CN114856563A - Dead-weight ore-falling mining method for deep-hole pre-cracked ore in downward stage of broken ore rock - Google Patents
Dead-weight ore-falling mining method for deep-hole pre-cracked ore in downward stage of broken ore rock Download PDFInfo
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- CN114856563A CN114856563A CN202210621666.3A CN202210621666A CN114856563A CN 114856563 A CN114856563 A CN 114856563A CN 202210621666 A CN202210621666 A CN 202210621666A CN 114856563 A CN114856563 A CN 114856563A
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21C—MINING OR QUARRYING
- E21C37/00—Other methods or devices for dislodging with or without loading
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21C—MINING OR QUARRYING
- E21C41/00—Methods of underground or surface mining; Layouts therefor
- E21C41/16—Methods of underground mining; Layouts therefor
- E21C41/22—Methods of underground mining; Layouts therefor for ores, e.g. mining placers
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21F—SAFETY DEVICES, TRANSPORT, FILLING-UP, RESCUE, VENTILATION, OR DRAINING IN OR OF MINES OR TUNNELS
- E21F13/00—Transport specially adapted to underground conditions
- E21F13/04—Transport of mined material in gravity inclines; in staple or inclined shafts
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21F—SAFETY DEVICES, TRANSPORT, FILLING-UP, RESCUE, VENTILATION, OR DRAINING IN OR OF MINES OR TUNNELS
- E21F17/00—Methods or devices for use in mines or tunnels, not covered elsewhere
Abstract
A mining method for deep-hole presplitting ore by self-weight ore falling in the downward stage of broken ore rock includes such steps as constructing extravenal conveying tunnel and drawing tunnel at the bottom of stope, digging ore-drawing vein to make it pass through as ore-drawing channel, using the drawing tunnel at the bottom of stope as compensation space, constructing artificial extravenal raise in the peripheral rock of footwall of stope, constructing rock-drilling tunnel to make two extravenal raise form complete rock-drilling space and ventilation loop, constructing downward deep hole, increasing the presplitting of ore, naturally falling broken ore by self-gravity, loading proper dosage in the deep hole in downward stage, blasting, vibrating ore to a certain extent to make it fall down through ore-drawing channel, discharging part of falling ore to ensure enough compensation space, and protecting the rest ore in stope, the ore dilution increase caused by the collapse of the upper plate is prevented, the ore in the stope is uniformly discharged at one time after the stope is stoped, and the ore dilution device has the advantages of being capable of efficiently recycling broken ore, simple, convenient, feasible, safe, reliable and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of metal mines, in particular to a dead-weight ore-breaking mining method for deep-hole pre-cracked ores in a downward stage of broken ore rocks.
Background
In the process of mining and utilizing mine resources, due to the limitation of the existing mining method, an ore body with a broken ore body and surrounding rocks cannot be mined or cannot be mined under a safe condition, so that ore resource loss is large, the part of ores are recycled, the economic benefit of a mine is increased, the service life of the mine is prolonged, and the method is one of the key points of mining technology work. At present, the method for recovering broken ore rocks mainly utilizes a shallow hole rock drilling blasting mode to carry out top-lifting recovery on a mining area, obviously has the problems or defects of high labor intensity, low efficiency, poor safety (safety accidents of multiple broken ore recovery in the industry in recent years) and the like, and obviously, along with the development of the manufacturing level of mining machinery, rock drilling blasting equipment which is safe, efficient and applicable to complex conditions has made great progress. The novel mining method is researched by advanced equipment, the original mining method is reserved on the top and bottom pillars for safe and efficient mining, mine resources are recovered to the maximum extent, and the method becomes a key problem in the current mine mining technology research.
In order to solve the problems, CN 102635356A discloses a method for mining a steeply inclined thin-vein multi-blasting free-face medium-length hole, which is mainly suitable for mining inclined-steeply inclined thin ore bodies with regular ore bodies, more stable ore rocks, large required production capacity and high efficiency, and has poor applicability to steeply inclined thin ore bodies with broken upper and lower trays and ore bodies; CN 107829739A discloses a mining method for a steeply inclined thin vein, which mainly adopts a shallow hole ore falling mode, if the upper and lower trays and the ore body of the steeply inclined ore body are broken, the shallow hole ore falling mode is adopted, operators need to enter a stope for operation and operate in an exposed space for a long time, and obviously, the safety is poor; CN 111042818A discloses a method for mining tungsten ore bodies with unstable surrounding rocks and steeply inclined thin veins, which uses a mining preparation cutting engineering structure adopted by a static state shrinkage method, and is carried out in a mode of layering and advancing from bottom to top, wherein the layering height is 1.6-2.2 m, a shallow hole ore dropping mode is adopted, if the occurrence conditions of the ore bodies and the surrounding rocks are poor, operators need to enter a stope for operation, and obviously, the safety is poor when the operators operate in an exposed space for a long time; CN112727463A discloses a mechanized filling mining method for steeply inclined thin veins under the condition of a weak rock stratum, which adopts a preparation mode of slope development, sectional transportation roadway connection and ore removal from a drop shaft to stope ore bodies layer by layer from bottom to top; adopting a single-head tunneling mode to complete bottom-drawing route stoping, and taking a goaf formed by the bottom-drawing route as a free surface to downwards press a mined ore body; brushing expanded lower-disc waste stones and non-cemented filling bodies to form a priming layer, and pouring high-strength cemented filling bodies to form a cementing surface layer; the invention is assisted by a drill jumbo to efficiently drill rock, quickly support the spray anchor jumbo and intensively remove ore by a scraper, has high mechanical strength and can reduce the personal labor intensity, but the rock drilling and ore removal are carried out in exposed space of a stope due to the fact that ore rock is broken and the support cost is high, and the safety is poor.
In summary, the prior art is not suitable for mining steeply inclined thin ore bodies under the condition of crushing ore rocks.
Therefore, the development of a deep-hole pre-splitting ore self-gravity ore-falling mining method aiming at the downward stage of the broken ore rock with the sharp-inclined thin ore body of the broken ore rock is particularly urgent.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art, and provides a deep-hole pre-splitting ore self-gravity ore-falling mining method in a downward stage of a broken ore rock aiming at a steep thin ore body of the broken ore rock, which can efficiently recover the broken ore, improve the economic benefit of a mine and prolong the service life of the mine, and is simple, convenient, easy, safe and reliable.
The task of the invention is completed by the following technical scheme:
a self-weight ore-falling mining method for the deep-hole pre-cracked ore in the downward stage of broken ore rock includes such steps as using broken ore body as object to be mined, constructing the extravenal conveying and drawing tunnels at the bottom of mining field, digging the ore-out vein to pass through them to form ore-out channel, using the drawing tunnel at the bottom of mining field as compensation space, constructing the extranal raise of human vein in the surrounding rock of mining field, constructing the rock-drilling tunnel to form complete drilling space and ventilation loop, constructing downward deep hole, increasing the pre-cracking of ore, naturally caving broken ore by its own weight, loading proper dosage in the deep hole in downward stage, blasting and vibrating ore to a certain extent, and drawing ore from ore-out channel, one part of the collapsed ore is discharged every time to ensure that the ore falls down to have enough compensation space, the rest of the ore is left in the stope to play a role in protecting the hanging wall so as to prevent the hanging wall from collapsing to result in the dilution and increase of the ore, and the ore in the stope is uniformly discharged once after the stope is stoped, so that the ore can be safely and efficiently recovered.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages or effects:
(1) the method is simple and reliable in technology. The problems of high difficulty in recovering the crushed ore bodies of the upper and lower trays and the surrounding rocks, high ore loss rate and poor safety are thoroughly solved, the ore is safely and efficiently recovered, and the economic benefit of the mine is greatly improved.
(2) Is safe and efficient. The method is safe and efficient in various links such as mining-preparation tunneling, rock drilling and blasting, later-stage ore removal and the like, and can improve the ore recovery rate and prevent safety risks to the maximum extent.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic front view of a stope layout of a deep-hole pre-splitting ore gravity-breaking mining method in a downward stage of a broken ore rock according to the invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic plan view of a stope layout of the method of fig. 1.
Fig. 3 is a schematic side view of a stope layout for the method of fig. 1.
Fig. 4 is a schematic top view of a blast hole arrangement of a stope arrangement of the method of fig. 1.
Fig. 5 is a schematic side view of a blast hole arrangement of a stope arrangement of the method of fig. 4.
In the drawings, the symbols represent:
1. an overboard pit 2, a top column 3, surrounding rocks 4, a rock drilling roadway 5, a connecting roadway 6, an ore body 7, a bottom drawing roadway 8, ore caving ores 9, ore removal vein-passing 10, an overboard transportation roadway 11, an anchor rod or an anchor cable 12 and blast holes
The description is described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Detailed Description
As shown in figures 1-5, the mining method of the invention is a deep hole pre-splitting ore self-weight ore falling mining method in the downward stage of broken ore rocks, aiming at the steeply inclined thin ore body of the broken ore rocks, which includes but is not limited to using the broken ore body (6) as a stoping object, constructing an extravenal transportation roadway (10) and a pull-bottom roadway (7) at the bottom of a stope, using a tunneling ore-out vein (9) to be penetrated as an ore-out channel, using the pull-bottom roadway (7) arranged at the bottom of the stope as a compensation space, constructing a pedestrian vein extraterrestrial well (1) in the extraterrestrial rock (3) of the stope, constructing a roadway (4) through a connecting channel (5) to form a complete rock drilling operation space and a ventilation rock drilling loop, constructing the downward stage deep hole, increasing the pre-splitting of the ore in advance, naturally breaking the ore by self gravity, and assisting the deep hole to be filled with proper dosage to collapse in the downward stage, blasting vibration is carried out on ores to a certain extent, the ores fall down, the ores after falling are discharged through a ore discharge channel, a part of the ore (8) which is to be caving is discharged at each time, so that sufficient compensation space is ensured for the falling of the ores, the rest ores are left in a stope to play a role in protecting an upper disc, so that the ore dilution is increased due to the collapse of the upper disc, the ores in the stope are uniformly discharged at one time after the stope is stoped, and the ores are safely and efficiently recovered.
The process of the invention may further be:
a top pillar (2) with a certain thickness is required to be reserved at the upper part of the stope to ensure that the project of the middle section of the upper part is not damaged; meanwhile, a rock drilling roadway (4) is constructed on the lower portion of the top column (2) through the connecting channel (5), meanwhile, anchor rods or anchor cables (11) and net supporting are conducted on the top of the rock drilling roadway (4) and the upper plate and the lower plate of an ore body, and meanwhile, the slurry spraying supporting can be conducted according to actual conditions on site to guarantee the safety of rock drilling operation.
The height of the stope is 40-60 m, and the length of the stope is 20-60 m.
The downward stage deep hole drilling and hole distributing mode is deep hole distributing and drilling, ore self-weight ore falling mode is adopted for ore falling, ore falling is achieved in a blasting vibration mode, ore falling is achieved locally, the blasting ore falling mode is achieved by blasting ore falling downwards for multiple times through hole-to-hole micro-difference, pre-cracking of ores and surrounding rocks can be increased in advance, blasting vibration can be reduced due to downward multiple blasting, and damage to surrounding rocks of upper and lower plates of an ore body (6) can be reduced.
The angle of the deep hole arrangement blast holes (12) in the downward stage is close to the angle of the inclination angle of the ore body (6).
The row spacing of the blast holes (12) arranged in the deep holes at the downward stage is 1.2-1.6 m, and the hole pitch of the blast holes (12) is the thickness of an ore body; the diameter of the blast hole (12) is 50-70 mm, the depth of the hole is generally 20-50 m, the blast hole (12) is protected from being damaged by a sleeve at proper time, and the unit consumption of explosive is generally not more than 0.5 kg/t.
The blast hole (12) is filled with bulk explosive or packaged explosive directly, and the micro-differential hole bottom reverse initiation is carried out by utilizing a micro-differential detonator.
And the inter-hole differential hole bottom reverse detonation takes the following square-edge roadway as a free surface, and the differential time is 25-50 milliseconds.
The stope ore removal mode is to adopt a remote control carry scraper so as to ensure the safety of operators and equipment.
Examples
A certain mining company in Henan runs a metal mine which takes gold as a main product, ore bodies at the middle section of the mine area 430, namely the ore bodies at the lines of 26-30, are crushed and slimed when meeting water, the structural belt is about 50m, the ore bodies are mined in the structural belt, the forming difficulty of a mining and cutting process is high, and the ore bodies need to be supported. The difficulty of ore block stoping is great, because the stability of the surrounding rock of the upper and lower walls and the ore body is poor, the conventional shrinkage method is adopted, along with the propulsion of the operation surface, the operation personnel operate in the exposed space for a long time, and the safety is difficult to guarantee.
The method of the invention is applied to take the broken ore body (6) as the extraction object, construct the transportation tunnel (10) and the drawing tunnel (7) outside the vein at the bottom of the stope, the mining drift (9) is tunneled to be used as the ore removal channel, the drawing tunnel (7) arranged at the bottom of the stope is used as the compensation space, the manway ventilation raise (1) is constructed outside the footwall vein of the stope, the rock drilling tunnel is constructed through the connecting channel (5) to form the complete rock drilling operation space and the ventilation loop, the deep hole in the construction downward stage increases the presplitting of the ore in advance, the broken ore naturally collapses through the self gravity, meanwhile, the blasting is assisted by filling proper dosage in the stage deep hole, the blasting vibration is carried out on the ore to a certain degree, the ore falls, the ore after falling is discharged through the ore removal channel, a part of the falling ore is discharged each time, and the enough compensation space is ensured when the ore falls, the rest ores are left in the stope to play a role in protecting the hanging wall, so that the hanging wall is prevented from caving to cause ore dilution and increase, and the ores in the stope are uniformly discharged at one time after stope recovery is finished. The problems of high ore recovery difficulty, high ore loss rate and poor safety of the upper and lower trays and the crushed ore bodies are thoroughly solved, the ore can be safely and efficiently recovered, and the economic benefit of the mine is greatly improved.
As described above, the present invention can be preferably realized. The above embodiments are only preferred embodiments of the present invention, but the embodiments of the present invention are not limited by the above embodiments, and other changes, modifications, substitutions, combinations, and simplifications which do not depart from the spirit and principle of the present invention should be regarded as equivalent replacements within the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. A mining method of self-weight ore falling in a deep hole pre-splitting manner in a downward stage of broken ore rocks aims at a steeply inclined thin ore body of the broken ore rocks, and comprises the steps of taking a broken ore body (6) as a stoping object, constructing an extravenal transportation roadway (10) and a pull-bottom roadway (7) at the bottom of a stope, tunneling an ore-out vein (9) to be communicated to be used as an ore-out channel, taking the pull-bottom roadway (7) arranged at the bottom of the stope as a compensation space, constructing a pedestrian vein extraterrestrial well (1) in a surrounding rock (3) of a stope, constructing a rock drilling roadway (4) through a connecting channel (5) to form a complete rock drilling operation space and a ventilation loop, increasing the pre-splitting of the ore in advance in the downward stage of construction, naturally caving the broken ore through self gravity, and assisting in loading a proper dosage in the deep hole in the downward stage for blasting, blasting vibration is carried out on ores to a certain extent, the ores fall down, the ores after falling are discharged through a ore discharge channel, a part of the ore (8) which is to be caving is discharged at each time, so that sufficient compensation space is ensured for the falling of the ores, the rest ores are left in a stope to play a role in protecting an upper disc, so that the ore dilution is increased due to the collapse of the upper disc, the ores in the stope are uniformly discharged at one time after the stope is stoped, and the ores are safely and efficiently recovered.
2. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the stope upper part is provided with a jack post (2) with a certain thickness to ensure that the project of the upper middle section is not damaged; meanwhile, a rock drilling roadway (4) is constructed on the lower portion of the top column (2) through the connecting channel (5), anchor rods or anchor cables (11) and a net support are carried out on the top of the rock drilling roadway (4) and the upper and lower plates of an ore body, and meanwhile, a guniting support can be constructed according to actual conditions on site, so that the safety of rock drilling operation is guaranteed.
3. The method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the stope height is 40-60 m and the stope length is 20-60 m.
4. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the deep hole drilling and hole distributing mode of the downward stage is deep hole distributing and hole drilling, ore falling is realized by ore self-weight ore falling, local ore is required to be fallen by blasting vibration, and the blasting ore falling mode is realized by blasting ore falling downwards for multiple times by using micro-difference between holes, so that the pre-cracking of the ore and the surrounding rock can be increased in advance, and the blasting vibration can be reduced by blasting downwards for multiple times, so that the damage to the surrounding rocks of the upper and lower discs of the ore body (6) can be reduced.
5. A method according to claim 1, characterized in that the angle of the deep hole arrangement blastholes (12) in the downward stage is similar to the angle of the inclination of the ore body (6).
6. The method as claimed in claim 5, wherein the row spacing of the deep-hole arrangement blast holes (12) in the downward stage is 1.2-1.6 m, and the hole spacing of the blast holes (12) is the thickness of the ore body; the diameter of the blast hole (12) is 50-70 mm, the depth of the hole is generally 20-50 m, the blast hole (12) is protected from being damaged by a sleeve at proper time, and the unit consumption of explosive is generally not more than 0.5 kg/t.
7. A method according to claim 6, characterized in that the blasthole (12) is charged with direct bulk explosive or with bulk explosive, with an interpore differential bottom-of-hole reverse initiation using a differential detonator.
8. The method of claim 7, wherein the interpore differential bottom-of-hole reverse initiation is free face with a below-the-vein roadway with differential time of 25-50 milliseconds.
9. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the stope removal mode is performed by using a remote scraper to ensure safety of operators and equipment.
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN115680663A (en) * | 2023-01-03 | 2023-02-03 | 矿冶科技集团有限公司 | Mining method for steeply-inclined broken ore body |
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