the lead wire 50, the lead wire is wound downward, and the lead wire has a closed horizontal arc segment, and the lead wire, the lead wire is wound horizontal wire.
The lead angles of all the spiral sections of the conductor frame are equal to α, the winding angle of each spiral section is β or 0.5 · β, the values of the lead angles and the winding angles are α ° -35 ° -65 ° and β ° -50 ° -60 °, the central angle of each horizontal arc section is ω ═ 60 ° -75 ° or ω/3, please refer to fig. 11-15, a MIMO array is formed by five oblique polarization radiation units, a miniaturized broadband oblique polarization omnidirectional antenna is formed, and another four oblique polarization radiation units are uniformly arranged around the MIMO array.
The invention adoptsThe method comprises the following steps of 1) optimizing the shape and size of a single cone, including optimizing the length and diameter values of a cylindrical section at the top and the bottom of the cone and setting a proper angle value of a triangle inside a section, 2) optimizing a parasitic stub under an L shape, including the length ratio of a vertical section to a horizontal section and the position of a distance center, and the like, 3) optimizing a polarization deflector, including setting the lift angle and radian of a cylindrical spiral section, the length and the linear diameter of a horizontal circular arc section and the distance between the horizontal circular arc section and a cone axis, 4) conducting center coaxial feeding, 5) optimizing array element spacing and the position, compared with a conventional scheme, achieving remarkable performance improvement of the ultra-wide bandwidth, simultaneously covering GSM900 and LTE frequency bands (0.77-0.96GHz/1.71-2.58GHz), achieving the second and higher gains, enabling unit gains to reach 1.3-7.5, well directional diagrams, almost equal gain bandwidth and impedance bandwidth, achieving the second and ideal non-roundness, enabling H plane non-omni-directivity to be less than 1dB, three-polarization components and polarization components are equal, horizontal and vertical components are almost equal, and high-efficiency (η dANot less than 75%); sixthly, the MIMO array effect and the beam forming capability can be used for accurately positioning and direction finding; seven, small size, low profile, cone height and floor diameter less than 0.187 lambda respectivelyLAnd 0.9. lambda.L。
Specific parameter effects can be seen in fig. 16 to 26:
FIG. 16 shows the input impedance Z of a miniaturized broadband obliquely polarized omnidirectional antennainA frequency characteristic curve. Wherein the horizontal axis (X-axis) is the frequency f in GHz; the longitudinal axis (Y-axis) being the impedance ZinIn units of Ω; solid line represents real part RinThe dotted line represents the imaginary part Xin. As shown in the figure, in the frequency band of 0.77-0.96/1.71-2.58GHz, the variation ranges of the real part and the imaginary part are respectively as follows: + 13- +60 Ω and-10- +50 Ω, and has a broadband impedance characteristic.
FIG. 17 shows the reflection coefficient | S for a miniaturized broadband obliquely polarized omnidirectional antenna11The | curve. Wherein the horizontal axis (X-axis) is the frequency f in GHz; the longitudinal axis (Y-axis) being S11Amplitude of (S)11And | in dB. It is known from the figure that the antenna realizes better impedance matching and reflection coefficient | S in the GSM 0.77-0.96GHz band (BW 190MHz, 21.97%) and the LTE1.71-2.58GHz band (BW 870MHz, 40.56%)11Less than or equal to-8.0, and the lowest level-24.75 dB; the relative bandwidth of the two frequency bands is respectively larger than 21% and 40%, and the ultra-wide bandwidth is realized.
Figure 18 shows a VSWR plot for a miniaturized broadband obliquely polarized omni-directional antenna. Wherein the horizontal axis (X-axis) is the frequency f in GHz; the vertical axis (Y-axis) is VSWR. The figure shows that the antenna realizes better impedance matching in a GSM 0.77-0.96GHz frequency band (BW 190MHz, 21.97%) and an LTE1.71-2.58GHz frequency band (BW 870MHz, 40.56%), the standing-wave ratio VSWR is less than or equal to 2.50, and the lowest value is 1.02; the relative bandwidth of the two frequency bands is respectively larger than 21% and 40%, and the ultra-wide bandwidth is realized.
FIG. 19 shows the low frequency f of a miniaturized wideband obliquely polarized omnidirectional antennaLThe 0.95GHz gain pattern. Wherein the solid line represents an H plane (horizontal plane), and the dotted line represents an E plane (vertical plane); the smooth lines indicate the main polarization and the dotted lines the cross polarization. As shown in the figure, the H-plane has good out-of-roundness, the E-plane beam points in the direction θ of 48 °, and the gain G is 3.47 dBi; theta component and Phi component in the main lobe are almost completely equal, which shows that the polarization mode is ideal oblique 45-degree polarization and the polarization purity is high (XPD)>20dB)。
FIG. 20 shows the low frequency f of a miniaturized wideband obliquely polarized omnidirectional antennaC1.90GHz gain pattern. Wherein the solid line represents an H plane (horizontal plane), and the dotted line represents an E plane (vertical plane); the smooth lines indicate the main polarization and the dotted lines the cross polarization. As shown in the figure, the H-plane has good out-of-roundness, the E-plane beam points to the direction θ of 58 °, and the gain G is 4.27 dBi; theta component and Phi component in the main lobe are almost completely equal, which shows that the polarization mode is ideal oblique 45-degree polarization and the polarization purity is high (XPD)>30dB)。
FIG. 21 shows the low frequency f of a miniaturized wideband obliquely polarized omnidirectional antennaH2.50GHz gain pattern. Wherein the solid line represents an H plane (horizontal plane), and the dotted line represents an E plane (vertical plane); the smooth lines indicate the main polarization and the dotted lines the cross polarization. As shown in the figure, the H-plane has good out-of-roundness, the E-plane beam points in the direction θ of 76 °, and the gain G is 2.77 dBi; theta component and Phi component in the main lobe are almost completely equal, which shows that the polarization mode is ideal oblique 45-degree polarization and the polarization purity is high (XPD)>20dB)。
Fig. 22 shows the H-plane out-of-roundness versus frequency f for a miniaturized wideband obliquely polarized omni-directional antenna. Wherein the horizontal axis (X-axis) is the frequency f in GHz; the vertical axis (Y-axis) is out of roundness in degrees dB. It is known from the figure that the out-of-roundness (the omni-directionality or the uniformity) of the horizontal plane (H plane) directional diagram is less than 1dB in the whole low-frequency and high-frequency low-band, the horizontal omni-directionality is ideal, and the high-frequency high-band becomes worse and is reduced to 4 dB.
Fig. 23 shows the characteristic of the E-plane (vertical plane) half-power beamwidth HBPW of the miniaturized broadband obliquely-polarized omnidirectional antenna as a function of frequency f. Wherein the horizontal axis (X-axis) is the frequency f in GHz; the vertical axis (Y-axis) is the beam width in degrees (deg). As shown in the figure, the in-band half-power bandwidth HPBW is 20 ° to 120 °, and the vertical plane (E-plane) bandwidth is wide, which is favorable for signal reception.
Fig. 24 shows the maximum gain versus frequency f characteristic of a miniaturized wideband obliquely polarized omnidirectional antenna. Wherein the horizontal axis (X-axis) is the frequency f in GHz; the vertical axis (Y-axis) is gain in dBi. As shown in the figure, the in-band gain variation range is G1.3-7.5 dBi, and gradually increases with the frequency.
FIG. 25 shows the efficiency η of a miniaturized wideband obliquely polarized omnidirectional antennaAPlotted against frequency f, where the horizontal axis (X-axis) is frequency f in GHz and the vertical axis (Y-axis) is efficiency, it is shown that in the low frequency band where the match is poor, the antenna efficiency η isANot less than 60%, and in the well-matched high frequency band, the efficiency is ηA≥88％。
Fig. 26 shows the shaped pattern of a MIMO array of a miniaturized wideband slant-polarized omni-directional antenna at f 1.90 GHz. As can be seen, the array beam is pointed somewhere in the azimuth plane and tilted up by an angle of about 72 °, and the pattern becomes directional radiation.
The above are merely preferred examples of the present invention and are not intended to limit or restrict the present invention. Various modifications and alterations of this invention will occur to those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (8)

1. An oblique polarization radiation unit is characterized by comprising a single cone radiator, a lower parasitic stub, a cage-shaped parasitic body and a polarization deflector, wherein the single cone radiator, the lower parasitic stub, the cage-shaped parasitic body and the polarization deflector are arranged along a central axis, the single cone radiator is connected with a feed coaxial cable, the lower parasitic stub is arranged on the periphery of the lower portion of the single cone radiator, the cage-shaped parasitic body is arranged on the periphery of the middle portion of the single cone radiator above the lower parasitic stub, the polarization deflector is arranged on the periphery of the single cone radiator, the lower parasitic stub and the cage-shaped parasitic body, the polarization deflector comprises K conductor frames composed of a cylindrical spiral section and a horizontal circular arc section, the K conductor frames surround the periphery of the single cone radiator at equal intervals, wherein K is a natural number, the conductor frames of the polarization deflector comprise a first cylindrical spiral body with a lift angle α and a winding angle β, a first horizontal circular arc section, a second horizontal circular arc section and a third horizontal circular arc section extend out from the upper portion, the middle portion and the lower portion of the first cylindrical spiral section, a second horizontal arc section and a third horizontal arc section are respectively extended upwards, the horizontal arc section, the tail end of the cylindrical spiral section is connected with a second horizontal arc section α, the cylindrical spiral section upwards, a second horizontal arc section is connected with a third horizontal arc section upwards, a horizontal arc section upwards is connected with a horizontal arc section α, a horizontal arc section upwards wound with a horizontal arc section upwards wound distance between the cylindrical spiral section upwards, a third horizontal arc section upwards wound with a horizontal arc section upwards, a horizontal arc section upwards wound with a third horizontal arc section upwards wound with a horizontal arc section upwards, a horizontal arc section upwards wound with.
2. The oblique polarized radiating element of claim 1, wherein the single cone radiator comprises an elongated pointed cone with a large top and a small bottom, the bottom of the pointed cone being connected to the beginning of the cylinder, the top of the pointed cone being connected to an inverted cone, and the top of the pointed cone being reloaded with the top cylindrical section.
3. The obliquely polarized radiating element of claim 2, wherein the quadrilateral internal angles of the longitudinal sections of the pointed cone and the inverted cone have the following relationships: theta 1 is 0-45 degrees, theta 2 is more than 90-theta 1 and 180 degrees is more than theta 3 and is more than theta 1, wherein theta 1 is the internal angle of the lower end of the pointed cone, theta 2 is the internal angle of the connecting part of the pointed cone and the inverted cone, and theta 3 is the internal angle of the upper end of the inverted cone.
4. The obliquely polarized radiating element of claim 2, wherein the lower parasitic stub is a loaded inverted-L stub array, the inverted-L stub includes an upright section vertically fixed on the floor and a horizontally suspended transverse section, the end of the transverse section is bent inward, and N inverted-L stubs are arranged at equal intervals on a circumference surrounding the single cone radiator, where N is a natural number.
5. The oblique polarized radiation unit of claim 4, wherein the bent part of the branch of the inverted L-shaped stub is provided with an arc angle, the height of the inverted L-shaped stub is higher than the bottom cylindrical starting section of the single cone radiator, and the length ratio of the vertical section to the horizontal section is 2-4.
6. The obliquely polarized radiating element of claim 1, wherein the cage parasitic element comprises an upper ring, a lower ring and a middle ring between the upper and lower rings, the upper and lower rings being coaxially and horizontally arranged, the upper and lower rings being connected by M vertical conductors uniformly arranged along the upper and lower rings, the lower ends of the vertical conductors being bent inward and extending vertically upward to terminate after extending through the middle ring, wherein M is a natural number.
7. The oblique polarized radiation unit of claim 1, wherein the lead angle of all the spiral sections of the conductor frame is α, the winding angle of each spiral section is β or β/2, the lead angle and the winding angle respectively range from α -65 ° and β -50-60 °, and the central angle of each horizontal circular arc section is ω 60-75 ° or ω/3.
8. A miniaturized broadband slant-polarized omnidirectional antenna, comprising at least two slant-polarized radiation units according to any one of claims 1 to 7 forming a MIMO array.
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CN108539429B (en) * 2018-03-27 2020-08-11 电子科技大学 Broadband omnidirectional oblique polarization antenna for metal carrier
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