CN116411208A - Die-casting aluminum alloy and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Die-casting aluminum alloy and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 118
- 238000004512 die casting Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 64
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title abstract description 8
- 238000003723 Smelting Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000007670 refining Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052684 Cerium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052746 lanthanum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 abstract description 10
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 76
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron Substances [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 24
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 13
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 12
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 10
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 10
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 8
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 7
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 6
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 6
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 230000003014 reinforcing effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- VZGDMQKNWNREIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrachloromethane Chemical compound ClC(Cl)(Cl)Cl VZGDMQKNWNREIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910018125 Al-Si Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910018520 Al—Si Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000005496 eutectics Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 235000014347 soups Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000006399 behavior Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000017525 heat dissipation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910000765 intermetallic Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052761 rare earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000002910 rare earth metals Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000001953 recrystallisation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005728 strengthening Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009864 tensile test Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910016569 AlF 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910004261 CaF 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910019018 Mg 2 Si Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000002425 crystallisation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008025 crystallization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007872 degassing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003628 erosive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- WMIYKQLTONQJES-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexafluoroethane Chemical compound FC(F)(F)C(F)(F)F WMIYKQLTONQJES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical class [H]* 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002932 luster Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002736 metal compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011056 performance test Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C21/00—Alloys based on aluminium
- C22C21/02—Alloys based on aluminium with silicon as the next major constituent
- C22C21/04—Modified aluminium-silicon alloys
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D17/00—Pressure die casting or injection die casting, i.e. casting in which the metal is forced into a mould under high pressure
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
- C22C1/02—Making non-ferrous alloys by melting
- C22C1/026—Alloys based on aluminium
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
- C22C1/02—Making non-ferrous alloys by melting
- C22C1/03—Making non-ferrous alloys by melting using master alloys
Abstract
In order to solve the problem that the casting performance, the mechanical performance and the heat conducting performance of the existing die casting aluminum alloy cannot be considered, the invention provides the die casting aluminum alloy which comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 9-12% of Si, 1.2-1.7% of Mg, 0.5-1.0% of Fe, 0.15-1.0% of Zn, 0.05-0.25% of Mn, 0.05-0.5% of Cu, 0.02-0.05% of Sr, 0.05-0.1% of Ti, 0-0.01% of Cr and 83.24-88.98% of Al. Meanwhile, the invention also discloses a preparation method of the die-casting aluminum alloy. The die-casting aluminum alloy provided by the invention realizes the improvement of mechanical properties such as yield strength, tensile strength, elongation at break and the like of the aluminum alloy and has better heat conductivity and better comprehensive performance on the premise of meeting the die-casting fluidity.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of alloy materials, and particularly relates to a die-casting aluminum alloy and a preparation method thereof.
Background
The aluminum alloy has the characteristics of light weight, good toughness, corrosion resistance, special metallic luster and the like, and is widely applied to parts of electronic appliances, communication equipment, lighting devices, automobiles and the like, such as shells of smart phones, notebook computers and tablet computers, radiators and lampshades of LED lamps, radiators, cabinets and filters of 3G and 4G wireless communication base stations, heating plates of electric cookers, electromagnetic ovens and water heaters, controller cabinets of new energy automobiles, driving motor shells and the like. In order to meet the demands of thin wall, light weight, high strength and casting production of parts, the casting fluidity and mechanical properties of aluminum alloy are increasingly required. The cast aluminum alloy most commonly used at present is an Al-Si series cast aluminum alloy, typically available under the trademark ADC12. The Al-Si series cast aluminum alloy generally contains more than 6.5% of Si element, so that the aluminum alloy has good casting fluidity and meets the casting process requirements, but the Al-Si series cast aluminum alloy has general mechanical properties of a product body after die casting, has the tensile strength of 250-300 MPa and the yield strength of 170-190 MPa, and cannot meet the aluminum alloy die casting products with higher requirements on mechanical and heat conduction comprehensive properties.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problem that the casting performance, the mechanical performance and the heat conducting performance of the existing die-casting aluminum alloy cannot be considered, the invention provides the die-casting aluminum alloy and the preparation method thereof.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the technical problems is as follows:
on one hand, the invention provides a die-casting aluminum alloy, which comprises the following components in percentage by mass:
9-12% of Si, 1.2-1.7% of Mg, 0.5-1.0% of Fe, 0.15-1.0% of Zn, 0.05-0.25% of Mn, 0.05-0.5% of Cu, 0.02-0.05% of Sr, 0.05-0.1% of Ti, 0-0.01% of Cr and 83.24-88.98% of Al.
Optionally, the die-casting aluminum alloy further comprises RE, wherein the RE content is 0.1-0.15% by mass, the RE comprises La and Ce, and the weight ratio of La to Ce is 50-65:35-50.
Optionally, the mass ratio of Ti to Sr in the die-casting aluminum alloy satisfies the condition (2-4): 1.
Optionally, in the die-casting aluminum alloy, the mass ratio content of Si and Zn satisfies the condition (16-80): 1.
Optionally, in the die-casting aluminum alloy, the mass percentage content of Fe, si and Mn satisfies 0.06Si+0.5Mn-Fe not less than 0.
Optionally, the content of other elements in the die-casting aluminum alloy is less than 0.1%, and the other elements include V, zr, na, pb and Sn.
Optionally, the die-casting aluminum alloy has a yield strength of greater than 230MPa, a tensile strength of greater than 350MPa, an elongation at break of greater than 3%, a thermal conductivity of greater than 140W/m.K, and a fluidity of greater than 1400mm.
In another aspect, the present invention provides a method for preparing the die-cast aluminum alloy as described above, comprising the following operation steps:
weighing Al agent, ca agent, si agent, fe agent, mn agent, cu agent and Cr agent according to the proportion of elements in the aluminum alloy, and adding the Al agent, ca agent, si agent, fe agent, mn agent, cu agent and Cr agent into a smelting furnace for smelting to obtain a melt;
refining the melt by using a refining agent, removing Ca agent, introducing inert gas, and stripping scum;
weighing Mg agent and Zn agent in the required proportion, and adding into the smelting furnace;
respectively weighing the Sr agent and the Ti agent in the required proportion for modification treatment;
and (3) die casting the aluminum alloy cast ingot.
Optionally, the Ca element in the Ca agent added in the smelting process is added in an amount of 0.01-0.05% by mass based on 100% by mass of the melt.
Optionally, RE agents including La and Ce are also added.
Optionally, the die-cast aluminum alloy ingot is subjected to natural aging treatment at room temperature for 7 days.
According to the die-casting aluminum alloy provided by the invention, through the proportioning limitation of the element components, the die-casting aluminum alloy can keep better die-casting fluidity, so that the die-casting aluminum alloy can be better molded under different die-casting conditions, the problems of internal and surface cracks are avoided, the requirement on the parameter control of the die-casting conditions is reduced, the die-casting formation of a plurality of thin wall structures or fine structures is realized, meanwhile, on the premise of meeting the die-casting fluidity, the improvement of mechanical properties such as the yield strength, the tensile strength and the elongation at break of the aluminum alloy is realized, the aluminum alloy has better heat conductivity, the aluminum alloy has better comprehensive performance, and the application in the fields of high strength and high heat dissipation requirements of mobile phone structural parts, automobile parts and the like is met.
Detailed Description
In order to make the technical problems, technical schemes and beneficial effects solved by the invention more clear, the invention is further described in detail below with reference to the embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are for purposes of illustration only and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
The embodiment of the invention provides a die-casting aluminum alloy, which comprises the following components in percentage by mass:
9-12% of Si, 1.2-1.7% of Mg, 0.5-1.0% of Fe, 0.15-1.0% of Zn, 0.05-0.25% of Mn, 0.05-0.5% of Cu, 0.02-0.05% of Sr, 0.05-0.1% of Ti, 0-0.01% of Cr and 83.24-88.98% of Al.
Through the ratio limitation of each element component, the die-casting aluminum alloy can keep better die-casting fluidity, so that the die-casting aluminum alloy can be better molded under different die-casting conditions, the problem of internal and surface cracks is avoided, the requirement on parameter control of the die-casting conditions is reduced, the die-casting formation of a thin-wall structure or a fine structure is realized, meanwhile, the improvement of mechanical properties such as aluminum alloy yield strength, tensile strength and elongation at break is realized on the premise of meeting the die-casting fluidity, and the aluminum alloy has better heat conductivity, so that the aluminum alloy has better comprehensive performance, and the application in the fields of high strength and high heat dissipation requirements of mobile phone structural parts, automobile parts and the like is met.
In the material, si is taken as a main additive element, and a proper amount of silicon element can effectively improve the molding fluidity of the material, increase the hardness of the material, improve the strength and corrosion resistance of the alloy, reduce the shrinkage rate, reduce the hot cracking tendency and ensure the molding effect after die casting.
Mg: the yield strength and the tensile strength of the die-casting aluminum alloy can be obviously improved by the Mg element, and the toughness of the aluminum alloy after die casting can be ensured by adding a proper amount of the Mg element.
Fe: the Fe element with the content in the range is added into the die-casting aluminum alloy, so that the demolding difficulty of the aluminum alloy can be reduced, and the erosion effect of the aluminum alloy on a die can be reduced.
Zn: the Zn element can improve the fluidity of the aluminum alloy in the die casting process, the existing aluminum alloy has the problem of poor machinability, the melting point of the Zn element is lower, the Zn element is formed in a free state in the aluminum alloy and distributed in a matrix, and the softening and melting of the Zn element in the cutting deformation are favorable for forming fine cuttings on the interface of a workpiece and a cutter by adding the Zn element in the content range in the aluminum alloy, so that the friction force between the cutter and the aluminum alloy is reduced, the cutting performance of the die casting aluminum alloy can be effectively improved, and the die casting aluminum alloy has a richer forming structure.
Mn: mn is added to prevent the recrystallization process of aluminum alloy, raise the recrystallization temperature, obviously refine the recrystallized grains, and dissolve iron to form (Fe, mn) Al 6 The addition of excessive amounts of Mn to the reinforcing phase results in a decrease in the heat conductive properties of the aluminum alloy.
Cu: cu element can form Al together with Al matrix 2 The Cu phase increases the copper content in the aluminum alloy, which is beneficial to improving the fluidity, tensile strength and hardness of the aluminum alloy, but the content of Cu element cannot be too high, and excessive addition of Cu leads to the increase of the hot cracking tendency of the aluminum alloy.
Sr: the Sr element is a surface active element, can change long needle-shaped eutectic silicon into particles, improves the heat conduction mechanical property, can change the behavior of intermetallic compound phases in crystallization, has the characteristics of long effective time, good effect and good reproducibility when being used for changing the behaviors of the intermetallic compound phases, and can improve the mechanical property and the plastic workability of materials.
Ti: due toThe die-casting aluminum alloy has a small amount of Fe, and is favorable for forming Al by adding a proper amount of Ti element 3 Ti enhances the phase, obviously thins the morphology structure of the Fe-rich phase in the aluminum alloy, and is beneficial to improving the elongation at break and the fluidity of the die-casting aluminum alloy. Excessive Ti element is unfavorable for improving the heat conductivity of the aluminum alloy.
Cr: in AlSiMg system alloys with high Mg content, trace Cr element leads to obvious decrease of toughness of the material. And Cr has great influence on heat conduction of the material, and the heat conduction can be obviously reduced by a trace of Cr.
In a preferred embodiment, the die-cast aluminum alloy comprises the following components in percentage by mass:
10-12% of Si, 1.2-1.7% of Mg, 0.5-1.0% of Fe, 0.15-1.0% of Zn, 0.05-0.25% of Mn, 0.05-0.5% of Cu, 0.02-0.05% of Sr, 0.05-0.1% of Ti, 0-0.01% of Cr and 83.24-87.98% of Al.
In other specific embodiments, the Si content may be selected from 9.0%, 9.2%, 9.5%, 9.9%, 10.2%, 10.5%, 10.7%, 11.0, 11.2%, 11.5%, 11.7%, or 12.0%; the Mg content may be selected from 1.2%, 1.25%, 1.3%, 1.35%, 1.4%, 1.45%, 1.5%, 1.55%, 1.6%, 1.65% or 1.7%; the Fe content may be selected from 0.5%, 0.53%, 0.6%, 0.65%, 0.72%, 0.76%, 0.79%, 0.83%, 0.88%, 0.9% or 1.0%; the Zn content may be selected from 0.15%, 0.25%, 0.3%, 0.4%, 0.5%, 0.53%, 0.6%, 0.65%, 0.72%, 0.76%, 0.79%, 0.83%, 0.88%, 0.9% or 1.0%; the Mn content may be selected from 0.05%, 0.10%, 0.11%, 0.13%, 0.15%, 0.18%, 0.2%, 0.24% or 0.25%; the Cu content may be selected from 0.05%, 0.15%, 0.2%, 0.24%, 0.3%, 0.36%, 0.4%, 0.45% or 0.5%; the Sr content may be selected from 0.02%, 0.025%, 0.03%, 0.035%, 0.04%, 0.045% or 0.05%; the Ti content may be selected from 0.05%, 0.06%, 0.07%, 0.08%, 0.09% or 0.1%; the Cr content may be selected from 0%, 0.0015%, 0.005%, 0.006%, 0.008% or 0.010%.
In some embodiments, the die-casting aluminum alloy further comprises RE, wherein the RE content is 0.1-0.15% by mass, the RE comprises La and Ce, and the weight ratio of La to Ce is 50-65:35-50.
In particular, the RE content may be selected from 0.10%, 0.11%, 0.12%, 0.13%, 0.14% or 0.15%.
RE: the rare earth consisting of La and Ce has the effect of reducing the contents of hydrogen, oxygen and sulfur in the aluminum alloy; in addition, RE and low-melting-point harmful impurities form RES, REAs, REPb and other binary compounds, and the compounds have the characteristics of high melting point, small density and stable chemical property, and can float upwards to form slag and be fished out, so that aluminum liquid is purified; the existence form of rare earth in aluminum and aluminum alloy has a great relation with the addition amount, and when the RE content is in the above range, the RE effect is mainly fine crystal strengthening and solid solution strengthening.
In some embodiments, the die-cast aluminum alloy has a Ti and Sr mass ratio content satisfying the condition (2-4): 1.
Since eutectic silicon and primary crystal silicon exist in the die-casting aluminum alloy, and Fe and the like impurities exist, the existence of a plurality of elements can lead to the existence of Al 3 The Ti phase is formed to a certain extent, while Sr has a modification effect, so that the influence of eutectic silicon, primary crystal silicon, fe and the like on Ti can be reduced, and when Sr and Ti meet the proportion conditions, the modification effect is better, and the mechanical and heat conduction promotion effect is better.
In some embodiments, the die-cast aluminum alloy has a Si and Zn mass ratio content satisfying the condition (16-80): 1.
In the die-casting aluminum alloy, mg can combine with Si to form Mg 2 Si reinforcing phase to improve strength of aluminum alloy material, but excessive addition of Zn easily causes bonding of Zn with Mg to cause Mg 2 The reduction of Si reinforcing phase, which results in a decrease in strength, ensures that most of the Mg forms Mg with Si when Si and Zn are added in the mass ratio range described above 2 Si reinforcing phase, ensuring that the die-casting aluminum alloy has better mechanical strength.
In some embodiments, the die-casting aluminum alloy has a mass percentage of Fe, si and Mn of 0.06Si+0.5Mn—Fe.gtoreq.0.
The higher the content of Fe in the aluminum alloy is, the easier the beta needle Fe is formed, and the beta needle Fe can crack the matrix, thereby seriously reducing the toughness of the alloy. The improvement of Si and Mn content can act with Fe element to reduce the formation of beta needle Fe, and when the Fe, si and Mn content meets the above relation, the alloy can ensure that no or very little needle Fe is present, so that the alloy has better toughness.
In some embodiments, the die cast aluminum alloy has a content of other elements including V, zr, na, pb and Sn of less than 0.1%.
The other elements are impurity elements, the elements which are dissolved in the alloy form impurity phases with the aluminum alloy, the heat conductivity or mechanical property of the alloy is reduced, the aluminum alloy is avoided by reducing the impurities as much as possible, and in the preferred implementation, the aluminum alloy does not comprise the other elements.
In some embodiments, the die cast aluminum alloy has a yield strength greater than 230MPa, a tensile strength greater than 350MPa, an elongation at break greater than 3%, a thermal conductivity greater than 140W/m.k, and a flowability greater than 1400mm.
The flowability test was conducted using a single screw type flowability sample mold having a cross-sectional area of 5.5X3 mm and a soup feeding capacity of 45cm 3 The injection speed was fixed and the casting temperature was 700 ℃. And (3) performing die casting to form a spiral sample, and recording the length according to the tail end scale of the sample to obtain the fluidity parameters.
Another embodiment of the present invention provides a method for preparing the die-cast aluminum alloy as described above, comprising the following operation steps:
weighing Al agent, ca agent, si agent, fe agent, mn agent, cu agent, cr agent and RE agent according to the proportion of elements in the aluminum alloy, and adding into a smelting furnace for smelting to obtain a melt;
refining the melt by using a refining agent, removing Ca agent, introducing inert gas, and stripping scum;
weighing Mg agent and Zn agent in the required proportion, and adding into the smelting furnace;
respectively weighing the Sr agent and the Ti agent in the required proportion for modification treatment;
and (3) die casting the aluminum alloy cast ingot.
In the present invention, the Al agent, ca agent, si agent, fe agent, mn agent, cu agent, cr agent, mg agent, zn agent, sr agent, ti agent and RE agent are materials capable of providing various elements necessary for producing the die-cast aluminum alloy of the present invention, and may be intermediate alloys, metal compounds or pure metals containing the above elements, as long as the constituent components in the aluminum alloy obtained after melting the added aluminum alloy raw materials are within the above ranges.
In some embodiments, the Ca element in the Ca agent added during smelting is added in an amount of 0.01-0.05% by mass based on 100% by mass of the melt.
In the preparation method provided by the invention, the excessive Ca agent is added in the smelting process, the refining agent is added for refining and Ca agent removal, the Mg agent and the Zn agent are added, the Sr agent, the Ti agent and the RE agent are added for modification treatment, and the aluminum alloy provided by the invention is obtained through casting and die casting.
In some embodiments, the method of removing the Ca agent includes:
AlF addition 3 Removing Ca agent;
or introducing chlorine or carbon tetrachloride to remove Ca agent by taking the inert gas as a carrier.
By introducing AlF 3 Reacting chlorine or carbon tetrachloride with Ca agent to produce CaF 2 The Ca agent can be effectively removed, and new impurities are not introduced.
In some embodiments, the refining agent comprises one or both of hexafluoroethane, aluminum refining agent ZS-AJ01C, and the inert gas comprises nitrogen and/or argon.
In some embodiments, the die casting feed temperature is 700-750deg.C, the mold temperature is 200-300deg.C, and the barrel temperature is 100-200deg.C.
In some embodiments, the die cast aluminum alloy ingot is left at room temperature for 7 days of natural aging.
The invention is further illustrated by the following examples.
Table 1 shows the mass percent (%) of the aluminum alloy components of each of the examples and comparative examples in the present invention, the total mass of the aluminum alloy being 100%, and the mass percent of the remaining components being Al, except for the components shown in table 1.
TABLE 1
Example 1
The embodiment is used for illustrating the die-casting aluminum alloy and the preparation method thereof, and comprises the following operation steps:
step 1: preparing raw materials according to the aluminum alloy components shown in the table I;
step 2: in the smelting process, firstly, 80% pure aluminum is put into a smelting furnace, and when the temperature is raised to about 700 ℃, al-Si intermediate alloy and Ca agent are added;
step 3: after the temperature is increased to above 800 ℃, adding the Fe agent, the Mn agent, the Cu agent, the Cr agent and the RE agent, stirring every 10min for 3min, and standing for 7 min after stirring.
Step 4: adding the rest pure aluminum, and adjusting the smelting temperature to 760 ℃;
step 5: refining the melt by using a refining agent, wherein the refining agent is sprayed into the melt together with inert gas to remove redundant Ca element, the temperature is 730-750 ℃, and surface scum is scraped after refining;
step 6: after the added alloy is completely melted, the temperature is reduced to 760 ℃, and an Mg agent and a Zn agent are added;
step 7: cooling to 720 ℃, adding Sr agent and Ti agent for modification treatment, and then degassing and casting;
step 8: performing a die casting process on an aluminum alloy cast ingot, wherein the die casting soup feeding temperature is set to be 700-750 ℃, the die temperature is set to be 200-300 ℃, and the temperature of a charging barrel is set to be 100-200 ℃;
and 9, uniformly placing the die-cast sample at room temperature for 7 days for natural aging treatment.
Examples 2 to 29
Examples 2 to 29 are for illustrating the aluminum alloys disclosed in the present invention and the preparation methods thereof, including most of the operation steps in example 1, which are different in that:
the procedure of example 1 was repeated except that the aluminum alloy compositions shown in examples 2 to 29 in Table 1 were used.
Comparative examples 1 to 17
Comparative examples 1 to 17 are for comparative illustration of the disclosed aluminum alloys and methods for preparing the same, comprising most of the operating steps of example 1, with the difference that:
the procedure of example 1 was repeated except that the aluminum alloy compositions shown in comparative examples 1 to 17 in Table 1 were used.
Performance testing
The following performance tests were performed on the aluminum alloys prepared in examples 1 to 29 and comparative examples 1 to 17 described above: tensile testing
With reference to standard GBT 228.1-2010, tensile properties (yield strength, tensile strength and elongation) were tested using an electronic universal tester model CMT5105, with a gauge length of 50mm, a loading rate of 2mm/min, 3 tensile members were measured and averaged as tensile test results.
Thermal conduction testing
The thermal conductivity test adopts GBT 22588-2008 flash method to measure thermal diffusivity or thermal conductivity, the size of the sample is phi 12.6-12.7 x (2-4) mm, the model of the test equipment is relaxation-resistant LFA 467, and the surface of the sample needs to be smooth and flat.
Flowability test
The fluidity test adopts a single spiral fluidity test modelHas cross-sectional area of 5.5X3mm and soup feeding capacity of 45cm 3 The injection speed was fixed and the casting temperature was 700 ℃. And (5) die-casting the spiral sample, and recording the length according to the tail end scale of the sample. The test results obtained are filled in table 2.
TABLE 2
As can be seen from the test results in Table 2, the die-casting aluminum alloy provided by the invention has excellent yield strength, tensile strength and thermal conductivity, and also has good extensibility and fluidity on the premise of ensuring the strength and the thermal conductivity, and can meet different die-casting conditions.
The foregoing description of the preferred embodiments of the invention is not intended to be limiting, but rather is intended to cover all modifications, equivalents, and alternatives falling within the spirit and principles of the invention.
Claims (11)
1. The die-casting aluminum alloy is characterized by comprising the following components in percentage by mass:
9-12% of Si, 1.2-1.7% of Mg, 0.5-1.0% of Fe, 0.15-1.0% of Zn, 0.05-0.25% of Mn, 0.05-0.5% of Cu, 0.02-0.05% of Sr, 0.05-0.1% of Ti, 0-0.01% of Cr and 83.24-88.98% of Al.
2. The die-cast aluminum alloy as claimed in claim 1, wherein the die-cast aluminum alloy further comprises RE, the RE content is 0.1-0.15% by mass, the RE comprises La and Ce, and the weight ratio of La to Ce is 50-65:35-50.
3. The die-cast aluminum alloy according to claim 1, wherein the mass ratio of Ti to Sr in the die-cast aluminum alloy satisfies the condition (2-4): 1.
4. The die-cast aluminum alloy according to claim 1, wherein the mass ratio content of Si and Zn in the die-cast aluminum alloy satisfies the condition (16 to 80): 1.
5. The die casting aluminum alloy as claimed in claim 1, wherein the mass percentage of Fe, si and Mn in the die casting aluminum alloy satisfies 0.06Si+0.5Mn—Fe.gtoreq.0.
6. The die-cast aluminum alloy according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the content of other elements in the die-cast aluminum alloy is less than 0.1%, the other elements including V, zr, na, pb and Sn.
7. The die cast aluminum alloy as claimed in claim 1, wherein the die cast aluminum alloy has a yield strength of greater than 230MPa, a tensile strength of greater than 350MPa, an elongation at break of greater than 3%, a thermal conductivity of greater than 140W/m.k, and a fluidity of greater than 1400mm.
8. The method for producing a die-cast aluminum alloy as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 7, comprising the following steps of:
weighing Al agent, ca agent, si agent, fe agent, mn agent, cu agent and Cr agent according to the proportion of elements in the aluminum alloy, and adding the Al agent, ca agent, si agent, fe agent, mn agent, cu agent and Cr agent into a smelting furnace for smelting to obtain a melt;
refining the melt by using a refining agent, removing Ca agent, introducing inert gas, and stripping scum;
weighing Mg agent and Zn agent in the required proportion, and adding into the smelting furnace;
respectively weighing the Sr agent and the Ti agent in the required proportion for modification treatment;
and (3) die casting the aluminum alloy cast ingot.
9. The method for producing a die-cast aluminum alloy according to claim 8, wherein the addition mass of Ca element in the Ca agent added during the melting is 0.01 to 0.05% based on 100% of the mass of the melt.
10. The method for producing a die-cast aluminum alloy according to claim 8, wherein an RE agent is further added, the RE agent comprising La and Ce.
11. The method for producing a die-cast aluminum alloy according to claim 8, wherein the die-cast aluminum alloy ingot is subjected to natural aging at room temperature for 7 days.
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| CN117488148B (en) * | 2024-01-03 | 2024-04-02 | 魏桥(苏州)轻量化研究院有限公司 | Cast aluminum alloy and preparation method and application thereof |
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