CN114855033A - High-elongation aluminum alloy and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
High-elongation aluminum alloy and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 111
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title abstract description 12
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 43
- 238000007670 refining Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 39
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 229910052712 strontium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- CIOAGBVUUVVLOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N strontium atom Chemical compound [Sr] CIOAGBVUUVVLOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 238000004512 die casting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- WMOHXRDWCVHXGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N [La].[Ce] Chemical compound [La].[Ce] WMOHXRDWCVHXGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 claims description 60
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 31
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 claims description 27
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 claims description 27
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 24
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 24
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000007872 degassing Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- WCUXLLCKKVVCTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[K+] WCUXLLCKKVVCTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 9
- CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Carbonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 8
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000001103 potassium chloride Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052684 Cerium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052790 beryllium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- ATBAMAFKBVZNFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N beryllium atom Chemical compound [Be] ATBAMAFKBVZNFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- WUKWITHWXAAZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium difluoride Chemical compound [F-].[F-].[Ca+2] WUKWITHWXAAZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910001634 calcium fluoride Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910001610 cryolite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- IOXPXHVBWFDRGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N hept-6-enal Chemical compound C=CCCCCC=O IOXPXHVBWFDRGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052746 lanthanum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- FZLIPJUXYLNCLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N lanthanum atom Chemical compound [La] FZLIPJUXYLNCLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000011164 potassium chloride Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910000029 sodium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- GWXLDORMOJMVQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N cerium Chemical compound [Ce] GWXLDORMOJMVQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 abstract description 28
- 229910052761 rare earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 19
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 10
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical group 0.000 abstract description 8
- 230000009931 harmful effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 7
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 6
- 150000002910 rare earth metals Chemical class 0.000 abstract description 6
- 229910015372 FeAl Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000005728 strengthening Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 229910000765 intermetallic Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000005496 eutectics Effects 0.000 description 10
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 8
- 229910018619 Si-Fe Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 229910008289 Si—Fe Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000001502 supplementing effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- ZMIGMASIKSOYAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N cerium Chemical compound [Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce] ZMIGMASIKSOYAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000001953 recrystallisation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000010183 spectrum analysis Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910000851 Alloy steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium carbonate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]C([O-])=O VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910016583 MnAl Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- -1 lanthanum-cerium rare earth Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 2
- VWDWKYIASSYTQR-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium nitrate Chemical compound [Na+].[O-][N+]([O-])=O VWDWKYIASSYTQR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000002195 synergetic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- JIAARYAFYJHUJI-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc dichloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Zn+2] JIAARYAFYJHUJI-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- IRPGOXJVTQTAAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2,3,3,3-pentafluoropropanal Chemical compound FC(F)(F)C(F)(F)C=O IRPGOXJVTQTAAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KLZUFWVZNOTSEM-UHFFFAOYSA-K Aluminum fluoride Inorganic materials F[Al](F)F KLZUFWVZNOTSEM-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 229910000519 Ferrosilicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Sulfate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004220 aggregation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002776 aggregation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005275 alloying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910000019 calcium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003610 charcoal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004880 explosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000035553 feeding performance Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007667 floating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009863 impact test Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002401 inhibitory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- UHZYTMXLRWXGPK-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphorus pentachloride Chemical compound ClP(Cl)(Cl)(Cl)Cl UHZYTMXLRWXGPK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000010344 sodium nitrate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000004317 sodium nitrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052938 sodium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000011152 sodium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- JBQYATWDVHIOAR-UHFFFAOYSA-N tellanylidenegermanium Chemical compound [Te]=[Ge] JBQYATWDVHIOAR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011592 zinc chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000005074 zinc chloride Nutrition 0.000 description 1
Images
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C21/00—Alloys based on aluminium
- C22C21/02—Alloys based on aluminium with silicon as the next major constituent
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
- C22C1/02—Making non-ferrous alloys by melting
- C22C1/026—Alloys based on aluminium
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
- C22C1/06—Making non-ferrous alloys with the use of special agents for refining or deoxidising
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Manufacture And Refinement Of Metals (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of aluminum alloy materials, and discloses a high-elongation aluminum alloy and a preparation method thereof, wherein the high-elongation aluminum alloy comprises the following raw materials in percentage by mass: 6 to 8 percent of silicon, 0.15 to 0.3 percent of magnesium, 0.4 to 1 percent of manganese, less than or equal to 0.15 percent of iron, 0.01 to 0.03 percent of strontium, 0.1 to 0.25 percent of lanthanum-cerium mixture, and the balance of aluminum and inevitable impurities. The scheme optimizes and configures metal elements in the aluminum alloy, controls the content of Fe in the alloy and reduces the brittle needle-like FeAl 3 The content of the aluminum alloy material is increased, so that the plasticity of the alloy material is improved; the content of Mg is controlled, and the Mn element is used for compensating the Mg element, so that the reduction of the elongation of the alloy material due to the overhigh content of the Mg is avoided. In addition, by adding different kinds of rare earth elements, the rare earth is utilized to purify harmful impurity elements and refine grains, so that the purpose of fine grain strengthening is achieved, and meanwhile, the method also has the advantages of adding different kinds of rare earth elements, purifying harmful impurity elements and refining grainsEffectively changes the compound form of iron-rich multi-element intermetallic compounds in the die-casting aluminum alloy, thereby obviously improving the elongation of the alloy material.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of aluminum alloy materials, in particular to a high-elongation aluminum alloy and a preparation method thereof.
Background
The aluminum alloy has the characteristics of small density, high specific strength and specific stiffness, good corrosion resistance, excellent electric and thermal conductivity, easiness in recovery, good low-temperature performance and the like, and is widely applied to the fields of transportation, aerospace, electronic and electric appliances and the like. With the increasing competition of the automobile market, the aluminum alloy has low density, high strength, especially high-quality steel, good plasticity, can be processed into various types of materials, and has the characteristics of excellent electrical conductivity, thermal conductivity, corrosion resistance and the like, so that the aluminum alloy part becomes one of the common materials for automobiles. For example, all existing battery separators are made of AlSi7Mg aluminum alloy and welded in aluminum alloy frames to separate batteries, so that potential safety hazards such as explosion caused by extrusion and cracking of the batteries when an automobile is impacted are prevented.
The existing AlSi7Mg aluminum alloy comprises, by mass percentage, Si 6.5-7.5%, Mg0.45-0.7%, Ti0.1-0.2%, Mn less than or equal to 0.1%, Fe less than or equal to 0.19%, Cu less than or equal to 0.05%, Zn less than or equal to 0.07%, and the balance of aluminum and inevitable impurities; the elongation is more than or equal to 7 percent, and the ductility is low. Because the elongation rate of the AlSi7Mg aluminum alloy is low, in the actual forming process of the bottom plate of the battery tray, the battery separator is easy to crack after an impact test is carried out on the aluminum alloy due to the low elongation rate, and the produced parts cannot meet the mechanical property requirement of high elongation rate, thereby causing potential safety hazards. Therefore, it is highly desirable to develop a high elongation aluminum alloy having an elongation of more than 10%.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide an aluminum alloy with high elongation to solve the technical problem of low elongation of the existing aluminum alloy material.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme: the high-elongation aluminum alloy comprises the following raw materials in percentage by mass: 6 to 8 percent of silicon, 0.15 to 0.3 percent of magnesium, 0.4 to 1 percent of manganese, less than or equal to 0.15 percent of iron, 0.01 to 0.03 percent of strontium, 0.1 to 0.25 percent of lanthanum-cerium mixture, and the balance of aluminum and inevitable impurities.
The principle and the advantages of the scheme are as follows:
1. compared with the AlSi7Mg aluminum alloy in the prior art, the aluminum alloy material obtained by the scheme has lower magnesium and iron contents by optimizing the metal elements in the alloy; such as controlling Fe content in alloy, reducing brittleness of needle FeAl 3 The content of Fe, the harmful influence of Fe is eliminated, particularly, the cracking effect of the needle-shaped compound on the die-casting aluminum alloy matrix is reduced, the elongation of the aluminum alloy material is obviously improved, and the plasticity of the alloy material is improved; the content of Mg is controlled, and the Mn element is used for compensating the Mg element, so that the reduction of the elongation rate caused by overhigh content of the Mg is avoided; through the action, the aluminum alloy material prepared by the invention has high thermal conductivity, excellent mechanical property and high elongation.
2. According to the invention, by adding different types of rare earth elements, the alloy components and the structure are optimized, harmful impurity elements are purified by using rare earth, and crystal grains are refined, so that the purpose of fine grain strengthening is achieved, and meanwhile, the form of a compound among iron-rich multi-element metals in the die-casting aluminum alloy is effectively changed; if the mixed lanthanum-cerium rare earth is added in a proper amount, the functions of refining and purifying aluminum liquid and refining the structure are achieved, and the mixed rare earth, Si, Fe and the like coexist at a crystal boundary to form an Si-Fe eutectic structure, so that the shape of the Si-Fe eutectic structure in the aluminum alloy is improved, the shape of the Si-Fe eutectic is changed from a thick needle shape into a fine fiber shape, and the strength of the alloy is effectively improved; if a proper amount of strontium element is added, the Si eutectic form in the die-casting aluminum alloy can be effectively changed, so that the elongation of the material is effectively improved. The research of the applicant proves that the lanthanum-cerium rare earth element and the strontium element in the scheme play a synergistic effect role in the prepared aluminum alloy, the elongation of the aluminum alloy is jointly improved, the elongation of the obtained aluminum alloy is enabled to be more than or equal to 11.4%, and the phenomenon that the aluminum alloy material has potential safety hazards due to stamping cracking easily caused by low elongation in the prior art is remarkably improved.
Preferably, the mixing ratio of lanthanum to cerium in the lanthanum-cerium mixture is 7: 3. By adopting the scheme, the two kinds of rare earth of lanthanum and cerium are mixed into the rare earth mixture in advance, so that when the aluminum alloy material is prepared, enough lanthanum-cerium-rare earth mixture reacts with the ferrosilicon serving as the aluminum alloy raw material to generate a Si-Fe eutectic structure, the Si and Fe eutectic form in the die-casting aluminum alloy is effectively changed, and the elongation of the material is effectively improved.
Preferably, the weight of the impurities is less than or equal to 0.5 percent, and the impurities comprise the following raw materials in percentage by mass: 0.11 to 0.16 percent of titanium, less than or equal to 0.0009 percent of calcium, less than or equal to 0.04 percent of phosphorus, less than or equal to 0.0001 percent of beryllium, less than or equal to 0.04 percent of zinc, less than or equal to 0.04 percent of tin, less than or equal to 0.04 percent of lead, less than or equal to 0.04 percent of nickel and less than or equal to 0.04 percent of chromium. By adopting the scheme, the influence of impurities on the aluminum alloy material is obviously reduced, for example, calcium Ca can react with P, Si and other elements to generate high-melting-point compounds, and the compounds can reduce the fluidity and feeding performance of the alloy; at the same time, the presence of Ca also leads to A1 2 0 3 The rupture of the membrane increases the hydrogen content of the aluminum liquid and the probability of air holes and shrinkage porosity of the casting, thereby influencing the surface and internal quality of the product.
A preparation method of a high-elongation aluminum alloy comprises the following steps:
s1: melting, namely melting the industrial pure aluminum to obtain a melt I;
s2: adding materials and degassing, sequentially adding raw materials of silicon, magnesium, manganese and strontium into the melt I obtained in the step S1, heating, stirring and melting to obtain a melt II;
s3: refining and deslagging, namely adding a refining agent into the melt II obtained in the step S2, and stirring and deslagging to obtain a melt III;
s4: degassing and deslagging, namely adding a lanthanum-cerium mixture and a refining agent into the melt III obtained in the step S3, and stirring, degassing and deslagging to obtain a melt IV;
s5: and (4) transferring and die-casting, wherein the melt IV obtained in the step S4 is transferred and die-cast to obtain an aluminum alloy casting.
The principle and the advantages of the scheme are as follows:
1. according to the scheme, the elongation of the aluminum alloy product is improved by controlling the content of Mg and compensating the Mg element by the content of Mn. In addition, Mn can prevent the recrystallization process of the aluminum alloy, improve the recrystallization temperature, can effectively inhibit the occurrence of the recrystallization process of the aluminum alloy, and can effectively improve the strength of the aluminum alloy; further, Mn forms MnAl by forming Mn with Al 6 The compound effectively disperses particles, and plays a role in inhibiting the growth of recrystallized grains, so that the grains in the aluminum alloy are refined, and the elongation of the aluminum alloy is greatly increased. MnAl 6 Can dissolve impurity iron (Fe) to form (Fe, Mn) Al 6 The sheet-like or needle-like structure formed by iron in the aluminum alloy is changed into a fine crystal structure, and the harmful effect of iron is reduced.
2. According to the scheme, raw materials are added in batches to refine degassing and remove slag, so that the uniformity and purity of the aluminum alloy melt are effectively guaranteed, the elongation and other service performances of the prepared aluminum alloy are effectively improved, and the yield of the aluminum alloy is improved.
Preferably, in S1, the method further comprises detecting the content of iron and impurities; in S2 and S3, a raw material content detection and feeding melting stage is also included; adding a refining agent to stir, degas and remove slag every time feeding and melting are carried out; in S5, the melt IV is detected before transferring and die casting, and the melt density is more than or equal to 2.58 g/ml.
By adopting the scheme, the raw material content in the melt is monitored in real time, and the missing raw material amount after refining and deslagging is supplemented in a targeted manner, so that the content of metal elements in the raw material in the melt is deviated, the phenomenon of low element content generally occurs, and the raw material needs to be added by material supplementing and melting; and after the material is supplemented and melted every time, the newly added impurities in the melt are refined, degassed and deslagged, so that the melt quality is effectively ensured, and the quality of the aluminum alloy product is further improved, and the aluminum alloy product has higher strength, if the specific strength is close to that of high alloy steel, the specific rigidity exceeds that of steel, and the aluminum alloy product has good casting performance, plastic processing performance, good electric conductivity and heat conductivity, and good corrosion resistance and weldability.
Preferably, in S1, the melting temperature is 650 ℃ to 750 ℃; in S2, the melting temperature is 760 ℃ to 820 ℃; in S2 and S3, the feed melting temperature is 700 ℃ to 750 ℃. By adopting the scheme, the melting temperature is set according to the melting properties of different raw materials, the production cost is effectively saved, and the production efficiency is improved.
Preferably, the refining agent comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 18-24 parts of sodium nitrate, 5-10 parts of potassium fluotitanate, 33-41 parts of 2-potassium chloride, 15-20 parts of zinc chloride, 3-8 parts of sodium sulfate, 10-15 parts of phosphorus pentachloride, 12-18 parts of sodium fluoborate, 8-14 parts of aluminum fluoride, 16-22 parts of calcium carbonate and 10-15 parts of charcoal powder. By adopting the scheme, the raw materials of the refining agent are simple, and the production cost is reduced; and the refining agent of the scheme effectively removes impurities of all raw materials, obtains melt with higher purity, and further improves the strength and service performance of aluminum alloy products.
Preferably, in S3 and S4, the addition amount of the refining agent is 0.1-0.3% of the weight of the melt, and the refining time is 20-30 min. By adopting the scheme, the phenomenon that other impurities are added due to the addition of a large amount of refining agents in the prior art, so that the strength and other properties of the aluminum alloy product are influenced is effectively avoided.
Preferably, in S2, the stirring is specifically stirring for 5-8 min at a rotation speed of 500-550 rpm, standing for 10min, and repeatedly stirring and standing for three times; in S4, the stirring is specifically carried out for 5-8 min under the condition that the rotating speed is 500-550 rpm. By adopting the scheme, the safety problem caused by the splashing of the melt is effectively avoided by low-speed stirring; meanwhile, the stirring and dispersion of the materials in the melt are facilitated, and the full and efficient dispersion of the raw materials in the melt is finally achieved.
Preferably, in S2-S4, nitrogen is introduced into the melt while stirring, and the flow rate of the nitrogen is 22-28L/min; the nitrogen pressure is 0.2-0.5 MPa in S2 and S3, and 0.4-0.6 MPa in S4. By adopting the scheme, bubbles in the melt can be conveniently discharged along with the aggregation of nitrogen in the stirring process, so that the aim of removing gas in the melt is fulfilled.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a process flow diagram of a method for preparing a high elongation aluminum alloy in an embodiment of the invention.
FIG. 2 is a graphical plot of an elongation test run of an aluminum alloy in accordance with example 4 of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The following is further detailed by way of specific embodiments:
example 1
The differences in the aluminum alloy raw materials and the contents in examples 1 to 5 and comparative examples 1 to 3 (conventional AlSi7Mg) are shown in table 1. Taking example 1 as an example, the raw material composition and preparation process of a high elongation aluminum alloy are described.
The high-elongation aluminum alloy comprises the following raw materials in percentage by mass: 6 to 8 percent of silicon (Si), 0.15 to 0.3 percent of magnesium (Mg), 0.4 to 1 percent of manganese (Mn), less than or equal to 0.15 percent of iron (Fe), 0.01 to 0.03 percent of strontium (Sr), 0.1 to 0.25 percent of lanthanum cerium (La-Ce) mixture, and the balance of aluminum and inevitable impurities; the weight of impurities is less than or equal to 0.5 percent, and the impurities comprise the following raw materials in percentage by mass: 0.11 to 0.16 percent of titanium (Ti), less than or equal to 0.0009 percent of calcium (Ca), less than or equal to 0.04 percent of phosphorus (P), less than or equal to 0.0001 percent of beryllium (Be), less than or equal to 0.04 percent of zinc (Zn), less than or equal to 0.04 percent of tin (Sn), less than or equal to 0.04 percent of lead (Pb), less than or equal to 0.04 percent of nickel (Ni) and less than or equal to 0.04 percent of chromium (Cr).
The composition and percentage content of each element in the embodiment specifically include: 8 percent of silicon, 0.3 percent of magnesium, 0.88 percent of manganese, 0.15 percent of iron, 0.025 percent of strontium, 0.2 percent of lanthanum-cerium mixture (the proportion of lanthanum and cerium is 7:3), less than or equal to 0.5 percent of impurity and the balance of aluminum.
The invention also provides a preparation method of the high-elongation aluminum alloy, the preparation process is shown as figure 1, and the preparation method comprises the following specific steps:
s1: preparing materials and melting: preparing raw materials according to mass percent, heating industrial pure aluminum to 700 ℃ (the optional temperature range is 650 ℃ -750 ℃) for melting to obtain a melt I;
sampling the melt I, performing spectral analysis, determining the element content in the melt I, wherein the element content comprises the content of each auxiliary material (silicon, manganese, magnesium and strontium), Fe and other impurities, and controlling the content of Fe and other impurities in a smaller range (Fe is less than or equal to 0.15%, and impurities are less than or equal to 0.5%);
s2: charging and degassing: and (3) adding silicon, manganese, magnesium and strontium into the melt I obtained in the step (S1) in sequence for alloying, heating to 760-820 ℃, stirring for 5min under the condition of 500-550 rpm, standing for 10min after stirring, stirring again, wherein the stirring and standing are circulated for three times in total to obtain a melt II. And introducing nitrogen into the melt during the stirring process, wherein the nitrogen pressure is 0.2-0.5 MPa.
Sampling the melt II, performing spectral analysis, determining the content of elements in the melt II, mainly detecting the content of silicon, manganese, magnesium and strontium, supplementing materials, melting at 700-750 ℃, and effectively ensuring the quality of an aluminum alloy product by monitoring the content of raw materials in the melt in real time and supplementing the missing raw materials after refining and deslagging in a targeted manner; and after the material is supplemented and melted every time, the newly added impurities in the melt are refined, degassed and deslagged, so that the melt quality is effectively ensured, and the quality of the aluminum alloy product is further improved, and the aluminum alloy product has higher strength, if the specific strength is close to that of high alloy steel, the specific rigidity exceeds that of steel, and the aluminum alloy product has good casting performance, plastic processing performance, good electric conductivity and heat conductivity, and good corrosion resistance and weldability.
S3: refining and deslagging: and (3) adding a refining agent into the melt II obtained in the step (S2), wherein the addition amount of the refining agent is 0.1-0.3% of the weight of the melt, stirring for 20-30 min under the condition that the nitrogen pressure is 0.2-0.5 MPa, standing for 15-20 min, and fully deslagging and degassing to obtain a melt III.
Wherein the refining agent comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 15-25 parts of sodium chloride, 15-25 parts of potassium chloride, 3-10 parts of sodium fluosilicate, 2-5 parts of sodium hexafluoroaluminate, 5-15 parts of sodium carbonate and 3-10 parts of calcium fluoride; the refining agent specifically comprises 20 parts of sodium chloride, 20 parts of potassium chloride, 5 parts of sodium fluosilicate, 3 parts of sodium hexafluoroaluminate, 10 parts of sodium carbonate and 5 parts of calcium fluoride, the raw materials are mixed to prepare a white powdery refining agent, and more than or equal to 98% of particles in the refining agent can pass through a standard sieve with the diameter of 1 mm. The refining agent is mainly used for removing hydrogen and floating oxidation slag inclusion in the molten aluminum, so that the melt is purer.
Sampling the melt III for spectral analysis, determining the content of elements in the melt III, mainly detecting the content of silicon, manganese, magnesium and strontium, supplementing materials, melting at 700-750 ℃, repeating the step S3, refining the melt obtained after supplementing materials and melting, and finishing deslagging and degassing.
S4: degassing and deslagging, adding a lanthanum-cerium mixture and a refining agent into the melt III obtained in the step S3, wherein the addition amount of the refining agent is 0.1-0.3% of the weight of the melt, stirring for 5-8 min under the conditions that the nitrogen pressure is 0.4-0.6 MPa and the nitrogen flow is 22-28L/min, standing for 10min after stirring, stirring again, and circulating for three times in total after stirring and standing to obtain a melt IV.
S5: and (4) transferring and die-casting, namely sampling and detecting the melt IV obtained in the step S4, and when the density of the melt IV is more than or equal to 2.58g/ml, recording the melt IV as qualified, and then transferring and die-casting the melt IV to prepare the aluminum alloy product.
When the density of the melt IV is less than or equal to 2.58g/ml during sampling detection, the melt IV is not qualified, and the preparation needs to be restarted.
TABLE 1 raw material content differences of the aluminum alloys obtained in examples 1 to 5 and comparative examples 1 to 3
In the preparation process of the high-elongation aluminum alloy, the dosage of impurity elements is within the range of the claims (the weight of impurities is less than or equal to 0.5%, the high-elongation aluminum alloy comprises the following raw materials, by mass, 0.11-0.16% of titanium, less than or equal to 0.0009% of calcium, less than or equal to 0.04% of phosphorus, less than or equal to 0.0001% of beryllium, less than or equal to 0.04% of zinc, less than or equal to 0.04% of tin, less than or equal to 0.04% of lead, less than or equal to 0.04% of nickel and less than or equal to 0.04% of chromium), and the dosage of refining agent raw materials is within the range of the claims (15-25 parts of sodium chloride, 15-25 parts of potassium chloride, 3-10 parts of sodium fluosilicate, 2-5 parts of sodium hexafluoroaluminate, 5-15 parts of sodium carbonate and 3-10 parts of calcium fluoride), so that the high-elongation aluminum alloy can be obtained, and the elongation of the high-elongation aluminum alloy is more than 11.4. And in the reaction steps S1-S5, the aluminum alloy with the elongation rate higher than 11.4 is obtained under any combination of the melting temperature of the aluminum of 650-750 ℃, the melting temperature of the auxiliary material of 760-820 ℃, the melting temperature of the supplementary material of 700-750 ℃, the addition amount of the refining agent of 0.1-0.3%, the refining time of 20-30 min and the like. Because the elongation of the aluminum alloy prepared by selecting the conditions in different claims does not change greatly, only one of the combined reaction conditions is selected to show the influence of different raw material contents on the performance of the aluminum alloy obtained by the scheme.
Test example: aluminium alloy Performance testing
The tensile strength, yield strength and elongation of the aluminum alloys obtained in examples 1 to 5 and comparative examples 1 to 3 were measured, and the results are shown in table 2 and fig. 2.
Table 2 test results of properties of aluminum alloys obtained in examples 1 to 5 and comparative examples 1 to 3
From the experimental data in table 2 it can be seen that: compared with the AlSi7Mg aluminum alloy, the aluminum alloy section obtained by the scheme has greatly improved tensile strength, yield strength and elongation, the tensile strength of the aluminum alloy obtained by the scheme is more than or equal to 263MPa, the yield strength of the aluminum alloy is more than or equal to 122MPa, and the elongation of the aluminum alloy is more than or equal to 11.4%, and the performance of the aluminum alloy is obviously higher than that of the existing AlSi7Mg aluminum alloy (the tensile strength of the aluminum alloy obtained by the comparative example 3 is 240MPa, the yield strength of the aluminum alloy is 106MPa, and the elongation of the aluminum alloy is 7.5%); the adverse effect of the Mg element on the elongation of the aluminum alloy can be compensated by the Mn element. As can be seen from comparison between example 3 (the elongation of the aluminum alloy obtained in example 3 is 12.7%) and example 4 (the elongation of the aluminum alloy obtained in example 4 is 14.2%, as shown in the graph of the elongation test operation of the aluminum alloy shown in fig. 2), when the content of the remaining elements is controlled and the preparation process is not changed, the elongation of the prepared aluminum alloy is reduced by excessively replacing the Mg element with the Mn element, and only by appropriately controlling the Mg content and compensating the Mg element with the Mn element, the problems of high strength and low elongation caused by excessively high Mg content can be effectively avoided, so that the elongation of the aluminum alloy is significantly improved.
The aluminum alloy material obtained by the scheme has lower magnesium and iron contents by optimizing the metal elements in the alloy; such as controlling Fe content in alloy, reducing brittleness of acicular FeAl 3 The content of the Fe, the harmful influence of the Fe is eliminated, particularly, the cracking effect of the needle-shaped compound on the die-casting aluminum alloy matrix is reduced, the elongation of the aluminum alloy material is obviously improved, the plasticity of the alloy material is improved, the manufacturing requirement of the automobile battery bottom plate tray is fully met, and the requirements of the market on aluminum alloy sectional materials with good compression resistance and impact resistance and high elongation are met.
Compared with the comparative example 1 and the comparative example 2 which are not added with rare earth elements, the aluminum alloy prepared by adding the lanthanum-cerium-rare earth mixture into the raw materials of the aluminum alloy has higher elongation and better strength performance. Because the alloy components and the structure can be optimized by adding different types of rare earth elements; the rare earth elements achieve the purpose of fine grain strengthening by purifying harmful impurity elements, refining grains and the like, and simultaneously effectively change the compound form between iron-rich multi-element metals in the die-casting aluminum alloy. For example, a proper amount of mixed lanthanum-cerium rare earth (examples 1 to 5) is added, since the rare earth elements have the functions of refining, purifying aluminum liquid and refining grain structure, and the mixed rare earth, Si, Fe and the like coexist in the grain boundary, a Si-Fe eutectic structure is formed, the morphology of the Si-Fe eutectic structure in the aluminum alloy is improved, the morphology of the Si-Fe eutectic is changed from a coarse needle shape to a fine fiber shape, and the strength of the alloy is effectively improved. In addition, by comparing examples 1-5 with comparative example 2, it can be seen that the addition of a proper amount of strontium element can effectively change the eutectic form of Si in the die-cast aluminum alloy, thereby effectively improving the elongation of the material. The research of the applicant proves that the lanthanum-cerium rare earth element and the strontium element in the scheme play a synergistic effect role in the prepared aluminum alloy, the elongation of the aluminum alloy is jointly improved, the elongation of the aluminum alloy obtained in the embodiments 1-5 is more than or equal to 11.4%, and the phenomenon that the aluminum alloy material has potential safety hazards due to stamping cracking easily caused by low elongation in the prior art is remarkably improved.
The foregoing is merely an example of the present invention and common general knowledge in the art of designing and/or characterizing particular aspects and/or features is not described in any greater detail herein. It should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, without departing from the technical solution of the present invention, several variations and modifications can be made, which should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention, and these will not affect the effect of the implementation of the present invention and the practicability of the patent. The scope of the claims of the present application shall be determined by the contents of the claims, and the description of the embodiments and the like in the specification shall be used to explain the contents of the claims.
Claims (10)
1. A high elongation aluminum alloy characterized by: the material comprises the following raw materials in percentage by mass: 6 to 8 percent of silicon, 0.15 to 0.3 percent of magnesium, 0.4 to 1 percent of manganese, less than or equal to 0.15 percent of iron, 0.01 to 0.03 percent of strontium, 0.1 to 0.25 percent of lanthanum-cerium mixture, and the balance of aluminum and inevitable impurities.
2. The high elongation aluminum alloy of claim 1, wherein: the mixing ratio of lanthanum to cerium in the lanthanum-cerium mixture is 7: 3.
3. The high elongation aluminum alloy of claim 2 wherein: the weight of the impurities is less than or equal to 0.5 percent, and the impurities comprise the following raw materials in percentage by mass: 0.11 to 0.16 percent of titanium, less than or equal to 0.0009 percent of calcium, less than or equal to 0.04 percent of phosphorus, less than or equal to 0.0001 percent of beryllium, less than or equal to 0.04 percent of zinc, less than or equal to 0.04 percent of tin, less than or equal to 0.04 percent of lead, less than or equal to 0.04 percent of nickel and less than or equal to 0.04 percent of chromium.
4. A method of producing a high elongation aluminium alloy according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein: the method comprises the following steps:
s1: melting, namely melting the industrial pure aluminum to obtain a melt I;
s2: adding materials and degassing, sequentially adding raw materials of silicon, magnesium, manganese and strontium into the melt I obtained in the step S1, heating, stirring and melting to obtain a melt II;
s3: refining and deslagging, namely adding a refining agent into the melt II obtained in the step S2, and stirring and deslagging to obtain a melt III;
s4: degassing and deslagging, namely adding a lanthanum-cerium mixture and a refining agent into the melt III obtained in the step S3, and stirring, degassing and deslagging to obtain a melt IV;
s5: and (4) transferring and die-casting, wherein the melt IV obtained in the step S4 is transferred and die-cast to obtain an aluminum alloy casting.
5. The method of claim 4, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in S1, detecting the content of iron and impurities; in S2 and S3, a raw material content detection and feeding melting stage is also included; adding a refining agent to stir, degas and remove slag every time feeding and melting are carried out; in S5, the melt IV is detected before transferring and die casting, and the melt density is more than or equal to 2.58 g/ml.
6. The method of claim 5, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in S1, the melting temperature is 650 ℃ to 750 ℃; in S2, the melting temperature is 760 ℃ to 820 ℃; in S2 and S3, the feed melting temperature is 700 ℃ to 750 ℃.
7. The method of claim 6, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the refining agent comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 15-25 parts of sodium chloride, 15-25 parts of potassium chloride, 3-10 parts of sodium fluosilicate, 2-5 parts of sodium hexafluoroaluminate, 5-15 parts of sodium carbonate and 3-10 parts of calcium fluoride.
8. The method of claim 7, wherein the method comprises the steps of: in S3 and S4, the addition amount of the refining agent is 0.1-0.3% of the weight of the melt, and the refining time is 20-30 min.
9. The method of claim 8, wherein the method comprises the steps of: in S2, the stirring is specifically stirring for 5-8 min at the rotating speed of 500-550 rpm, standing for 10min, and repeatedly stirring and standing for three times; in S4, the stirring is specifically carried out for 5-8 min under the condition that the rotating speed is 500-550 rpm.
10. The method of claim 9, wherein the method comprises the steps of: in S2-S4, nitrogen is introduced into the melt while stirring, and the flow rate of the nitrogen is 22-28L/min; the nitrogen pressure is 0.2-0.5 MPa in S2 and S3, and 0.4-0.6 MPa in S4.
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