CN1148612A - 用于耐环境腐蚀涂层的水性涂料组合物 - Google Patents
用于耐环境腐蚀涂层的水性涂料组合物 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN1148612A CN1148612A CN96109431A CN96109431A CN1148612A CN 1148612 A CN1148612 A CN 1148612A CN 96109431 A CN96109431 A CN 96109431A CN 96109431 A CN96109431 A CN 96109431A CN 1148612 A CN1148612 A CN 1148612A
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- Prior art keywords
- acrylate copolymer
- coating composition
- group
- functional
- carbamate
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Abstract
耐环境腐蚀涂层，它由水性可固化涂料组合物得到，该组合物包括：(a)氨基甲酸酯官能的接枝丙烯酸聚合物，它含有第一丙烯酸聚合物和第二丙烯酸聚合物的反应产物，第一和第二丙烯酸聚合物的至少一种具有赋予接枝丙烯酸聚合物水分散性的基团且二者中至少有一种具有氨基甲酸酯官能键；和(b)第二组分，它含有一种具有多个与氨基甲酸酯官能键反应的官能团的化合物。
Description
本发明涉及水性涂料组合物和由其得到的涂层。具体地说，本发明涉及面漆涂料，特别是具有高光泽度和/或高DOI(鲜映性)的涂料，例如用作汽车面漆的涂料。
涂装工艺对环境的影响和环境对涂层的影响在近几十年来已逐渐发展成涂装技术。工业上对用对环境没什么破坏的材料开发涂料做了相当大的努力，例如为在其施用中对环境有较低影响而含有较低含量的挥发性有机化合物的涂料。另一方面，又很难开发出对环境降解也有所需抗性的这样的涂料。
近年来已引起注意的环境降解的一种方式是环境腐蚀。“环境腐蚀”是一种表面点蚀和据认为是因环境酸对涂层的破坏造成的花斑所给的名称。环境腐蚀表面为在涂层上面或之中的斑点或刻印，经常不能被磨掉。在涂层为高光泽和/或高DOI(鲜映性)涂层的情况下，由于这种光泽的或高反射涂层的表面缺陷极易发现，因此环境腐蚀尤其成问题。高光泽和/或高DOI涂料广泛用于涂装技术领域。汽车工业广泛使用了这类涂料，常常作为车身板的彩色面漆加清漆罩光的复合涂料。汽车涂层很可能显示出环境腐蚀性，因为经常处于室外和经常在涂装的制品中生热是有利于腐蚀降解的因素。
先有技术的涂料组合物，例如高固含量磁漆，虽然当它们用于外用漆时已知具有耐久性和耐老化性，但用作面漆涂料时不能提供所需水平的耐环境腐蚀性。对于先有技术高光泽或高DOI涂料，环境腐蚀尤为关注。已提出聚氨酯、酸-环氧系统等等之类的组合物用作表漆涂层。不过，许多先有技术系统有缺点，例如涂覆性问题、与下面的涂层相容性问题或高含量挥发性有机化合物问题。此外， 已发现很少的单组分涂料组合物能提供满意的耐环境腐蚀性，特别是在汽车涂层要求的条件下。因此，仍需要挥发性有机化合物含量低、能提供满意的耐环境腐蚀性的可固化涂料组合物。
现已发现，可以由一种水性可固化涂料组合物得到的耐环境腐蚀的涂层，所述组合物包括：
(a)一种氨基甲酸酯官能的接枝丙烯酸聚合物，它包括以下(i)和(ii)的反应产物：
(i)具有官能键(I)的第一丙烯酸聚合物，以及
(ii)具有与第一丙烯酸聚合物的官能键(I)反应的官能键(II)的第二丙烯酸聚合物，其中第一和第二丙烯酸聚合物的一种或两种具有赋予接枝丙烯酸聚合物水分散性的基团且第一和第二丙烯酸聚合物的一种或两种具有氨基甲酸酯官能键； 以及
(b)一种具有多个能与该氨基甲酸酯官能键反应的官能团的化合物。
这种涂料固化时能提供一种高度耐环境腐蚀的坚韧而耐久并引人注目的精饰面层。这种涂料组合物能有效地作为单组分系统施用，不必就在施用之前与反应性物质混合作为两组分系统。本发明的涂料组合物与以前的水基系统相比提供了耐酸腐蚀性。这种涂料特别适用作按照ASTM D523-89测定，20°光泽度至少为80或按照ASTM E430-91测定，DOI至少为80或这两种情况的涂层，尤其适用作复合彩色面漆加清漆罩光涂层中的透明涂料。
本发明的水性可固化涂料组合物含有一种氨基甲酸酯官能的接枝丙烯酸聚合物，和一种具有多个能与该丙烯酸聚合物的氨基甲酸酯官能键反应的官能团的化合物。接枝的丙烯酸聚合物是通过使具有官能键(I)的第一丙烯酸聚合物与具有能与第一丙烯酸聚合物的官能键(I)反应的官能键(II)的第二丙烯酸聚合物反应而制得。第一和第二丙烯酸聚合物中的一种或两种具有氨基甲酸官能键，且第一和第二丙烯酸聚合物中的一种或两种具有赋予接枝丙烯酸聚合物水分散性的基团。
氨基甲酸酯官能键可以仅在第一和第二丙烯酸聚合物中的一种上。在优选实施方案中，氨基甲酸酯官能键是在第一丙烯酸聚合物和第二丙烯酸聚合物上。氨基甲酸酯官能键可以多种方式引入丙烯酸聚合物中。制备这类聚合物的一种方式是在聚合反应中使用在单体的酯部分中具有氨基甲酸酯官能键的丙烯酸单体。这类单体在本技术领域是公知的，例如在美国专利3,479,328,3,674,838, 4,126,747；4,279,833和4,340,497中做了说明，其公开內容在此并入本文作参考。例如，一种合成方法涉及羟基酯与脲反应生成氨基甲酰氧基羧酸酯(即，氨基甲酸酯改性的丙烯酸酯)。另一种合成方法是使α，β-不饱和酸酯与羟基氨基甲酸酯反应生成氨基甲酰氧基羧酸酯。又一种技术涉及通过使伯或仲胺或二胺与环状碳酸酯(如，碳酸亚乙酯)反应而形成氨基甲酸羟烷基酯。然后，氨基甲酸羟烷基酯上的羟基通过与丙烯酸或甲基丙烯酸反应而被酯化，生成氨基甲酸酯官能的单体。制备氨基甲酸酯改性的丙烯酸单体的其它方法在本技术领域中有说明，也可以采用。然后，采用本领域公知的技术，使丙烯酸单体与其它烯属不饱和单体一起进行聚合。
按照美国专利4,758,632介绍，向丙烯酸聚合物中引入氨基甲酸酯官能键的另一种途径是使已形成的丙烯酸聚合物与另一种组分反应以将氨基甲酸酯官能团加合到丙烯酸聚合物主链上，该专利的公开內容在此结合入本文作参考。制备氨基甲酸酯官能聚合物的一种技术包括在羟基官能的丙烯酸聚合物存在下，将尿素分解成氨和HNCO，作为付产物形成氨基甲酸酯官能的聚合物。另一种技术涉及使氨基甲酸羟烷基酯的羟基与异氰酸酯官能的丙烯酸聚合物的异氰酸酯基反应生成氨基甲酸酯官能的丙烯酸聚合物。异氰酸酯官能的丙烯酸系物是本技术领域已知的，例如在美国专利4,301,257中做了说明，其公开內容在此并入本文作参考。烯属不饱和异氰酸酯单体是本技术领域公知的，包括偏异戊二烯基-α，α-二甲基苄基异氰酸酯(American Cyanamid以TMT出售)以及甲基丙烯酸异氰酸根合乙酯。另一种技术是使丙烯酸上的环状碳酸酯与氨反应生成碳酸酯官能的丙烯酸聚合物。环状碳酸酯官能的丙烯酸聚合物是本技术领域已知的，例如在美国专利2,979,514中有说明，其公开内容在此并入本文作参考。另一手段是使羟基官能的聚合物与氨基甲酸烷基酯进行转氨基甲酰化反应。制备聚合物的一种更难但可取的方式是使丙烯酸酯聚合物与氨基甲酸羟烷基酯进行酯基转移反应。
在一个优选实施方案中，氨基甲酸酯官能键包括-L-O-C(＝O)-NHR结构。R代表H，烷基(优选C1-C6)或环烷基(优选至多6个环碳原子)。可以理解，术语烷基和环烷基包括取代的烷基和环烷基，例如卤代烷基或环烷基。不过，避免对固化材料的性质有不利影响的取代基。
L代表二价连接基，优选C1-C8脂族连接基、环脂族连接基或C6-C10芳族连接基。L的例子包括和
-(CH2)-，-(CH2)2-，-(CH2)4-，等等。在一个优选实施方案中，-L-代表-COO-L′-，其中L′是二价连接基。
L′可以是二价脂族连接基，优选C1-C8。例如，-(CH2)-，-(CH2)2-，-(CH2)4-，等等，或二价脂环连接基，优选至多C8，例如环己基，等等。不过，根据制备聚合物所用的技术，也可以使用其它二价连接基。例如，如果氨基甲酸羟烷基酯加合到异氰酸酯官能的丙烯酸聚合物上，则连接基L′将包括-NHCOO-氨基甲酸乙酯键作为异氰酸酯基的残基。
另外，第一和第二丙烯酸聚合物中的一种或两种上面具有赋予接枝丙烯酸聚合物水分散性的亲水基团。尽管在某些情况下，在第一和第二丙烯酸聚合物上均具有赋予接枝丙烯酸聚合物水分散性的基团可能是有利的，但在其它情况下，仅在第二丙烯酸聚合物上具有这样的基团是优选的。在一种聚合物上具有全部亲水基形成的分散体可能具有改进的应用特性。赋予接枝丙烯酸聚合物水分散性的基团可以是阴离子、阳离子或非离子的。对许多应用来说，优选阴离子和非离子基团，因为聚合物上的阴离子(如，胺)可能使固化的涂层中发黄。羧酸基特别优选作为赋予接枝丙烯酸聚合物水分散性的基团。
与向丙烯酸聚合物上引入氨基甲酸酯基类似，赋予水分散性的基团的引入可通过聚合含这种基团的烯属不饱和单体或通过形成的丙烯酸聚合物的进一步反应以将亲水基团引入主链上而进行。在聚合聚合物过程中用以引入赋予水分散性的基团的反应性单体包括烯属不饱和酸和酸酐，烯属不饱和胺，以及烯属不饱和多醚。可使用的烯属不饱和酸包括α，β-烯属不饱和C3-C5-羧酸，α，β-烯属不饱和C4-C6二羧酸及其酸酐和单酯，和不饱和磺酸。代表例包括丙烯酸、甲基丙烯酸和巴豆酸；富马酸、马来酸和衣康酸及酸酐以及它们的酯，例如马来酸一甲酯和马来酸一己酯；以及丙烯酰氨基甲基丙烷磺酸。可使用的烯属不饱和胺包括甲基丙烯酸叔丁氨基乙酯和甲基丙烯酸二甲氨基乙酯。可使用的烯属不饱和多醚包括烷氧基聚乙二醇酯或含3-5个碳原子的α，β-烯属不饱和一羧酸的酰胺。
另一种技术包括在聚合反应之后使赋予丙烯酸聚合物水分散性的基团反应。这可例如通过合成羟基官能的丙烯酸和使羟基与酸酐加合来完成。另一种制备方法是合成异氰酸酯官能的丙烯酸并使异氰酸酯基与烷氧基聚乙二醇或烷氧基聚乙二醇胺加合。
用于形成上述单体或在聚合反应之后反应到丙烯酸聚合物上的烷氧基聚乙二醇或烷氧基聚乙二醇胺可通过用环氧乙烷或环氧乙烷与其它至多10个碳原子的环氧化物(如，环氧丙烷或环氧丁烷)的混合物烷氧基化一元醇而获得。丙烯酸聚合物中所含的烷氧基聚乙二醇或胺的残基可以由D(CH(R1)CH2O-)nR2表示，且可以是聚合度为n的烷氧基聚氧乙烯或烷氧基聚氧乙烯/聚氧化烯共聚物，n为1-1000的整数。在烷氧基聚乙二醇的情况下，D为0；而在胺的情况下，D为NH。最好，n是20-200的整数，更优选40-70。因此，R1是氢或氢与C1-C8烷基的混合物。R1为氢或氢与C1-C3烷基的混合物特别有利。R2是C1-C30烷基。在一个方案中，R1是氢且R2是甲基。
除了具有氨基甲酸酯官能键或用于赋予接枝丙烯酸聚合物水分散性的基团的乙烯属不饱和单体，或带有向上述丙烯酸聚合物引入这些基团的部位的反应性基团的乙烯属不饱和单体之外，使用一种或多种其它乙烯属不饱和单体来形成本发明的第一和第二丙烯酸。这类用于与丙烯酸单体共聚合的单体是本技术领域已知的。它们包括C3-C5α，β-烯属不饱和一羧酸的酯、腈或酰胺；C4-C6α，β-烯属不饱和二羧酸的二酯；乙烯基酯，乙烯基醚，乙烯基酮，乙烯基酰胺，以及芳族和杂环的乙烯基化合物。代表例包括丙烯酸和甲基丙烯酸酰胺和氨烷基酰胺；丙烯腈和甲基丙烯腈；丙烯酸和甲基丙烯酸的酯，特别是与C1-C20不饱和脂族和环脂族醇形成的酯，例如丙烯酸和甲基丙烯酸的甲基、乙基、丙基、丁基、2-乙基己基、异丁基、异丙基、环己基、四氢呋喃基和异冰片基酯；具有羟基、异氰酸根合或其它官能团的丙烯酸或甲基丙烯酸酯，如丙烯酸和甲基丙烯酸羟烷基酯，丙烯酸或甲基丙烯酸的缩水甘油酯，例如丙烯酸缩水甘油酯，以及与(甲基)丙烯酸N，N-二甲基氨基乙酯类似的甲基丙烯酸或丙烯酸的氨基烷基酯；富马酸，马来酸和衣康酸二酯，如马来酸二甲酯和马来酸二己酯；乙酸乙烯酯，丙酸乙烯酯，乙烯基乙基醚，以及乙烯基乙基酮；苯乙烯，α-甲基苯乙烯，乙烯基甲苯和2-乙烯基吡咯烷酮。
可采用传统技术制备共聚物，例如自由基聚合、阳离子聚合或阴离子聚合，并例如以分批或半分批法进行。举例来说，对于分批法，聚合可通过本体或在有机溶液或水分散体中，在自由基源如有机过氧化物或偶氮化合物以及任选的链转移剂存在下进行；或者在半分批法中，也可将单体和引发剂以控制速率送入加热的反应器中。
典型的自由基源是有机过氧化物，如二烷基过氧化物，过氧酯，过氧二碳酸酯，二酰基过氧化物，过氧化氢和过氧缩酮；以及偶氮化合物，如2，2′-偶氮双(2-甲基丁腈)和1，1′-偶氮双(环己烷甲腈)。典型的链转移剂是硫醇，如辛基硫醇，正-或叔-十二烷基硫醇，硫代水杨酸，巯基乙酸，和巯基乙醇；卤代化合物，以及二聚α-甲基苯乙烯。
自由基聚合一般是在约20℃-约200℃、优选90℃-170℃的温度下进行。在溶剂或溶剂混合物回流温度进行反应比较合适，尽管反应不必回流。引发剂的选择应与进行反应的温度匹配，以便在反应温度下引发剂的半寿期最好应不高于三十分钟。
如果聚合反应中使用溶剂，则所用的溶剂最好是水或水溶性或水混溶性有溶剂(起助溶剂的作用)。助溶剂有助于分散组分和在组合物固化过程中帮助流动。有用的溶剂的例子有甲乙酮，甲基异丁基酮，二甲苯，乙酸正戊酯；以及助溶剂，如N-甲基吡咯烷酮和二醇醚(如，乙二醇丁醚，乙二醇丁醚乙酸酯，二甘醇丁醚，乙二醇2-乙基己醚，丙二醇甲醚，丙二醇甲醚乙酸酯，丙二醇丁醚，以及二丙二醇丁醚。
溶剂或溶剂混合物一般加热到反应温度，且用于制备第一丙烯酸聚合物或第二丙烯酸聚合物的引发剂在一段时间內(一般为2-6小时)以控制的速率加入。链转移剂或附加溶剂与单体和引发剂同时加入。混合物一般是在加入之后反应温度下保持一段时间以完成反应。任选地，在以后加入阶段或在加入完毕后加入附加引发剂，加入时间一般为1-60分钟，以确保转化完全。
第一和第二丙烯酸聚合物一般具有2000-20,000分子量，优选4000-6000。这里使用的分子量意指数均分子量，并可以采用凝胶渗透色谱法(GPC)，使用聚苯乙烯标准物进行测定。每当量氨基甲酸酯官能键的重量一般为200-1500，优选300-700。
本发明的接枝丙烯酸聚合物是通过使具有官能键(I)的第一丙烯酸聚合物和具有与第一丙烯酸聚合物的官能键(I)反应的官能键(II)的第二丙烯酸聚合物一起反应制备的。有许多对官能团可用于此目的。例如，如果官能键(I)是异氰酸酯基，那么官能键(II)可以是带有活性氢的基团，例如羟基或伯或仲氨基。另外，官能键(I)可以是酸或酸酐基，而官能键(II)可以是环氧基或羟基。在使第一和第二丙烯酸聚合物一起反应的另一方法中，官能键(I)可以是环氧基而官能键(II)可以是羧基、伯或仲氨基，或酚基。官能键(I)也可以是氨基甲酸酯键且官能键(II)也可以是例如羟甲基、甲氧基、异丁氧基或硅氧烷基。在一优选实施方案中，官能键(I)是环氧基且官能键(II)是羧酸基，在此情况下，特别优选赋予接枝丙烯酸聚合物水分散性的基团是在第二丙烯酸聚合物上的羧酸基。
本发明包括使第一和第二丙烯酸聚合物一起反应的多种方法。在一种方案中，在单独的反应器中形成第一和第二丙烯酸聚合物，然后混合，并在合适的条件下进行反应。在第二种且为优选方法中，先形成第一丙烯酸聚合物，然后在第一丙烯酸聚合物存在下聚合第二丙烯酸聚合物。聚合完毕之后，使聚合物混合物处于官能键(I)和(II)之间反应的条件，以便形成接枝丙烯酸聚合物。在另一预期方法中，在以前形成的第一丙烯酸聚合物存在下，第二丙烯酸聚合物再进行聚合，但在此情况下，官能键(I)和(II)之间的反应发生在第二丙烯酸聚合物的形成过程中。这种反应方案的结果是在同一步骤中形成第二丙烯酸聚合物和接枝丙烯酸聚合物。在每种情况下，选择其各自聚合物上官能键(I)和官能键(II)的量，以避免反应产物凝胶。避免凝胶的方法是限制官能键(I)和(II)之间反应程度，但通常优选限制其各自聚合物上一种或另一种官能键(I)和(II)的量。
操作人员很容易意识到官能键(I)和(II)的多种基团组合将起到使第一和第二丙烯酸反应生成接枝丙烯酸聚合物的作用。尽管反应条件可以变化，但这样的条件可以很容易地由本领域专业人员根据经验或直接试验而获知。使用例如本领域已知的催化剂可能也有用，例如在异氰酸酯基与醇基反应中使用锡催化剂，或使用三苯膦或胺催化环氧基与羧酸基的反应。
本发明的涂料组合物，含有接枝丙烯酸聚合物的水分散体。在实施本发明的一种方法中，第一和第二丙烯酸聚合物的制备是采用乳液聚合，并且在水性介质中进行形成接枝丙烯酸聚合物的反应。另外，也可以在有机介质中形成第一和第二丙烯酸聚合物，然后一起反应生成接枝丙烯酸聚合物。之后，向接枝丙烯酸聚合物中加入足够量的去离子水以形成水分散体。在另一方法中，在有机介质中聚合第一和第二丙烯酸聚合物。然后，形成的丙烯酸聚合物通过加入足够量的去离子水形成分散体而被乳化。之后，在水分散体中进行形成接枝丙烯酸聚合物的反应。在形成丙烯酸聚合物的水分散体中，通过用合适的抗衡离子来盐化形成阴离子或阳离子基团。 丙烯酸上的阴离子基团可以用氨或胺(如，二丁胺，二甲基乙醇胺，或N-乙基吗啉)盐化。丙烯酸上的阳离子基团可以用羧酸(如，甲酸，乙酸，或乳酸)盐化。
本发明组合物的固化是利用氨基甲酸酯官能的接枝丙烯酸聚合物(a)与具有多个能与组分(a)上的氨基甲酸酯基反应的官能团的组分(b)反应。这样的官能团包括在氨基塑料树脂或其它化合物如苯酚/甲醛加合物上的活性羟甲基或烷氧基；保护的异氰酸酯基；或硅氧烷基。(b)化合物的例子包括固化剂或交联剂，如蜜胺甲醛树脂(包括单体的或聚合的蜜胺树脂和部分或全部烷基化的蜜胺树脂)，脲树脂(例如，羟甲基脲如脲甲醛树脂，烷氧基脲如丁基化脲甲醛树脂)，聚酐(如，聚琥珀酸酐)，N-羟甲基丙烯酰胺乳液，异丁氧基甲基丙烯酰胺乳液，以及聚硅氧烷(如，三甲氧基硅氧烷)。特别优选氨基塑料树脂如蜜胺甲醛树脂或脲甲醛树脂。
固化剂或交联剂(b)以足以产生完全固化的耐溶剂膜的量使用。例如，当使用优选的蜜胺固化剂时，以(a)和(b)组分的总量计，其用量共3-30wt％。
用于实施本发明的涂料组合物也可包括一种催化剂以增强固化反应。例如，当氨基塑料化合物、特别是单体蜜胺用作组分(b)时，可使用一种强酸催化剂，以降低充分固化所需的温度或时间。这样的催化剂是本领域公知的，包括例如对甲苯磺酸，二壬基萘二磺酸，十二烷基苯磺酸，磷酸苯酯，马来酸一丁酯，磷酸丁酯，以及羟基磷酸酯。这些催化剂可以例如用胺保护，或者它们可以是未保护的。可用于本发明组合物的其它催化剂包括Lewis酸，锌盐，以及锡盐，如二月桂酸二丁锡或氧化二丁锡。
在制备涂料组合物过程中可以加入附加水和/或助溶剂。在本发明一优选方案中，水和有机溶剂，包括任何助溶剂以约0.01-约99wt.％、优选约40-约90wt.％，更优选约50-约70wt.％的量存在于涂料组合物中。
涂料专家公知的其它材料，例如表面活性剂、填料、稳定剂、湿润剂、分散剂、粘接促进剂、UV吸收剂、光稳定剂(如HALS)、抗氧化剂和流变控制剂可掺入涂料组合物。这些物质的量必须加以控制，以避免不利地影响涂料特性。
本发明的涂料组合物最好构成最外层或涂覆的基材上的涂层。最好，本发明的涂料组合物涂覆在底涂层的一层或多层上。例如，本发明的涂料组合物可用作汽车面漆，涂覆在电沉积底层和/或表面层上。
当本发明涂料组合物用作面漆涂料时，它们最好具有按照ASTMD523-89测定的20°光泽度为至少80或按照ASTM E430-91测定的DOI为至少80，或这二者。这样的光泽度和DOI特别适用于提供引起汽车买主兴趣的汽车面漆。面漆涂层可以是加颜料的彩色层或者可以是彩色面漆加清漆罩光(colour-plus-clear)的复合层。本发明的涂料组合物如果用作一种加颜料的涂层或者彩色面漆加清漆罩光的复合层的彩色涂层，将包括一种或多种本领域已知的颜料，例如二氧化钛、炭黑和氧化铁颜料之类的无机颜料，或者偶氮红、喹吖啶酮、苝、酞菁酮、咔唑紫、一芳基化物和二芳基化物黄、萘酚橙等等之类的有机颜料，在一优选实施方案中，本发明的涂料组合物是彩色面漆加清漆罩光的复合层的透明涂层。透明涂层可以涂覆到本发明彩色涂层之上，也可以涂覆到本技术领域已知配方的彩色涂层之上。
用于这样的复合涂层的加颜料彩色涂层或底涂层组合物是本领域公知的，在此不做详细说明。本技术领域用于底涂层组合物已知的聚合物包括丙烯酸类、乙烯基类、聚氨酯类、聚碳酸酯类、聚酯类、醇酸树脂类和聚硅氧烷类。优选的聚合物包括丙烯酸类和聚氨酯类。在本发明的一个优选方案中，底涂层组合物还利用了一种氨基甲酸酯官能的丙烯酸聚合物。底涂层聚合物最好是能交联，因此包括一种或多种可交联的官能团。这类基团包括例如羟基、异氰酸酯、胺、环氧、丙烯酸酯、乙烯基、硅烷和乙酰乙酸酯基团。这些基团可以被以此方式掩蔽或保护，以便它们可脱保护，用于在所需固化条件下，一般在升温下进行交联反应。有用的可交联官能团包括羟基、环氧基、酸酐、硅烷和乙酰乙酸酯基团。优选的可交联官能团包括羟基官能团和氨基官能团。
底涂层聚合物可以是自交联的或可能需要与聚合物的官能团反应的单独交联剂。当聚合物包括羟基官能团时，举例来说，交联剂可以是氨基塑料树脂、聚异氰酸酯和保护的聚异氰酸酯树脂(包括异氰脲酸酯，缩二脲，或二异氰酸酯和20个碳原子以下的多醇的反应产物)，以及酸或酸酐官能的交联剂。
涂料组合物可采用本领域公知的多种技术的任意一种涂覆到制品上。这些技术包括例如喷涂、浸涂、辊涂、帘涂等等。对于车身板，优选喷涂。当涂层较厚时，它们通常以两层或多层单独的涂层，以足以使一些水和/或溶剂从涂覆的涂层蒸发掉(“闪干”)的时间涂覆。如此涂覆的涂层一般为1-3密耳涂料组合物，且涂覆足够的涂层数以得到所需最终层厚。
在准备的基材上涂覆彩色面漆加清漆罩光复合涂层的情况下，彩色涂层通常以一层或两层涂覆，然后闪干，之后将清漆层以一层或两层涂到未固化的彩色涂层上。然后，将两种涂层同时固化。最好，固化的底涂层为0.5-1.5密耳厚，固化的清漆涂层为1-3密尔，更优选1.6-2.2密耳厚。
本文所述的涂料组合物最好进行条件化处理，以使涂层固化。虽然可以采用各种固化方法，但优选热固化。一般来说，热固化是通过把涂覆的制品暴露在基本上由辐射热源提供的高温下而进行的。固化温度的变化取决于用于交联剂的具体保护基团，不过它们一般在93℃-177℃之间。在一优选方案中，固化温度为135℃-165℃。在另一优选方案中，保护的酸催化剂包括在组合物中，固化温度为115℃-140℃。在一不同的优选方案中，未保护的酸催化剂包括在组合物中，固化温度为80℃-100℃。固化时间的变化取决于所用的具体组分和物理参数，例如层厚。在目地温度下，典型固化时间为15-60分钟，优选15-25分钟。
以下用实施例进一步说明本发明。
制备I：氨基甲酸酯官能的接枝丙烯酸
三颈5升圆底烧瓶在中颈配有搅拌器，在边颈之一配有热电偶以监测反应温度。通过该颈还装入氮清洗管。第二边颈配有克莱森接管和水冷冷凝器。
将213.3g丙二醇甲醚和240.0g二甘醇丁醚的混合物装入烧瓶并加热到110℃。25.9g甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯、177.6g丙烯酸正丁酯、413.4g甲基丙烯酸正丁酯、413.4g甲基丙烯酸环己酯、122.6g苯乙烯和188.5g过氧2-乙基己酸叔丁酯的单体混合物I在单独的加料罐中混合，然后在恒温下，用3小时时间加到烧瓶中。738.2g氨基甲酸酯甲基丙烯酸丙酯(96％)、738.2g丙二醇甲醚和0.19g4-甲氧基苯酚的单独的单体混合物II用3小时的时间同时加入。加入完毕，加料管用总共31.6g丙二醇甲醚清洗，再将它加到烧瓶中。清洗之后，将18.6g过氧2-乙基己酸叔丁酯和13.2g丙二醇甲醚的混合物加到烧瓶中历时30分钟。然后，在108℃恒温下，将烧瓶內容物保温30分钟。
将9.9g丙烯酸正丁基酯、22.4g甲基丙烯酸正丁酯、22.4g甲基丙烯酸环己酯、6.7g苯乙烯、47.7g丙烯酸和5.1g过氧2-乙基己酸叔丁酯的单体混合物III在加料罐中混合，然后在恒温下用1小时的时间加入烧瓶中。将40.4g氨基甲酸酯甲基丙烯酸丙酯(96％)、40.4g丙二醇甲醚和0.01g4-甲氧基苯酚用1小时的时间同时加入。加料完毕后，加料罐用总共31.6g丙二醇甲醚清洗，然后将它加到烧瓶中。接着，将2.5g过氧2-乙基己酸叔丁酯和30.6g丙二醇甲醚加到烧瓶中历时30分钟。在恒温下，将烧瓶內容物再维持30分钟。最后，将0.4g三苯膦和11.1g丙二醇甲醚加到烧瓶中，保温，直至理论上消耗掉全部环氧官能键代表的酸值。
将烧瓶內容物冷却到88℃，并搅拌入41.9g二甲基乙醇胺、24.5gTinuvin123和43.2g Tinuvin384B。将所得混合物转移到塑料桶中。搅拌下加入去离子水，直至获得非挥发物含量为43.3％的分散体。
制备II：羟基官能的接枝丙烯酸
三颈5升圆底烧瓶在中颈配有搅拌器，在边颈之一配有热电偶以监测反应温度。通过该颈还装入氮清洗管。第二边颈配有克莱森接管和水冷冷凝器。
将213.3g丙二醇甲醚和240.0g二甘醇丁醚的混合物装入烧瓶并加热到110℃。25.9g甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯、177.6g丙烯酸正丁酯、413.4g甲基丙烯酸正丁酯、413.4g甲基丙烯酸环己酯、122.6g苯乙烯439.2g丙烯酸羟丙酯、188.5g过氧2-乙基己酸叔丁酯和153.9g丙二醇甲醚的单体混合物I在单独的加料罐中混合，然后在恒温下，用3小时时间加到烧瓶中。加入完毕，加料管用20.1g丙二醇甲醚清洗，再将它加到烧瓶中。清洗之后，将18.6g过氧2-乙基己酸叔丁酯和13.2g丙二醇甲醚的混合物加到烧瓶中历时30分钟。然后，在108℃恒温下，将烧瓶內容物保温30分钟。
将9.9g丙烯酸正丁基锂、22.4g甲基丙烯酸正丁酯、22.4g甲基丙烯酸环己酯、6.7g苯乙烯、47.7g丙烯酸和5.1g过氧2-乙基己酸叔丁酯的单体混合物II在加料罐中混合，然后在恒温下用1小时的时间加入烧瓶中。加料罐用51.1g丙二醇甲醚清洗，然后将它加到烧瓶中。接着，将2.5g过氧2-乙基己酸叔丁酯和30.6g丙二醇甲醚加到烧瓶中历时30分钟。在恒温下，将烧瓶内容物再维持30分钟。最后，将0.4g三苯膦和11.1g丙二醇甲醚加到烧瓶中，保温，直至理论上消耗掉全部环氧官能键代表的酸值。
将烧瓶内容物冷却到88℃，并搅拌入41.9g二甲基乙醇胺、24.5gTinuvin123和43.2g Tinuvin384B。将所得混合物转移到塑料桶中。搅拌下加入去离子水，直至获得非挥发物含量为39.4％的分散体。
实施例1：水性透明涂料组合物
按顺序混合以下物质制备透明涂料组合物：
355.4g氨基甲酸酯官能的接枝丙烯酸(制备I)
21.4g Cymel327(取自American Cyanamid的高氨基甲基化蜜胺)
14.4g Silwet7602(硅氧烷流平剂，10％于乙二醇丁醚中，取自Union Carbide，Danbury，CT)
9.0gTegoflow425(流动和流平剂，25％于乙二醇丁醚中，取自Tego Chemie Service USA，Hopewekll，VA)
实施例2：水性透明涂料组合物
按顺序混合以下物质制备透明涂料组合物：
375g氨基甲酸酯官能的接枝丙烯酸(制备I)
18.2g六甲氧基甲基化蜜胺
4.0g Silwet7602(硅氧烷流平剂，10％于乙二醇丁醚中，取自Union Carbide，Danbury，CT)
3.0g Tegoflow425(流动和流平剂，25％于乙二醇丁醚中，取自Tego Chemie Service USA，Hopewell，VA)
5.4g NacureXP267(保护的酸催化剂溶液，取自KingIndustries)
72.5g去离子水
比较例A：水性透明涂料组合物
按顺序混合以下物质制备透明涂料组合物：
282.9g羟基官能的接枝丙烯酸(制备II)
24.4g Cymel327(高氨基甲基化蜜胺，取自AmericanCyanamid)
21.4g Silwet7602(硅氧烷流平剂，10％于乙二醇丁醚中，取自Union Carbide，Danbury，CT)
14.4g Tegoflow425(流动和流平剂，25％于乙二醇丁醚中，取自Tego Chemie Service USA，Hopewell，VA)
40.0g丁基卡必醇
比较例B：水性透明涂料组合物
按顺序混合以下物质制备透明涂料组合物：
155.4g氨基甲酸酯官能的接枝丙烯酸(制备I)
83.2g六甲氧基甲基化蜜胺
16.0g Silwet7602(硅氧烷流平剂，10％于乙二醇丁醚中，取自Union Carbide，Danbury，CT)
12.0g Tegoflow425(流动和流平剂，25％于乙二醇丁醚中，取自Tego Chemie Service USA，Hopewell，VA)
20.6g NacureXP267(保护的酸催化剂溶液，取自KingIndustries)
45.0g丁基卡必醇
276g去离子水
在预先喷涂了高固体黑色丙烯酸加颜料底涂层并闪干10分钟的钢板上，将实施例1和2和对比例A和B的涂料组合物喷涂两层涂层。在120°F烘箱中对清漆涂覆的钢板进行10分钟闪干。在45分钟內将烘箱温度升到下表所示的烘干温度，在此温度下，将钢板固化20分钟。
成膜：底涂层0.8-1.0密耳(20.3-25.4微米)
清漆涂层1.4-1.8密耳(35.6-45.7微米)
对涂覆的钢板进行16星期苛刻的老化条件处理(Jacksonville，FL)，结果示于下表。数字代表腐蚀等级，其中1为未见腐蚀，10为严重腐蚀。
实施例 138℃固化 149℃固化
实施例1 6 5
实施例2 8 5
比较例A 10+ 10+
比较例B 10 10
本发明已参考其优选实施方案详细地做了说明。但应理解，在本发明的精神实质和范围內可以做出变型和改进。
Claims (19)
1.一种水性可固化的涂料组合物，其特征在于包括：
(a)一种包括(i)和(ii)的反应产物的氨基甲酸酯官能的接枝丙烯酸聚合物：
(i)上面具有官能键(I)的第一丙烯酸聚合物；
(ii)上面具有能与第一丙烯酸聚合物的官能键(I)反应的官能键(II)的第二丙烯酸聚合物，其中：
第一和第二丙烯酸聚合物的至少一种上面具有赋予接枝丙烯酸聚合物水分散性的基团，以及
第一和第二丙烯酸聚合物的至少一种上面具有氨基甲酸酯官能键；以及
(b)一种具有多个与氨基甲酸酸官能键反应的官能团的化合物。
2.按照权利要求1所述的涂料组合物，其特征在于赋予接枝丙烯酸聚合物水分散性的基团是阴离子或非离子基团。
3.按照权利要求2所述的涂料组合物，其特征在于赋予接枝丙烯酸聚合物水分散性的基团是羧酸基。
4.按照权利要求1所述的涂料组合物，其特征在于赋予接枝丙烯酸聚合物水分散性的基团是在第二丙烯酸聚合物上。
5.按照权利要求4所述的涂料组合物，其特征在于官能键(I)是环氧官能键，官能键(II)和赋予水分散性的基团都是羧酸基。
6.按照权利要求1，2，3，4或5所述的涂料组合物，其特征在于赋予接枝丙烯酸聚合物水分散性的基团都是在第一和第二丙烯酸聚合物上。
7.按照权利要求1，2，3，4或5所述的涂料组合物，其特征在于其中氨基甲酸酯官能键包括以下结构：
-L-O-C(＝O)-NHR，其中
L代表二价连接基，以及
R代表H，烷基或环烷基。
8.按照权利要求7所述的涂料组合物，其特征在于R是氢，C1-C6烷基，具有6环碳原子的环烷基。
9.按照权利要求7所述的涂料组合物，其特征在于L具有以下结构式
-COO-L1-其中L1是二价连接基。
10.按照权利要求1，2，3，4或5所述的涂料组合物，其特征在于组分(b)具有选自硅氧烷、保护的异氰酸酯、烷氧基和羟甲基的官能团。
11.按照权利要求1，2，3，4或5所述的涂料组合物，组分(b)是氨基塑料树脂。
12.按照权利要求11所述的涂料组合物，其特征在于氨基塑料树脂是蜜胺甲醛树脂。
13.按照权利要求1，2，3，4或5所述的涂料组合物，其特征在于氨基甲酸酯官能的接枝丙烯酸聚合物是按照包括在第一丙烯酸聚合物存在下聚合第二丙烯酸聚合物的方法制备的。
14.按照权利要求1，2，3，4或5所述的水性可固化涂料组合物得到的面漆涂层。
15.按照权利要求14所述的面漆涂层，它是复合彩色面漆加清漆罩光层。
16.一种在基材上生产耐环境腐蚀涂层的方法，包括以下步骤：向基材上涂覆着色涂料组合物，在着色的涂料组合物上涂覆水性透明涂料组合物，然后固化复合涂层；其中水性透明涂料组合物是按照权利要求1，2，3，4或5的可固化涂料组合物。
17.按照权利要求16所述的方法，其特征在于赋予水分散性的基团是在第二丙烯酸聚合物上，其中氨基甲酸酯官能键是在第一和第二丙烯酸聚合物上。
18.按照权利要求16所述的方法，其特征在于赋予水分散性的基团是在第二丙烯酸聚合物上，其中氨基甲酸官能键是在第二丙烯酸聚合物上。
19.具有由权利要求1，2，3，4或5的涂料组合物形成的可固化涂层的涂覆的基材。
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US513,587 | 1995-08-10 | ||
| US08/513,587 US5726244A (en) | 1995-08-10 | 1995-08-10 | Aqueous coating compositions for environmental etch resistant coatings |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN1148612A true CN1148612A (zh) | 1997-04-30 |
| CN1070901C CN1070901C (zh) | 2001-09-12 |
Family
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN96109431A Expired - Fee Related CN1070901C (zh) | 1995-08-10 | 1996-08-09 | 用于耐环境腐蚀涂层的水性涂料组合物 |
Country Status (11)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (2) | US5726244A (zh) |
| EP (1) | EP0761695B1 (zh) |
| JP (1) | JP3973718B2 (zh) |
| KR (1) | KR100423271B1 (zh) |
| CN (1) | CN1070901C (zh) |
| AU (1) | AU703033B2 (zh) |
| BR (1) | BR9603381A (zh) |
| CA (1) | CA2182901A1 (zh) |
| DE (1) | DE69610805T2 (zh) |
| ES (1) | ES2153523T3 (zh) |
| MX (1) | MX195942B (zh) |
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-
1995
- 1995-08-10 US US08/513,587 patent/US5726244A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1996
- 1996-08-02 DE DE1996610805 patent/DE69610805T2/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1996-08-02 ES ES96112504T patent/ES2153523T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1996-08-02 EP EP19960112504 patent/EP0761695B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1996-08-06 MX MX9603233A patent/MX195942B/es unknown
- 1996-08-07 CA CA 2182901 patent/CA2182901A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 1996-08-08 AU AU61987/96A patent/AU703033B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1996-08-09 KR KR1019960033136A patent/KR100423271B1/ko not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1996-08-09 CN CN96109431A patent/CN1070901C/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1996-08-12 JP JP21289196A patent/JP3973718B2/ja not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1996-08-12 BR BR9603381A patent/BR9603381A/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101679796B (zh) * | 2007-06-20 | 2013-06-19 | 巴斯夫欧洲公司 | 向金属表面施用防腐蚀涂层的方法 |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| EP0761695B1 (en) | 2000-11-02 |
| EP0761695A2 (en) | 1997-03-12 |
| ES2153523T3 (es) | 2001-03-01 |
| CA2182901A1 (en) | 1997-02-11 |
| KR970010906A (ko) | 1997-03-27 |
| CN1070901C (zh) | 2001-09-12 |
| JP3973718B2 (ja) | 2007-09-12 |
| MX195942B (es) | 2000-04-10 |
| AU6198796A (en) | 1997-02-13 |
| DE69610805T2 (de) | 2001-04-12 |
| DE69610805D1 (de) | 2000-12-07 |
| AU703033B2 (en) | 1999-03-11 |
| EP0761695A3 (en) | 1997-07-09 |
| KR100423271B1 (ko) | 2004-07-12 |
| US6040062A (en) | 2000-03-21 |
| MX9603233A (es) | 1997-07-31 |
| US5726244A (en) | 1998-03-10 |
| BR9603381A (pt) | 1998-05-12 |
| JPH09221578A (ja) | 1997-08-26 |
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